中国拟对高糖饮料加税：不靠新药，只改价格就能救百万人｜附文稿
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | Imagine passing just one single law and you instantly save over a million lives. | 想象一下,只要通过一条法律, 你立刻拯救了超过一百万人的生命。 |
| 0:06 | You don't even need a medical breakthrough. | 你甚至不需要医疗突破 |
| 0:08 | Right. | 对 |
| 0:08 | You just change the price tag. | 你只要换个价牌 |
| 0:09 | Yeah, exactly. | 没错 |
| 0:10 | You just change the price on a bottle of iced tea. | 你只需要换一瓶冰茶的价格 |
| 0:12 | So welcome to today's Deep Dive. | 欢迎来到今天的深渊 |
| 0:14 | We are looking at China's massive, | 我们正在看中国的庞大, |
| 0:17 | completely unprecedented war on sugar. | 对糖的战争是史无前例的 |
| 0:20 | And it's a really fascinating topic. | 这是一个非常有趣的话题。 |
展开字幕全文（365 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Imagine passing just one single law and you instantly save over a million lives. | 想象一下,只要通过一条法律, 你立刻拯救了超过一百万人的生命。 |
| 2 | You don't even need a medical breakthrough. | 你甚至不需要医疗突破 |
| 3 | Right. | 对 |
| 4 | You just change the price tag. | 你只要换个价牌 |
| 5 | Yeah, exactly. | 没错 |
| 6 | You just change the price on a bottle of iced tea. | 你只需要换一瓶冰茶的价格 |
| 7 | So welcome to today's Deep Dive. | 欢迎来到今天的深渊 |
| 8 | We are looking at China's massive, | 我们正在看中国的庞大, |
| 9 | completely unprecedented war on sugar. | 对糖的战争是史无前例的 |
| 10 | And it's a really fascinating topic. | 这是一个非常有趣的话题。 |
| 11 | We are using an article from the South China Morning Post today. | 我们今天用的是"南华早报"的一篇文章. |
| 12 | It details this huge public health experiment. | 它详细介绍了这个巨大的公共卫生实验. |
| 13 | I mean, | 我是说... |
| 14 | a major country is trying to change a daily habit for over a billion people. | 一个大国正努力改变十亿人的日常习惯。 |
| 15 | Think about your own habits. | 想想你自己的习惯 |
| 16 | You know, before you started listening today, | 你知道,在你开始听之前, |
| 17 | did you grab a sweet drink? | 你拿了甜饮料吗? |
| 18 | I know I did. | 我知道我这样做。 |
| 19 | Right. | 对 |
| 20 | It's a completely automatic choice for most of us. | 这对我们大多数人来说是完全自动的选择. |
| 21 | You feel a little tired in the afternoon. | 你下午觉得有点累了 |
| 22 | So you buy a cold soda. | 所以你买了冷苏打水。 |
| 23 | And you drink it without even thinking about it. | 你喝它,甚至没有想到它。 |
| 24 | Exactly. | 没错 |
| 25 | Because it's cheap and it's just right there. | 因为它很便宜,就在那里。 |
| 26 | Well, that automatic habit is exactly what public health officials want to break. | 这个自动习惯正是公共卫生官员想要打破的. |
| 27 | They want to interrupt your routine. | 他们想打断你的表演 |
| 28 | They want to force you to think, | 他们想强迫你思考 |
| 29 | right, before you take a sip. | 好吧,在你喝一口之前,你先喝一口 |
| 30 | Yeah, exactly. | 没错 |
| 31 | And the first major disruption for this happens this coming March. | 今年三月是第一次重大干扰。 |
| 32 | Okay. | 摆 |
| 33 | So what happens in March? | 3月会发生什么? |
| 34 | The government is creating a new rule | 政府正在创造新的规则 |
| 35 | for drink companies. | 为饮料公司。 |
| 36 | These companies will have to put clear labels on their products, | 这些公司必须在产品上贴上明确的标签, |
| 37 | like impossible to miss labels. | 像不可能错过标签。 |
| 38 | Oh, I see. | 原来如此 |
| 39 | So you can't just ignore them. | 所以你不能无视他们 |
| 40 | Right. | 对 |
| 41 | And the labels must show the exact amount of sugar inside. | 标签必须显示里面的糖量。 |
| 42 | They also have to show the saturated fat. | 它们也必须显示饱和脂肪. |
| 43 | Okay, wait, saturated fat. | 好吧,等等,饱和脂肪。 |
| 44 | We should probably explain that for a second. | 我们也许应该解释一下 |
| 45 | Good point. | 说得好 |
| 46 | Saturated fat is a type of fat that builds up in your body. | 饱和脂肪(英語:S饱和脂肪)是一类在体内积聚的脂肪. |
| 47 | It can really harm your heart over a long period of time. | 它真的会伤害你的心脏 在很长一段时间。 |
| 48 | Right. | 对 |
| 49 | But sugar is definitely the main target of this new policy. | 但糖绝对是这项新政策的主要目标. |
| 50 | Because right now, these sweet drinks are completely ubiquitous across China. | 因为现在,这些甜饮料在中国到处都是。 |
| 51 | Ubiquitous, yeah. | 对,是的 |
| 52 | Which just means you find them everywhere, | 也就是说你到处都能找到他们 |
| 53 | like literally everywhere. | 像字面上随处可见。 |
| 54 | Yeah, they are on every single street corner. | 是啊,他们在每个街角。 |
| 55 | They sit in every small neighborhood shop, and they cost very little money. | 他们坐在每一个小街区的商店里,他们花费很少的钱. |
| 56 | So what do you think about this March labeling rule? | 你觉得这三月的标签规则怎么样? |
| 57 | Well, honestly, it feels like a very small step. | 老实说 这感觉就像一个很小的一步 |
| 58 | I like to think about it like turning on the lights in a really messy room. | 我喜欢把它想起来 像打开灯 在非常混乱的房间。 |
| 59 | Ooh, I like that analogy. | 哦,我喜欢这个类比。 |
| 60 | Right. | 对 |
| 61 | So imagine your bedroom is | 所以想象一下你的卧室 |
| 62 | full of trash, but it's completely dark. | 满是垃圾,但很黑 |
| 63 | You can't start cleaning until you actually turn | 你不能开始打扫 直到你真正转身 |
| 64 | on the light and see the mess. | 在灯光上看到混乱。 |
| 65 | And the label brings that mess into the light. | 标签将那烂摊子引向光明 |
| 66 | Exactly. | 没错 |
| 67 | You can finally see the 50 grams of sugar hidden in your afternoon drink. | 你终于能看到50克糖藏在下午的饮料中. |
| 68 | I have to push back a little here. | 我得往后推一点 |
| 69 | Is seeing the sugar actually enough to change your behavior? | 看到糖能改变你的行为吗? |
| 70 | That's the big question. | 这是一个大问题。 |
| 71 | Because I see calorie | 因为我看到卡路里 |
| 72 | numbers on fast food menus all the time, but I still order the large burger and fries, you know? | 快餐菜单上的数字, 但我仍然订购 大汉堡和薯条,你知道吗? |
| 73 | Yeah, I do the exact same thing. | 是啊,我做同样的事情。 |
| 74 | So information doesn't always stop a bad habit. | 所以信息并不总是能阻止不良的习惯. |
| 75 | No, it doesn't. | 不,它没有。 |
| 76 | And you're hitting on a really crucial point in behavioral psychology here. | 而你正在研究行为心理学中 一个非常关键的问题。 |
| 77 | Information alone rarely changes human habits. | 信息本身很少改变人类的习惯。 |
| 78 | Right. | 对 |
| 79 | Habits are hard to break. | 哈比特人很难突破。 |
| 80 | Extremely hard. | 极难. |
| 81 | And over 110 countries already tax sweet drinks for this exact reason. | 110多个国家已经为此对甜饮料征税。 |
| 82 | They realize that labels are just step one. | 他们意识到标签只是第一步。 |
| 83 | The label shows you the problem. | 标签显示你的问题。 |
| 84 | Exactly. | 没错 |
| 85 | And step two forces you to feel the problem. | 第二步迫使你感受到问题所在 |
| 86 | And feeling the problem means feeling it in your wallet. | 感觉问题就意味着感觉在钱包里 |
| 87 | You got it. | 没问题 |
| 88 | The government wants to introduce a new tax. | 政府想实行新税制. |
| 89 | The article calls it a consumption tax. | 文章称之为消费税. |
| 90 | Okay. | 摆 |
| 91 | Let's break down how that works. | 让我们分解它是如何工作的。 |
| 92 | How is it different from a normal tax? | 与普通税有何不同? |
| 93 | Well, a general sales tax applies to almost everything you buy at a store. | 嗯,一般的销售税 几乎适用于你买 在商店的一切。 |
| 94 | But a consumption tax is highly targeted. | 但消费税是高度有针对性的。 |
| 95 | So you only pay on specific things. | 所以,你只支付 具体的事情。 |
| 96 | Right. | 对 |
| 97 | Very specific goods. | 非常特别的货物。 |
| 98 | Governments usually put it on things like tobacco or alcohol. | 政府通常把它放在烟酒之类的东西上. |
| 99 | It is designed to discourage you from buying those specific items. | 它旨在阻止你购买这些特定物品。 |
| 100 | Oh, I see. | 原来如此 |
| 101 | And China currently applies this special tax to only 15 types of items, right? | 而中国目前只对15种物品征收这种特殊税,对吧? |
| 102 | Yeah, just 15. | 对,只有15个 |
| 103 | It's a very exclusive list. | 这是一个非常排他性的名单。 |
| 104 | But those few items generate huge money. | 但那些小东西能赚大钱 |
| 105 | Last year, they brought in over 1.6 trillion yuan. | 去年,他们带来了超过1.6万亿人民币. |
| 106 | Which is a massive amount of revenue. | 这是大量的收入。 |
| 107 | So adding sweet drinks to that list seems | 所以,在名单上添加甜饮料似乎 |
| 108 | completely logical. | 完全合乎逻辑 |
| 109 | Especially if the ultimate goal is public health. | 特别是如果最终目标是公共卫生。 |
| 110 | Let's look at the actual medical numbers, actually. | 我们看看实际的医疗数字 |
| 111 | The article highlights research | 文章强调研究 |
| 112 | from Professor Fu Hongqiao. | 从傅洪巧教授。 |
| 113 | Right. | 对 |
| 114 | He works at Peking University. | 他在北京大学工作. |
| 115 | And his team published some staggering data. | 他的团队公布了一些惊人的数据。 |
| 116 | They put their findings | 他们把调查结果 |
| 117 | in a really famous medical journal called The Lancet. | 在一个非常著名的医学期刊《柳叶刀》里 |
| 118 | Oh, The Lancet is a huge deal in the medical world. | 柳叶刀是医学界的一个大交易 |
| 119 | It is. | 没错 |
| 120 | So they created this mathematical model. | 他们创造了这个数学模型。 |
| 121 | They looked at a 20% price increase | 他们看涨价20% |
| 122 | on sugary drinks. | 在糖性饮料。 |
| 123 | They also included tobacco and alcohol | 还包括烟酒 |
| 124 | in this model, right? | 在这个模型,对不对? |
| 125 | Yeah, they did. | 是的,他们做到了。 |
| 126 | Let's talk more about that 20% number, though. | 我们来谈谈20%的数字 |
| 127 | I am fascinated by the psychology of pricing. | 我对定价的心理学很着迷 |
| 128 | How so? | 为什么? |
| 129 | Well, if my favorite iced tea costs $1, | 如果我最喜欢的冰茶要1美元 |
| 130 | it would now cost $1.20. | 现在要花1.20美元 |
| 131 | Right. | 对 |
| 132 | Does an extra 20 cents really stop someone from buying a drink? | 额外20美分真的能阻止别人买酒吗? |
| 133 | I feel like I'd just pay the extra change and complain about it. | 我觉得我会付额外零钱 抱怨它。 |
| 134 | You know, a lot of people assume that, but large-scale economic data tells a very | 你知道,很多人假设, 但大规模经济数据 显示非常 |
| 135 | different story. | 不同的故事。 |
| 136 | Really? | 真的吗? |
| 137 | Yeah, it crosses this powerful psychological boundary for shoppers. | 是啊,它跨越了 这个强大的心理界限 对于购物者。 |
| 138 | Below a 20% increase, people usually just accept the extra cost. | 在增加20%以下,人们通常只接受额外费用。 |
| 139 | They just pay it. | 他们只是支付它。 |
| 140 | Right. | 对 |
| 141 | They grumble, but they still buy the drink out of pure habit. | 他们抱怨,但他们仍然买 饮料出于纯粹的习惯。 |
| 142 | But at 20%, the brain actually breaks the habit. | 但是在20%,大脑实际上打破了习惯。 |
| 143 | Oh, wow. | 哦,哇呜。 |
| 144 | So the automatic routine just stops. | 所以自动程序就停止了 |
| 145 | Exactly. | 没错 |
| 146 | You look at the price tag, you look at the bottle, | 你看价格标签,看瓶子, |
| 147 | you calculate the cost in your head. | 你计算你头上的成本。 |
| 148 | And they decide it's not worth it. | 他们决定这不值得 |
| 149 | Yeah. | 对 |
| 150 | A significant percentage of people decide to just put the bottle back | 相当一部分人决定把瓶子放回去 |
| 151 | and grab a free cup of water instead. | 顺便拿杯免费水来 |
| 152 | That is fascinating. | 这是令人着迷的。 |
| 153 | And that tiny pause at the cash register creates massive health benefits. | 在收银台的微小停顿 产生了巨大的健康福利。 |
| 154 | How massive are we talking? | 我们说得有多大? |
| 155 | Well, the research model shows | 研究模型显示 |
| 156 | this small price jump could save 1.35 million lives by the year 2050. | 到2050年,价格的这一小幅上涨可以挽救135万人的生命。 |
| 157 | Over a million lives. | 过百万众生. |
| 158 | It drastically lowers the rates of obesity, | 它大幅降低肥胖率, |
| 159 | it also prevents countless cases of type 2 diabetes. | 也可以防止2型糖尿病的无数病例。 |
| 160 | And type 2 diabetes isn't just a minor health issue. | 2型糖尿病不仅仅是个小健康问题 |
| 161 | It is a severe chronic condition. | 这是一个严重的慢性病。 |
| 162 | Yeah, it's terrible. | 是啊,这是可怕的。 |
| 163 | It slowly destroys your body's ability to process food. | 它慢慢地破坏了你的身体处理食物的能力. |
| 164 | It causes blindness and heart disease. | 造成失明和心脏病。 |
| 165 | And it floods hospitals with extremely | 它让医院极度泛滥 |
| 166 | sick patients. | 病人们 |
| 167 | Right. | 对 |
| 168 | So preventing the disease saves lives. | 故防病救众生. |
| 169 | Yes. | 对 |
| 170 | And it also saves the health care system from totally collapsing | 也能挽救医疗体系的崩溃 |
| 171 | under the heavy weight of all those sick patients. | 在所有这些病人的沉重重量之下。 |
| 172 | The medical savings are just enormous. | 医疗方面的节省是巨大的。 |
| 173 | So saving lives is obviously the primary public health goal. | 因此,拯救生命显然是基本公共卫生目标。 |
| 174 | But there's an entirely separate incentive for the government here. | 但对于这里的政府,有完全独立的奖励. |
| 175 | You mean the money? | 你是说钱? |
| 176 | Exactly. | 没错 |
| 177 | We have to talk about the revenue. | 我们必须谈谈收入问题。 |
| 178 | Taxing something this common | 征税这种常见的东西 |
| 179 | has to generate a massive windfall of cash. | 必须产生大量的意外现金。 |
| 180 | Oh, the financial projections are simply wild. | 哦,财务预测只是疯狂的。 |
| 181 | Zhen Rong ran the numbers on this. | 振龙查过这个号码 |
| 182 | She's a researcher, right? | 她是一个研究员,对不对? |
| 183 | Yes, at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing. | 是,在北京国际工商经济大学. |
| 184 | She looked at what happens if drink prices go up by 20 to 30 percent. | 她研究了如果饮料价格上升20%到30%会怎样。 |
| 185 | And what did she find? | 她发现了什么? |
| 186 | Her estimates are huge, aren't they? | 她的估计是巨大的,不是吗? |
| 187 | Huge. | 巨大的。 |
| 188 | She says this tax could | 她说这种税可以 |
| 189 | generate up to 236 billion yuan every single year. | 每年产生高达2360亿元人民币. |
| 190 | Wait, let me translate that for our international listeners. | 等等,让我为我们的国际听众翻译一下。 |
| 191 | That is roughly 35 billion U.S. dollars. | 大约350亿美元。 |
| 192 | Yep. | 对 |
| 193 | Every single year. | 每年都有 |
| 194 | It's unbelievable. | 难以置信 |
| 195 | It really reveals the sheer volume of sugar being consumed daily. | 它真的揭示了每天大量食糖。 |
| 196 | It really does. | 确实 |
| 197 | But you know, this huge pile of money | 但你知道,这堆大钱 |
| 198 | creates a new political problem. | 造成一个新的政治问题。 |
| 199 | I know so. | 我知道是这样。 |
| 200 | When a government suddenly collects an extra 35 billion dollars, | 当政府突然多收了350亿美元 |
| 201 | regular people get very suspicious. | 普通人变得非常可疑。 |
| 202 | Oh, yeah, I completely understand that | 哦,是的,我完全理解这一点 |
| 203 | reaction. | 反应 |
| 204 | Right. | 对 |
| 205 | If I am an average citizen, I might see this as a pure money grab. | 如果我是普通公民,我可能会认为这是纯粹的抢钱。 |
| 206 | Like they just want your cash. | 碞钩琌璶窥 |
| 207 | Exactly. | 没错 |
| 208 | I'm just trying to enjoy my afternoon sweet tea. | 我只是想享受下午的甜茶 |
| 209 | And suddenly the government is emptying my pockets. | 政府突然掏空了我的口袋 |
| 210 | It feels like a punishment rather than a health program. | 感觉像是惩罚而不是健康计划 |
| 211 | Well, Zhen Rong offers a brilliant policy solution to this exact problem. | 振荣为这个问题提供了极好的政策解决方案. |
| 212 | What's the solution? | 有什么办法? |
| 213 | You have to change the public story. | 你必须改变公共故事。 |
| 214 | You can't just put that tax money into a general government bank account. | 你不能把这些税金放进普通的政府银行账户 |
| 215 | You must lock it up for a specific cause. | 你必须把它锁起来 为一个特定的原因。 |
| 216 | A cause that everyone loves. | 人人都爱的事业 |
| 217 | Exactly. | 没错 |
| 218 | She suggests using every single penny of that tax | 她建议用每一分税 |
| 219 | to fund healthy school meals for children. | 资助儿童健康学校膳食。 |
| 220 | Oh, I love the simple mechanics of this idea. | 哦,我喜欢这个想法的简单机械。 |
| 221 | It's so smart, right? | 它是如此聪明,对不对? |
| 222 | It really is. | 没错 |
| 223 | You take a destructive daily habit, you tax the cheap sugar, | 你每天习以为常 收低价糖 |
| 224 | and you legally transform that money into a public good. | 你合法地把钱变成公益物 |
| 225 | You're literally turning soda into school lunches. | 你把苏打水变成学校午餐 |
| 226 | It makes the new tax almost impossible for anyone to argue against. | 这使得新税几乎不可能让任何人反对. |
| 227 | Right. | 对 |
| 228 | Because if you vote against the sugar tax, | 因为如果你投票反对糖税, |
| 229 | you look like you're voting against feeding hungry kids. | 你好像在投票反对喂饱饥饿的孩子 |
| 230 | It is a very smart political strategy. | 这是一个非常聪明的政治策略。 |
| 231 | So funding school meals with a sugar tax sounds like a perfect policy on paper. | 所以用糖税资助学校的膳食 听起来像是纸上完美的政策 |
| 232 | But? | 不过? |
| 233 | But public policy often falls apart in the real world. | 但公共政策在现实世界中往往会分崩离析. |
| 234 | There is a massive blind spot in this plan. | 这个计划有一个巨大的盲点。 |
| 235 | It could completely ruin that school meal program before it even starts. | 它可能完全破坏学校的餐食计划 甚至开始之前。 |
| 236 | Yes. | 对 |
| 237 | We need to talk about the loophole. | 我们得谈谈漏洞 |
| 238 | Right. | 对 |
| 239 | The loophole. | 那个漏洞 |
| 240 | So a loophole is simply a gap in the law. | 因此漏洞只是法律上的漏洞. |
| 241 | It's a way to legally avoid the rules. | 以是法界避诸法门. |
| 242 | People find loopholes because the rule makers didn't think of every possible situation. | 人们发现漏洞,因为统治者没有想到每一个可能的情况. |
| 243 | Exactly. | 没错 |
| 244 | And in this case, the loophole is the modern bubble tea shop. | 而在这种情况下,漏洞就是现代泡茶店. |
| 245 | Li Hua issued a major warning about this gap in the law. | 李华就这一法律漏洞发出重大警告. |
| 246 | She's a director at Shandong University, and she studies tax design. | 她在山东大学任教,学习税务设计. |
| 247 | What'd she say? | 她说什么? |
| 248 | Well, she pointed out that the entire beverage market in China | 她指出整个中国的饮料市场 |
| 249 | has completely transformed over the last 10 years. | 过去10年里已经彻底转变。 |
| 250 | Right. | 对 |
| 251 | It's no longer just about buying plastic bottles of cola made in giant factories. | 它不再仅仅是购买 塑料瓶可乐 在巨大的工厂。 |
| 252 | Exactly. | 没错 |
| 253 | It's all about made-to-order bubble tea now. | 现时一切如来调伏香泡茶. |
| 254 | Brands like Hey Tea and Mik Xue are absolutely dominant right now. | 茶叶和薛美惠等品牌现在占绝对优势 |
| 255 | They really are. | 他们真的是。 |
| 256 | They have stores in every major shopping mall. | 在每个大型购物中心都有商店 |
| 257 | They have small shops on every busy street. | 每个繁忙的街道都有小店铺. |
| 258 | And they have stealing a massive amount of business away from traditional bottled drinks. | 他们从传统的瓶装饮料中偷盗了大量生意 |
| 259 | But this shift creates a severe problem for the government, doesn't it? | 但这种转变给政府造成了严重的问题,不是吗? |
| 260 | A huge organizing problem, yeah. | 一个巨大的组织问题,是的。 |
| 261 | Think about how easy it is to tax a large factory. | 想想对大型工厂征税有多容易 |
| 262 | Taxing bottled drinks is incredibly simple. | 征收瓶装饮料税非常简单。 |
| 263 | It's like putting a toll booth on a single major highway leaving a factory, right? | 这就像把收费亭 在单一的主要公路 离开工厂,对不对? |
| 264 | That's a great way to picture it. | 这是很好的想象方法。 |
| 265 | Every single bottle passes through that one gate. | 每个瓶子都穿过那扇门 |
| 266 | You can easily count the bottles. | 你很容易数出瓶子 |
| 267 | You measure the sugar inside them. | 你测量里面的糖 |
| 268 | And you charge the exact tax. | 而你却要征收准确的税 |
| 269 | It is highly efficient. | 这是非常有效的。 |
| 270 | But made-to-order bubble tea shops operate in a completely different way. | 但制成的泡泡茶店的运作方式完全不同. |
| 271 | The final drink isn't mixed in a centralized factory. | 最后的饮料不是在中央工厂里混合的. |
| 272 | Nope. | 没有 |
| 273 | It's made right in front of you. | 即于前造为正觉. |
| 274 | Right. | 对 |
| 275 | A young worker stands behind a counter. | 一个年轻的工人站在柜台后面。 |
| 276 | They scoop some ice into a plastic cup. | 他们把冰倒进塑料杯里 |
| 277 | They pour in some fresh tea. | 他们倒了一些新鲜茶。 |
| 278 | And then they physically pump a thick sugar syrup into the cup. | 然后他们把厚厚的糖浆抽进杯子里。 |
| 279 | Just pump, pump, pump. | 只是泵,泵,泵。 |
| 280 | Yeah, exactly. | 没错 |
| 281 | They might even add extra pumps of sugar if you ask for a sweeter drink. | 如果你要更甜的饮料 他们甚至会加点糖水 |
| 282 | And trying to tax that hand-pumped sugar is incredibly difficult. | 而试图征税 手泵糖是极其困难的。 |
| 283 | It's like trying to put a toll booth in every single person's private driveway. | 这就像试图在每个人的私人车道上设置收费亭. |
| 284 | Right. | 对 |
| 285 | It's impossible to manage. | 这不可能 |
| 286 | Completely. | 完全没有。 |
| 287 | How does the government track how many pumps of syrup went into a million different cups? | 政府如何追踪有多少个水泵 进入了百万个不同的杯子? |
| 288 | How do they monitor 10,000 different small shops every day? | 他们每天如何监视一万家不同的小商店? |
| 289 | They can't. | 他们不能。 |
| 290 | And if the government can't track the sugar, they can't tax it. | 如果政府不能追踪到糖,他们就不能征税. |
| 291 | Exactly. | 没错 |
| 292 | And if they only apply the new tax to the factory bottles, the policy fails entirely. | 如果他们只对工厂瓶子征收新税,政策就完全失败了. |
| 293 | Lihua warns that the law will have no bite. | 丽华警告说,法律不会咬人. |
| 294 | It will be completely useless. | 这将是完全无用的。 |
| 295 | Because consumers are highly sensitive to price changes, right? | 因为消费者对价格变化非常敏感,对吧? |
| 296 | Very. | 甚处来. |
| 297 | If a bottle of iced tea suddenly costs 20% more, people will notice. | 如果一瓶冰茶突然多花费20%,人们会注意到. |
| 298 | And if a fresh, sugary bubble tea stays cheap, people will just switch their habits. | 如果新鲜的糖性泡泡茶保持便宜,人们就会改变习惯. |
| 299 | The tax burden merely shifts from one product to another. | 税收负担只是从一种产品转移到另一种产品。 |
| 300 | So you haven't lowered the overall sugar intake of the population at all? | 所以,你还没有降低 整体的糖摄入量 人口吗? |
| 301 | Not even a little bit. | 甚至没有一点点。 |
| 302 | You just moved the sugar. | 你刚把糖搬走了 |
| 303 | You moved it from a plastic bottle to a plastic cup with a straw. | 你把它从一个塑料瓶搬到一个带吸管的塑料杯. |
| 304 | Yeah. | 对 |
| 305 | And you completely failed the entire public health mission. | 你完全没有完成整个公共卫生任务 |
| 306 | This highlights the hardest part of tax law. | 这突出了税法中最难的部分。 |
| 307 | You have to change human behavior without destroying a booming industry. | 你必须改变人类的行为 而不破坏繁荣的产业 |
| 308 | And the major bubble tea brands are very aware of this debate. | 而主要的泡茶品牌也非常了解这场辩论. |
| 309 | They've publicly promised to comply with any new health regulations. | 他们公开承诺遵守任何新的卫生条例. |
| 310 | They want to be seen as responsible, right? | 他们想被看作责任,对不对? |
| 311 | Yeah. | 对 |
| 312 | Responsible corporate citizens. | 负责任的企业公民. |
| 313 | Well, promises are nice. | 嗯,承诺是很好的。 |
| 314 | But how do you actually write the law to fix this problem? | 但你如何写法律来解决这个问题? |
| 315 | You can't put a government tax inspector inside every single bubble tea kitchen. | 你不能让政府税务督察 在每个泡泡茶厨房里 |
| 316 | No, you can't. | 不,你无法。 |
| 317 | Zheng Rong argues the focus must remain ruthlessly on the sugar itself. | 郑荣主张,要坚持不懈地关注糖本身. |
| 318 | Okay. | 摆 |
| 319 | So what does that mean in practice? | 那实际上是什么意思? |
| 320 | The design of the tax can't care about the container. | 税收的设计不能关注集装箱. |
| 321 | It shouldn't matter if the drink is a factory-sealed bottle | 酒是工厂封装的瓶子就无所谓了 |
| 322 | or a handshaken cup from a street vendor. | 或街上卖家的手提杯 |
| 323 | So maybe you change where you collect the tax. | 所以也许你改变收税的地方 |
| 324 | Exactly. | 没错 |
| 325 | You tax the massive jugs of liquid sugar before they ever reach the bubble tea shop. | 在他们到达泡泡茶店之前 你对大量的液糖征税 |
| 326 | You target the wholesale supply, the large-scale buying. | 你的目标是批发供应 大规模购买 |
| 327 | Right. | 对 |
| 328 | If the heavy syrup costs the shop owner 30% more to buy, | 如果重糖浆要花店主多买30% |
| 329 | they have to raise the price of the final drink. | 他们必须提高最后饮料的价格。 |
| 330 | That makes perfect sense. | 这很合理 |
| 331 | You measure and tax the sweet stuff at the source. | 你对源头的甜品进行计量和征税. |
| 332 | If health is truly the primary objective of this law, | 如果健康是本法的首要目标, |
| 333 | the government has to close these logistical back doors. | 政府必须关闭这些后勤后门。 |
| 334 | The tax has to follow the sugar wherever it goes. | 税须随食糖而去. |
| 335 | Exactly. | 没错 |
| 336 | But this has been a fascinating look at the mechanics of a massive policy shift. | 但从这个角度来看, 这是一个巨大的政策转变。 |
| 337 | It really has. | 痷 |
| 338 | China is attempting to solve a devastating health crisis by | 中国试图通过 |
| 339 | changing the price of a daily habit. | 改变日常习惯的价格。 |
| 340 | They plan to fund healthy school meals with the profits. | 他们计划用利润资助健康的学校餐. |
| 341 | But they have to solve the bubble tea loophole to make any of it work. | 但他们必须解决泡泡茶漏洞,才能使其中任何一种都奏效. |
| 342 | And, you know, while we focused heavily on China today, | 而且,你知道,当我们今天 专注于中国, |
| 343 | this is really a global reckoning. | 这真的是一个全球性的核算。 |
| 344 | Oh, for sure. | 当然 |
| 345 | The entire world is finally calculating the true cost of cheap sugar. | 全世界最终都在计算廉价糖的真正成本. |
| 346 | It might be cheap at the cash register today, | 今天在收银台可能很便宜 |
| 347 | but it costs billions of dollars in hospital bills later. | 但它花费数十亿美元 医院账单以后。 |
| 348 | It definitely makes you look at your own afternoon Drake differently. | 这肯定让你 看你自己的下午德雷克不同。 |
| 349 | The era of cheap, invisible sugar seems to be ending. | 廉价,隐形糖的时代似乎正在结束. |
| 350 | Governments around the world are just deciding they can no longer afford the medical bills. | 全世界各国政府正在决定,他们再也负担不起医疗费用。 |
| 351 | Which leaves us with a lingering question for you to think about today. | 这留给我们一个留待你考虑的问题 |
| 352 | What's the question? | 问甚么. |
| 353 | We are watching sweet drinks get treated exactly like cigarettes. | 我们正看着甜饮料被像香烟一样对待 |
| 354 | They are getting clear warning labels. | 他们得到了明确的警告标签。 |
| 355 | They are facing heavy targeted taxes. | 他们面临沉重的定向税。 |
| 356 | So if sugar is the new tobacco, what normal everyday food is next? | 所以,如果糖是新的烟草, 什么是正常的日常食物接下来? |
| 357 | Oh, that's a great question. | 哦,这是一个伟大的问题。 |
| 358 | Right. | 对 |
| 359 | Will governments start putting a special tax on a fast food burger? | 政府会开始对快餐汉堡征收特别税吗? |
| 360 | Or maybe a bag of salty potato chips? | 还是一袋咸薯片? |
| 361 | That's definitely possible. | 这绝对有可能。 |
| 362 | Where exactly is the line between our personal choices and public health? | 我们的个人选择和公共卫生之间的界限究竟在哪里? |
| 363 | Let us know what you think. | 告诉我们你的想法。 |
| 364 | Thank you for joining us for this deep dive. | 谢谢你加入我们的深潜行动 |
| 365 | Keep asking great questions and we will see you next time. | 继续问好问题 下次见 |
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