癌症疫苗被误解了几十年：香港公司Sequencio两款新药获
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | Imagine a thief is like already inside your house, right? | 想象一下,一个小偷就像 已经在你的房子,对不对? |
| 0:03 | They're searching your rooms. | 他们在搜查你的房间 |
| 0:05 | They're stealing your things and | 他们偷了你的东西 |
| 0:08 | Your solution you go and put a stronger lock on the front door, which is completely useless at that point exactly | 你的解决办法是把更坚固的锁锁在门上 这完全没用 |
| 0:15 | It makes no sense, right? | 这没道理吧? |
| 0:16 | But that is basically how we have misunderstood the term cancer vaccine for decades | 但是,这基本上是我们如何误解 癌症疫苗一词几十年 |
| 0:21 | Welcome to the deep dive. | 欢迎来到深潜 |
| 0:22 | Thanks for having me today. | 谢谢你今天邀请我 |
| 0:23 | We are exploring a major step forward in medicine | 我们正在探索在医学方面迈出的一大步 |
| 0:26 | We are looking at a completely new way to fight cancer. | 我们正在寻找一个全新的方法来对抗癌症。 |
展开字幕全文（329 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Imagine a thief is like already inside your house, right? | 想象一下,一个小偷就像 已经在你的房子,对不对? |
| 2 | They're searching your rooms. | 他们在搜查你的房间 |
| 3 | They're stealing your things and | 他们偷了你的东西 |
| 4 | Your solution you go and put a stronger lock on the front door, which is completely useless at that point exactly | 你的解决办法是把更坚固的锁锁在门上 这完全没用 |
| 5 | It makes no sense, right? | 这没道理吧? |
| 6 | But that is basically how we have misunderstood the term cancer vaccine for decades | 但是,这基本上是我们如何误解 癌症疫苗一词几十年 |
| 7 | Welcome to the deep dive. | 欢迎来到深潜 |
| 8 | Thanks for having me today. | 谢谢你今天邀请我 |
| 9 | We are exploring a major step forward in medicine | 我们正在探索在医学方面迈出的一大步 |
| 10 | We are looking at a completely new way to fight cancer. | 我们正在寻找一个全新的方法来对抗癌症。 |
| 11 | Yeah, we are changing the entire approach here | 对,我们要改变整个方法 |
| 12 | I mean for a long time fighting cancer meant using really heavy weapons from the outside like strong chemicals or radiation, right? | 我的意思是在很长一段时间内 与癌症作斗争 意味着使用真正的重型武器 从外部像强力化学剂或辐射,对不对? |
| 13 | Doctors tried to burn or poison the disease, but well that approach causes a lot of damage to healthy cells, too | 医生试图烧伤或毒害疾病,但这样对健康的细胞也造成了很大损害 |
| 14 | It's super tough on the body and that brings us to our main source today | 这对身体来说是超强的 这让我们来到今天的主源 |
| 15 | We are looking at a recent article from the south china morning post | 我们看的是最近南中国的一篇文章 |
| 16 | Yeah, it is about a company based in hong kong the company is named sequentia therapeutics | 是的,这是关于一家总部在香港的公司 公司被命名为squentia治疗。 |
| 17 | And they are getting a lot of attention in the medical world right now | 他们现在在医学界受到很多关注 |
| 18 | Sequentia is actually part of a larger company. | 塞肯蒂亚实际上是一个更大的公司的一部分. |
| 19 | That parent company is called ck life sciences | 那家母公司叫做ck生命科学 |
| 20 | Oh right, and they have major financial backing from lee cashing. | 哦,对了,他们有大 财政支持从利兑现。 |
| 21 | He is a very well-known investor. | 他是一个非常著名的投资者。 |
| 22 | So | 这么说 |
| 23 | This company has developed two totally new cancer drugs | 这家公司研制了两种全新的癌症药物 |
| 24 | And these drugs are getting global attention | 这些药物引起了全球的关注 |
| 25 | Right now actually they are presenting their data at a huge conference in the united states in phoenix, arizona, right? | 现在他们正在美国凤凰城的一次大型会议上 展示他们的数据 对吧? |
| 26 | Yes, the society for immunotherapy of cancer. | 是的 癌症免疫治疗协会 |
| 27 | It is a major event | 这是一个重大事件 |
| 28 | Presenting there means the whole global scientific community is watching their work | 在那里展示意味着整个全球科学界都在关注他们的工作 |
| 29 | So our mission today is to understand why these drugs are so special | 所以我们今天的任务是 了解为什么这些毒品如此特殊 |
| 30 | We'll break down how they work and we will look at what they mean for the future of global health | 我们将分解它们的工作方式 研究它们对全球健康的未来的意义 |
| 31 | Sounds good | 听起来不错 |
| 32 | But first we really need to talk about that lock on the front door | 但首先我们需要谈谈门上的锁 |
| 33 | We need to change how we think about the word vaccine. | 我们需要改变我们对疫苗一词的看法。 |
| 34 | Yeah, that is crucial | 是啊,这是关键 |
| 35 | The article calls these new drugs cancer vaccines and this phrase just confuses almost everyone | 文章称这些新药癌疫苗 这句话让几乎所有人都困惑 |
| 36 | Because when you hear a vaccine you naturally think of prevention, right? | 因为当你听到疫苗的时候 你自然会想到预防,对吧? |
| 37 | You think about keeping healthy people safe | 你想着保护健康的人 |
| 38 | Exactly think about a flu shot or a measles vaccine | 想想流感疫苗或麻疹疫苗 |
| 39 | You are totally healthy when you get a flu shot, right? | 感冒时你完全健康 对吧? |
| 40 | Your body learns what the virus looks like | 你的身体知道病毒是什么样子的 |
| 41 | So if that virus ever tries to attack you your body is ready. | 如果病毒想攻击你 你的身体就准备好了 |
| 42 | The disease never even gets a chance to start | 疾病连开始的机会都没有 |
| 43 | So the traditional vaccine prevents the illness entirely. | 所以传统的疫苗可以完全预防疾病. |
| 44 | Yes. | 对 |
| 45 | Yeah, so when people hear cancer vaccine | 是啊,所以当人们听到癌症疫苗 |
| 46 | They ask a very logical question. | 他们问了一个非常合乎逻辑的问题。 |
| 47 | They say can I take a shot now to prevent cancer in the future? | 他们说我现在可以试一试 来预防未来的癌症吗? |
| 48 | But um, the article makes a very clear point here. | 但是,嗯,这篇文章在这里有一个非常明确的观点。 |
| 49 | These new drugs do not work like that at all. | 这些新药根本没用 |
| 50 | Not at all | 一点也不 |
| 51 | They are not for healthy people | 他们不适合健康的人 |
| 52 | So well who actually gets these vaccines? | 那么,谁得到了这些疫苗? |
| 53 | They are for patients who already have the disease | 是给已经患上这种疾病的病人的 |
| 54 | These are therapeutic vaccines meaning they are used as a treatment for active existing cancer | 这些是治疗性疫苗 也就是用来治疗活性癌症 |
| 55 | Or they can be used right after a patient has surgery, right? | 或者在病人动手术后就可以使用 对吧? |
| 56 | Let's say a doctor removes a large tumor | 假设医生能切除大瘤 |
| 57 | Yeah, the patient might seem technically clear of cancer | 对 病人可能从技术上看没有癌症 |
| 58 | But cancer is incredibly tricky tiny cells can hide deep in your body | 但癌症是令人难以置信的棘手小细胞 能够隐藏在体内深处 |
| 59 | So the vaccine hunts down those hiding cells exactly it prevents the cancer from coming back later | 所以疫苗能捕捉那些隐藏的细胞 防止癌症晚点复发 |
| 60 | So this goes back to our house analogy the traditional vaccine is a heavy lock on the front door | 这回我们家比喻 传统疫苗是门上的重锁 |
| 61 | It stops the thief from entering but with these new cancer drugs | 它阻止了小偷进入 但是这些新的癌症药物 |
| 62 | The thief is already inside your house, right? | 贼已经进你家了,对吧? |
| 63 | The lock on the door is useless now. | 门上的锁现在没用了 |
| 64 | You cannot prevent something that has already happened. | 你不能阻止已经发生的事情。 |
| 65 | You need to call a security team | 你要叫保安队来 |
| 66 | Yes | 对 |
| 67 | And this vaccine is that phone call? | 这个疫苗是电话吗? |
| 68 | It wakes up your body's own internal security team and that security team is made of immune cells, right? | 它唤醒了你的身体 自己的内部安全团队 安全团队是由免疫细胞组成的,对不对? |
| 69 | Specifically special cells called t cells the vaccine basically hands the t cells a wanted poster a wanted poster | 特别特别的细胞叫T细胞 疫苗基本上把T细胞 交给通缉海报 通缉海报 |
| 70 | I like that | 我喜欢这样 |
| 71 | It teaches them exactly how to find and destroy the cancer cells. | 它教他们如何找到并摧毁癌细胞 |
| 72 | Okay, so we are calling in this security team, but | 好吧,所以我们呼叫 这个安全小组,但 |
| 73 | How do we actually deliver that wanted poster? | 我们该怎么发那张海报? |
| 74 | How do we give the instructions to the cells? | 我们如何给细胞指示? |
| 75 | That delivery system brings us to the technology inside the drugs we need to talk about RNA | 那个送货系统带我们到了 药物内部的技术 我们需要谈谈RNA |
| 76 | RNA is a huge topic in medicine right now. | RNA是医学的一个大课题 |
| 77 | It really is to understand it | 这真的是去理解它 |
| 78 | Think of your body as a giant construction site. | 把你的身体当成一个巨大的建筑工地. |
| 79 | Your dna is the master blueprint for everything | 你的DNA是万物的蓝图 |
| 80 | But that blueprint is locked in the main office, right? | 但蓝图是锁在主办公室的,对吧? |
| 81 | Exactly. | 没错 |
| 82 | You cannot easily move the master blueprint. | 你不能轻易地移动主蓝图。 |
| 83 | It has to stay safe. | 它必须保持安全。 |
| 84 | So | 这么说 |
| 85 | Your body uses a messenger | 你的身体使用信使 |
| 86 | And that messenger is rna. | 那个信使就是Rna. |
| 87 | Yes | 对 |
| 88 | It copies just one small page from the master blueprint it carries those specific instructions out to the workers | 它只复制了一张小页 从主蓝图 它带这些 具体指示给工人 |
| 89 | And then the workers read the rna and build whatever the body needs, right? | 然后工人们读了Rna 建造身体需要的,对不对? |
| 90 | Recently two large us companies had huge success with this idea | 最近我们两家大公司 都非常成功 |
| 91 | Moderna and merc no end of them. | 现代和商号没有结束 |
| 92 | Yeah, they created an experimental cancer vaccine using m rna | 是的,他们创造了一种实验性癌症疫苗 使用m Rna |
| 93 | The m stands for messenger their treatment has a pretty complex name, right? | m代表信使 他们的治疗有一个相当复杂的名称,对不对? |
| 94 | Intisamaran intisamaran autogene. | 因提萨马兰因提萨马兰自动机. |
| 95 | Yeah, there's a mouthful but the science behind it is clear | 是啊,有口风 但背后的科学是明确的 |
| 96 | It uses m rna to trigger a strong immune response against cancer and the results were stunning | 它利用m rna 引发强烈的癌症免疫反应 结果惊人 |
| 97 | They tested this m rna drug on melanoma, which is a very dangerous skin cancer | 他们在黑色素瘤上检测了这种mrna药物, 这是一种非常危险的皮肤癌。 |
| 98 | It is the text states that their treatment cut the risk of death by 42 | 文中说,他们的治疗将死亡风险减少了42人。 |
| 99 | It also cut the risk of the skin cancer returning by 42. | 它还将皮肤癌复发的风险降低了42. |
| 100 | I mean in the cancer world a 42 drop is a massive breakthrough | 我的意思是,在癌症世界,42滴是一个巨大的突破 |
| 101 | It proves that rna technology can really fight cancer | 这证明Rna技术真的能对抗癌症 |
| 102 | It absolutely does and this sets the stage for our hong kong company sequencia, right? | 这绝对是,这为我们的鸿歌公司 sequencia创造了条件,对不对? |
| 103 | They saw this success | 他们看到了这个成功 |
| 104 | But they wanted to make the technology even better | 但是他们想让技术更好 |
| 105 | They are not using regular m rna. | 他们没有使用正常的mrna。 |
| 106 | No, they are using something called circular rna, which is a major upgrade | 不,他们正在使用一个叫做循环Rna, 这是一个重大升级 |
| 107 | Yes, so the rna molecules are quite literally shaped into circles closed circles | 是的,所以rna分子 相当的字面化成圆圈 闭环 |
| 108 | Yes | 对 |
| 109 | The article says this circle shape makes the drug heartier like it makes the treatment stronger and it lasts longer inside the human body | 文章说,这个圆形的形状使药物更令人心动 就像它使治疗更坚固 并在人体中持续更长的时间 |
| 110 | Yeah, it really does. | 是的,它确实如此。 |
| 111 | Oh, let me guess why the shape matters | 哦,让我猜猜为什么形状很重要 |
| 112 | Does the circle help the medicine travel through the blood faster? | 圆圈能帮助药物更快地穿过血液吗? |
| 113 | Well, no, it is not about speed | 不,不是速度问题 |
| 114 | It is actually about survival survival. | 它实际上是关于生存。 |
| 115 | Yeah, your cells have natural defense systems built in | 是的 你的细胞有天然防御系统 |
| 116 | Think of these defenses as tiny chemical scissors. | 把这些防御工事当成细小的化学剪刀. |
| 117 | They are enzymes floating around in your body | 它们在你体内漂浮着的酶 |
| 118 | Okay, so there are tiny scissors that cut up foreign things | 好吧,所以有小剪刀 切外国的东西 |
| 119 | To protect us from viruses. | 保护我们免受病毒的感染 |
| 120 | Yes, but these scissors have a very specific rule. | 是的,但这些剪刀有一个非常具体的规则。 |
| 121 | They look for loose ends | 他们在找些松散的结局 |
| 122 | Oh, I see and regular m rna is like a straight piece of string. | 哦,我看到和常规 m Rna 是一个直的一串。 |
| 123 | Exactly | 没错 |
| 124 | It has two loose ends when the scissors find those ends they start cutting so the straight string gets frayed | 剪刀找到它们开始剪的端子 直线绳子就被撕裂了 |
| 125 | The tiny scissors destroy the regular m rna very quickly. | 小剪刀会很快破坏正常的mrna. |
| 126 | It breaks down fast | 它会很快崩溃的 |
| 127 | The body destroys the instructions before the t cells can fully read them | 尸体在T细胞完全读完之前就摧毁了指示 |
| 128 | But circular rna is totally different because a circle has no ends. | 但圆形Rna完全不同,因为圆形没有终点. |
| 129 | It is like a rubber band. | 这就像一个橡皮筋。 |
| 130 | Exactly | 没错 |
| 131 | There is no place for the chemical scissors to start cutting the closed loop protects the instructions | 化学剪刀没有地方开始剪断闭环 保护指令 |
| 132 | So it is much harder for the body to break it down, right? | 所以身体很难破解 对吧? |
| 133 | The rubber band survives longer inside the cell. | 胶带在细胞内存活的时间更长. |
| 134 | It gives the body much more time to read that wanted poster | 这让尸体有更多时间看那张通缉海报 |
| 135 | The t cells get better training. | T细胞得到更好的训练。 |
| 136 | Wow. | 珃 |
| 137 | That is a brilliant structural upgrade. | 这是一个辉煌的结构升级。 |
| 138 | It is | 没错 |
| 139 | But sequential has a second bigger goal here, too | 但相继有第二个更大的目标 |
| 140 | The stronger shape is just the start their main goal is actually about accessibility, right? | 强壮的形状只是开始 他们的主要目标其实是无障碍,对不对? |
| 141 | Yes, it is about who can get the drug and how fast they can get it | 是的,这是关于谁可以得到药物, 他们能有多快得到药物 |
| 142 | The article talks about two different ways to make these drugs. | 文章讲述了制造这些药物的两种不同方式. |
| 143 | One method is personalized | 一种方法是个性化 |
| 144 | The other method is off the shelf, right? | 另一种方法是离架子的,对不对? |
| 145 | And the successful drugs from moderna and murk they use the personalized method. | 而来自现代和穆尔克的成功药物 他们使用个性化的方法。 |
| 146 | So | 这么说 |
| 147 | Personalized means doctors custom make the vaccine. | 个性化是指医生定制疫苗. |
| 148 | Yeah, they build a unique drug for each patient specific tumor | 对,他们为每个病人的肿瘤 制造一种独特的药物 |
| 149 | The medicine is tailored exactly to your unique biology. | 这药完全适合你独特的生物学 |
| 150 | Hold on | 坚持住 |
| 151 | Stop right there | 别动 |
| 152 | Everything we hear about modern medicine is like personalized care | 我们听到的关于现代医学的一切 就像个性化的护理 |
| 153 | Sure, it sounds great if I am fighting a serious disease. | 当然,如果我在对抗一种严重的疾病,听起来很好。 |
| 154 | I want the drug made specifically for my dna | 我要特别为我Dna做的药 |
| 155 | Why would we ever want to go backward? | 我们为什么要往后走? |
| 156 | Why is an off-the-shelf treatment better in theory custom medicine sounds perfect? | 为什么一种现成的治疗在理论上更好 习惯医学听起来很完美? |
| 157 | But think about the reality of fighting cancer. | 但想想对抗癌症的现实. |
| 158 | Okay cancer grows fast time is your absolute biggest enemy | 好吧,癌症增长很快 时间是你最大的敌人 |
| 159 | You cannot wait around you need treatment immediately, right? | 你不能在周围等,你需要立即治疗,对不对? |
| 160 | Let us walk through how custom medicine actually works first | 我们先走过定制医学的实际作用 |
| 161 | A doctor has to do a biopsy. | 医生必须做活检 |
| 162 | They surgically remove a small piece of your active tumor | 他们手术取出你活性肿瘤的小块 |
| 163 | Then they put that piece of tissue in a box, right and they ship it to a highly specialized lab an expensive lab. | 然后他们把那块组织放进盒子里, 把它运到一个高度专业化的实验室 一个昂贵的实验室。 |
| 164 | Yes | 对 |
| 165 | Scientists there must study your tumor closely. | 那里的科学家必须仔细研究你的肿瘤 |
| 166 | They sequence its unique genetic code | 它们会排列其独特的基因密码 |
| 167 | They have to figure out the exact instructions needed for your specific cancer | 他们得找出你癌症的准确指示 |
| 168 | Then they literally build a brand new drug from scratch they make a single batch just for you | 然后他们从头开始制造一种全新的药物 他们只为你生产一批 |
| 169 | Wow | 哗 |
| 170 | And this entire process takes weeks, doesn't it? | 整个过程需要几周,不是吗? |
| 171 | Sometimes it takes months | 有时要花几个月 |
| 172 | And during all that waiting time the cancer is still growing inside you | 在等待期间 癌症仍在你体内生长 |
| 173 | That is terrifying | 这太可怕了 |
| 174 | And think about the scale | 考虑一下天平 |
| 175 | It is nearly impossible to do this for thousands of patients. | 对成千上万的病人来说几乎不可能做到这一点。 |
| 176 | There are just not enough special labs in the world | 世界上没有足够的特殊实验室 |
| 177 | The cost is enormous | 代价是巨大的 |
| 178 | That is the problem sequentia wants to solve they are developing an off-the-shelf treatment that is not personalized, right? | 这就是Sequentia想要解决的问题 他们正在开发一种现成的治疗 而不是个性化,对不对? |
| 179 | Let us define off the shelf clearly. | 让我们从架子上清楚界定。 |
| 180 | It means the drug is already manufactured. | 意思是药物已经制造好了 |
| 181 | It is completely finished | 完结了 |
| 182 | So it is made in massive batches at a normal factory | 所以它是在普通工厂 大量制造的 |
| 183 | Then it is shipped out to regular hospitals. | 然后运往正规医院。 |
| 184 | Yes | 对 |
| 185 | It simply sits on a shelf in a hospital refrigerator | 它只是坐在医院冰箱里的架子上 |
| 186 | Uh doctor diagnoses you on monday on tuesday. | 医生在周二的周一诊断你 |
| 187 | They just open the fridge and they give you the drug immediately | 他们打开冰箱,马上给你药 |
| 188 | There is zero waiting time | 等待时间为零 |
| 189 | It removes the need for special labs for every single person it lowers the cost | 这可以消除每个降低成本的人对特殊实验室的需求 |
| 190 | And most importantly it saves critical weeks of time many more patients can actually access the care | 最重要的是,它节省了关键的几周时间 更多的病人可以实际得到治疗 |
| 191 | Okay, so we have a drug that survives longer because it is a circle | 好吧,所以我们有一个药物 生存的时间更长,因为它是一个圆 |
| 192 | And it reaches patients faster because it is off the shelf | 因为它离架子更远 |
| 193 | but um | 不过 |
| 194 | How well does it actually work in practice? | 在实践中实际效果如何? |
| 195 | To answer that we have to look at the first specific drug sequentio tested. | 回答说,我们必须检查第一个具体的药物后续测试。 |
| 196 | The drug is named ckls 118 | 该药物命名为ckls 118 |
| 197 | But the researchers did not test this new drug alone, did they? | 但是研究者们不是单独测试这种新药的,是吗? |
| 198 | No, they tested it alongside another type of cancer treatment a drug called a pd1 inhibitor. | 不,他们测试它与另一种癌症治疗 一种叫做pd1抑制剂的药物。 |
| 199 | We really need to explain this clearly | 我們真的需要解釋清楚 |
| 200 | What exactly is a pd1 inhibitor? | 什么是PD1抑制剂? |
| 201 | Well, we first need to understand how cancer survives in the body cancer cells are very deceptive | 我们首先需要了解 癌症是如何在人体癌细胞中存活的 非常欺骗 |
| 202 | They wear a disguise a disguise. | 他们戴着伪装的面具 |
| 203 | Yeah, they basically hold up a fake id badge to your immune system | 是啊,他们基本上 持有假身份徽章 你的免疫系统 |
| 204 | And the t cells are the security guards. | 而T细胞是保安. |
| 205 | They patrol the body | 他们巡视尸体 |
| 206 | Looking for trouble, right? | 找麻烦,对吧? |
| 207 | And they carry scanners to read those id badges that scanner on the t cell is called the pd1 receptor. | 他们携带扫描仪来读取那些在T细胞上的扫描仪称为pd1受体的ID徽章. |
| 208 | Okay | 还好 |
| 209 | So when a t cell meets a cancer cell | 所以当T细胞遇到癌症细胞时 |
| 210 | The cancer cell shows the fake id | 癌细胞显示假身份 |
| 211 | And the pd1 scanner reads it | PD1扫描仪读了 |
| 212 | Exactly | 没错 |
| 213 | The fake id tells the t cell to stand down. | 假的ID告诉T细胞退下. |
| 214 | It says do not attack me. | 上面说不要攻击我 |
| 215 | I am just a normal healthy cell | 我只是一个正常的健康细胞 |
| 216 | So the scanner turns the immune system off. | 所以扫描仪关闭了免疫系统 |
| 217 | Yes | 对 |
| 218 | So a pd1 inhibitor is a drug that blocks that scanner. | 所以pd1抑制剂是一种阻断扫描仪的药物. |
| 219 | It covers up the pd1 receptor on the t cell. | 它覆盖了t细胞上的pd1受体. |
| 220 | Oh, I get it | 哦,我明白这话 |
| 221 | The t cell can no longer read the fake id the cancer's disguise is ruined | T细胞再也无法读到假ID 癌症的伪装就毁了 |
| 222 | The immune system can suddenly see the threat clearly | 免疫系统会突然看到威胁 |
| 223 | So doctors tested this pd1 inhibitor alone first and the article notes it slowed tumor growth by up to 68.6 | 医生首先测试了这个pd1抑制剂 文章指出它使肿瘤生长减慢了68.6倍 |
| 224 | That is a very solid result for one drug. | 对于一种药物来说,这是一个非常可靠的结果。 |
| 225 | It is | 没错 |
| 226 | But then they added the new circular rna vaccine. | 但后来他们又加入了新的循环Rna疫苗. |
| 227 | They used ck ls 118 and the pd1 inhibitor together | 他们用ck 118和pd1抑制剂一起 |
| 228 | And the results jumped significantly | 结果大大的跳过了 |
| 229 | Together the two drugs slowed tumor growth by up to 88.9 percent. | 这两种药物加在一起使肿瘤生长减慢了88.9%。 |
| 230 | That is a huge leap in effectiveness | 这是一个巨大的飞跃 效力 |
| 231 | It really highlights the incredible power of combination therapy | 它真的凸显了 不可思议的力量 组合疗法 |
| 232 | The two treatments support each other perfectly think of it like driving a car | 两种治疗方法相互支持 就像开车一样 |
| 233 | The pd1 inhibitor cuts the brakes on the immune system | PD1抑制器切断了免疫系统的刹车 |
| 234 | Right, it stops the cancer from hiding but cutting the brakes is not always enough | 是的,它阻止了癌症的隐藏,但切断刹车并不总是足够的 |
| 235 | You also need to move forward and that is where the rna vaccine comes in the vaccine presses the gas pedal | 你也要向前走 那就是疫苗中 注射Rna疫苗的地方 |
| 236 | Yes, it actively tells the t cells to attack the target | 是的,它积极告诉T细胞攻击目标 |
| 237 | You cut the brakes you press the gas pedal and you win the race | 你按油门刹车 就能赢得比赛 |
| 238 | The t work is powerful. | T的工作是强大的。 |
| 239 | It really is but sequincio has a second drug in early development, too | 不过Sequincio也有另一种药物在早期发展 |
| 240 | Really? | 真的吗? |
| 241 | Yeah, and this second drug is designed to do all the heavy lifting completely by itself | 是啊,这第二种药物 设计的所有举重 完全自己 |
| 242 | This drug is named ck ls 202, right? | 这药叫ck202,对吧? |
| 243 | It is fascinating because it performs two different jobs at the exact same time. | 令人着迷的是,它同时履行两种不同的工作。 |
| 244 | Yes | 对 |
| 245 | First the drug targets a very specific marker on the cancer cells. | 首先药物针对的是癌细胞上一个非常具体的标记. |
| 246 | This cancer marker is known as preme | 这个癌症标记叫做预兆 |
| 247 | We should probably define what a cancer marker is. | 我们也许应该确定什么是癌症标记。 |
| 248 | It is like a specific protein | 这就像一个特定的蛋白质 |
| 249 | Think of it as a molecular homing beacon. | 把它当成一个分子引导灯塔 |
| 250 | That is a great way to put it. | 说来话长 |
| 251 | It is a unique signal | 这是一个独特的信号 |
| 252 | This preme beacon only exists on the cancer cells. | 这个预兆只存在于癌细胞上 |
| 253 | It does not exist on healthy tissue at all. | 它根本不存在于健康组织上。 |
| 254 | No | 没有 |
| 255 | So the drug works like a guided missile it homes in on that preme beacon. | 因此,药物的工作 像导引导弹 它寄居在前兆灯塔上。 |
| 256 | So it finds the cancer perfectly | 所以它发现癌症是完美的 |
| 257 | But it does a second job too. | 但它做第二个工作。 |
| 258 | It blocks the pd1 scanner at the same time | 同时屏蔽PD1扫描仪 |
| 259 | Exactly, it finds the dangerous cell and it rips away the cancer's fake id badge simultaneously | 没错,它发现了危险的细胞 并同时撕开癌症的假身份徽章 |
| 260 | It combines the gas pedal and the cut breaks into one single medicine. | 它结合了气体踏板和切片破解成单一的药物. |
| 261 | That's wild | 这太疯狂了 |
| 262 | It has the power of teamwork, but packed into one off-the-shelf drug | 它有团队合作的力量, 但包装成一个现成的药物 |
| 263 | And they tested this drug in early lab tests | 他们在早期的实验室测试中测试了这种药物 |
| 264 | Right. | 对 |
| 265 | These are known as preclinical trials. | 这些被称为临床前试验. |
| 266 | Yes | 对 |
| 267 | The early results were very strong. | 早期的结果非常强烈. |
| 268 | This single drug stopped tumor growth by 65 | 这种单一药物使肿瘤生长停止了65年 |
| 269 | And it achieved this working entirely alone, right? | 它实现了这个工作 完全单独,对不对? |
| 270 | Melvinto is the chief scientific officer at Sequencio. | 梅尔文托是塞肯西奥的首席科学官. |
| 271 | He released a statement about this research | 他发表了一篇关于这个研究的声明 |
| 272 | He called these findings encouraging results | 他称这些结果令人鼓舞。 |
| 273 | He believes the data strongly supports moving to the next stage, which means testing the drugs in human clinical trials | 他认为数据有力地支持了转移到下一阶段,这意味着在人体临床试验中测试药物. |
| 274 | This is a crucial point for anyone following medical news. | 这是任何关注医疗新闻的人的关键所在。 |
| 275 | We must explain why human trials are the ultimate test | 我们必须解释为什么人类审判是终极考验 |
| 276 | Yeah early lab tests prove the idea works in a controlled setting like preclinical tests usually happen in a plastic dish | 是啊,早期的实验室测试 证明这个想法在控制环境下工作 像临床前的测试 通常发生在塑料盘 |
| 277 | Or in simple animal models. | 或者简单的动物模型 |
| 278 | It is a very controlled environment. | 这是一个非常受控制的环境。 |
| 279 | You can control exactly how much drug meets the cell | 你可以控制多少药物与细胞相会 |
| 280 | But the human body is not a plastic dish. | 但人体不是塑料盘. |
| 281 | It is a chaotic complex place. | 这是一个混乱的复杂地方。 |
| 282 | Absolutely | 当然 |
| 283 | There are millions of chemical reactions happening every single second. | 每秒都有数百万的化学反应发生. |
| 284 | A drug might look perfect in a lab | 实验室里的药物可能很完美 |
| 285 | But when you put it in a real human | 但当你把它放在一个真正的人 |
| 286 | The blood might wash it away too fast | 血会冲得太快 |
| 287 | Or the liver might break it down incorrectly or it might cause a strange reaction with another organ | 或者肝脏可能会不正确分解 也可能引起另一器官的奇怪反应 |
| 288 | Human trials are the only way to know the truth | 人类审判是了解真相的唯一途径 |
| 289 | They tell us that the drug is truly safe and effective for real patients | 他们告诉我们,这种药物对真正的病人是真正安全有效的 |
| 290 | The transition from lab to humans is difficult, but the early signs here are extremely positive | 从实验室到人类的过渡很困难 但这里的早期迹象非常积极 |
| 291 | And the financial world certainly agrees | 金融界当然同意 |
| 292 | After this research news came out investors reacted quickly | 调查消息传出后 投资者反应迅速 |
| 293 | Shares in the parent company ck life sciences gained 9.1 percent of the stock market a jump like that shows | 母公司Ck生命科学的股权 在股市中获得了9.1%的股权 |
| 294 | Clear excitement the market sees real potential in off-the-shelf circular rna | 明目张胆的刺激 市场看到真正的潜力 在现成的循环rna |
| 295 | We have covered a huge amount of ground today. | 我们今天覆盖了大量地面。 |
| 296 | We looked at complicated biology and new factory methods | 我们研究了复杂的生物学和新的工厂方法 |
| 297 | But we always wanted to bring it back to you the listener. | 但我们一直想把它带回给你的听众。 |
| 298 | Yeah | 对 |
| 299 | Why should you care about a presentation happening at a conference in arizona? | 你为什么关心在亚利桑那会议上的演讲? |
| 300 | Because cancer is a reality that touches almost every single family. | 因为癌症是一个现实,几乎每个家庭都受到它的影响。 |
| 301 | We all want better smarter ways to fight this disease | 我们都想用更聪明的方法来对抗这种疾病 |
| 302 | We want treatments that do not destroy the body in the process and this research shows us a very hopeful path | 我们希望治疗不破坏身体 在这个过程中, 这项研究告诉我们一个非常有希望的道路 |
| 303 | The cancer treatments of tomorrow might be far more effective | 明天的癌症治疗可能更有效 |
| 304 | They will use your body's own security team | 他们会用你自己的保安队 |
| 305 | But the biggest takeaway is accessibility | 但最大的外卖是无障碍 |
| 306 | The idea of off-the-shelf medicine changes the game entirely it really does | 现成药的想法完全改变了游戏 |
| 307 | It removes the massive barriers of waiting times and expensive custom labs. | 它消除了等待时间和昂贵的定制实验室的巨大障碍. |
| 308 | It gives precious time back to the patient | 给病人宝贵的时间 |
| 309 | Before we wrap up I want to leave you with a final thought something to mull over as you go about your day | 在我们结束之前 我想给你留下一个最后的想法 来考虑一下你的一天 |
| 310 | Think about the global impact of this technology. | 想想这种技术的全球影响. |
| 311 | Yeah, think beyond the major wealthy hospitals in big cities | 是啊,想想在大城市的主要富裕医院之外 |
| 312 | Exactly, if these off-the-shelf circular rna vaccines pass human trials imagine the future | 没错,如果这些现成的循环Rna疫苗 通过人类试验 想象未来 |
| 313 | We could see advanced highly effective cancer treatments shipped easily around the entire globe | 我们可以看到先进的高效的癌症治疗 很容易在全球传播 |
| 314 | They could just sit in normal refrigerators and rural local hospitals | 他们可以坐在普通的冰箱 和当地的农村医院 |
| 315 | Doctors in remote areas would not need a multi-million dollar genetic lab. | 偏远地区的医生不需要数百万美元的基因实验室。 |
| 316 | They would not have to make patients wait weeks for a custom drug | 他们不用让病人等几周药 |
| 317 | Remember that elite security team we talked about the team that chases the thief out of your house | 记得那个精锐的保安队 我们谈过那个把小偷赶出你家的队伍 |
| 318 | The t-cells activated by the rna. | rna激活的T细胞. |
| 319 | Yes | 对 |
| 320 | We might soon be able to ship the instructions for that elite security team anywhere in the world | 我们可能很快就能把指示 送到世界任何地方 |
| 321 | A doctor could hand it to a patient on day one | 第一天医生可以交给病人 |
| 322 | How much would that change global health? | 这将改变全球健康多少? |
| 323 | How many lives could we save simply by saving time? | 我们只要节省时间就能拯救多少生命? |
| 324 | It is an incredible possibility | 这是不可思议的可能性 |
| 325 | Besides is moving very fast. | 况且动得很快 |
| 326 | It really is | 痷 |
| 327 | Thank you for joining us for this deep dive into the future of medicine. | 感谢您与我们一起 深入到医学的未来 |
| 328 | We will see you next time | 下次见 |
| 329 | It is an incredible possibility besides is moving very fast. It really is | 这是不可思议的可能性 此外,移动非常快。 痷 |
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