为什么越努力越穷？TED演讲：隐藏在你工资单里的民主危机…
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:06 | 250 years ago, just under a mile from here, | 250年前 离这里不到一英里 |
| 0:11 | Thomas Jefferson wrote one of the most consequential documents | 托马斯·杰斐逊写了一篇最有影响的文件 |
| 0:16 | in American history. | 在美国历史上。 |
| 0:18 | Now, the Declaration of Independence wasn't perfect. | 现在,独立宣言并不完美. |
| 0:23 | Just like the guy who wrote it and the country it created | 就像写它的人 和它创造的国家 |
| 0:26 | weren't perfect either. | 也不是完美无缺的 |
| 0:28 | But it set us on this path, right? | 但它使我们走上了这条道路,对不对? |
| 0:31 | This beautiful, audacious, complicated path | 这条美丽、大胆、复杂的道路 |
| 0:36 | that's still evolving. | 还在演化中 |
| 0:40 | And the Declaration of Independence still gives me chills. | 独立宣言仍然让我心寒 |
展开字幕全文（267 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 250 years ago, just under a mile from here, | 250年前 离这里不到一英里 |
| 2 | Thomas Jefferson wrote one of the most consequential documents | 托马斯·杰斐逊写了一篇最有影响的文件 |
| 3 | in American history. | 在美国历史上。 |
| 4 | Now, the Declaration of Independence wasn't perfect. | 现在,独立宣言并不完美. |
| 5 | Just like the guy who wrote it and the country it created | 就像写它的人 和它创造的国家 |
| 6 | weren't perfect either. | 也不是完美无缺的 |
| 7 | But it set us on this path, right? | 但它使我们走上了这条道路,对不对? |
| 8 | This beautiful, audacious, complicated path | 这条美丽、大胆、复杂的道路 |
| 9 | that's still evolving. | 还在演化中 |
| 10 | And the Declaration of Independence still gives me chills. | 独立宣言仍然让我心寒 |
| 11 | We hold these truths to be self-evident | 我们认为这些事实是不言自明的 |
| 12 | that all are created equal, that they are endowed | 人人被创造平等,他们被创造; |
| 13 | with certain unalienable rights, and that among these | 享有某些不可剥夺的权利, |
| 14 | are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. | 生活、自由和追求幸福 |
| 15 | It's good, right? | 不错吧? |
| 16 | Did you get chills? | 你冷吗? |
| 17 | I mean, yeah, I changed a little, okay, from all men | 我的意思是,是的,我改变了一点,好吧,从所有的男人 |
| 18 | are created equal to all are created equal | 创造与人人平等 创造与平等 |
| 19 | because it makes it better, right? | 因为这样会更好,对吧? |
| 20 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
| 21 | And that's the point I want to talk with you about today, | 今天我想和你谈谈这个 |
| 22 | that to live up to its promise, we have evolved democracy | 为了兑现诺言,我们发展了民主 |
| 23 | in the past, and it needs to evolve again. | 过去,它需要再进化。 |
| 24 | Not only so that we can feel our votes count, | 不仅这样我们才能感觉到我们的选票数 |
| 25 | but so we can count democracy's real benefits | 但我们可以数民主的真正好处 |
| 26 | in our lives, including in our wallets. | 我们的生活,包括我们的钱包。 |
| 27 | So a couple of years ago, a philanthropic foundation | 几年前 一个慈善基金会 |
| 28 | in the United States asked me to do some research | 美国要求我做一些研究 |
| 29 | to find out why authoritarianism was gaining ground | 找出为什么专制主义越来越盛行 |
| 30 | around the globe. | 环绕全球 |
| 31 | So I interviewed civic leaders in West Africa | 所以我采访了西非的民间领袖 |
| 32 | and scholars in Eastern Europe and democracy leaders | 东欧学者和民主领袖 |
| 33 | in Latin America, and I asked them, | 在拉丁美洲,我问他们, |
| 34 | what's authoritarianism getting so right? | 什么是专制 得到如此正确? |
| 35 | These leaders that are pushing people | 这些领导人正在推动人们 |
| 36 | and places away from democracy, | 和远离民主的地方, |
| 37 | what are these authoritarians doing that's so effective? | 这些独裁者在做什么 如此有效? |
| 38 | And pretty much everyone I talked to | 和几乎所有我交谈过的人 |
| 39 | said I was asking the wrong question, | 说我问错了问题 |
| 40 | that authoritarianism wasn't surging | 那种专制主义并没有兴起 |
| 41 | because of anything it was doing right, | 因为它所做的一切正确, |
| 42 | but because of what democracy was getting wrong. | 但因为民主正在变得错误。 |
| 43 | That stopped me in my tracks. | 这让我在跟踪。 |
| 44 | The way they put it, authoritarianism was like | 他们这么说,专制主义就像 |
| 45 | an opportunistic disease that could only take root | 一种机会性疾病,只能根植 |
| 46 | when democracy was weak. | 当民主软弱的时候 |
| 47 | And in case you haven't been paying attention, | 如果你没注意的话 |
| 48 | democracy's kind of on life support. | 民主在维持生命 |
| 49 | So according to Freedom House, | 所以根据自由之家的说法 |
| 50 | only about 20% of the world's population | 只占世界人口的20% |
| 51 | lives in a country currently that can be considered free. | 居住在目前可被视为自由的国家。 |
| 52 | And dissatisfaction with democracy is rising worldwide | 全世界对民主的不满度不断上升 |
| 53 | in the US, for instance. | 例如在美国 |
| 54 | About three out of five Americans say | 大约五分之三的美国人说 |
| 55 | they are currently dissatisfied | 他们现在很不满 |
| 56 | with how democracy is working. | 民主是如何运作的。 |
| 57 | Why? | 为什么? |
| 58 | The answer came from a conversation I had | 答案来自我的谈话 |
| 59 | with Quasi Prempé. | 与准普伦佩. |
| 60 | So Quasi runs the Ghana Center for Democratic Development. | 因此卡西管理着加纳民主发展中心. |
| 61 | Now Ghana only won independence from colonial rule in 1957, | 现在加纳在1957年才从殖民统治中赢得独立, |
| 62 | so not that long ago, | 所以没多久 |
| 63 | but long enough that most people in Ghana today | 但足够长的今天加纳大多数人 |
| 64 | don't remember a time before democracy. | 不记得民主前的某个时候了 |
| 65 | But what they do know is that they're struggling | 但他们知道的是 他们正在挣扎 |
| 66 | economically right now under democracy. | 在经济上,现在在民主之下。 |
| 67 | And so as Quasi put it, | 正如卡西所说, |
| 68 | they very understandably ask, | 他们很明白地问, |
| 69 | what has democracy done for me lately? | 最近民主为我做了什么? |
| 70 | His point is that democracies | 他的观点是民主 |
| 71 | that do not deliver broad-based opportunity | 不提供基础广泛的机会 |
| 72 | are vulnerable to autocratic capture. | 很容易被专制的俘虏 |
| 73 | And research backs this up. | 研究支持了这一点。 |
| 74 | So Susan Stokes is a political science professor | 苏珊·斯托克斯是政治学教授 |
| 75 | at the University of Chicago. | 在芝加哥大学 |
| 76 | She has looked at variables | 她研究过变数 |
| 77 | for why democracy erodes in some countries, | 因为为什么一些国家的民主受到侵蚀, |
| 78 | but not others. | 但不是别人。 |
| 79 | Income inequality is the overwhelming variable | 收入不平等是压倒性变数 |
| 80 | in democratic backsliding, | 在民主的迷误中, |
| 81 | so much so that Stokes said, | 所以斯托克斯说, |
| 82 | short of unplugging their computers, | 连电脑都拔掉 |
| 83 | they couldn't make it go away. | 他们不能让它消失。 |
| 84 | Now I wanna be really clear about something. | 现在我想说清楚了 |
| 85 | In the richest country in the world, | 在世界上最富有的国家, |
| 86 | a country that boasts about being a land | 一个夸夸其谈的国家 |
| 87 | of opportunity for all, | 为所有人提供机会, |
| 88 | ensuring meaningful economic opportunity for all | 确保人人享有有意义的经济机会 |
| 89 | is the right thing to do. | 这样做是正确的。 |
| 90 | It is the moral thing to do, | 这是道德上的事情, |
| 91 | and that is enough of a reason to do it. | 这已经足够了 |
| 92 | And it's practical. | 且道实际. |
| 93 | Economic justice is how we save democracy. | 经济正义是我们拯救民主的方法。 |
| 94 | So I'm feeling like this might be | 所以,我觉得这可能是 |
| 95 | as much of a revelation to you as it was to me, | 你和我的启示一样多 |
| 96 | or at least it was maybe more of a revelation to me | 或至少这对我来说更是一个启示 |
| 97 | than it was to you. | 而不是对你 |
| 98 | Because we were used to, | 因为我们习惯了 |
| 99 | we have, for our 250 years, | 我们250年来 |
| 100 | thought of democracy and economic opportunity | 对民主和经济机会的思考 |
| 101 | as distinct and separate. | 与众不同 |
| 102 | I mean, obviously interrelated, | 我的意思是,显然相互关联, |
| 103 | and for many of us equally important, | 对我们许多同样重要的人来说, |
| 104 | but separate. | 但分开。 |
| 105 | They're not. | 他们不是。 |
| 106 | They're two sides of the same coin. | 二者两面同钱. |
| 107 | Because if democracy doesn't deliver | 因为如果民主不能带来 |
| 108 | meaningful economic opportunity, | 有意义的经济机会, |
| 109 | democracy starts to feel meaningless. | 民主开始感到毫无意义。 |
| 110 | And that makes authoritarianism | 这使得专制主义 |
| 111 | and other forms of government more attractive, | 以及其他更具吸引力的政府形式, |
| 112 | not in and of themselves, | 而不是他们自己, |
| 113 | but by default, | 但默认地, |
| 114 | because democracy is defaulting on its promise. | 因为民主没有兑现诺言。 |
| 115 | So I said before that we've evolved democracy in the past, | 所以我以前说过 我们过去发展了民主 |
| 116 | and it needs to evolve again. | 它需要再进化。 |
| 117 | I want us to think about democracy in phases. | 我希望我们分阶段考虑民主问题。 |
| 118 | Democracy 1.0 is that initial idea | 民主1.0就是这个初衷 |
| 119 | that the people should have the power in a political system. | 人民应该在政治制度中拥有权力。 |
| 120 | Not kings, not empires, not corporations. | 不是国王,也不是帝国,也不是公司。 |
| 121 | The people. | 众生. |
| 122 | It was a radical idea for its time. | 这在当时是一个激进的想法。 |
| 123 | Honestly, it's still really radical. | 老实说,它仍然非常激进。 |
| 124 | But as we know, and that was just the beginning, | 但正如我们所知 这只是开始 |
| 125 | democracy 2.0 is the phase where we expand | 民主2.0是我们扩展的阶段 |
| 126 | who is included in democracy, | 谁是被包括在民主中, |
| 127 | who gets to participate, who counts as the people. | 谁可以参与,谁算人民。 |
| 128 | In the United States, that process has been long. | 在美国,这一进程很长一段时间。 |
| 129 | It has taken generations of struggle. | 历经几代人的斗争。 |
| 130 | Abolition, suffrage, civil rights | 废除、选举、公民权利 |
| 131 | to make democracy more inclusive, | 使民主更具包容性, |
| 132 | to say that everyone gets an equal vote | 说每个人都有平等的投票权 |
| 133 | because everyone matters equally. | 因为每个人都一样重要 |
| 134 | The brilliant scholar Isabel Wilkerson argues that, | 杰出的学者伊莎贝尔·威尔克森认为, |
| 135 | in fact, the U.S. wasn't even really a democracy | 事实上,美国甚至不是一个真正的民主国家 |
| 136 | until 1965 when the Voting Rights Act became law. | 直至1965年《投票权法》成为法律。 |
| 137 | And ever since then, there has been an aggressive movement | 从那时起,就发生了侵略运动 |
| 138 | to roll back that progress. | 让进步倒退 |
| 139 | While we should be making more progress on democracy 2.0, | 虽然我们在民主方面应该取得更多进展2.0, |
| 140 | far-right extremists aided and abetted by the Supreme Court | 极右极端分子得到最高法院的协助和教唆 |
| 141 | have dismantled the Voting Rights Act | 废除了《投票权法》 |
| 142 | and are trying to take us backwards. | 并试图让我们倒退。 |
| 143 | So realistically, while it makes sense to question | 如此现实,虽然质疑是有道理的 |
| 144 | whether we even have a democracy | 我们是否拥有民主 |
| 145 | right now in the United States, | 现在在美国, |
| 146 | either way, we still tend to focus more | 不管怎么说,我们还是更专心 |
| 147 | on democracy as a process | 民主作为一个进程 |
| 148 | and not enough on what democracy produces | 民主产生的结果还不够 |
| 149 | on democratic outcomes. | 关于民主结果的报告。 |
| 150 | We think and argue and talk a lot | 我们经常思考和争论 |
| 151 | about who gets to be included in democracy, | 关于谁可以融入民主, |
| 152 | but not enough about why. | 但没有足够 关于为什么。 |
| 153 | Why do we have a democracy in the first place? | 为什么我们一开始就有民主? |
| 154 | Answering that question, defining the goal of democracy, | 回答这个问题,确定民主的目标, |
| 155 | that's democracy 3.0. | 这是民主3.0。 |
| 156 | Democracy 3.0 says that if all of us | 民主3.0说,如果我们所有人 |
| 157 | were truly created equal | 真正被创造的平等 |
| 158 | and if all of us truly get to participate equally, | 如果我们所有人都能平等地参与 |
| 159 | then the outcomes of our democracy | 民主的结果 |
| 160 | should be more equitable too, right? | 应该更公平,对不对? |
| 161 | More widely shared and benefiting everyone. | 更广泛地分享和惠及所有人。 |
| 162 | But, did you hear it coming? | 但是,你听见了吗? |
| 163 | Because there's a but. | 因为有一个但。 |
| 164 | In the US today, your zip code predicts your life expectancy, | 在今天的美国,你的拉链代码 预测你的预期寿命, |
| 165 | your race predicts your wealth, | 你的种族预测你的财富, |
| 166 | and your parents' income predicts your future. | 你父母的收入预测你的未来 |
| 167 | That ain't democratic. | 这不是民主。 |
| 168 | And it's getting worse. | 则病愈. |
| 169 | The top 1% of Americans control as much wealth | 美国前1%的人控制着财富 |
| 170 | as the entire bottom 90% of the country combined. | 作为全国90%的底层人口加起来。 |
| 171 | And according to one source, | 根据一个消息来源 |
| 172 | CEOs now make 281 times more than average workers. | 首席执行官现在比一般工人多281倍。 |
| 173 | 281 times more? | 281倍吗? |
| 174 | What the hell is wrong with us? | 我们到底怎么了? |
| 175 | Are CEOs 281 times more talented? | 首席执行官有281倍的才华吗? |
| 176 | Are they 281 times more deserving? | 281倍值得吗? |
| 177 | Are they 281 times harder working than the rest of us? | 他们比我们更努力吗? |
| 178 | Look, we can use the word democracy all we like, | 我们可以随便用民主这个词 |
| 179 | but let's be clear, | 但让我们说清楚, |
| 180 | we've really got more of an oligarchy, | 我们真的有点寡头倾向 |
| 181 | or a kleptocracy, | 或偷窃, |
| 182 | or maybe a monarchy where the kings are billionaires | 或者国王是亿万富翁的君主制 |
| 183 | and reality TV stars, or sometimes both. | 和现实电视明星, 或者有时两者兼有。 |
| 184 | Democracy means that the kids of house cleaners | 民主意味着家庭清洁工的孩子 |
| 185 | and mechanics have the same opportunities in life | 机械师在生活中拥有同样的机会 |
| 186 | as the kids of lawyers and tech execs. | 作为律师和技术执行员的孩子 |
| 187 | Democracy means that if you work hard, | 民主意味着如果你努力工作 |
| 188 | you can feed your family and afford a place to live. | 你可以养活你的家人 买得起住的地方 |
| 189 | Democracy means that power and profit | 民主意味着权力和利润 |
| 190 | are distributed democratically. | 以民主方式分发。 |
| 191 | That is democracy 3.0. | 这就是民主3.0。 |
| 192 | So for those who maybe didn't clap, | 所以对于那些也许没有鼓掌的人来说, |
| 193 | this may be the part in the talk | 这可能是谈话中的一部分 |
| 194 | where some of y'all are getting a little bit nervous. | 你们中有些人有点紧张 |
| 195 | You hear economic democracy, | 你听到经济民主, |
| 196 | and you think it means enforced sameness. | 你认为这意味着强制的相同。 |
| 197 | It does not. | 它没有。 |
| 198 | Democracy 3.0 doesn't mean everybody gets an equal house | 民主3.0并不意味着每个人都能得到一个平等的房子 |
| 199 | and an equal income and equal outcomes. | 收入平等,结果平等。 |
| 200 | Democracy 3.0 simply means | 民主3.0仅仅意味着 |
| 201 | that everyone gets an equal chance at the American dream. | 每个人在美国梦中都有同样的机会 |
| 202 | Are you with me? | 你明白吗? |
| 203 | Okay. | 摆 |
| 204 | So how do we actually get to democracy 3.0? | 那么我们怎样才能真正走向民主3.0? |
| 205 | Well, the first thing is a shift in mindset | 首先要改变心态 |
| 206 | to start seeing political democracy | 开始看到政治民主 |
| 207 | and economic democracy as mutually intertwined, | 与经济民主是相互关联的, |
| 208 | which means we need to advance economic justice, | 这意味着我们需要推进经济正义, |
| 209 | not only for basic fairness, right? | 不仅是基本的公平,对不对? |
| 210 | But because that's the way we strengthen democracy. | 但是因为这就是我们加强民主的方式. |
| 211 | And on a practical level, it means that, yeah, | 实际上,这意味着,是的, |
| 212 | to strengthen democracy, we need to restore | 为了加强民主,我们需要恢复 |
| 213 | and strengthen the Voting Rights Act, | 并加强《投票权法》, |
| 214 | but also we need to raise wages, | 但是我们需要提高工资, |
| 215 | and we need to get money out of politics, | 我们需要从政治中获取钱 |
| 216 | and we need to tax wealth more fairly. | 我们需要更公平地对财富征税。 |
| 217 | And democracy 3.0 means that just like voters | 民主3.0意味着选民 |
| 218 | should have equal voice and power, | 应该有平等的声音和权力, |
| 219 | workers should have equal voice and power, | 工人应有平等的发言权和权力, |
| 220 | and democracy at work means unions. | 民主意味着工会。 |
| 221 | In fact, the first wisp of democracy 3.0 | 事实上,民主的第一WISP 3.0 |
| 222 | was at the last turn of the century, | 在世纪末期, |
| 223 | the last time our country got fed up with extreme wealth | 上次我们国家受尽了极端的财富 |
| 224 | and extreme poverty. | 和极端贫困。 |
| 225 | That's why we created unions, | 这就是为什么我们创建工会, |
| 226 | which helped create the middle class. | 帮助创造了中产阶级。 |
| 227 | And then we created social safety net, | 然后我们建立了社会安全网, |
| 228 | things like social security and eventually Medicare, | 比如社会保障 最终是医疗保险 |
| 229 | taxing wealth to pay for programs | 征收财富税以支付方案费用 |
| 230 | that would prevent extreme poverty and suffering. | 防止极端贫困和苦难。 |
| 231 | We just need to do it again, plus do more. | 我们只需要再做一次,再加上做更多。 |
| 232 | Things like universal healthcare for all, | 像全民医保之类的事情 |
| 233 | and more democratic ways of owning businesses | 更民主的经营方式 |
| 234 | like employee ownership. | 像雇员所有权。 |
| 235 | And we need to make sure that new technologies | 我们需要确保新技术 |
| 236 | actually improve our lives instead of undermining them. | 而不是破坏我们的生活。 |
| 237 | Look, the threat to end our democracy | 你看,威胁结束我们的民主 |
| 238 | also contains within it an invitation to make it better, | 并在《古兰经》中邀请人们改善《古兰经》, |
| 239 | but our vision cannot be just to go back | 但我们的愿景不能只是回去 |
| 240 | to the way things were a few elections ago. | 和选举前一样 |
| 241 | We have a moral and practical imperative | 我们有道德和现实的要务 |
| 242 | to future-proof democracy by helping each other, | 通过互相帮助实现未来的民主, |
| 243 | by delivering real political voice | 通过表达真正的政治声音 |
| 244 | and real economic power to we, the people, all of us. | 和真正的经济力量 对我们,人民,我们所有人。 |
| 245 | Because if we don't, | 因为如果我们不这样做, |
| 246 | if democracy doesn't deliver broad-based opportunity, | 如果民主不能提供基础广泛的机会 |
| 247 | people will eventually trade it | 人们最终会把它换掉 |
| 248 | for something they think will. | 为了他们认为会做的事 |
| 249 | And history shows us what happens next. | 历史告诉我们接下来会发生什么。 |
| 250 | It's not good for any of us. | 这对我们任何人都不好。 |
| 251 | Democracy contains within it the tools for its own demise, | 民主在民主中包含着使民主灭亡的工具, |
| 252 | but also its renewal. | 但它的更新。 |
| 253 | But if we want a better country, a fairer country, | 但如果我们想要一个更好的国家 一个更公平的国家 |
| 254 | we're gonna have to fight for it. | 我们必须为此而奋斗。 |
| 255 | We, the people, demand that our politics and our economy | 我们人民要求我们的政治和经济 |
| 256 | work way better for us and everyone around us | 为我们和周围的所有人工作更好 |
| 257 | because democracy can be more than something | 因为民主可以不仅仅是什么 |
| 258 | we do every couple of years in a voting booth, | 我们每隔几年在投票亭里做一次 |
| 259 | but something we can eat and something we can live in | 但是我们可以吃的东西,我们可以生活的东西 |
| 260 | and something we can put in our pockets every single day. | 我们每天都可以把东西放进口袋里 |
| 261 | That is the only way we are gonna save ourselves, | 这是我们拯救自己的唯一方法, |
| 262 | our country, and the ideals we hold so dear. | 我们的国家和我们所珍视的理想 |
| 263 | Democracy 1.0 gives life to a radical idea. | 民主1.0赋予激进思想生命. |
| 264 | Democracy 2.0 expands liberty to more and more of us. | 民主2.0将自由扩展到越来越多的我们。 |
| 265 | Democracy 3.0 can make the pursuit of happiness possible | 民主3.0可以实现追求幸福 |
| 266 | for all. | 为所有人。 |
| 267 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
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