TED演讲：你的情绪如何改变心脏的形状
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:04 | No other organ, perhaps no other object, in human life is as imbued with metaphor and | 在人类生活中,没有其他器官,也许没有其他物体像隐喻一样充满了比喻, |
| 0:12 | meaning as the human heart. | 意为人心. |
| 0:15 | Over the course of history, the heart has been a symbol of our emotional lives. | 在历史上,心一直是我们情感生活的象征. |
| 0:20 | It was considered by many to be the seat of the soul, the repository of the emotions. | 它被许多人认为是灵魂的所在地,是情感的存放地. |
| 0:26 | The very word emotion stems in part from the French verb émouvoir, meaning to stir up. | 情绪一词部分源于法语动词émouvoir,意为搅动. |
| 0:35 | And perhaps it's only logical that emotions would be linked to an organ characterized | 也许把情感和器官联系起来是合乎逻辑的 |
| 0:40 | by its agitated movement. | 由它的躁动运动。 |
| 0:43 | But what is this link? | 但这是什么联系? |
| 0:45 | Is it real or purely metaphorical? | 是真实的还是纯粹的隐喻的? |
| 0:49 | As a heart specialist, I'm here today to tell you that this link is very real. | 作为心脏专家,我今天在这里告诉你这个联系是非常真实的. |
展开字幕全文（176 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | No other organ, perhaps no other object, in human life is as imbued with metaphor and | 在人类生活中,没有其他器官,也许没有其他物体像隐喻一样充满了比喻, |
| 2 | meaning as the human heart. | 意为人心. |
| 3 | Over the course of history, the heart has been a symbol of our emotional lives. | 在历史上,心一直是我们情感生活的象征. |
| 4 | It was considered by many to be the seat of the soul, the repository of the emotions. | 它被许多人认为是灵魂的所在地,是情感的存放地. |
| 5 | The very word emotion stems in part from the French verb émouvoir, meaning to stir up. | 情绪一词部分源于法语动词émouvoir,意为搅动. |
| 6 | And perhaps it's only logical that emotions would be linked to an organ characterized | 也许把情感和器官联系起来是合乎逻辑的 |
| 7 | by its agitated movement. | 由它的躁动运动。 |
| 8 | But what is this link? | 但这是什么联系? |
| 9 | Is it real or purely metaphorical? | 是真实的还是纯粹的隐喻的? |
| 10 | As a heart specialist, I'm here today to tell you that this link is very real. | 作为心脏专家,我今天在这里告诉你这个联系是非常真实的. |
| 11 | Emotions you will learn can and do have a direct physical effect on the human heart. | 你会学会的情感能够并且确实对人类的心脏有直接的身体影响. |
| 12 | But before we get into this, let's talk a bit about the metaphorical heart. | 但是,在我们进入这个过程之前,让我们来谈谈隐喻的心. |
| 13 | The symbolism of the emotional heart endures even today. | 情感心脏的象征意义甚至延续至今. |
| 14 | If we ask people which image they most associate with love, there's no question that the | 如果我们问人们 他们最喜欢的什么形象 |
| 15 | valentine heart would top the list. | 情人节的心会排在首位 |
| 16 | The heart shape, called a cardioid, is common in nature. | 心形,称为心形,在自然界中是常见的. |
| 17 | It's found in the leaves, flowers and seeds of many plants, including silphium, which | 分布于许多植物的叶片,花朵以及种子中,包括il等. |
| 18 | was used for birth control in the Middle Ages and perhaps is the reason why the heart became | 在中世纪用于节育 也许是心脏变成 |
| 19 | associated with sex and romantic love. | 性爱和浪漫的爱情 |
| 20 | Whatever the reason, hearts began to appear in paintings of lovers in the 13th century. | 无论什么原因,在13世纪的情侣画中开始出现心灵. |
| 21 | Over time, the pictures came to be colored red, the color of blood, a symbol of passion. | 随着时间的推移,这些图片呈现出红色,血色,是激情的象征. |
| 22 | In the Roman Catholic Church, the heart shape became known as the sacred heart of Jesus. | 在罗马天主教会中,心形被称为耶稣的神圣心脏. |
| 23 | Adorned with thorns and emitting ethereal light, it became an insignia of monastic love. | 以荆棘和散发的光芒为标志,成为僧侣爱情的标志. |
| 24 | This association between the heart and love has withstood modernity. | 心灵和爱之间的这种联系 已经过时了 |
| 25 | When Barney Clark, a retired dentist with end-stage heart failure, received the first | 当Barney Clark, 一个退休的牙医, 末期心脏衰竭, |
| 26 | permanent artificial heart in Utah in 1982, his wife of 39 years reportedly asked the | 1982年在犹他州的永久人工心脏 据报道他39岁的妻子问 |
| 27 | doctors, will he still be able to love me? | 医生,他还能爱我吗? |
| 28 | Today we know that the heart is not the source of love or the other emotions per se. | 今天,我们知道,心灵不是爱或其他情绪的源泉。 |
| 29 | The ancients were mistaken, and yet more and more we have come to understand that the connection | 古人弄错了,然而我们越来越明白 |
| 30 | between the heart and the emotions is a highly intimate one. | 心灵和情感之间是高度亲密的 |
| 31 | The heart may not originate our feelings, but it is highly responsive to them. | 心可能不是我们感情的发源地,而是对感情的强烈反应。 |
| 32 | In a sense, a record of our emotional life is written on our hearts. | 从某种意义上讲,我们的情感生活记录就写在我们的心中. |
| 33 | Fear and grief, for example, can cause profound cardiac injury. | 例如,恐惧和悲伤可造成严重的心脏伤害。 |
| 34 | The nerves that control unconscious processes such as the heartbeat can sense distress and | 控制无意识过程的神经,如心跳,能感应到痛苦, |
| 35 | trigger a maladaptive fight-or-flight response that triggers blood vessels to constrict, | 引发适应性不良的战斗或飞行反应,引发血管收缩, |
| 36 | the heart to gallop, and blood pressure to rise, resulting in damage. | 心跳,血压上升,造成损伤 |
| 37 | In other words, it is increasingly clear that our hearts are extraordinarily sensitive to | 换句话说,越来越明显的是,我们的心对 |
| 38 | our emotional system, to the metaphorical heart, if you will. | 我们的情感系统, 暗喻的心脏,如果你愿意。 |
| 39 | There is a heart disorder first recognized about two decades ago called Takosubo cardiomyopathy, | 20年前第一次发现的心脏病 叫做Takosubo心肌病 |
| 40 | or the broken heart syndrome, in which the heart acutely weakens in response to intense | 或心碎综合症,其中心脏因强烈而剧烈衰弱 |
| 41 | stress or grief such as after a romantic breakup or the death of a loved one. | 压力或悲伤,如浪漫分手或亲人死亡后。 |
| 42 | As these pictures show, the grieving heart in the middle looks very different than the | 正如这些照片所示,中间的悲伤的心脏看起来与 |
| 43 | normal heart on the left. | 左边的正常心脏 |
| 44 | It appears stunned and frequently balloons into the distinctive shape of a Takosubo, | 它看起来很震撼,经常气球 形成一个独特的塔科苏波形状, |
| 45 | shown on the right, a Japanese pot with a wide base and a narrow neck. | 显示在右边,一个日本锅,底部宽而颈部窄. |
| 46 | We don't know exactly why this happens, and the syndrome usually resolves within a few | 我们不知道为什么发生这种事 综合症通常会在少数情况下解决 |
| 47 | weeks. | 几个星期 |
| 48 | However, in the acute period, it can cause heart failure, life-threatening arrhythmias, | 然而,在急性期,它会导致心脏衰竭,危及生命的心律失常, |
| 49 | even death. | 甚至是死亡。 |
| 50 | For example, the husband of an elderly patient of mine had died recently. | 例如,我的一个老年病人的丈夫最近去世了。 |
| 51 | She was sad, of course, but accepting, maybe even a bit relieved. | 她当然很伤心,但接受,也许甚至有点松口气 |
| 52 | It had been a very long illness. | 这是一个很长的疾病。 |
| 53 | He'd had dementia. | 他得了痴呆症 |
| 54 | But a week after the funeral, she looked at his picture and became tearful. | 但葬礼一周后,她看了他的照片,变得泪流满面. |
| 55 | And then she developed chest pain. | 后来她又发展出胸痛. |
| 56 | And with it came shortness of breath, distended neck veins, a sweaty brow, a noticeable panting | 呼吸短促 颈部静脉 汗流眉毛 气喘 |
| 57 | as she was sitting up in a chair, all signs of heart failure. | 当她坐在椅子上时 所有心脏衰竭的迹象 |
| 58 | She was admitted to the hospital where an ultrasound confirmed what we already suspected. | 她被送进医院 在那里一个超声波证实 我们已经怀疑。 |
| 59 | Her heart had weakened to less than half its normal capacity and had ballooned into the | 她的心脏已经弱化到不到一半的正常能力 并气球进入了 |
| 60 | 独具特色的Takosubo形状。 | |
| 61 | But no other tests were amiss. | 但是没有其他的测试失败。 |
| 62 | No sign of clogged arteries anywhere. | 任何地方都没有堵塞动脉的迹象. |
| 63 | Two weeks later, her emotional state had returned to normal, and so an ultrasound confirmed | 两周后 她的情绪恢复正常了 所以超声波证实 |
| 64 | had her heart. | 她的心脏。 |
| 65 | Takosubo cardiomyopathy has been linked to many stressful situations, including public | Takosubo 心肺病已经与许多紧张的情况有关,包括公众 |
| 66 | speaking, domestic disputes, gambling losses, even a surprise birthday party. | 说起来 家庭纠纷 赌博损失 甚至一个惊喜生日派对 |
| 67 | It's even been associated with widespread social upheaval, such as after a natural disaster. | 它甚至与广泛的社会动荡有关,比如自然灾害后. |
| 68 | For example, in 2004, a massive earthquake devastated a district on the largest island | 例如,2004年,一场大地震摧毁了最大岛屿上的一个地区。 |
| 69 | in Japan. | 在日本的时候 |
| 70 | More than 60 people were killed and thousands were injured. | 60多人死亡,数千人受伤. |
| 71 | On the heels of this catastrophe, researchers found that the incidence of takosubo cardiomyopathy | 在这场灾难发生后,研究人员发现,Takosubo心脏病的发生率 |
| 72 | increased 24-fold in the district one month after the earthquake compared to a similar | 地震发生后一个月,该区人口增加了24倍,而地震发生后人口增加了24倍。 |
| 73 | period the year before. | 期间。 |
| 74 | The residences of these cases closely correlated with the intensity of the tremor. | 这些案件的住所与震荡强度密切相关。 |
| 75 | In almost every case, patients lived near the epicenter. | 几乎每个病人都住在震中附近。 |
| 76 | Interestingly, takosubo cardiomyopathy has been seen after a happy event, too. | 有趣的是,Takosubo心肺病也出现在一个快乐事件之后。 |
| 77 | But the heart appears to react differently, ballooning in the mid-portion, for example, | 但心脏似乎有不同的反应, 例如在中段气球, |
| 78 | and not at the apex. | 而不是在顶端。 |
| 79 | Why different emotional precipitants would result in different cardiac changes remains | 为什么不同的情绪冲动 会导致不同的心脏变化 |
| 80 | a mystery. | 一个谜 |
| 81 | But today, perhaps as an ode to our ancient philosophers, we can say that even if emotions | 但今天,也许作为我们古代哲学家的代言, 我们可以说,即使情感 |
| 82 | are not contained inside our hearts, the emotional heart overlaps its metaphorical | 我们的内心没有被控制 情感的心脏重复了它的比喻 |
| 83 | counterpart, its biological counterpart, in surprising and mysterious ways. | 以令人惊讶和神秘的方式 |
| 84 | Heart syndromes, including sudden death, have long been reported in individuals experiencing | 心脏综合征,包括突然死亡,在患有 |
| 85 | intense emotional disturbance or turmoil in their metaphorical hearts. | 强烈的情感干扰 或混乱 在他们的隐喻心。 |
| 86 | In 1942, the Harvard physiologist Walter Cannon published a paper called Voodoo Deaths, in | 1942年,哈佛生理学家沃尔特·坎农(Walter Cannon)发表了一篇名为"巫毒死亡"(Voodoo Deaths)的论文. |
| 87 | which he described cases of death from fright in people who believed they had been cursed, | 他描述了在确信自己被诅咒的人中因恐惧而死亡的案例, |
| 88 | such as by a witch doctor or as a consequence of eating taboo fruit. | 例如巫医或者吃禁忌水果 |
| 89 | In many cases, the victim, all hope lost, dropped dead on the spot. | 在许多情况下,受害者,所有的希望都丧失了,当场死亡。 |
| 90 | What these cases had in common was the victim's absolute belief that there was external | 这些案件的共同之处在于,受害人绝对认为,存在外部冲突。 |
| 91 | force that could cause their demise and against which they were powerless to fight. | 他们无法反抗的武力 |
| 92 | This perceived lack of control Cannon postulated resulted in an unmitigated physiological response, | 这种认为缺乏控制的Cannon假设导致了一种没有缓解的生理反应, |
| 93 | in which blood vessels constricted to such a degree that blood volume acutely dropped, | 血管收缩到血量急剧下降的程度, |
| 94 | blood pressure plummeted, the heart acutely weakened, and massive organ damage resulted | 血压暴跌,心脏严重衰弱,导致器官损伤 |
| 95 | from a lack of transported oxygen. | 因为缺乏氧气 |
| 96 | Cannon believed that voodoo deaths were limited to indigenous or primitive people. | 坎农认为巫毒的死亡仅限于原住民或原始人. |
| 97 | But over the years, these types of deaths have been shown to occur in all manner of | 但是,多年来,这些类型的死亡 已被证明以各种方式发生 |
| 98 | modern people too. | 现代人也是 |
| 99 | Today, death by grief has been seen in spouses and in siblings. | 今天,在配偶和兄弟姐妹中都可以看到悲伤造成的死亡。 |
| 100 | Broken hearts are literally and figuratively deadly. | 心碎是致命的 |
| 101 | These associations hold true even for animals. | 这些协会对动物来说都是真实的。 |
| 102 | In a fascinating study in 1980 published in the journal Science, researchers fed caged | 在1980年出版的《科学》杂志上 一项令人着迷的研究中, 研究人员给笼子喂食 |
| 103 | rabbits a high cholesterol diet to study its effect on cardiovascular disease. | 兔子高胆固醇饮食研究其对心血管疾病的影响. |
| 104 | Surprisingly, they found that some rabbits developed a lot more disease than others, | 令人惊讶的是,他们发现有些兔子的疾病比其他兔子多得多, |
| 105 | but they couldn't explain why. | 但是他们无法解释原因 |
| 106 | The rabbits had very similar diet, environment, and genetic makeup. | 兔子的饮食,环境和基因化妆都非常相似. |
| 107 | They thought it might have something to do with how frequently the technician interacted | 他们觉得可能和技师的频繁互动有关 |
| 108 | with the rabbits. | 和兔子们 |
| 109 | So they repeated the study, dividing the rabbits into two groups. | 于是他们重复研究,将兔子分成两组. |
| 110 | Both groups were fed a high cholesterol diet, but in one group, the rabbits were removed | 两组人都吃高胆固醇食物 但其中一组兔子被取走 |
| 111 | from their cages, held, petted, talked to, played with, and in the other group, the rabbits | 从笼子里抱住 宠物 交谈 玩耍 另一群兔子 |
| 112 | remained in their cages and were left alone. | 一直待在笼子里,被一个人关着。 |
| 113 | At one year on autopsy, the researchers found that the rabbits in the first group that received | 在尸体解剖一年时 研究人员发现 第一组兔子 |
| 114 | human interaction had 60% less aortic disease than rabbits in the other group, despite having | 人类相互作用的主动脉疾病比另一类兔子少60%,尽管有 |
| 115 | similar cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and heart rate. | 类似胆固醇水平,血压和心率. |
| 116 | Today, the care of the heart has become less the province of philosophers who dwelled on | 今天,对心脏的关怀 已经变得不那么像 哲学家们所居住的 |
| 117 | the heart's metaphorical meanings and more the domain of doctors like me, wielding technologies | 心脏的隐喻意义 更多的是像我这样的医生 掌握技术 |
| 118 | that even a century ago, because of the heart's exalted status in human culture, were considered | 甚至一个世纪前,由于心脏在人类文化中的崇高地位, |
| 119 | taboo. | 忌讳 |
| 120 | In the process, the heart has been transformed from an almost supernatural object imbued | 在这个过程中,心脏从一个 几乎超自然的物体中转变出来 |
| 121 | with metaphor and meaning into a machine that can be manipulated and controlled. | 与比喻和意义 进入机器,可以操纵和控制。 |
| 122 | This is the key point. | 这是关键所在。 |
| 123 | These manipulations we now understand must be complemented by attention to the emotional | 我们现在明白的这些操纵行为,必须辅之以关注情绪 |
| 124 | life that the heart for thousands of years was believed to contain. | 数千年来 心所蕴藏的生命 |
| 125 | Consider, for example, the Lifestyle Heart Trial published in the British journal The | 例如,考虑英国刊物《生命风格的心脏审判》 |
| 126 | Lancet in 1990. | 1990年的柳叶刀. |
| 127 | 48 patients with moderate or severe coronary disease were randomly assigned to usual care | 48名中度或重度冠状疾病患者被随机分配到常规护理机构 |
| 128 | or an intensive lifestyle that included a low-fat vegetarian diet, moderate aerobic | 或强化的生活方式,包括低脂肪素食、中度有氧 |
| 129 | exercise, group psychosocial support, and stress management advice. | 运动、团体心理支助和压力管理咨询。 |
| 130 | The researchers found that the Lifestyle patients had a nearly 5% reduction in coronary | 研究者发现,"生命风格"患者的冠心减幅接近5% |
| 131 | la牌. | |
| 132 | Control patients, on the other hand, had 5% more coronary plaque at one year and 28% | 另一方面,控制病人在一年中增加了5%的冠状牌,28% |
| 133 | more at five years. | 更在五年时间。 |
| 134 | They also had nearly double the rate of cardiac events like heart attacks, coronary bypass | 心脏病发作,冠心绕道等心脏病发率几乎翻了一倍 |
| 135 | surgery, and cardiac-related deaths. | 外科手术 和心脏相关死亡 |
| 136 | Now, here's an interesting fact. | 现在,有一个有趣的事实。 |
| 137 | Some patients in the control group adopted diet and exercise plans that were nearly as | 控制小组中的一些病人采取了几乎等于 |
| 138 | intense as those in the intensive lifestyle group. | 和那些在密集的生活方式群体中的人一样紧张。 |
| 139 | Their heart disease still progressed. | 他们的心脏病仍在发展。 |
| 140 | Diet and exercise alone were not enough to facilitate coronary disease regression. | 仅靠饮食和锻炼不足以促进冠状疾病回归。 |
| 141 | At both one- and five-year follow-ups, stress management was more strongly correlated with | 在一年和五年的后续行动中,压力管理与 |
| 142 | coronary disease than exercise was. | 冠状疾病比运动还严重 |
| 143 | No doubt this and similar studies are small. | 毫无疑问,这种研究以及类似的研究都很小。 |
| 144 | And, of course, correlation does not prove causation. | 当然,相关性并不能证明因果关系。 |
| 145 | It's certainly possible that stress leads to unhealthy habits, and that's the real | 压力会导致不健康的习惯 这是真实的 |
| 146 | reason for the increased cardiovascular risk. | 心血管风险增加的原因。 |
| 147 | But as with the association of smoking and lung cancer, when so many studies show the | 但是,与吸烟和肺癌的关联一样,许多研究表明 |
| 148 | same thing and when there are mechanisms to explain a causal relationship, it seems | 同样的事情,当有机制解释 因果关系,它似乎 |
| 149 | capricious to deny that one probably exists. | 反复否认可能存在 |
| 150 | What many doctors have concluded is what I, too, have learned in my nearly two decades | 很多医生都认为 我差不多二十年了 |
| 151 | as a heart specialist. | 作为心脏专家。 |
| 152 | The emotional heart intersects with its biological counterpart in surprising and mysterious | 情感的心脏 与生物的对应物相交 令人惊讶和神秘 |
| 153 | ways, and yet medicine today continues to conceptualize the heart as a machine. | 方法,然而今天的医学继续将心脏概念化为机器. |
| 154 | This conceptualization has had great benefits. | 这种概念化有很大的好处。 |
| 155 | Cardiology, my field, is undoubtedly one of the greatest scientific success stories | 心脏病学,我的领域,无疑 是最大的科学成功故事之一 |
| 156 | of the past 100 years. | 过去100年。 |
| 157 | Stents, pacemakers, defibrillators, coronary bypass surgery, heart transplants, all these | 硬骨,起搏器,除颤器, 冠状绕行手术,心脏移植,所有这些 |
| 158 | things were developed or invented after World War II. | 东西是二战后开发或发明的. |
| 159 | However, it's possible that we are approaching the limits of what scientific medicine can | 然而,我们有可能接近科学医学的极限 |
| 160 | do to combat heart disease. | 做防治心脏病。 |
| 161 | Indeed, the rate of decline of cardiovascular mortality has slowed significantly in the | 事实上,心血管死亡率的下降速度已大大减缓。 |
| 162 | past decade. | 过去十年。 |
| 163 | We will need to shift to a new paradigm to continue to make the kind of progress to which | 我们需要转向新的范式,继续在这方面取得进展。 |
| 164 | we have become accustomed. | 我们已经习惯了。 |
| 165 | In this paradigm, psychosocial factors will need to be front and center in how we think | 在这个范式中,社会心理因素需要成为我们如何看待 |
| 166 | about heart problems. | 关于心脏问题。 |
| 167 | This is going to be an uphill battle and remains a domain that is largely unexplored. | 这将是一场艰难的战役,并且仍然是一个基本上未探索的领域。 |
| 168 | The American Heart Association still does not list emotional stress as a key modifiable | 美国心脏协会仍然没有将情绪压力列为可调性的关键 |
| 169 | risk factor for heart disease, perhaps in part because blood cholesterol is so much | 心脏病的风险因素, 部分原因可能是 血胆固醇是如此多 |
| 170 | easier to lower than emotional and social disruption. | 比情绪和社会混乱更容易降低。 |
| 171 | There is a better way, perhaps, if we recognize that when we say a broken heart, we are indeed | 也许有更好的办法,如果我们认识到,当我们说心碎的时候,我们确实 |
| 172 | sometimes talking about a real broken heart. | 有时说一个真正的破碎的心脏。 |
| 173 | We must, must pay more attention to the power and importance of the emotions in taking care | 我们必须,必须更加注意情绪在照顾中的力量和重要性 |
| 174 | of our hearts. | 我们的心。 |
| 175 | Emotional stress, I have learned, is often a matter of life and death. | 情感压力,我已经学会了, 经常是一个生死问题。 |
| 176 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
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