TED演讲：打破规则冲动背后的惊人心理
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:04 | About 1,600 years ago, St. Augustine wrote the Confessions, | 大约1600年前,圣奥古斯丁写了"忏悔书", |
| 0:08 | which was the story of his youthful descent into sin | 这是他幼年的下罪的故事, |
| 0:11 | and his later conversion to Christianity. | 他后来皈依基督教。 |
| 0:14 | And Book Two of the Confessions has a great beginning. | 而"忏悔录"第二卷的开头也不错. |
| 0:17 | I propose now to set down my past wickedness | 我提议放下过去的罪恶 |
| 0:20 | and the carnal corruption of my soul. | 还有我灵魂的肉体堕落 |
| 0:22 | So you expect sex. | 所以你希望做爱。 |
| 0:25 | But to the disappointment of readers over the centuries, | 但让读者失望的 几个世纪, |
| 0:28 | the sin that Augustine talks about isn't carnal at all. | 奥古斯丁说的罪恶 根本不是性爱 |
| 0:32 | It has to do with pears. | 须与梨俱. |
展开字幕全文（203 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | About 1,600 years ago, St. Augustine wrote the Confessions, | 大约1600年前,圣奥古斯丁写了"忏悔书", |
| 2 | which was the story of his youthful descent into sin | 这是他幼年的下罪的故事, |
| 3 | and his later conversion to Christianity. | 他后来皈依基督教。 |
| 4 | And Book Two of the Confessions has a great beginning. | 而"忏悔录"第二卷的开头也不错. |
| 5 | I propose now to set down my past wickedness | 我提议放下过去的罪恶 |
| 6 | and the carnal corruption of my soul. | 还有我灵魂的肉体堕落 |
| 7 | So you expect sex. | 所以你希望做爱。 |
| 8 | But to the disappointment of readers over the centuries, | 但让读者失望的 几个世纪, |
| 9 | the sin that Augustine talks about isn't carnal at all. | 奥古斯丁说的罪恶 根本不是性爱 |
| 10 | It has to do with pears. | 须与梨俱. |
| 11 | He and his friends break into an orchard, | 他和他的朋友闯进一个果园, |
| 12 | and they steal some pears, and that was it. | 他们偷了一些梨子 就这样 |
| 13 | They didn't have anything against the person who owned the orchard. | 他们对果园的主人没有任何意见。 |
| 14 | They weren't hungry. | 他们不饿。 |
| 15 | They threw the pears to pigs. | 他们把梨子扔给猪吃 |
| 16 | What stunned Augustine and disturbed him | 惊动了奥古斯丁 打扰了他 |
| 17 | was that he seemed to be motivated by a desire just to do wrong. | 他的动机似乎只是想要做错事 |
| 18 | He writes, | 他写道: |
| 19 | If any part of one of those pears passed my lips, | 如果有部分梨子穿过我的嘴唇 |
| 20 | it was the sin that gave it flavor. | 罪孽给它带来味道 |
| 21 | I had no motivation for wickedness except wickedness itself. | 我对邪恶毫无动机 除了邪恶本身 |
| 22 | I was foul, and I loved it. | 我是犯规的,我爱它。 |
| 23 | Now, I'm a psychologist, | 现在 我是个心理学家 |
| 24 | and I was interested in real-life stories of perverse actions. | 我对真实生活中的邪恶行为感兴趣 |
| 25 | So I started a perversity project | 所以我开始了一个反常项目 |
| 26 | where I invited people to send me stories | 我邀请人们给我发故事 |
| 27 | about perverse things that they did. | 关于他们所做的事。 |
| 28 | I defined these acts as when you choose to do something | 我将这些行为定义为你选择做什么 |
| 29 | you know is wrong, morally or otherwise, | 你知道在道德或其他方面是错误的, |
| 30 | at least in part because it's wrong. | 至少部分是因为错了 |
| 31 | So one of the first stories I got was, | 所以,我得到的第一个故事是, |
| 32 | flirted with a woman's boyfriend knowing fully well he liked me. | 和一个女人的男朋友调情 完全知道他喜欢我 |
| 33 | I knew I could steal him if I wanted, | 我知道我可以偷他 如果我想, |
| 34 | but I didn't want to do that. | 但我不想这样做。 |
| 35 | I just wanted her to feel uncomfortable | 我只是想让她觉得不舒服 |
| 36 | whenever the three of us were in the same room. | 每当我们三个在同一个房间。 |
| 37 | Causing people pain is wrong, | 造成人们的痛苦是错误的, |
| 38 | but that's exactly why I did it. | 但这正是我这么做的原因 |
| 39 | And in fact, this is the plot of the Dolly Parton song, Jolene. | 而事实上,这是多莉·帕顿(英语:Dolly Parton)歌曲的情节,乔琳. |
| 40 | Sometimes it's self-destructive. | 有时自毁. |
| 41 | A young man wrote to me, ice skating on a pond, | 一个年轻人写信给我,在池塘上滑冰 |
| 42 | dark on a frozen spot 30 yards out. | 在30码外的冰封点上 |
| 43 | Instead of avoiding it, I skate towards it, | 而不是避开它, 我滑向它, |
| 44 | knowing but wondering, knowing but wondering, and splash. | 了解但好奇,了解但好奇, 和喷洒。 |
| 45 | Now, psychologists have long been interested | 心理学家早就感兴趣了 |
| 46 | in these sort of violent, disruptive, perverse acts | 暴力、破坏性、不正当行为 |
| 47 | and the kinds of people who do them. | 和他们的行为的人。 |
| 48 | An example people often give is The Joker from the Batman comics. | 人们经常给出的一个例子是蝙蝠侠漫画中的小丑. |
| 49 | In Christopher Nolan's film The Dark Knight, | 在克里斯托弗·诺兰的电影"黑暗骑士"中, |
| 50 | Alfred, Batman's butler, describes The Joker by saying, | 蝙蝠侠的管家阿尔弗雷德 描述小丑说 |
| 51 | Some men can't be bought, bullied, reasoned or negotiated with. | 有些男人不能被收买,欺负,推理或与之谈判. |
| 52 | Some men just want to watch the world burn. | 有些人只想看着世界的燃烧 |
| 53 | And psychologists have thought up a need for chaos scale. | 心理学家认为 需要混乱的规模。 |
| 54 | That gives you a bunch of statements, | 这给你一堆声明, |
| 55 | and how much you agree with them | 和多少你同意他们 |
| 56 | will tell you how much you want to watch the world burn. | 你会告诉你,你有多想 看着世界燃烧。 |
| 57 | So just do this quietly in your head. | 所以在你的脑海里悄悄地做这个 |
| 58 | I need chaos around me. | 我需要周围的混乱。 |
| 59 | It's too boring if nothing is going on. | 如果什么都没有发生,太无聊了。 |
| 60 | Sometimes I just like destroying beautiful things. | 有时我只喜欢破坏美丽的东西。 |
| 61 | But not all the stories I got had that kind of nature. | 但并不是所有的故事都有这种性质。 |
| 62 | Some were a little bit more benign. | 有些更善良一点。 |
| 63 | Here's one of my favorites. | 这是我的最爱之一。 |
| 64 | On one occasion in my early 20s, I was out with a friend. | 有一次我20多岁的时候 和一个朋友出去了 |
| 65 | He decided to get himself an ice cream. | 他决定给自己买个冰淇淋 |
| 66 | And before he had a chance to try it, I stuck my finger in it. | 在他有机会尝试之前 我插了手指 |
| 67 | I tried to play it off as a joke, | 我试图玩弄它作为一个笑话, |
| 68 | but really I had this sudden thought, | 但其实我突然想到 |
| 69 | man, it would be messed up if I just jammed my finger in his ice cream. | 如果我把手指塞进他的冰激凌里 会很糟的 |
| 70 | Someone else wrote me, when I was in a professional choir, | 有人写信给我, 当我在一个专业合唱团, |
| 71 | at every concert I felt the desire to sing a few notes very incorrectly on purpose. | 在每场演唱会上,我都觉得 无意中唱几首曲子 |
| 72 | To this day, I don't completely understand why. | 时至今日,我还不完全明白为什么. |
| 73 | Someone else wrote me, and this is going to sweet the saddest little example of modest perversity. | 有人写信给我, 这将会是温柔的 微弱反常的悲惨例子。 |
| 74 | Sometimes I walk on the grass instead of the path just because I know it's wrong. | 有时我走在草地上,而不是走在路上,只是因为我知道这是错的. |
| 75 | Now, a lot of perversity makes the world worse. | 现在,许多反常使世界更加糟糕. |
| 76 | I wouldn't want an Uber driver who scores high on a need for chaos scale. | 我不想让一个Uber车手 得分很高 需要混乱的规模。 |
| 77 | And I don't want a friend or a colleague either. | 我也不想要一个朋友或同事 |
| 78 | But sometimes, I'll suggest to you, | 但有时 我建议你 |
| 79 | perversity can be clever, creative, beautiful. | 变态可以是聪明的,创造性的,美丽的. |
| 80 | And there's some examples from art. | 还有一些艺术的例子。 |
| 81 | There was an illustrious art exhibition in New York City in 1917, | 1917年在纽约市举行了杰出的艺术展览, |
| 82 | and they said, you can send in anything you want. | 他们说,你可以发送任何你想要的。 |
| 83 | We'll accept everything. | 我们会接受一切的 |
| 84 | So Marcel Duchamp sent in a urinal, not to describe the fountain, and they rejected it. | 于是马塞尔·杜查姆派了一个小便池,不是用来描述喷泉的,他们拒绝了. |
| 85 | They said, no, no, we just accept artwork. | 他们说,不,不,我们只是接受艺术品。 |
| 86 | But Duchamp insisted it was artwork, | 但Duchamp坚持说那是艺术品, |
| 87 | and the resulting controversy turned out to be one of the pivotal moments in the history of modern art. | 由此引发的争议 成为现代艺术史上的关键时刻之一 |
| 88 | Or take Banksy. | 或夺班克斯. |
| 89 | A few years ago, Banksy sold a painting, Girl with Balloon, at Sotheby's, at auction. | 几年前,Banksy在Sotheby的拍卖会上卖出了一幅画,"带气球的女孩". |
| 90 | And he set up the frame that the moment the painting was sold, the moment the gavel went boom, | 他搭建了画被卖掉的画框, 画柱一响, |
| 91 | a machine in the frame shredded the painting halfway through, horrifying the audience, | 画框里的机器把画粉碎了一半 吓到了观众 |
| 92 | but getting on the front pages of newspapers all over the world. | 却登上了全世界报纸的头版 |
| 93 | Later on, describing it, Banksy quotes a Russian anarchist who says, | 后来在描述时,班克斯引用一位俄罗斯无政府主义者的话: |
| 94 | The urge to destroy is also a creative urge. | 破坏的冲动也是一个创造性的冲动。 |
| 95 | Or take comedy. | 或取喜剧. |
| 96 | Perversity is part and parcel of comedy. | 变态是喜剧的一部分 |
| 97 | So much of what's funny is when people do things that are irrational or immoral. | 有趣的是,当人们做不合理或不道德的事情时。 |
| 98 | In the right hands, perversity is such a source of joy. | 在右手中,反常是如此欢喜的源泉. |
| 99 | Perversity can also be powerful. | 变态也可以是强大的。 |
| 100 | Rory Sutherland wrote, | 罗里·萨瑟兰写道: |
| 101 | Irrational people are much more powerful than rational people. | 理性的人比理性的人强得多. |
| 102 | And he gave two reasons why this is so. | 他给出了两个原因 |
| 103 | The first is their threats are so much more convincing. | 第一,他们的威胁更具有说服力。 |
| 104 | Suppose I'm in a confrontation with you, and you threaten me, | 如果我在和你对抗 而你威胁我 |
| 105 | and you're a rational, reasonable person. | 而你是一个理性,理性的人。 |
| 106 | So I know your threats are going to be normal and proportional and reasonable. | 所以我知道你的威胁是正常的 相称的 合理的 |
| 107 | But if, as somebody is hinting here, you're a perverse agent, | 但如果有人暗示你是个变态特工 |
| 108 | I have no idea what you're capable of, and you're far more frightening to me. | 我不知道你能做什么 你对我更可怕 |
| 109 | Second reason is, if you're wholly predictable, people learn to hack you. | 第二个原因是,如果你是完全可预测的, 人们学会黑客入侵你。 |
| 110 | So again, if you're rational, and I have to outsmart you, | 再说一遍,如果你是理性的, 而我必须比你聪明, |
| 111 | and figure out what you're going to do next, you'll do the rational thing. | 想想你接下来要做什么, 你会做理性的事情。 |
| 112 | If you're perverse, you're harder to predict and so harder to hack. | 如果你是变态的 你更难预测 更难入侵 |
| 113 | Edgar Allan Poe, describing perversity, talked about imps, | 埃德加·艾伦 诗,描述反常, 谈论杂质, |
| 114 | little magical demons in our heads that cause us to do terrible things. | 我们脑子里有些神奇的恶魔 使我们做了可怕的事 |
| 115 | But like I said, I'm a psychologist. | 但我说过 我是个心理学家 |
| 116 | I don't believe in imps. | 我不相信阴茎。 |
| 117 | I think what we do has reasons, has motivations, | 我认为我们做的事是有原因的 有动机的 |
| 118 | and I think for perverse actions, there's a range of them. | 我认为,对于邪恶的行动, 有一些范围。 |
| 119 | One of them was mentioned by Augustine. | 其中之一被奥古斯丁提及. |
| 120 | So later on, after describing the incident with the pairs, he writes, | 所以后来,在描述 事件与对夫妇,他写道, |
| 121 | I would not have done it by myself. | 我不会一个人去的 |
| 122 | My satisfaction did not lie in the pairs that lay in the crime itself | 我满意的不是罪案本身的一对 |
| 123 | committed in league with a gang of sinners. | 与一群罪人结盟 |
| 124 | The social force drove him. | 社会力量驱使他。 |
| 125 | And there are other things, too. | 还有别的事情 |
| 126 | One force that really interests me goes under many names. | 一种真正让我感兴趣的力量 以许多名字出现 |
| 127 | Self-governance, freedom, liberty, agency. | 自治,自由,自由,机关. |
| 128 | Call it autonomy. | 称其自主. |
| 129 | Call it a desire to be free, to do what you want, | 称它为自由的渴望, 做你想做的, |
| 130 | free of the constraints of other people. | 不受别人的限制。 |
| 131 | And free also of the constraints of rationality and morality. | 也不受理性和道德的限制。 |
| 132 | Jonah Berger对此举了一个很好的例子。 | |
| 133 | He talks about the Tide Pod Challenge of a few years ago, | 他谈到了几年前的潮汐波德挑战 |
| 134 | where many teenagers, instead of using these as detergent products, | 而不是用这些作为洗涤剂 |
| 135 | bit into them and sometimes consumed them. | 咬进它们,有时消耗它们。 |
| 136 | Now, as you might imagine, Procter & Gamble, who own the products, | 现在,如你所想,宝洁公司拥有这些产品 |
| 137 | were incredibly unhappy about this. | 非常不高兴 |
| 138 | And they set up an extremely expensive ad campaign | 他们组织了一个非常昂贵的广告活动 |
| 139 | designed to stop people from consuming these products. | 目的是阻止人们消费这些产品。 |
| 140 | And one of your campaigns involved a football player, | 你的一项竞选涉及一个足球运动员 |
| 141 | a popular football player, known as Gronk. | 一个受欢迎的足球运动员,被称为Gronk. |
| 142 | So the ad would begin, | 这样广告才会开始 |
| 143 | Hey, Gronk, is eating the pods ever a good idea? | 嘿,Gronk,吃这些豆子有什么好主意吗? |
| 144 | And Gronk responds, No, no, no. | 和格伦克回应,不,不,不。 |
| 145 | Berger points out, when this ad came up, | Berger指出 当这个广告出现时 |
| 146 | consumption of the pods shot up. | 舱的消耗量上升了 |
| 147 | No, I doubt it. | 不,我怀疑这一点。 |
| 148 | Nobody's going to tell me what to do. | 没有人会告诉我该怎么做。 |
| 149 | Who is this Gronk telling me what to do? | 这个Gronk告诉我该怎么做? |
| 150 | I'm going to be an autonomous free being. | 我要成为一个自主的自由存在。 |
| 151 | And psychologists call this reactance. | 心理学家称之为这种反应。 |
| 152 | And this means it's an unpleasant feeling that emerges | 这表示一种令人不快的感觉出现 |
| 153 | when people experience a threat to our loss of their free behaviors. | 当人们感受到我们失去自由行为的威胁时 |
| 154 | And there's a wealth of laboratory studies looking at reactance. | 而研究反应的实验室研究也很丰富. |
| 155 | So they test the idea that what you try to do | 所以他们测试你试图做什么 |
| 156 | is reestablish the threatened freedom. | 重建受到威胁的自由 |
| 157 | And so one of the studies, for instance, looks at binge drinking ads | 所以其中一项研究,比如, 看着宾格喝广告 |
| 158 | and finds that when binge drinking ads are particularly heavy-handed, | 发现当宾格喝广告 特别重的手, |
| 159 | people often respond by drinking more. | 人们经常用喝酒来回应 |
| 160 | I'm going to reestablish my freedom. | 我将重建我的自由。 |
| 161 | I'm going to do what I want. | 随所欲行. |
| 162 | Or take threats of reprisal. | 或以报复相威胁. |
| 163 | There's a lovely study by a team of political scientists | 一组政治科学家做了个可爱的研究 |
| 164 | which asked the subjects to imagine that they're an ambassador to a country | 要求臣民们想象自己是驻一国大使 |
| 165 | and they're deciding whether or not to have sanctions towards that country. | 他们正在决定是否对这个国家实施制裁。 |
| 166 | In one condition, the dictator says, | 独裁者说, |
| 167 | If you do sanctions towards our country, that's OK. | 如果你对我们的国家实施制裁,那就没事了。 |
| 168 | I won't do anything. | 我不会做任何事情。 |
| 169 | In the second condition, the dictator says, | 在第二个条件下,独裁者说, |
| 170 | If you do sanctions towards our country, I will unleash terrorist attacks against you. | 如果你对我国实施制裁,我会对你发动恐怖袭击。 |
| 171 | What's the stunning finding from this is that in the second condition, | 令人惊奇的发现是,在第二个条件下, |
| 172 | not the first, they were more likely to do it. | 不是第一个,他们更有可能这样做。 |
| 173 | A lot of our perverse actions are in response to people | 我们许多邪恶的行动都是针对人们的 |
| 174 | telling us not to do what we want to do. | 告诉我们不要做我们想做的事 |
| 175 | And it makes us want all the more to do that thing. | 这让我们更想要做那个事情。 |
| 176 | I think there are two lessons from the study of perversity. | 我认为,关于反常性的研究有两个教训。 |
| 177 | One is to appreciate its role in everyday life. | 一是欣赏它在日常生活中的作用. |
| 178 | It's really worth knowing that there are people out there | 这真的很值得知道 有的人在那里 |
| 179 | who really do want to watch the world burn. | 他们真的想看世界的燃烧 |
| 180 | And I think it's also worth knowing that each and every one of us | 我觉得我们每个人都值得知道 |
| 181 | at some point in our life wants to watch the world burn. | 在我们生命的某个时刻 想要看到世界的毁灭 |
| 182 | At least a little bit. | 至少一点点。 |
| 183 | I think it's worth knowing, at least for consequential decisions, | 我觉得值得知道,至少 对于相应的决定, |
| 184 | like choosing who to vote for, | 喜欢选择谁投票, |
| 185 | that people aren't just motivated by material self-interest | 人们不只是出于物质的私利 |
| 186 | or by an affiliation or social and political group. | 或由隶属或社会和政治团体。 |
| 187 | Sometimes people want to be autonomous beings. | 有时人们希望成为自主的生物. |
| 188 | They want to be free. | 他们想要自由 |
| 189 | And telling these people what you're doing is stupid, | 告诉这些人你在做什么是愚蠢的, |
| 190 | what you're doing is irrational, what you're doing is immoral, | 你所做的是非理性的, 你所做的是不道德的, |
| 191 | can have the paradoxical effect of motivating them to do exactly | 能够产生自相矛盾的效果 激励他们做精确的 |
| 192 | what you don't want them to do. | 你不希望他们做什么。 |
| 193 | The second lesson of perversity has to do with our everyday lives. | 反常的第二个教训与我们的日常生活有关. |
| 194 | A lot of perversity is awful. | 很多反常是可怕的。 |
| 195 | I think the world would be better off without it. | 我想没有它世界会更好 |
| 196 | But I think we've seen a little bit that perversity could be funny. | 但我认为我们已经看到 一点点的反常可能很有趣。 |
| 197 | It could be clever. | 它可能是聪明的。 |
| 198 | I think it could make the world a better place. | 我觉得这能让世界更美好 |
| 199 | And so I guess I'd suggest that a life with a little bit of perversity in it, | 所以我想我建议 生活有点反常, |
| 200 | a life where sometimes you put your finger into your friend's ice cream, | 生活,有时你把你的手指 在你的朋友的冰淇淋, |
| 201 | is a life that's a lot more interesting. | 生活会更有趣 |
| 202 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
| 203 | Applause. | 赞曰. |
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