城市的钱去哪了？
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:03 | When a community wants to build like a bridge or transit system, housing, sustainable infrastructure, | 当一个社区想要建设 像桥梁或中转系统, 住房,可持续基础设施, |
| 0:11 | where does the money come from? | 钱是从哪里来的? |
| 0:14 | Money ultimately decides what gets built. | 钱最终决定了建造什么。 |
| 0:17 | Money decides what survives. | 金钱决定了生存 |
| 0:18 | Money decides what future becomes possible. | 金钱决定未来的可能性 |
| 0:22 | So change where money goes and who controls it, then you change what becomes possible. | 所以改变资金流向和谁控制它, 然后你改变什么是可能的。 |
| 0:27 | I'm Trinity Tran. | 我是崔妮蒂・特兰 |
| 0:29 | I lead efforts to build public banks in California and beyond. | 我领导在加利福尼亚州内外建设公共银行的努力. |
| 0:33 | Most of the time, our cities don't have the money up front to be able to pay for a project | 大部分时间,我们的城市没有钱 能够支付一个项目 |
| 0:38 | like a bridge or housing. | 像是桥梁或住房 |
展开字幕全文（71 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | When a community wants to build like a bridge or transit system, housing, sustainable infrastructure, | 当一个社区想要建设 像桥梁或中转系统, 住房,可持续基础设施, |
| 2 | where does the money come from? | 钱是从哪里来的? |
| 3 | Money ultimately decides what gets built. | 钱最终决定了建造什么。 |
| 4 | Money decides what survives. | 金钱决定了生存 |
| 5 | Money decides what future becomes possible. | 金钱决定未来的可能性 |
| 6 | So change where money goes and who controls it, then you change what becomes possible. | 所以改变资金流向和谁控制它, 然后你改变什么是可能的。 |
| 7 | I'm Trinity Tran. | 我是崔妮蒂・特兰 |
| 8 | I lead efforts to build public banks in California and beyond. | 我领导在加利福尼亚州内外建设公共银行的努力. |
| 9 | Most of the time, our cities don't have the money up front to be able to pay for a project | 大部分时间,我们的城市没有钱 能够支付一个项目 |
| 10 | like a bridge or housing. | 像是桥梁或住房 |
| 11 | And so they will issue a bond, which is essentially a long-term loan, provided by, structured | 因此,他们会发行债券, 本质上是长期贷款, 由,结构化 |
| 12 | by Wall Street banks. | 华尔街银行 |
| 13 | A loan is money that is provided up front and paid back over time with interest. | 贷款是指预先提供并随时间而用利息偿还的款项。 |
| 14 | Wall Street banks, private lenders, end up tacking on fees to structure and sell those bonds. | 华尔街的银行,私人贷款人,最终要收取建造和出售这些债券的费用。 |
| 15 | Then the reality is that our local governments are not only paying for the cost of the project, | 那么现实是,我们的地方政府 不仅支付项目的费用, |
| 16 | but decades of interest on top of that. | 但还有几十年的兴趣 |
| 17 | So for every dollar that we're borrowing, we're paying another dollar in interest over time, | 因此,每借一美元, 我们支付另一美元利息 一段时间, |
| 18 | sometimes more. | 有时更多。 |
| 19 | And that's all money that's going out the door to private lenders. | 这就是所有的钱 出门给私人贷款。 |
| 20 | We're paying hundreds of millions of dollars in the city of Los Angeles at the state level | 州级洛杉矶市要赔上亿元 |
| 21 | in California. | 在加利福尼亚州。 |
| 22 | We're paying $4 billion in interest annually. | 我们每年要支付40亿美元的利息. |
| 23 | That's money flowing out of our communities rather than being invested locally. | 那是我们社区流出的钱 而不是本地投资 |
| 24 | Private banks are owned by shareholders. | 私人银行为股东所有. |
| 25 | They're investing in areas that make them a lot of money and not necessarily what's | 他们投资的领域 给他们很多钱 不一定是什么 |
| 26 | in the best interest in our communities. | 为了我们社区的最大利益 |
| 27 | Public banking asks a different question. | 公共银行会问另一个问题。 |
| 28 | How do we do more with the dollars that our communities generate? | 我们如何更多地使用我们社区产生的美元? |
| 29 | Without raising taxes, but by lowering the cost of financing itself. | 不提高税收,而是降低融资本身的成本。 |
| 30 | A public bank is a bank owned by the people through their local government, either city, | 公共银行是人民通过地方政府拥有的银行 无论是城市还是城市 |
| 31 | a region, or a state. | 地区或州。 |
| 32 | Every time you, for instance, buy something like a cup of coffee, a portion of that tax | 比如说,每次你买咖啡之类的东西 税的一部分 |
| 33 | will go to your city and your state. | 将去你的城市和州。 |
| 34 | So we're using the money that we already generate that belongs to us. | 所以我们在用我们已经产生的属于我们的钱。 |
| 35 | They don't have shareholders to pay. | 他们没有股东支付。 |
| 36 | So that as loans are repaid, it comes back into a public bank. | 这样,随着贷款的偿还,它又回到了一家公共银行. |
| 37 | Its mission is to support the local economic development of the community it serves. | 其任务是支持其所服务的社区的当地经济发展。 |
| 38 | That would be designed at a local level so the law that we created, the California Public | 这会是在地方一级设计的 所以我们制定的法律,加州公众 |
| 39 | Banking Act, creating the legal framework for cities and municipalities to be able to | 《银行业法》,为城市和市镇建立法律框架,使其能够 |
| 40 | form their own banks. | 组成自己的银行。 |
| 41 | And so the mission of the bank, the mandates, the lending priorities, the investment priorities, | 因此,银行的使命,任务,贷款优先,投资优先, |
| 42 | the capitalization strategies, all the details of how this is going to work is going to be | 资本化战略,所有细节 如何运作 |
| 43 | defined at a local level. | 在地方一级界定。 |
| 44 | There are 900 public banks globally with nearly $50 trillion in assets. | 全球有900家公共银行,资产近50万亿美元. |
| 45 | In Germany, a network of 400 municipal banks was able to support the country's renewable | 在德国,一个由400家城市银行组成的网络能够支持国家的可再生能源。 |
| 46 | energy transition. | 能源过渡。 |
| 47 | In the United States, we have a successful model to emulate. | 在美国,我们有一个值得效仿的成功模式。 |
| 48 | The Bank of North Dakota is a 100-year-old public bank founded in 1919. | 北达科他州银行(Bank of North Dakota)是一家百年老牌公共银行,成立于1919年. |
| 49 | It was started by socialist farmers who were being gouged by out-of-state New York bankers. | 由被纽约州外银行家挖苦的社会主义农民发起. |
| 50 | During the Great Depression, nearly 200,000 farms were being foreclosed on. | 在大萧条期间,将近20万个农场被取消赎回权。 |
| 51 | Because the state of North Dakota had a public bank, it was able to step in and buy the farms | 由于北达科他州有一家公共银行,它能够介入并购买农场 |
| 52 | and lend it back to the families for a dollar. | 并借还家人一元. |
| 53 | Once the families were able to stabilize, they sold it back at a price they could afford. | 一旦家庭能够稳定下来,他们就以他们能够承受的价格把它卖回。 |
| 54 | For the last century, it has supported local economic developments, supported small businesses, | 在上个世纪里,它支持当地经济发展,支持小企业, |
| 55 | infrastructure, while still returning very healthy return on equity, 15 to 18 percent. | 在基础设施方面,虽然公平回报仍然非常健康,但占15%至18%。 |
| 56 | That means it's returning hundreds of millions of dollars back into the general fund year | 这意味着它要把亿万元 回到普通基金年度 |
| 57 | after year. | 年过后。 |
| 58 | So that's an example of how a public bank is able to step in and support and strengthen | 所以,这就是一个实例 一个公共银行是如何 能够介入,支持和加强 |
| 59 | the community without focusing on just purely profit. | 社区不专注于纯粹的利润。 |
| 60 | Los Angeles just dealt with a devastating wildfire, so if we had a public bank, it would | 洛杉矶刚刚处理了一场毁灭性的野火, 所以如果我们有一个公共银行,它会 |
| 61 | have been able to step in to offer immediate low-cost loans. | 已经能够立即提供低成本贷款。 |
| 62 | It's able to be immediately responsive to the needs of the community without having | 它能够立即回应社区的需求,而无需 |
| 63 | to wait for federal aid, which can be unstable. | 等待联邦援助, 这可能会不稳定。 |
| 64 | We're moving towards building a system that mobilizes public revenue to support our public priorities. | 我们正在逐步建立调动公共收入支持我们公共优先秩序的制度. |
| 65 | We've seen such an incredible amount of progress in such a short time, because even without | 我们在这么短的时间内 看到了如此惊人的进展 因为即使没有 |
| 66 | a complex understanding of finance and banking, when you start explaining public banking, | 当你开始解释公共银行业务时 对金融和银行业务的复杂理解 |
| 67 | it makes sense. | 这有道理。 |
| 68 | On a logical, intuitive level, multiple cities and states are working towards it. | 在逻辑上,直观的层面上,多个城市和州都在努力实现这一目标. |
| 69 | We have the ability to create a new system. | 我们有能力建立一个新的系统。 |
| 70 | This isn't a pie-in-the-sky idea. | 这不是一个派 -in -天上的想法。 |
| 71 | This is a model that works for the people, our communities, and our environment. | 这是一个有利于人民、社区和环境的模式。 |
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