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TED演讲:为何苦乐参半的情感让我们更能体会生活之美?

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时间英文中文
0:03The idea of bittersweetness is that we live in a constant state, all humans do.苦甜的理念是,我们生活在一个恒定的状态,所有人类都这样做.
0:11It's a constant state of a kind of existence simultaneously of joy and sorrow, dark and它是一种恒定状态 一种存在 同时喜悦和悲伤, 黑暗和
0:18light, bitter and sweet.轻,苦和甜.
0:21And then what comes with that is a heightened awareness of impermanence in all things and随之而来的是,人们更加认识到,在一切事物中,以及
0:28also a kind of curiously piercing joy at the beauty of the world, because there's something也是一种好奇的喜悦 对世界的美丽, 因为有东西
0:33about having this deep awareness that the joy comes with sorrow, the sorrow comes with深知欢乐与悲哀
0:39joy that makes us really attuned to the insane beauty all around us.快乐让我们真正适应 我们周围疯狂的美丽。
0:46I think the Stoics come at that from one point of view.我想斯多克人就是从这个角度出发的
0:49There's the Stoic idea of, they would call it memento mori, to remember all the time他们称之为"纪念日" 来记住所有的一切
0:55that we could die tomorrow.我们明天会死
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序号英文中文
1The idea of bittersweetness is that we live in a constant state, all humans do.苦甜的理念是,我们生活在一个恒定的状态,所有人类都这样做.
2It's a constant state of a kind of existence simultaneously of joy and sorrow, dark and它是一种恒定状态 一种存在 同时喜悦和悲伤, 黑暗和
3light, bitter and sweet.轻,苦和甜.
4And then what comes with that is a heightened awareness of impermanence in all things and随之而来的是,人们更加认识到,在一切事物中,以及
5also a kind of curiously piercing joy at the beauty of the world, because there's something也是一种好奇的喜悦 对世界的美丽, 因为有东西
6about having this deep awareness that the joy comes with sorrow, the sorrow comes with深知欢乐与悲哀
7joy that makes us really attuned to the insane beauty all around us.快乐让我们真正适应 我们周围疯狂的美丽。
8I think the Stoics come at that from one point of view.我想斯多克人就是从这个角度出发的
9There's the Stoic idea of, they would call it memento mori, to remember all the time他们称之为"纪念日" 来记住所有的一切
10that we could die tomorrow.我们明天会死
11We don't know what's going to happen.我们不知道会发生什么。
12And that's a way of both calming us down and also making life feel a little more precious.这是一种既让我们冷静下来 也让生活更加珍贵的方法。
13So the Stoics come at it from that point of view.因此斯托克人从这个角度来研究它.
14I don't know that I think of myself as a Stoic explicitly, but I do feel there's something我不知道我把自己看成一个Stoic人 但我确实觉得有
15about being aware of life's fragility that situates us exactly where we should be.了解生命的脆弱 将我们置于我们该处于的位置
16Why do you think art is a way that we see bittersweetness being expressed really masterfully?为什么你认为艺术是一种方式,我们看到苦甜的表达是真正熟练的?
17I believe that all humans, that the most fundamental aspect of our humanity is that we all have我相信,所有人类, 我们人类最根本的方面是 我们都拥有
18a kind of longing for a state that I call the perfect and beautiful world, like in The一种渴望的状态 我称之为完美和美丽的世界, 像在The
19Wizard of Oz, it's called Somewhere Over the Rainbow.奥兹的巫师,它叫做彩虹的某个地方。
20All religions have their own name for it.所有宗教都有他们自己的名字。
21My favorite is the Sufi name of the Beloved of the Soul.我最喜欢的是灵魂之爱的苏菲人的名字.
22And what creativity really is at the end of the day is an expression of that longing for最终的创造力 体现了人们的渴望
23a more perfect and beautiful world.一个更完美和美丽的世界。
24What an artist or a musician is doing is they're having a vision of the gap between the world艺术家或音乐家正在做的是 他们对世界差距的看法
25that we're in and the world that they long to be in and therefore to create.我们和这个世界 他们渴望进入 并因此创造。
26And so whether you're talking about a violin piece or a rocket to Mars, there's really no所以,无论你在谈论小提琴片 或火箭到火星, 真的没有
27difference between those two things.这两者之间的区别
28Like the word longing itself, the etymology of it literally means to reach for, to grow和渴望自己这个词一样, 它的字面意思是达到,成长
29longer and to reach for.更久 更远
30And that's what we're doing when we're creative.这就是我们创造力的所在。
31And I do want to hasten to say that you don't need to compose a symphony that people are我确实想赶快说,你不需要 创作一个交响曲 人们是
32going to be listening to hundreds of years later.几百年后将开始监听
33You don't have to build the rocket to Mars in order to express that fundamental human你不必制造火箭到火星 来表达人类的根本
34creativity.创造力。
35You could be sitting at home and drawing a picture or baking a pie.你可以坐在家里画画或者烤饼
36It doesn't really matter.这不重要
37Like all these different actions are expressions of our longing and of our better nature.与所有这些不同的行动一样,也表达了我们的愿望和我们更好的性质。
38I believe that the art and the music and the nature and religion and spirituality are all我相信艺术、音乐、自然、宗教和精神
39just different manifestations of the same thing.同一事物的不同表现
40And what that thing is, we probably all have to define for ourselves, but it is the most那东西是什么, 我们也许都得为自己定义, 但这是最
41fundamental drive in all of human nature.根本动力 在所有的人性。
42And I believe our best one, you know, it's the one that leads to creativity, but also to我相信我们最好的一个,你知道的, 它是引领创造力的,但也有
43connection and to love.连接和爱。
44Like, I literally, sorry to go on with this question, but I literally have sitting taped喜欢,我字面上,抱歉 继续这个问题, 但我字面上坐 磁带
45up in front of me in my office right now, a quotation from the poet Jalal al-Din Rumi,在我的办公室前面 诗人贾拉勒·丁·鲁米的引文
46who is a Sufi poet.他是一个苏菲派诗人。
47And I'm going to quote it for you, but I'm just going to set the context of the poem.我将引用它给你, 但我只是要设定 诗的背景。
48It's basically it's about a man who is praying to Allah and a cynical person comes along基本上是关于一个向阿拉祈祷的人 一个愤世嫉俗的人
49and asks him, why are you praying?问他,你为什么祈祷?
50You never got an answer back, did you?你从来没有得到一个答案,是吗?
51So why are you praying?那你为什么祈祷?
52And the man thinks about it and is troubled by the cynic's observation.且人思之,而为cy之观察所扰.
53And he falls into a fitful sleep during which he's visited by Hidr, the guide of souls,而他陷入了一场舒适的睡眠, 在此期间他拜访了Hidr,灵魂的向导,
54who says to him, why did you stop praying?谁对他说, 为什么你停止祈祷?
55And he said, well, you know, God never answered me, Allah never answered.他说,嗯,你知道,上帝从来没有回答我,阿拉从来没有回答我。
56And this is what Hidr says to him.这就是Hidr对他说的
57He says, and now I'm quoting from the poem itself, this longing you express is the他说,现在我引用 从诗本身, 这个渴望你的表达是
58return message.返回消息。
59The grief you cry out from draws you toward union.你呼喊的悲伤吸引你走向工会
60Your pure sadness that wants help is the secret cup.你的纯悲哀需要帮助 就是秘密的杯子
61And I have this taped up in my office because I believe that I believe that that's the truth,我办公室里有录音 因为我相信那是事实
62whether we consider ourselves atheists or believers or somewhere in between, to me,无论我们是否认为自己是无神论者或信仰者,或认为自己是介于两者之间的,
63is a false dichotomy.是一种虚假的二分法。
64It美'.
65And I mean, can you share a little bit more about the process that went into我的意思是,你能不能多分享一些 进入的过程
66writing this book and how you ultimately found yourself in this place where Bitter Sweet was the end product?写这本书 以及你最终发现自己 在这个地方 苦甜是最终产品?
67As most of us do, I come from a heritage of love and loss.就像我们大多数人一样,我来自爱和损失的遗产。
68In my case, most members of my family, the previous generations, were killed in the Holocaust on my mother's side and my father's side.就我而言,我家庭的大多数成员,即前几代人,都是在母亲和父亲的大屠杀中被杀害的。
69And I explore in the book the whole phenomenon of inherited grief, both how it transmits to us, both culturally and epigenetically.我在书中探索了继承的悲伤现象, 无论是在文化上还是在史诗上,它是如何传递给我们的。
70And so I think that that's a kind of unconscious backdrop that had been with me from the beginning,所以,我认为这是一个无意识的背景 从一开始,
71of just having a sense of kind of like a tragic view of life, but also a view that I kind of just can't believe how beautiful it is sometimes.感觉就像一种悲惨的人生观, 但也是一种我无法相信它多么美丽的观点。
72So I'm sort of holding those two things at the same time.所以,我有点 持有这两件事 同时。
73And so I just had all these questions about how to make sense of this paradox of life.所以,我刚刚问了很多关于 如何理解这个生活悖论的问题。
74And so I just went off on this five-year journey.于是我开始了五年的旅程。
75I mean, I went and talked to Pete Docter, who is the director at Pixar, who created the movie Inside Out,我是说,我和皮特·多克特谈过了 他是皮克斯的导演 他创作了电影"内幕"
76which is a movie that's really all about sadness and the positive value that sadness has in our lives.这是一部电影, 真正地所有关于悲伤 和悲伤对我们生活的积极价值。
77And as I say, I explored all these wisdom traditions, went and talked to neuroscientists,正如我所说,我探索了所有这些智慧传统, 去和神经科学家交谈,
78spent a lot of time with a psychologist named Dacher Keltner, who's done all this fascinating, groundbreaking work on what he calls our inner compassionate instinct and how花了很多时间和一个心理学家 Dacher Keltner, 他做了所有这些令人着迷,开创性的工作 关于他所谓的我们内心的同情本能和如何
79we're basically evolutionarily designed to react to the sadness of other beings.我们基本上是在进化 设计 以回应其他人的悲伤。
80And this comes from the fact that we're creatures who have to take care of our young, like we don't survive if we don't do that.这是因为我们是必须照顾我们年轻人的生物, 就象我们不这样做就不会生存。
81And so that means that we're primed to respond to the cries of babies, except it radiates out from there.因此,这意味着我们开始回应 婴儿的呼喊, 但它的辐射从那里。
82We don't only respond to our own babies' tears, we end up responding to other babies.我们不仅回应自己的婴儿眼泪,最后还回应其他婴儿.
83And we also end up responding to other beings in general.我们最终也会对其它生物作出反应。
84And we definitely do not get this right, because we also, as Darwin had noticed, Darwin said we have this deep compassionate instinct,我们绝对不能正确理解这一点,因为我们,正如达尔文所注意到的,达尔文说,我们有这种深厚的同情本能,
85but we also have obviously this propensity to these astonishing acts of cruelty.但我们显然也有这种倾向 这些惊人的残酷行为。
86So both of these things are part of us.所以这两种东西都是我们的一部分。
87And the question becomes, how do we most draw on the compassionate side of our deeper instincts?问题是,我们如何从更深层次的本能中 吸取同情?
88There's a question here from Miriam where they ask just about how we can be present for each other as we're feeling different emotions.有个问题来自米里亚姆 他们问我们如何在感情不同的时候 互相陪伴
89The question specifically is, can we be fully present for one another if one is experiencing sadness and the other is happiness?具体的问题是,如果一个人正在经历悲伤,而另一个是幸福,我们能否充分出席?
90Yeah, I think the answer is to be fully present for each other.是的,我想答案是 完全为对方在场。
91And I'll tell you one little hack that I've developed for that.我会告诉你一个我为此开发的小黑客。
92I don't know if hack is the right word, but there's this amazing video that went viral a few years ago.我不知道黑客是否是正确的词, 但有一个惊人的视频 已经病毒化了几年前。
93It was put out by the Cleveland Clinic Hospital, and this was a video that they put together to teach empathy to their caregivers.这是由克利夫兰诊所医院发布的, 这是一张视频,他们集成 来教导他们的照顾者同情。
94And the way they did this is they had a camera kind of moving through the corridors of the hospital,他们这样做的方式是 他们有一个摄像头类型 移动在医院的走廊,
95lingering for a moment on the face of this passerby or that passerby, just the way you would do in normal life, right?站在这个路人或那个路人脸上呆了一会儿, 就像你平时一样,对吧?
96You're like walking through and you just see people as you go and you're not really thinking that much about it,你就像走过去,你只是看到人 当你去,你并没有真正思考它,
97except that in the case of this video, they had little captions underneath each random person that you were passing by.但对于这段视频, 他们的小标题 在每一个随机的人, 你路过。
98And sometimes the captions were joyful ones, like just learn that he's going to be a father for the first time.有时候这些字幕很愉快 就像第一次知道他会成为父亲一样
99But because we're in a hospital, more often the captions are not so joyful.但是,因为我们在医院里, 更多的是标题不是那么快乐。
100And it's things like, you know, caption under a little girl saying goodbye to her father for the for the last time, things like that.这就像,你知道, 标题在一个小女孩下 跟她的父亲告别最后一次, 类似的事情。
101And like you, you literally you cannot watch this video without tearing up.和你一样,你实际上不能不撕裂就看这个视频。
102It's impossible, which is why it went viral.这是不可能的, 这就是为什么它去病毒。
103You also become aware as you're watching it, you're not only tearing up.你也在看的时候意识到,你不仅在撕裂.
104You literally are are having the sensation of expanding chest muscles like you can feel it physically and literally.你的胸肌正在膨胀 就像你身体上和字面上都能感觉到
105And and we actually know from the work of Decker Keltner, who I was just talking about, that that we have our vagus nerve,我们从德克·凯尔特纳(Decker Keltner)的作品中 了解到我们有胆量
106which is the biggest bundle of nerves in our body.这是我们体内最大的神经
107And it governs our most fundamental instincts like breathing and digestion.它支配我们最基本的本能 比如呼吸和消化
108You know, it's really basic.你知道,这是非常基本的。
109But your vagus nerve also responds and fires up when it sees somebody else in distress.但你的阴险神经也会反应 当它看到另一个人陷入困境时会起火
110So, you know, this is a very deep and fundamental impulse.所以,你知道,这是一个非常深刻和根本性的冲动。
111And what I take from the the lesson of that Cleveland Clinic video is just the simple我从克利夫兰诊所的录像中吸取的教训很简单
112exercise of imagining what people's captions are as you walk through the world.在你走遍世界时 想象人们的字幕
113You know, you don't necessarily know them, but now I'll go into a grocery store.你知道,你不一定知道他们, 但现在我要去一个杂货店。
114And as the person's ringing up my groceries and thinking, what's her caption?当那个人在敲我的杂物和思考时 她的字幕是什么?
115You know, what is it?你知道,这是什么?
116And it's a completely different way of interacting with people once you do that.它是一个完全不同的方法 与人互动 一旦你这样做。
117And connected to this, Gordon asks how your experience with the pandemic and lockdown与此相关,戈登问 如何经历大流行和封锁
118informed the writing of the book.告知了这本书的写作。
119Did it change the book from what you initially envisioned it to be?这是否改变了你最初设想的书?
120My father and my brother actually passed away from Covid quite early during the pandemic.我父亲和我哥哥在这场大流行中 早早从科维德去世了
121There was something about grappling with these subjects for years, as I had been doing,多年来我一直在努力研究这些课题
122that actually helped me pass through those particular moments and weather those particular moments.帮助我渡过这些特殊的时刻 渡过这些特殊的时刻
123Like, I guess I'll just give you one specific example.我想我会给你一个具体的例子
124So one of the wisdom traditions that I found most illuminating,因此我发现最有启发性的智慧传统之一
125and I wrote about this in the book, it's the one that Leonard Cohen's song comes from,我在书里写了这个 是Leonard Cohen的歌的来源
126you know, the idea of light coming from the crack and everything.你知道,光从裂缝和一切。
127So he got that from the Kabbalah, which is the mystical side of the Jewish tradition.因此他从卡巴拉那里得到了这个,这是犹太传统神秘的一面.
128And one of the fundamental stories in the Kabbalah is the idea that all of creationKabbalah的基本故事之一 就是所有创造
129originally was one divine vessel of light that ultimately shatter原本是一个神圣的光线 最终会粉碎
130and that now we're living in the world after the shattering,而现在我们生活在世界 在震碎后,
131but these divine shards of light are still scattered all around us但是,这些神圣的光芒仍然散落在我们周围
132and they're buried in the mud all around us.他们埋在我们周围的泥土里
133And so our job is to walk through the world and pick up the shards where we can所以,我们的工作是走遍世界 和捡起的硬块,我们可以
134and maybe shine them up a little bit.也许能给他们一点亮光
135And the beauty is that I'm going to see one set of shards,美丽的是,我会看到 一组硬盘,
136but you're going to notice completely different ones.但你会注意到完全不同的
137So we all go around and pick up our own.所以我们都绕过去 自己去捡
138When my father passed away from COVID, like, I started reflecting on his life.当我父亲从COVID去世的时候 我开始思考他的生活
139And my father is a person who he was a doctor and a med school professor,我父亲是个医生和医学院教授
140and he worked really, really hard and did great work.他非常努力地工作 做了伟大的工作
141And at the same time that he did all that, he also he would perform these,在他完成这一切的同时 他也会表演这些
142you could call them senseless acts of beauty, maybe he loved orchids.你可以称之为毫无意义的美丽行为, 也许他喜欢兰花。
143So he built a greenhouse full of orchids in our basement for really no reason所以他在我们的地下室 建造了一座满是兰花的温室
144other than that he loved orchids.除了他喜欢兰花
145And so he grew them and gazed at them.于是他种了它们,并凝视着它们。
146And he loved the French language.他喜欢法语
147So he learned how to speak French, even though he had no time to visit France所以他学会了说法语 虽然他没有时间去法国
148and rarely did.也很少这样做。
149But he would sit there and learn it and loved the act of learning it.但他会坐在那里学习它,并喜欢学习它的行为.
150And there were so many different things like this that he did.他做了很多不同的事情。
151And when he died, I started thinking about all those acts of beauty他死后,我开始想那些美的举动
152that he had performed in his work and in these seemingly senseless acts of beauty.他的作品和这些貌似毫无意义的美貌
153And I framed them all as shards that he had been picking up all his life.我把他们都说成是 他毕生都在捡的硬币
154And that was, yeah, that was a really helpful way of thinking of him对,那是对他很有帮助的思考方式
155and remembering him and bringing me to some form of peace with his loss.怀念他 带着他的损失带给我某种和平
156As we slowly come out of the pandemic, how can we better normalize当我们慢慢走出这种流行病,我们如何更好地实现正常化?
157talking about loss and talking about these feelings that you've谈论失去和谈论这些感觉
158you've mentioned our culture sort of shies away from?你提过我们的文化有点离谱吗?
159Well, I think it's really helpful to start in our organizations.我觉得从我们的组织开始是很有帮助的
160I mean, we can obviously start privately, which in some ways is the easiest我的意思是,我们显然可以私下开始, 在某些方面是最简单的
161because we don't have to corral anybody else to do it.因为我们不需要说服别人去做
162But in our organizations,但是在我们的组织里
163there are small steps that we can take.我们可以采取一些小步骤。
164So I'm thinking, for example, I do a lot of public speaking所以我想,比如说,我做很多公开演讲
165and lately Zoom talks where I come in and talk about introversion最近Zom谈到我进来 谈论内向
166and I guess now a bittersweetness.我想现在有点苦了
167But but anyway, I did one not that long ago.但总之,我不久前做了一次
168It was a Zoom call.那是一个Zoom电话。
169And we were talking about the power of introverts.我们谈论的是内向者的力量。
170And the call started with a chat, just the way this one did.电话是从聊天开始的 就像这次一样
171And the organizer asked them a question like, how is everybody feeling today?组织者问他们一个问题, 每个人今天感觉如何?
172And everybody typed in, you know, I'm feeling great.每个人都打入,你知道, 我感觉很好。
173I'm feeling excited.我觉得很兴奋。
174I'm feeling joyful, feeling all these things.我感到快乐, 感觉这一切。
175And I love it if they were in fact feeling that way.我喜欢他们那样的感觉
176That's awesome.这是真棒。
177And I also ask, what is the chance that everybody truly was feeling that way?我也问,什么是机会 每个人都真的有这样的感觉?
178Like this long list of people coming into the chat.喜欢这长列表的人 进入聊天。
179What's the chance that was accurate?什么机会是准确的?
180Maybe zero percent.也许百分之零。
181I would love to see us develop ways.我很想看到我们发展方式。
182And maybe the way to start is with anonymous chats也许开始的方式 是匿名聊天
183or an option to be anonymous in chats.或者在聊天时匿名的选项。
184But for for organizers and for team leaders and so on to be asking,但为了组织者 以及团队领导等等
185what are you all truly feeling?你们到底有什么感觉?
186What are you going through right now?你现在要经历什么?
187And again, maybe anonymous and maybe not.再说一遍,也许匿名,也许不是
188When we're gathering in person, we could have whiteboards up in schools.等我们亲自聚在一起的时候 学校可以放白板
189They sometimes do this and they call it a parking lot where people could just他们有时这样做 他们称之为停车场 人们可以只是
190write down what they're going through that day, the joys and the sorrows写下他们那天经历的一切 欢乐和悲伤
191so that people start becoming aware of kind of like the normality让人们开始意识到 那种正常
192of what actual experience is.真实经验是什么?
193We as a society need to figure out how we can start我们作为一个社会需要 找出如何开始
194telling the truth of what it's like to be alive.说真言曰生时所生.
195That's what I would say.我会这么说的
196I mean, that's actually it's the reason I write books.这正是我写书的原因
197That's how I always think of it.我总是这么想
198It's like there's really no point other than telling这就像真的没有什么意义 除了告诉
199a truth that isn't otherwise being spoken out loud.真相是不会被大声说出来的
200And and there's also an incredible safety in numbers.并且数字上也有一个不可思议的安全。
201You know, once lots of people start talking about the same thing,你知道,一旦很多人开始谈论同样的事情,
202it suddenly becomes OK to tell that particular truth说出这个特别的真相 突然就没事了
203of what it's like to be alive.活着的感觉
204So we have to just find ways of of telling it.因此,我们必须找到 方法来告诉它。
205And then more and more people will share it.然后,越来越多的人会分享它。
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