气温变化下，被迫上岸的北极熊正在寻找退路
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:04 | When you think of a polar bear, you might think white, cold, | 当你想到北极熊的时候,你可能会觉得白的,冷的, |
| 0:08 | cute, fuzzy, huggable. | 可爱,模糊,可拥抱。 |
| 0:11 | Or maybe you feel a bit sad, | 或者你觉得有点伤心 |
| 0:13 | imagining a polar bear floating away on a melting-ice flow. | 想象一只北极熊漂浮在融冰流上 |
| 0:17 | Either way, there's a good chance that for you, | 不管怎么样 对你来说 很有可能 |
| 0:19 | polar bears are a distant reality. | 北极熊是一个遥远的现实。 |
| 0:22 | But think of those living and working in the Arctic. | 但想想那些在北极生活和工作的人。 |
| 0:25 | For them, melting ice doesn't mean polar bears floating away. | 对于它们来说,融化的冰并不意味着北极熊漂移. |
| 0:28 | It means the bear is getting stuck on land | 这意味着熊被困在陆地上 |
| 0:30 | and more desperate to get out of the Arctic. | 更渴望离开北极 |
展开字幕全文（229 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | When you think of a polar bear, you might think white, cold, | 当你想到北极熊的时候,你可能会觉得白的,冷的, |
| 2 | cute, fuzzy, huggable. | 可爱,模糊,可拥抱。 |
| 3 | Or maybe you feel a bit sad, | 或者你觉得有点伤心 |
| 4 | imagining a polar bear floating away on a melting-ice flow. | 想象一只北极熊漂浮在融冰流上 |
| 5 | Either way, there's a good chance that for you, | 不管怎么样 对你来说 很有可能 |
| 6 | polar bears are a distant reality. | 北极熊是一个遥远的现实。 |
| 7 | But think of those living and working in the Arctic. | 但想想那些在北极生活和工作的人。 |
| 8 | For them, melting ice doesn't mean polar bears floating away. | 对于它们来说,融化的冰并不意味着北极熊漂移. |
| 9 | It means the bear is getting stuck on land | 这意味着熊被困在陆地上 |
| 10 | and more desperate to get out of the Arctic. | 更渴望离开北极 |
| 11 | For them, polar bears can be a daily reality. | 对它们来说,北极熊可以是日常的现实. |
| 12 | And whether this reality feels safe or scary | 现实是安全还是恐怖 |
| 13 | depends on how well-prepared people are | 取决于人们是否准备好 |
| 14 | to coexist with the world's largest four-legged predator. | 与世界上最大的四脚掠食者共存。 |
| 15 | After working and living off and on with polar bears for over 12 years, | 在和北极熊一起工作生活了12年之后, |
| 16 | I know coexisting with them can be a challenge, | 我知道和他们共存会是一个挑战 |
| 17 | and it will only get more challenging | 只会更艰难 |
| 18 | as climate change forces our species | 因为气候变化迫使我们的物种 |
| 19 | to increasingly overlap in the coming decades. | 在未来几十年中,工作日益重叠。 |
| 20 | With my organization, Polar Bears International, | 与我的组织,极地熊国际, |
| 21 | I'm focused on conserving wild polar bears | 我专注于保护野生北极熊 |
| 22 | while respecting and assisting those | 尊重并协助他们 |
| 23 | who share their coastlines with this carnivore. | 他们与这个食人鱼分享他们的海岸线。 |
| 24 | To understand how to best coexist with polar bears, | 要了解如何最好地与北极熊共存, |
| 25 | we first need to understand them. | 我们首先需要了解他们。 |
| 26 | And I think one of the best places to start | 我想是开局最好的地方之一 |
| 27 | is with one of the most common questions I get asked, | 我最常被问到的问题之一 |
| 28 | which is, how are they actually doing? | 他们到底在做什么? |
| 29 | It's a great question. | 问曰. |
| 30 | It's simple, but the answer has some nuance | 很简单,但答案有些细微 |
| 31 | and can depend on where we're looking in time and space. | 取决于我们的时间和空间 |
| 32 | If we could pause time and stop all the impacts we're having on the planet, | 如果我们能暂停时间 并停止我们所有 撞击地球, |
| 33 | then sure, right now, the species would be OK. | 那肯定,现在, 物种会好起来的。 |
| 34 | We still have about 25,000 polar bears spread across the Arctic, | 我们还有大约25,000只北极熊分布在北极 |
| 35 | split into 19 different populations in Canada, Russia, Norway, | 在加拿大、俄罗斯、挪威, |
| 36 | Greenland and Alaska. | 格陵兰和阿拉斯加. |
| 37 | But obviously, we can't pause time. | 但是很明显 我们不能暂停时间 |
| 38 | The world is warming, | 世界在变暖, |
| 39 | and the Arctic is warming faster than anywhere. | 北极地区变暖的速度比任何地方都快 |
| 40 | If we did nothing to change our current path, | 如果我们不做任何事情来改变我们目前的道路, |
| 41 | we could lose most of the world's polar bears | 我们可能会失去世界上大部分北极熊 |
| 42 | by the end of the century due to habitat loss. | 由于栖息地的丧失,本世纪末之前 |
| 43 | Populations are experiencing changes at different rates, | 人口变化的速度不同 |
| 44 | depending on where they are, | 取决于他们在哪里, |
| 45 | but ultimately, all will be impacted | 但最终,一切都会受到影响 |
| 46 | unless we collectively switch to cleaner energies. | 除非我们集体转向清洁能源。 |
| 47 | So we're racing time to tackle climate change in the long term, | 所以我们要花时间解决长期气候变化 |
| 48 | and in the short term, | 在短期内, |
| 49 | trying to keep as many polar bears in the wild as possible. | 尽量让北极熊留在野外 |
| 50 | But in the short term, | 但在短期内, |
| 51 | one of the biggest hurdles these charismatic megafauna face is us. | 这些有魅力的巨型动物面对的最大障碍之一是我们。 |
| 52 | Polar bears use the frozen ocean | 北极熊利用冰冻的海洋 |
| 53 | for traveling, mating and hunting their main prey, seals. | 用于旅行,交配和猎杀他们的主要猎物,海豹. |
| 54 | Specifically, high-calorie seal blubber. | 具体来说,是高卡路里海豹脂. |
| 55 | Polar bears can't out-swim seals, | 北极熊不能出游海豹, |
| 56 | so they use the sea ice to sneak up on unsuspecting prey. | 所以他们利用海冰 偷偷摸摸地捕捉到可疑的猎物 |
| 57 | Polar bears need sea ice for sustenance and survival. | 北极熊需要海冰来维持生存 |
| 58 | Period. | 期间。 |
| 59 | So what happens when ice bears start losing their ice? | 当冰熊开始失去冰时会发生什么? |
| 60 | They get stuck on land and they get hungry. | 他们被困在陆地上,饥饿。 |
| 61 | Polar bears want and need blubber, | 北极熊需要和需要脂肪, |
| 62 | but they're still bears, | 但他们仍然是熊 |
| 63 | so they will follow their noses to fill their tummies, | 故他们依著他们的鼻子, |
| 64 | whatever that takes. | 无论需要什么。 |
| 65 | But it takes a lot. | 但它需要很多钱。 |
| 66 | Just one polar bear needs a lot of seals, | 一只北极熊需要很多海豹 |
| 67 | and just one seal is equal to about 74 snow geese, | 只有一只海豹相当于大约74只雪雁 |
| 68 | or 216 snow goose eggs. | 216个雪雁蛋 |
| 69 | It's a big omelet. | 大煎饼. |
| 70 | Or three million crowberries. | 或三百万乌鸦莓. |
| 71 | This amount of food doesn't exist on the tundra. | 这种数量的食物在苔原上并不存在. |
| 72 | In quantities great enough to sustain a population | 数量足以维持人口 |
| 73 | of blubber-hunting ice bears. | 捕鲸的冰熊 |
| 74 | So when polar bears can't find good food to eat, | 所以当北极熊找不到好食物吃的时候 |
| 75 | just like people, they'll fill up on junk food. | 就像人一样,他们会用垃圾食品填充。 |
| 76 | And for polar bears, junk food is human food. | 对于北极熊来说 垃圾食品是人类的食物 |
| 77 | And for a hungry bear, | 对于一只饥饿的熊, |
| 78 | the best late-night fast-food takeout | 最好的深夜快餐外卖 |
| 79 | can be their northern neighborhood's trash. | 可能是他们北部街区的垃圾 |
| 80 | But we have a saying in conservation. | 但我们有一句保护的话 |
| 81 | A fed bear is a dead bear, | 食用熊是一头死熊, |
| 82 | and this has major implications for coexistence. | 这对共处有着重大影响。 |
| 83 | Many people work and live across the North, | 很多人在北边工作和生活 |
| 84 | and some indigenous cultures have centuries-old | 一些土著文化已有几百年历史 |
| 85 | deep knowledge of polar bears. | 对北极熊有很深的了解 |
| 86 | But as the world is warming, | 但随着世界变暖 |
| 87 | and bears are spending more time on land, | 熊在陆地上花更多的时间 |
| 88 | more people are moving north | 越来越多的人向北移动 |
| 89 | and also spending more time on the land, | 并花费更多的时间 在土地上, |
| 90 | and bringing with them more food and more garbage, | 并带给他们更多的食物和垃圾, |
| 91 | and they might not be so bear-aware. | 他们可能不会这么意识到 |
| 92 | This is a rising safety concern for humans, | 这是人类越来越担心的安全 |
| 93 | who are always the number one priority. | 他们总是第一优先。 |
| 94 | It's also a concern for the bears, | 这也是熊的担心 |
| 95 | because when a polar bear has a negative encounter with a human, | 因为当北极熊与人类发生负接触时, |
| 96 | it risks being taken out of the population in a defense kill, | 它有被从人群中取出 在国防杀戮, |
| 97 | which is the legal killing of an animal to defend life or property. | 为了保护生命或财产而合法杀害动物。 |
| 98 | Now here, I should also mention that in parts of their range, | 现在,我还要提到,在他们的一些范围, |
| 99 | polar bears are harvested under a quota system, | 北极熊是在配额制度下收获的, |
| 100 | informed by science and indigenous knowledge. | 以科学和土著知识为指导。 |
| 101 | If I don't mention it, people can think I'm hiding it, | 如果我不提,人们会以为我藏起来了 |
| 102 | and when I do, they can be surprised that I'm not opposed. | 当我这样做,他们会惊讶 我不反对。 |
| 103 | It is incredibly important | 这很重要 |
| 104 | that we protect the rights of indigenous peoples | 我们保护土著人民的权利 |
| 105 | to practice their traditions, | 实践他们的传统, |
| 106 | and right now, | 现在 |
| 107 | that practice is not a significant threat to the species. | 这种做法并不是对该物种的重大威胁。 |
| 108 | Where we could see population-level impacts | 我们可以看到人口层面的影响 |
| 109 | is through climate change, | 是通过气候变化, |
| 110 | or if defense kills, which count toward quotas, | 或如果国防杀人, 这算配额, |
| 111 | defense kills start rising above the relatively low quotas. | 国防杀戮开始超过相对较低的配额。 |
| 112 | That's when I worry. | 这时我担心。 |
| 113 | But people can't worry about conservation | 但人们不能担心保护 |
| 114 | when their lives are at risk. | 当他们的生命面临危险的时候 |
| 115 | So we need to help limit negative polar bear encounters | 所以我们需要帮助限制负北极熊的遭遇 |
| 116 | and support people in protecting themselves | 并支持人民保护自己 |
| 117 | with whatever tools work best for them. | 拥有对他们最有用的工具 |
| 118 | And to help with that, | 为了帮忙 |
| 119 | we can provide tools that are non-lethal. | 我们可以提供非致命的工具。 |
| 120 | Luckily, non-lethal tools are available, | 幸运的是,没有致命的工具, |
| 121 | and more are being developed, particularly in Canada, | 并正在开发更多的技术,特别是在加拿大, |
| 122 | which is home to two-thirds of the world's polar bears. | 这是世界上三分之二北极熊的家园 |
| 123 | And one of the best testing grounds for tools | 也是最好的工具测试基地之一 |
| 124 | is in the self-proclaimed polar bear capital of the world, | 在自封的世界北极熊之都, |
| 125 | Churchill, Manitoba. | 丘吉尔 马尼托巴 |
| 126 | Churchill is home to the western Hudson Bay population, | 丘吉尔是哈德逊湾西部居民的家园 |
| 127 | some of the best-studied and most southern polar bears in the world. | 一些研究最丰富的北极熊和世界上最南端的北极熊. |
| 128 | In this region, the ice-free season is lengthening, | 在这个区域,无冰季节正在延长, |
| 129 | meaning these bears are on land longer | 意味着这些熊在陆地上的时间更长 |
| 130 | and have less access to calories compared to their grandparents. | 和他们的祖父母相比,他们获得的热量较少。 |
| 131 | This does not mean all the bears are starving to death. | 这并不意味着所有的熊都饿死。 |
| 132 | It means the females are having a harder time having cubs, | 意思是雌性有幼崽比较难受 |
| 133 | the cubs are having a harder time becoming adults, | 幼崽们很难长大 |
| 134 | and some bears have just moved elsewhere in search of better conditions. | 有些熊为了寻找更好的条件 刚搬到别处 |
| 135 | As a result, this population has declined from about 1,200 bears in the 1980s | 因此,这一人口已从1980年代的大约1 200只熊下降。 |
| 136 | to just over 600 today, almost 50 percent. | 大约50%。 |
| 137 | Churchill is also home to about 900 people, | 丘吉尔也是大约900人的家园 |
| 138 | but grows by thousands during tourist season. | 但是在旅游季节增长数千人 |
| 139 | And visitors do sometimes ask me, | 访客有时会问我 |
| 140 | do polar bears really come into town or is this some tourism ploy? | 北极熊真的来镇上 还是这是旅游策略? |
| 141 | Oh yeah, they come into town. | 哦,是的,他们进来了。 |
| 142 | So this is from last fall, | 所以这是去年秋天的 |
| 143 | which is in bear season, October, November, in Churchill, | 在熊季,十月,十一月 在丘吉尔, |
| 144 | and the local woman had gone out to her living room about 4 a.m. | 当地妇女大约凌晨4点前去她的客厅。 |
| 145 | and watched this through her window, | 透过窗户看这个 |
| 146 | and no doubt she called the polar bear alert hotline right after, | 无疑她之后就拨打北极熊警报热线 |
| 147 | which is a real thing. | 这是真的 |
| 148 | But you can tell how big they are, curious, | 但你能分辨出它们有多大 好奇 |
| 149 | and pretty rude. | 而且很无礼 |
| 150 | So polar bears are an economic keystone in Churchill, | 北极熊是丘吉尔的经济支柱 |
| 151 | driving tourism and creating jobs. | 推动旅游业和创造就业机会。 |
| 152 | It's important Churchill protects them and their people, | 这是重要的丘吉尔 保护他们和他们的人民, |
| 153 | which they do through a wide variety of efforts, | 他们通过各种努力, |
| 154 | but one of the most interesting and effective is their waste management. | 但其中最有趣和最有效的是他们的废物管理。 |
| 155 | Unsurprisingly, Churchill's garbage dump used to be outdoors, | 毫不奇怪,丘吉尔的垃圾场 曾经是在户外, |
| 156 | which was fine until it became a popular polar bear buffet. | 直到它成为流行的北极熊自助餐 |
| 157 | So this is a problem for the bears' health, | 所以这是熊的健康问题 |
| 158 | but also because when they're on their way to the snack bar, | 也因为他们在去小吃店的路上 |
| 159 | they risk bumping into people. | 他们冒着遇到人的危险 |
| 160 | Polar bears are no more likely to actively hunt and kill people | 北极熊不可能再积极猎杀人类了 |
| 161 | than black bears, | 比黑熊还厉害 |
| 162 | but they are more likely to attack near towns, | 但是他们更可能攻击城市附近, |
| 163 | especially when food is nearby. | 尤其是当食物就在附近的时候 |
| 164 | So Churchill did the smart thing, | 所以丘吉尔做了聪明的事 |
| 165 | and they've just moved their garbage dump indoors. | 他们刚把垃圾堆搬进室内 |
| 166 | Now the bears can't even get to it. | 现在,熊甚至不能得到它。 |
| 167 | They also installed residential bear-resistant bins, | 他们还安装了耐熊的住宅垃圾箱, |
| 168 | so no polar bear with late-night munchies in this town | 所以这个镇上没有深夜的北极熊 |
| 169 | gets any rotten food rewards. | 得到任何烂食品奖励。 |
| 170 | Churchill continues to evolve their waste management | 丘吉尔继续发展他们的废物管理 |
| 171 | because it's key in coexistence, | 因为这是共存的关键 |
| 172 | but not everywhere can do what Churchill's done, | 但并不是任何地方都能像丘吉尔那样 |
| 173 | so we need more options. | 所以我们需要更多的选择。 |
| 174 | Polar Bears International is working on innovative technologies | 极地熊国际正在研究创新技术 |
| 175 | that could help provide longer lead times | 有助于提供较长的准备时间 |
| 176 | between when polar bears and people meet | 当北极熊和人类相遇时 |
| 177 | or prevent them from meeting altogether. | 或阻止他们相会。 |
| 178 | Just one example, GPS tracking. | 就一个例子,GPS追踪。 |
| 179 | It can tell us where, when and why polar bears move. | 它能告诉我们北极熊在哪里、何时和为何移动。 |
| 180 | It's critical data, | 这是关键的数据, |
| 181 | but we've only successfully collared adult females. | 但我们只成功抓捕成年雌性 |
| 182 | Adult males have these, like, pylon heads | 成年雄性有这些一样, 铁龙头 |
| 183 | with necks thicker than their skulls, | 脖子比头骨还厚。 |
| 184 | and they just pull collars right off. | 他们只是把领子拉下来。 |
| 185 | And then the subadults are still growing. | 然则次阿弥陀佛犹在增长. |
| 186 | And this is really too bad, | 这真的太糟糕了, |
| 187 | because the subadults or the teenagers often cause the most trouble. | 因为潜伏者或青少年 往往带来最大的麻烦。 |
| 188 | Big surprise. | 吓一跳 |
| 189 | So we've started working with 3M, | 我们开始和3M合作了 |
| 190 | the sticky stuff company that makes post-it notes. | 粘着的东西公司 制作它的后笔记。 |
| 191 | And they're helping us figure out how to stick a tracker to any bear's fur. | 他们正在帮助我们找出 如何在任何熊的皮毛上贴上追踪器。 |
| 192 | These bur on fur tags could be a conservation game-changer, | 这些毛皮标签上的布 可能是一个保护游戏的改变者, |
| 193 | letting us temporarily tag any bear that comes too close to a community, | 让我们暂时标记任何 靠近社区的小熊, |
| 194 | and upon relocation, | 在迁移时, |
| 195 | we can track that bear and intercept it before it gets too close. | 我们可以追踪那只熊 并在它靠近之前拦截它 |
| 196 | This could help reduce stumps for diving | 这能帮助减少潜水的树桩 |
| 197 | and reduce negative human-bear encounters, | 并减少人类的负面相遇, |
| 198 | keeping both species safer. | 保护两个物种的安全 |
| 199 | We also hope the tags could be used on other species | 我们也希望这些标签能用在其他物种上 |
| 200 | that maybe need some support staying away from us humans. | 也许需要一些支持 远离我们人类。 |
| 201 | So there's different coexistence tools | 所以有不同的共存工具 |
| 202 | being worked on for different needs across the north, | 正在为整个北方的不同需求而努力, |
| 203 | but we can't talk about conservation | 但我们不能谈论保护 |
| 204 | without mentioning one of the most important tools of all, | 不提最重要的工具之一, |
| 205 | education. | 教育。 |
| 206 | If you are going into bear country, polar or otherwise, | 如果你要进入熊国, 极地或其他, |
| 207 | please get bear aware. | 请让熊知道。 |
| 208 | Stay together, secure your snacks, | 呆在一起,确保你的零食, |
| 209 | and carry a deterrent like flares or bangers or bear spray. | 并装有像照明弹、爆破机或熊喷雾一样的威慑装置。 |
| 210 | Bear spray works, even in the cold and the wind. | 熊的喷雾有效,即使在寒冷和风中也是如此. |
| 211 | But finally, the number one most important coexistence tool we have | 但最后,我们拥有最重要的共存工具 |
| 212 | is our willingness to cut carbon emissions | 我们愿意减少碳排放 |
| 213 | and stop trapping so much heat in our atmosphere. | 别再在大气层里装满热量 |
| 214 | But on that note, I have some optimism. | 但是,在这方面,我有些乐观。 |
| 215 | Sea ice is very responsive to atmospheric temperatures. | 海冰对大气温度反应非常敏捷. |
| 216 | We can keep this habitat in the Arctic, | 我们可以把这个栖息地留在北极 |
| 217 | but it will mean drastically reducing our emissions | 但是,这将意味着大幅减少我们的排放量 |
| 218 | and eventually getting them to zero. | 最终将它们变成零 |
| 219 | Polar bears are fat, white, hairy canaries in the coal mine, | 极地熊在煤矿中是肥胖的,白色的,毛细的金丝雀, |
| 220 | warning us to act now. | 警告我们现在就行动 |
| 221 | The faster we switch to cleaner energies, | 我们转换到更清洁的能源的速度越快, |
| 222 | the better we can protect future generations of polar bears and people. | 我们能更好地保护北极熊和人类的后代 |
| 223 | I'd be lying if I said I wasn't worried, | 如果我说我不担心,我会说谎 |
| 224 | but action is the best antidote to anxiety, | 但行动是治疗焦虑的最好方法 |
| 225 | and I'm working to ensure climate change doesn't separate our species for good. | 我正在努力确保气候变化不会把我们的物种永远分开。 |
| 226 | But until then, it's bringing us too close together. | 但在此之前,它让我们太接近了。 |
| 227 | Coexistence is the only option. | 共存是唯一的选择。 |
| 228 | Let's make it safe for all. | 令一切众生安住. |
| 229 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
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