TED演讲：美国医疗体系是如何让黑人母亲失望的？
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:04 | If I could turn back the clock and bring Shalon back, | 如果我能把钟调回 把沙隆带回来 |
| 0:07 | I would literally do anything. | 我会做任何事情。 |
| 0:12 | I would happily give everything | 我很乐意付出一切 |
| 0:14 | if I could see her smiling face once again. | 如果我能再次看到她的笑脸。 |
| 0:18 | But sadly, even if Shalon were here, | 但可悲的是,即使沙隆在这里, |
| 0:21 | it would not change the fact that between 700 to 800 women | 它不会改变700至800名妇女的事实。 |
| 0:27 | die each year in America | 每年在美国死亡 |
| 0:29 | from pregnancy and childbirth-related complications. | 怀孕和分娩并发症。 |
| 0:34 | The choice to have a child should never equate to a death sentence. | 生孩子的选择绝不应等同于死刑。 |
| 0:42 | The rate of maternal deaths in America is utterly appalling. | 美国的产妇死亡率非常惊人。 |
展开字幕全文（230 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | If I could turn back the clock and bring Shalon back, | 如果我能把钟调回 把沙隆带回来 |
| 2 | I would literally do anything. | 我会做任何事情。 |
| 3 | I would happily give everything | 我很乐意付出一切 |
| 4 | if I could see her smiling face once again. | 如果我能再次看到她的笑脸。 |
| 5 | But sadly, even if Shalon were here, | 但可悲的是,即使沙隆在这里, |
| 6 | it would not change the fact that between 700 to 800 women | 它不会改变700至800名妇女的事实。 |
| 7 | die each year in America | 每年在美国死亡 |
| 8 | from pregnancy and childbirth-related complications. | 怀孕和分娩并发症。 |
| 9 | The choice to have a child should never equate to a death sentence. | 生孩子的选择绝不应等同于死刑。 |
| 10 | The rate of maternal deaths in America is utterly appalling. | 美国的产妇死亡率非常惊人。 |
| 11 | 2017年,NPR和ProPublica报道美国 | |
| 12 | has the highest rate of maternal mortality | 产妇死亡率最高; |
| 13 | of any developed country in the world. | 在世界上任何发达国家。 |
| 14 | And the United States is the only country | 美国是唯一的国家 |
| 15 | where that rate is steadily rising. | 失业率稳步上升。 |
| 16 | Black mothers like Shalon remain the primary group | 像沙隆这样的黑人母亲 仍然是首要群体 |
| 17 | for maternal mortality. | 产妇死亡率。 |
| 18 | It is truly reprehensible | 这真是应该受到谴责的 |
| 19 | that Black women die at a rate of three to four times that of white women. | 黑人女性的死亡率是白人女性的三到四倍 |
| 20 | It is absolutely shameful | 这是绝对可耻的 |
| 21 | that 60% of those deaths are totally preventable, | 60%的死亡是完全可以预防的, |
| 22 | as was my daughter's. | 和我女儿一样 |
| 23 | And here's a shocking fact. | 这是一个令人震惊的事实。 |
| 24 | According to the report by Health Resources and Services Administration, | 根据卫生资源和服务管理局的报告, |
| 25 | the difference in risk has been steadily unchanged | 风险差异保持不变 |
| 26 | for the past six decades? | 过去六十年? |
| 27 | Six decades. | 六十年来. |
| 28 | Clearly, current efforts to address maternal mortality rates | 显然,目前为解决产妇死亡率问题所作的努力 |
| 29 | and the racial and health disparities in that area | 种族和健康方面的不平等 |
| 30 | remain woefully inadequate. | 仍然严重不足。 |
| 31 | Only when race stops being the precursor to how Black women are treated | 只有当种族停止成为黑人女性待遇的前身时 |
| 32 | or not treated in the health care system, | 或未在保健系统接受治疗; |
| 33 | then outcomes will be drastically different. | 然后结果就会大不相同 |
| 34 | I want to be abundantly clear now. | 我现在想说清楚 |
| 35 | The medical community is failing Black mothers in America. | 医学界正在失败 美国黑人母亲。 |
| 36 | For decades, Black women have been dismissed, | 几十年来,黑人妇女被解雇了 |
| 37 | ignored, disregarded, | 无视,无视, |
| 38 | or at the very least, | 或至少, |
| 39 | they have been not taken seriously | 他们没有被认真对待 |
| 40 | in their interactions with the health care system. | 在与保健系统互动方面。 |
| 41 | It's not uncommon for Black women to experience racism and discrimination | 黑人女性遭受种族主义和歧视的情况并不罕见 |
| 42 | by medical providers. | 医护人员。 |
| 43 | That racism can be blatantly overt or covertly subtle, | 种族主义是公然公开的或隐蔽的, |
| 44 | but make no mistake, it is there. | 但不要错,它就在那里。 |
| 45 | It didn't matter that Shalon had dual PhD in sociology and gerontology. | 沙隆拥有社会学和老年学的双重博士学位并不重要. |
| 46 | It didn't even matter that Shalon had two master's degrees, | 沙隆有两个硕士学位也没关系 |
| 47 | one of them a master's in public health from Johns Hopkins. | 其中一个是约翰霍普金斯的公共卫生硕士 |
| 48 | It made no difference that Shalon was a lieutenant commander | 沙隆是中校没有区别 |
| 49 | in the U.S. Public Health Service, | 美国公共卫生局 |
| 50 | an alumnus of the world-renowned Epidemic Intelligence Service, | 世界知名的流行病情报局的校友, |
| 51 | a highly respected epidemiologist at the Centers for Disease Control, | 疾病控制中心一位受人尊敬的流行病学家, |
| 52 | and president of her own diversity company. | 也是她自己多样性公司的总裁 |
| 53 | She was still a Black woman, | 她还是个黑人女人 |
| 54 | a Black woman accessing a system that saw her as a stereotype | 黑人妇女进入一个将她视为定型观念的系统 |
| 55 | and responded to her as such. | 对她如此回应 |
| 56 | During the three weeks after her child was born, | 在她孩子出生后的三周内 |
| 57 | Shalon went to her health care providers again and again in distress. | 沙隆一次又一次地在困境中去找她的保健人员. |
| 58 | Obviously, with her education and training, she could, | 显然,通过她的教育和培训,她可以, |
| 59 | and she did, | 而她却做了, |
| 60 | articulate her concerns very clearly. | 明确表达她的关切。 |
| 61 | Yet her cries for help were minimized and dismissed | 然而她的求救之声却被小声地删除了 |
| 62 | by the covert bias of her medical provider. | 她的医护人员有隐蔽的偏见 |
| 63 | That very bias, fueled by structural racism, | 结构性种族主义助长了这种偏见, |
| 64 | is the root cause of disparities in health care. | 造成保健不平等的根本原因。 |
| 65 | That very bias impacted Shalon's outcome. | 这种偏见影响了沙隆的结果。 |
| 66 | That very bias caused my daughter to be among the statistics for 2017. | 这种偏见使我女儿成为2017年统计的一部分。 |
| 67 | As a result, I lost my beautiful little girl, | 结果我失去了我美丽的女儿 |
| 68 | my baby girl. | 我的宝贝女儿 |
| 69 | I lost my confidant. | 我失去了我的亲信。 |
| 70 | I lost my best friend. | 我失去了我最好的朋友。 |
| 71 | I lost my whole world. | 我失去了我的整个世界。 |
| 72 | Shalon's daughter lost her mother, | 沙隆的女儿失去了母亲 |
| 73 | and all of the relationship possibilities | 以及所有的关系可能性 |
| 74 | that could have existed between the two of them. | 可能存在于他们俩之间 |
| 75 | The society may have suffered the greater loss. | 社会可能遭受了更大的损失。 |
| 76 | Who knows how many medical advancements or social justice contributions | 谁知道有多少医疗进步或社会正义贡献 |
| 77 | Shalon may have made if only her medical provider had listened to her | 如果只有医生听她的话 沙隆可能已经做了 |
| 78 | and heeded her cries for help? | 并倾听她的呼救声? |
| 79 | We will never know. | 我们永远不会知道。 |
| 80 | But this much we do know, | 但我们知道这么多 |
| 81 | behind every one of those 700 to 800 women who die, | 在那700至800名死亡妇女中, |
| 82 | is a family and a whole social network of loved ones, | 是一个家庭和一个由亲人组成的整个社会网络, |
| 83 | including the children left behind, like Soleil. | 包括留下的孩子, 像苏莱尔。 |
| 84 | Shalon's daughter Soleil is three years old now. | 沙隆的女儿索莱尔现年3岁. |
| 85 | She has a quick smile, every bit as brilliant as her mother's was. | 她的笑容很快, 每一点都像她母亲一样聪明。 |
| 86 | Soleil is fearless. | 索乐无畏. |
| 87 | She's determined, and she's so opinionated, so smart. | 她有决心,而且她很有见解,很聪明. |
| 88 | Soleil constantly amazes me, | 苏莱尔总是让我吃惊, |
| 89 | at how confidently she is navigating her world. | 她满怀信心地探索她的世界 |
| 90 | But Soleil only knows her mother through photographs | 但索莱尔只认识她的母亲 通过照片 |
| 91 | and the cherished memories that I have and share with her every day. | 以及我每天和她分享的宝贵记忆 |
| 92 | Yet Soleil loves her mommy, | 然而索莱尔爱她妈妈 |
| 93 | who was with her for only three short weeks. | 她和她在一起只有三个礼拜 |
| 94 | She tells me so each day. | 她每天都这样告诉我 |
| 95 | My heart aches each time Soleil cries for her mommy. | 每当Soleil为她妈妈哭泣时,我的心都会痛 |
| 96 | It is during those times Soleil has said to me, | 正是在那些时候 索莱尔对我说 |
| 97 | Nana, I want to go to heaven so I can be with my mommy. | 奶奶,我想去天堂 这样我就可以和妈妈在一起了 |
| 98 | It should not be that way. | 不应该是这样。 |
| 99 | It doesn't have to be that way. | 不须如此. |
| 100 | It can really no longer continue to be that way. | 不能再这样下去了。 |
| 101 | When I said earlier that the medical community is failing black mothers, | 当我早些时候说 医学界正在失败 黑人母亲, |
| 102 | some may have wondered if I'm painting with too broad a brush. | 有人可能会怀疑我是不是画的太宽了 |
| 103 | After all, it's individuals who are to blame here, right? | 归根结底,是个人的责任,对吧? |
| 104 | Or perhaps we should say that a relative handful of hospitals, | 也许我们应该说 相对少数的医院, |
| 105 | which happen to be the ones that are largely used by black women | 恰巧是黑人妇女主要使用的 |
| 106 | and other minorities, | 和其他少数群体, |
| 107 | are at the epicenter of maternal mortality in America. | 美国的产妇死亡率最高。 |
| 108 | But I would argue that focusing on a handful of individuals | 但我会说 专注于少数个人 |
| 109 | or a handful of hospitals | 或少数医院 |
| 110 | is defining the problem way too narrowly. | 问题的定义太狭隘了 |
| 111 | The problem behavior | 问题的行为 |
| 112 | isn't about the actions of specific individuals or hospitals. | 与特定个人或医院的行动无关 |
| 113 | It's much more systemic than that. | 更有系统化. |
| 114 | What's more, the prevalence of the problem | 还有,问题的普遍性 |
| 115 | is deeply entrenched, | 深陷其中, |
| 116 | embedded in the very foundation of our health care system. | 扎根于我们保健系统的基础。 |
| 117 | It is this broad-based failure | 是这种广泛的失败 |
| 118 | that continues to allow disparities in maternal health and death, | 继续造成产妇保健和死亡方面的差距, |
| 119 | which result in black women, just like Shalon, | 导致黑人女性, 就像沙隆, |
| 120 | dying at rates 300% higher than white women. | 死亡率比白人妇女高300%。 |
| 121 | It's been well documented year after year, | 年复一年地记录着 |
| 122 | decade after decade, | 十年又十年 |
| 123 | generation after generation, | 一代又一代, |
| 124 | and nothing effective has been done to fix it. | 并且没有做任何有效的 修复它。 |
| 125 | How do we fix it? | 我们怎样修复它? |
| 126 | Is there a definitive answer | 有没有一个明确的答案 |
| 127 | to eradicating disparities in maternal mortality? | - 消除产妇死亡率方面的差距? |
| 128 | Well, improvements in data accuracy are critical, | 那么,提高数据准确性至关重要, |
| 129 | but not nearly enough. | 但还不够 |
| 130 | Algorithms, checklists, apps, | 算法 核对表 应用程序 |
| 131 | they all play an important role, | 他们都发挥着重要作用, |
| 132 | but they're no panacea either. | 但他们也不是灵丹妙药 |
| 133 | And I really can't emphasize enough | 我真的太强调不了了 |
| 134 | that implicit bias training | 隐含的偏见培训 |
| 135 | without explicit, explicit measures of accountability | 没有明确、明确的问责措施 |
| 136 | will make absolutely no difference at all. | 绝对不会有什么区别 |
| 137 | It is time, | 是时候了 |
| 138 | it is long past time, | 好久不见了 |
| 139 | that leaders in the medical community | 医疗界领袖 |
| 140 | take steps to transform the health care system status quo. | 采取步骤改变保健系统的现状。 |
| 141 | The first step must be acknowledging | 第一步必须承认 |
| 142 | that the inherent problem in the health care system | 保健制度的固有问题 |
| 143 | is more than a problem. | 这不仅仅是个问题。 |
| 144 | It's a failure. | 谓之失败. |
| 145 | The next step requires taking responsibility | 下一步需要承担责任 |
| 146 | and owning that failure. | 并拥有失败。 |
| 147 | But the most important step | 不过最重要的一步 |
| 148 | is actively taking the necessary actions | 正在积极采取必要行动; |
| 149 | to right the wrongs created by that failure. | 纠正这种失败造成的错误。 |
| 150 | A wise woman once told me, | 一个聪明的女人曾经告诉我 |
| 151 | if you want something different, | 如果你想要不同的东西, |
| 152 | you have to do something different. | 你必须做不同的事情。 |
| 153 | My daughter was committed to doing something different. | 我的女儿致力于做一些不同的事情。 |
| 154 | Shalon was known as a woman of great integrity | 沙隆是个正直的女人 |
| 155 | and high moral values. | 和崇高的道德价值。 |
| 156 | When asked about her driving principles in life, | 当她问起人生的驾驶原理时 |
| 157 | she would respond, | 她会回应, |
| 158 | I see inequity wherever it exists. | 我发现无论哪里存在不平等。 |
| 159 | I'm not afraid to call it by name. | 不畏名为名. |
| 160 | And I work hard to eliminate it. | 我努力去消灭它 |
| 161 | I vow to create a better Earth. | 我发誓要创造一个更美好的地球。 |
| 162 | Shalon put those words into action every day of her life. | 沙隆一生中每天都把这些话付诸行动. |
| 163 | Former Surgeon General David Satcher once said, | 前外科医生大卫·萨彻曾说过 |
| 164 | leaders must care enough, | 领导人必须足够关心, |
| 165 | leaders must know enough, | 领导人必须知道足够的, |
| 166 | leaders must be willing to do enough, | 领导人必须愿意做足够的, |
| 167 | and leaders must be willing to persist until the work is done. | 领导人必须愿意坚持到工作完成为止。 |
| 168 | Shalon was such a leader. | 沙隆是个领袖 |
| 169 | Though there will never be another leader like Shalon, | 虽然再也没有像沙隆这样的领袖了 |
| 170 | we can each persist until the work is done. | 我们每个人都可以坚持到工作完成。 |
| 171 | Here's what I'm doing to persist | 这就是我要坚持的 |
| 172 | until the work to save Black mothers is done. | 直到拯救黑人母亲的工作完成 |
| 173 | To get things started, | 为了让事情开始 |
| 174 | I joined forces with several of Shalon's friends | 我和沙隆的几个朋友联手 |
| 175 | and CDC colleagues. | 和疾控中心的同事。 |
| 176 | We founded a nonprofit. | 我们建立了一个非营利组织。 |
| 177 | We're working hard to eliminate preventable deaths | 我们正在努力消除可预防的死亡 |
| 178 | among Black mothers. | 在黑人母亲中 |
| 179 | And here's how we're doing it, | 这就是我们如何做到这一点, |
| 180 | with action, action, and more action. | 行动,行动,和更多的行动。 |
| 181 | We're engaging stakeholders | 我们让利益攸关方参与进来 |
| 182 | at every point of the public health and healthcare spectrum. | 在公共卫生和保健的每一个方面。 |
| 183 | We're actively working with the legislative office. | 积极配合立法会工作. |
| 184 | We're promoting accountability measures in postpartum bills, | 我们在产后法案中提倡问责措施, |
| 185 | and we want them enshrined in the law. | 我们希望他们被载入法律 |
| 186 | We're embarking upon a community-based research project | 我们正在进行一个社区研究项目 |
| 187 | which will redefine quality of medical care for Black women. | 这将重新确定黑人妇女的医疗服务质量。 |
| 188 | Ultimately, we will tilt more power | 最终,我们将倾斜更多的力量 |
| 189 | into the hands of Black women. | 进入黑人女人的手中 |
| 190 | How are we going to do that? | 我们要怎么做? |
| 191 | By empowering Black women and their birthing partners | 通过赋予黑人妇女及其出生伙伴权力 |
| 192 | to effectively counteract the bias and racism they experience | 有效抵制他们遭受的偏见和种族主义; |
| 193 | at any given point | 在任何特定时间 |
| 194 | during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. | 怀孕、分娩和产后期间。 |
| 195 | Look around you. | 看看你周围 |
| 196 | Each one of us in this room has a circle of influence. | 这间屋子里每个人都有影响力 |
| 197 | I invite you to consider | 我邀请你考虑 |
| 198 | how powerful an impact we could make | 我们能产生多大的影响 |
| 199 | if we focused that collective influence on this problem, | 如果我们把集体影响集中在这个问题上 |
| 200 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}我对改变你的看法 | |
| 201 | What if we, like Shalon, | 如果我们,像沙隆一样, |
| 202 | acknowledged inequity wherever it existed in our communities, | 承认在我们社区存在不平等, |
| 203 | and we weren't afraid to call it by name? | 我们不怕叫它名字? |
| 204 | What if we were each committed and passionate | 如果我们每个人都是 坚定和热情的 |
| 205 | about using the full range of our resources | 关于利用我们全部资源 |
| 206 | to eliminate that inequity? | 消除这种不平等? |
| 207 | Could we change things? | 我们能改变一切吗? |
| 208 | Could we really overturn centuries of prejudice | 我们能否真正克服几百年的偏见 |
| 209 | and decades of bad practice? | 和几十年的坏做法? |
| 210 | I know we could. | 我知道我们可以。 |
| 211 | I know we could | 我知道我们可以 |
| 212 | if we were focused on that issue, | 如果我们专注于这个问题, |
| 213 | if we focused that collective energy. | 如果我们集中集体的力量 |
| 214 | To quote Nelson Mandela, | 引用纳尔逊·曼德拉的话 |
| 215 | When people are determined, | 当人们决定, |
| 216 | they can overcome anything. | 他们能克服一切 |
| 217 | But action without vision, | 但是没有远见的行动, |
| 218 | it's only passing time. | 它只是过去的时间。 |
| 219 | Vision without action is merely daydreaming. | 不采取行动的愿景只是白日梦。 |
| 220 | But vision with action can truly change the world. | 但是,有行动的设想能够真正改变世界。 |
| 221 | Shalon's life was the perfect embodiment of the vision. | 沙隆的一生是视觉的完美体现. |
| 222 | Shalon's death is our call to action. | 沙隆的死是我们行动的要求 |
| 223 | So today, let each of us vow to do whatever we can. | 因此,今天,让我们每个人都发誓尽我们所能。 |
| 224 | Let us vow to right this wrong. | 让我们发誓纠正错误。 |
| 225 | Let us vow to be a part of the solution | 让我们发誓成为解决方案的一部分 |
| 226 | until Black women are no longer marginalized | 直到黑人妇女不再被边缘化 |
| 227 | and dying needlessly in the healthcare system. | 在医疗体系中不必要地死去 |
| 228 | And like my daughter, Dr. Shalon Maureen Irving, | 就像我女儿沙隆·莫琳·欧文博士一样 |
| 229 | let us each vow to create a better Earth. | 让我们每个人发誓创造一个更美好的地球。 |
| 230 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
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