TED演讲：机械的未来，可以像动物那样移动

发布于 2026-10-19 · 时长 7:30

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:04	Modern engineering focuses on rotating motors to power almost any machine.	现代工程侧重于旋转马达为几乎所有机器提供动力.
0:10	It's taken about 200 years for motors to become what they are today,	电动机要花200年才能变成今天的样子
0:16	and they're still loud and unnatural in their ways.	它们在方式上仍然很响亮和不自然.
0:20	The constant noise of machines causes problems for living beings everywhere,	机器不断的噪音给各地的生物带来问题,
0:26	both in the ocean and also on land.	在海洋和陆地上
0:29	Humans who are constantly exposed to noise can become stressed, depressed,	经常受到噪音影响的人类会变得紧张,沮丧,
0:34	and even develop tinnitus.	甚至发展锡尼图斯。
0:38	In contrast, there are no rotating motors in nature.	相比之下,自然界中没有旋转马达.
0:43	Nature often smoothly glides, swims or wiggles	自然往往滑翔、游泳或摇晃
0:48	without the rattling of rigid parts or the loud rubbing of surfaces.	而不是硬性部件的挤压或表面的挤压。

展开字幕全文（101 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	Modern engineering focuses on rotating motors to power almost any machine.	现代工程侧重于旋转马达为几乎所有机器提供动力.
2	It's taken about 200 years for motors to become what they are today,	电动机要花200年才能变成今天的样子
3	and they're still loud and unnatural in their ways.	它们在方式上仍然很响亮和不自然.
4	The constant noise of machines causes problems for living beings everywhere,	机器不断的噪音给各地的生物带来问题,
5	both in the ocean and also on land.	在海洋和陆地上
6	Humans who are constantly exposed to noise can become stressed, depressed,	经常受到噪音影响的人类会变得紧张,沮丧,
7	and even develop tinnitus.	甚至发展锡尼图斯。
8	In contrast, there are no rotating motors in nature.	相比之下,自然界中没有旋转马达.
9	Nature often smoothly glides, swims or wiggles	自然往往滑翔、游泳或摇晃
10	without the rattling of rigid parts or the loud rubbing of surfaces.	而不是硬性部件的挤压或表面的挤压。
11	I believe we can and should re-haul our approach to how we make machines.	我认为,我们可以而且应该重新探索我们如何制造机器的方法。
12	Instead of using rigid or unnatural materials,	而不是使用刚性或非自然的材料,
13	what if we made biomimetic machines?	如果我们制造生物仪呢?
14	Machines made of soft or living materials that are adaptive	由软材料或活材料组成的适应性机器
15	and safe to use in a variety of everyday tasks.	安全地用于各种日常工作。
16	Can you imagine boats or submarines that propel themselves	你能想象那些船或潜水艇会自行推进
17	by moving their tails from side to side, just like fish do?	就像鱼一样,把尾巴从一边移到另一边?
18	So to imitate these natural movements,	所以要模仿这些自然运动,
19	we have to replace rotating motors and fast spinning propellers	我们必须更换旋转马达和快速旋转螺旋桨
20	with artificial muscles.	与人工肌肉。
21	And I can tell you this, this can be done.	我可以告诉你,这是可以做到的。
22	Our team of researchers at MIT and ETH Zurich	我们麻省理工学院和苏黎世大学的研究团队
23	has started to develop less disruptive robots	开始研发破坏性较小的机器人
24	by introducing a new biomimetic way of moving through water.	通过引入新的生物计量移动在水中。
25	We created a biomimetic robotic fish.	我们创造了一种生物模拟的机器人鱼。
26	Her name is Sophie.	她的名字是苏菲。
27	She's the first demonstration of a fully untethered soft robot	她是第一个展示一个完全没有纹身的软机器人
28	that can explore the ocean without the need for propellers.	不需要螺旋桨就可以探索海洋
29	Sophie pumps water back and forth within her highly deformable tail.	苏菲在她极易变形的尾巴里前后抽水
30	Her tail movement imitates the natural swimming motion of real fish.	她的尾部运动模仿了真鱼的自然游泳运动.
31	Sophie's natural design allows her to closely monitor aquatic life.	索菲的自然设计使得她能够密切监测水生生物.
32	Now, there's a catch.	现在,有一个捕捉。
33	Sophie is energy hungry and loud.	苏菲是能量饥饿和大声。
34	Yes, we successfully managed to build a robot that swims like a fish,	是的,我们成功地建立了一个机器人游泳像鱼,
35	but Sophie required a motor and a pump to properly work.	但索菲需要一台马达和一台泵才能正常工作.
36	Now, we are replacing that motor and pump,	现在,我们正在替换发动机和泵,
37	which is noisy and not desired in such a way,	既吵又不想要这样。
38	we're replacing it with silent artificial muscles.	我们正在用沉默的人工肌肉来代替它。
39	These muscles are called hazels.	这些肌肉被称为薄荷糖.
40	They directly and efficiently convert electrical energy	它们直接有效地转换电能
41	into muscle contractions.	进入肌肉收缩。
42	Take a look at this large muscle we made to lift and lower a leg.	看看我们为抬起和降低一条腿而做的大肌肉。
43	A stack of flexible sheets contracts and relaxes	一叠灵活的床单合同和放松
44	just like a thigh muscle does.	就像大腿肌肉一样
45	Let me tell you how this works.	让我告诉你这是怎么回事。
46	So we take laminated sheets to create pouches.	因此,我们取薄膜片来制造邮袋。
47	We have several of these pouches within a single muscle.	我们有一个单一的肌肉里有好几个这样的邮袋。
48	We now take a conductive ink and spray coat that ink onto these pouches,	我们现在拿一个导电墨水和喷涂外套墨水在这些邮袋,
49	and then we inject them with oil.	然后我们给他们注入石油。
50	After having done this, we have a conductive ink	做了这个之后,我们有了导电墨
51	that acts like a flexible electrode	就像一个弹性电极
52	that squeezes these liquid-filled pouches when a voltage is applied.	在施压时会挤压这些充满液体的邮袋。
53	Now, just like muscles with real fish,	现在,就像肌肉与真正的鱼,
54	we take these kind of filmed muscles	我们拍到这种肌肉
55	and pair them up as antagonistic pairs	把它们配成对立的对
56	and put them into our soft robotic fish design.	把它们放进我们的软机器人鱼设计中
57	We 3D print the hull and the spine of this fish	我们三维打印这条鱼的船体和脊椎
58	using soft and rigid materials.	使用软和刚性材料。
59	The fish now swims silently	鱼现在静静地游泳
60	by electrically charging the muscles inside of the fish	给鱼体内的肌肉充电
61	in an alternating fashion, from one side to the other.	以交替的方式,从一方到另一方。
62	To improve our designs,	为了改进我们的设计
63	we do not rely on tedious trial-and-error fabrication.	我们不依赖冗长的试验和错误的捏造。
64	Instead, our software rapidly simulates and optimizes a design	相反,我们的软件快速模拟和优化设计
65	for performance before we have to build it.	在必须建造它之前,
66	Our approach creates a continuous design space	我们的方法创造了一个连续的设计空间
67	that interpolates between existing fish designs to create new designs.	以创造新的设计。
68	Our optimization then explores this continuous design space	我们优化后探索这个连续设计空间
69	{\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}想出我们以前从未见过的 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}新的和更快的生物
70	Robots one day might even be made of living muscle cells.	有一天机器人甚至可能由活的肌肉细胞组成.
71	Wouldn't it be great if such a living robot	这么活的机器人是不是很棒?
72	would then heal itself just like human muscles do?	然后会像人类肌肉一样自我治愈吗?
73	I can tell you this.	我可以告诉你这一点。
74	Starting from muscle cells,	从肌肉细胞开始
75	we can already print, grow and stimulate muscles.	我们已经可以打印、生长和刺激肌肉。
76	We are now beginning to make these muscles larger, longer-lasting	我们现在开始把肌肉变大变长
77	and controllable.	和可控。
78	It's a fascinating challenge to engineer a standalone muscle	设计独立的肌肉是一件令人着迷的挑战
79	without a supporting organism	没有辅助机体
80	that provides this muscle with an immune system.	这为肌肉提供了免疫系统
81	These living muscles efficiently convert chemical energy	这些活的肌肉能有效地转换化学能量
82	that comes from nutrients into muscle contractions.	从营养物质到肌肉收缩
83	Living muscles can eventually become sustainable	活的肌肉最终可以持久
84	and biodegradable machines	和生物降解机
85	that decrease emissions and pollution,	减少排放和污染,
86	all while actually truly mimicking nature.	真正模仿大自然的
87	So all of this, I've told you,	所以这一切,我已经告诉你,
88	is possible with the knowledge	以知识为可能
89	that researchers and engineers have today.	研究人员和工程师今天有。
90	I believe we have to rethink every machine ever invented	我相信我们必须重新思考所有发明的机器
91	from a holistic perspective.	从整体角度看。
92	We have to rethink what a machine should do	我们必须重新思考机器应该做什么
93	and what it should not do.	和它不应该做的。
94	I think we want machines that safely integrate with us,	我想我们需要能安全融入我们的机器
95	improve our quality of life,	提高我们的生活质量,
96	all the while we respect nature	我们尊重自然
97	and don't pollute our world with loud noises.	不要用声音污染我们的世界
98	So let's reimagine machines to take on forms	所以,让我们重新想象机器以表
99	we have never thought of before	我们从未想过
100	and discover places we have never been to before.	发现我们从未去过的地方
101	Thank you.	谢谢

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