为什么全球买石油都得用美元

发布于 2026-05-23 · 时长 9:47

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:00	In 2025, the world bought $3 trillion worth of oil.	在2025年,世界购买了价值3万亿美元的石油.
0:04	Almost all of it was paid in one currency,	几乎所有的钱都是用一种货币支付的
0:06	not because it was the strongest or most stable,	不是因为它是最强或最稳定的,
0:09	but because of a secret deal made in a Saudi desert in 1974.	但因为1974年在沙俄沙漠秘密交易
0:14	It's called the Petrodollar, the most powerful financial system	这是最强大的金融系统
0:18	you've never been taught.	你从来没有受过教育。
0:21	August 15, 1971.	1971年8月15日 (英语).
0:24	President Richard Nixon walks onto television and said,	理查德·尼克松总统走在电视上说
0:27	I have directed Secretary Connolly to suspend temporarily	我已指示康诺利国务卿暂时停职
0:30	the convertibility of the dollar into gold.	美元兑换成黄金。

展开字幕全文（218 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	In 2025, the world bought $3 trillion worth of oil.	在2025年,世界购买了价值3万亿美元的石油.
2	Almost all of it was paid in one currency,	几乎所有的钱都是用一种货币支付的
3	not because it was the strongest or most stable,	不是因为它是最强或最稳定的,
4	but because of a secret deal made in a Saudi desert in 1974.	但因为1974年在沙俄沙漠秘密交易
5	It's called the Petrodollar, the most powerful financial system	这是最强大的金融系统
6	you've never been taught.	你从来没有受过教育。
7	August 15, 1971.	1971年8月15日 (英语).
8	President Richard Nixon walks onto television and said,	理查德·尼克松总统走在电视上说
9	I have directed Secretary Connolly to suspend temporarily	我已指示康诺利国务卿暂时停职
10	the convertibility of the dollar into gold.	美元兑换成黄金。
11	Here's what happened.	事情是这样的
12	Since the end of World War II, the dollar	二战结束后,美元
13	had been backed by gold under a system called Bretton Woods.	在一个叫做布雷顿森林的体系下黄金支撑着它
14	Any country holding dollars could knock on America's door	任何持有美元的国家都会敲美国门
15	and say, I'd like my gold, please.	并说,我想要我的黄金,请。
16	Of course, right this way.	当然这边走
17	That arrangement made the dollar the most trusted currency	这种安排使美元成为最信任的货币
18	on Earth.	在地球上。。。
19	But America had been printing far more dollars	但美国印刷了更多美元
20	than it had gold to back them.	比它有黄金支持它们。
21	Funding wars, social programs, and Cold War spending.	为战争、社会方案和冷战开支提供资金。
22	Countries noticed.	各国注意到。
23	And one by one, they started showing up at America's door,	一个接一个他们开始出现在美国门口
24	demanding their gold back.	要求他们的黄金回来。
25	So Nixon slammed the window shut.	所以尼克松把窗户关了
26	No more gold for dollars.	不再用黄金换钱。
27	The dollar was now backed by nothing, just trust.	美元现在没有任何支持,只是信任。
28	And trust was not exactly trusted.	而信任并不完全可信。
29	Then things got worse.	然后事情变得更糟。
30	October 1973, Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack	1973年10月,埃及和叙利亚发动突然袭击.
31	on Israel, the Yom Kippur War.	在以色列,赎罪日战争。
32	The United States backed Israel with a massive airlift	美国以大规模空运支援以色列
33	of weapons.	武器问题。
34	In response, Arab oil producers, OPEC,	对此,阿拉伯石油生产国欧佩克、
35	hit America with the most powerful weapon they had, oil.	用他们拥有的最强大的武器打击美国石油
36	They slashed production.	他们砍了生产。
37	They embargoed the United States.	他们封锁了美国。
38	And the price of oil exploded from about $3 a barrel	油价从每桶约3美元爆炸
39	to nearly $12.	近12块
40	Gas stations ran dry, lines stretched for blocks.	加油站干燥,线路被堵塞
41	Sorry, no gas today was the standard operating procedure.	抱歉,今天没有煤气是标准操作程序
42	So now America had a currency with no gold behind it,	所以现在美国有一张没有黄金的货币
43	inflation getting ugly, and the world's most important	通货膨胀变得丑陋世界最重要的
44	commodity being used like a weapon.	商品被用作武器。
45	Not ideal.	一点也不理想
46	America needed a new plan, a new anchor for the dollar,	美国需要一个新的计划美元的新锚
47	something every country needs, something so essential	每一个国家都需要的东西如此重要的东西
48	the whole world would have no choice	全世界都别无选择
49	but to keep using US dollars.	但继续使用美元。
50	Enter Henry Kissinger, the Secretary of State.	进入亨利·基辛格,国务卿.
51	He went to Saudi Arabia with a deal.	他去了沙特阿拉伯与一项交易。
52	Your Majesty, you are sitting on the largest pool	皇上,你坐在最大的游泳池上
53	of oil on earth, which is wonderful.	地球上的石油,这是美妙的。
54	Unfortunately, it also means you are sitting	不幸的是,这也意味着你坐
55	in the middle of the desert wearing a giant sign	在沙漠的中间带着巨大的标志
56	that says, please invade me.	说,请入侵我。
57	So let us make a deal.	所以,让我们做一个交易。
58	You sell your oil in US dollars.	你用美元卖油
59	You invest the extra money back into US treasury bonds.	你把额外的钱投资回美国国库债券。
60	And in return, we keep you safe.	作为回报我们保证你的安全
61	We sell you the weapons, we protect the oil fields,	我们把武器卖给你保护油田
62	and anyone thinking of touching Saudi Arabia	以及任何想接触沙特阿拉伯的人
63	will have to deal with us first.	一定要先对付我们
64	In 1974, Saudi Arabia agreed, and within a year,	1974年,沙特阿拉伯同意,在一年内,
65	the rest of the smaller OPEC members followed.	其他较小的欧佩克成员国紧随其后。
66	So now, if any country wanted oil, it first needed dollars.	所以,现在,如果任何国家想要石油,它首先需要美元。
67	Voila,"石油元"创立.
68	But the real genius of the system wasn't just	但这个系统的真正天才不仅仅是
69	that oil was sold in dollars,	石油以美元出售,
70	it was what happened to those dollars after.	之后那些钱就发生了
71	这是Petrodemond公司的实际运作方式。
72	Three things, first, oil is priced in dollars,	三件事首先石油是美元价的
73	as we previously mentioned.	正如我们先前提到的。
74	That means if any country wants oil,	这意味着,如果任何国家想要石油,
75	which unfortunately for them they do,	可惜他们这样做,
76	it first needs US dollars.	它首先需要美元。
77	Japan wants oil, dollars.	日本想要石油,美元。
78	Germany wants oil, dollars.	德国想要石油,美元。
79	So with one rule, America created constant global demand	因此,用一个规则,美国创造不断的全球需求
80	for its currency.	换成货币
81	Second, oil exporters now receive giant piles of dollars.	第二,石油出口国现在收到大量美元。
82	And countries like Saudi Arabia suddenly had a problem	像沙特阿拉伯这样的国家突然有问题
83	that I wish I had.	我也希望我有过
84	We have more dollars than things to spend them on.	我们的钱比东西还多
85	We could sell huge amounts of oil,	我们可以卖大量的石油,
86	but we couldn't possibly spend all that money at home.	但我们不可能把钱都花在家里
87	So the extra dollars had to go somewhere.	所以,额外的美元必须去的地方。
88	And where did they go?	他们去哪儿了?
89	Right back to America, into US treasury bonds,	回到美国,进入美国国库债券
90	into American banks, into US financial markets.	进入美国银行进入美国金融市场
91	This became known as Petrodollar recycling.	这被称为石油元回收。
92	Not exactly the kind of recycling that saves the planet.	并不是那种能拯救地球的循环利用
93	Third, America then used that recycled money	第三,美国再用回收钱
94	to fund itself.	自我资助
95	It helped finance government spending.	它帮助资助政府开支。
96	It kept demand for US debt high.	它使对美国债务的需求居高不下。
97	It helped keep interest rates lower.	这有助于降低利率。
98	Thus funds the military that protects the oil fields	因此资助保护油田的军队
99	that keep the oil flowing and the cycle going.	保持油流和循环
100	See what happened?	看到没?
101	It's a loop.	圆通.
102	America doesn't even need to sell the oil,	美国甚至不需要出售石油,
103	just needs the world to keep using dollars to buy them.	只是需要世界继续用美元来购买它们。
104	By the 1980s, this machine was in full swing.	到了20世纪80年代,这台机器已经全面运转.
105	The dollar's share of global reserves climbed to over 70%.	美元在全球储备中所占份额攀升到70%以上。
106	US treasury bonds became the world's favorite safe asset	美国国库债券成为世界最爱的安全资产
107	and American financial markets became the center	美国金融市场成为中心
108	of global capital.	全球资本。
109	America could borrow cheaply, run huge deficits	美国可以低价借钱赤字巨大
110	and print money while pushing much of the inflation	并印钞票,同时推动通货膨胀
111	onto everyone else.	给其他人
112	Economists called it an exorbitant privilege,	经济学家们称它为"高贵的特权",
113	which is just a polite way of saying legalized robbery.	这只是一种礼貌的说法合法抢劫。
114	But the most dangerous superpower, sanctions.	但最危险的超级大国,制裁.
115	The dollar isn't just money, it's infrastructure,	美元不仅仅是钱,而是基础设施
116	global trade, banking, reserves, debt, payments.	全球贸易、银行业、储备、债务、付款。
117	So much of it runs through the dollar system	这么多都通过美元系统
118	that getting cut off from it is like being kicked off	就像被踢走一样
119	the financial internet.	金融互联网
120	You're not just losing access to a currency,	你不只是失去了获得货币的机会,
121	but losing access to the grid.	但失去进入电网的机会
122	That makes sanctions terrifying.	这使制裁变得可怕。
123	If America doesn't like what you're doing,	如果美国不喜欢你做的事
124	they can just make your economy stop working.	他们可以让你的经济停止运作
125	And what about countries that try to move away	而那些试图离开的国家呢?
126	from the dollar?	从美元?
127	Well, this is where the story gets a little uncomfortable.	故事就在这里有点不舒服
128	In 2000, Saddam Hussein said Iraq would start selling oil	2000年,萨达姆·侯赛因说伊拉克将开始出售石油
129	in euros instead of dollars.	欧元而不是美元。
130	Three years later, Iraq was invaded.	三年后,伊拉克遭到入侵。
131	And after Saddam fell, Iraqi oil sales returned to dollars.	而萨达姆倒台后,伊拉克的石油销售又恢复到美元.
132	The leader of Libya, Muammar Gaddafi,	利比亚领导人穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲,
133	proposed a gold-backed African currency,	提出黄金支持的非洲货币,
134	the gold Dajnar, to replace the dollar in African oil trade.	以取代非洲石油贸易中的美元。
135	They held roughly 143 tons of gold to back the plan.	他们持有约143吨黄金来支撑计划.
136	Yet in 2011, NATO intervened.	然而,2011年,北约进行了干预。
137	Gaddafi was killed and the gold Dajnar plan died with him.	卡扎菲被杀,金色的Dajnar计划与他一同死去.
138	Venezuela tried a different route,	委内瑞拉尝试了另一条路线,
139	the country sitting on the largest proven oil reserves	拥有最大石油储备的国家
140	on the planet, 303 billion barrels.	在地球上,330亿桶。
141	In 2018, Maduro launched the Petro,	2018年,马杜罗推出了Petro,
142	a crypto project meant to dodge sanctions	一个隐蔽项目意在逃避制裁
143	and sell outside the dollar system.	并在美元系统之外出售。
144	Despite the hype, it went nowhere,	尽管胡说八道,但没结果
145	hardly anyone could actually use it.	几乎没有人能真正使用它。
146	But the defiance didn't go unnoticed.	但这种蔑视并没有被忽视。
147	The U.S. ramped up sanctions,	美国加紧制裁,
148	blockaded Venezuelan oil tankers,	封锁委内瑞拉油轮,
149	and in January, 2026, launched a military operation	2026年1月发动了一次军事行动
150	that captured Maduro himself.	那俘虏了马杜罗本人
151	At his press conference, Trump said the U.S. planned	特朗普在新闻发布会上说美国计划
152	to run Venezuela and rebuild its oil infrastructure	管理委内瑞拉并重建其石油基础设施
153	with American companies.	与美国公司。
154	The largest oil reserves on earth were back on the table.	地球上最大的石油储备重新回到了桌面上。
155	Now, to be fair, were these conflicts caused	公平地说,这些冲突是否引起
156	only by challenging the dollar?	只有挑战美元?
157	Probably not.	也许不是。
158	Each one had its own mess of motives,	每个人都有自己的动机混乱,
159	weapons concerns, drug trafficking,	武器问题、贩毒、
160	regional politics, humanitarian arguments.	区域政治、人道主义论点。
161	But the pattern is hard to ignore.	但模式很难忽视.
162	Challenge the empire and the empire strikes back.	挑战帝国帝国反击
163	For decades, nobody could really break the dollar's grip,	几十年来,没有人能真正打破美元控制,
164	but empires don't stay unchallenged forever.	但帝国不会永远置身事外
165	It started with a single move.	开始是单动.
166	In 2022, after Russia invaded Ukraine,	2022年,俄国入侵乌克兰后,
167	the United States froze nearly $300 billion	美国冻结了近3 000亿美元
168	of Russia's foreign reserves	俄罗斯的外汇储备
169	and cut major Russian banks from the swift payment system.	并切断俄罗斯各大银行的快速支付系统。
170	Overnight, decades of Russian savings,	一夜之间,俄罗斯数十年的储蓄,
171	parked in the system they were told was safe,	车停在系统里他们被告知安全
172	became unreachable.	变得无法接触。
173	And yes, it hurt Russia, but it also scared everyone else.	是的,它伤害了俄罗斯,但它也吓坏了其他人。
174	Every government holding dollars	每个政府持有美元
175	thinks this money is only theirs	以为这些钱只是他们的
176	as long as the U.S. says it is.	只要美国说它是。
177	And that's when the world started moving together.	然此时世间起动.
178	China started dumping U.S. treasuries,	中国开始倾销美国国库,
179	reducing its holdings from a peak of over $1.3 trillion	从1.3万亿美元以上的峰值减少其持有量
180	to roughly $600 billion.	大约6000亿美元。
181	It went on a years-long gold buying spree instead.	它持续了好几年的黄金收购而不是奢侈。
182	Russia and China pushed more of their trade	俄国和中国推动更多的贸易
183	into yuan and rubles.	变成人民币和卢布。
184	Brazil and China struck deals to settle trade	巴西和中国达成贸易协议
185	in their own currencies.	用他们自己的货币。
186	India started paying for some Russian oil in rupees.	印度开始以卢比支付一些俄罗斯石油.
187	And Saudi Arabia,	沙特阿拉伯,
188	the country that helped build the petrodollar system	帮助建立石油元系统的国家
189	in the first place,	首先,
190	publicly said it was open to trade in currencies	公开地说,它向货币贸易开放
191	other than the dollar.	美元除外。
192	The numbers tell the story.	数字讲述了故事。
193	The dollar's share of global reserves	美元在全球储备中所占份额
194	has fallen from 72% in 2001 to under 58% today.	从2001年的72%下降到今天的58%以下。
195	Central banks worldwide are hoarding gold at record levels,	全世界各中央银行都以创纪录的水平囤积黄金,
196	over 1,000 tons added in 2024 alone.	仅2024年就增加了1000多吨。
197	The Chinese yuan now accounts	现在的中国人民币
198	for roughly 2% of global reserves.	大约占全球储备的2%。
199	Small, yes, but it was essentially zero a decade ago.	很小,是的,但它基本上是十年前的零。
200	And then there's the bigger problem,	还有更大的问题
201	the end of oil itself.	石油的结束本身。
202	One in four cars sold globally in 2025 is electric.	2025年全球销售的四分之一的汽车为电动车.
203	If the world becomes less dependent on oil,	如果世界不再依赖石油的话
204	it becomes less dependent on the system	对系统依赖程度降低
205	that requires dollars to buy oil.	这需要美元购买石油。
206	Now, let's be clear.	现在,让我们说清楚。
207	The petrodollar machine still runs.	石元机还运行.
208	The dollar still dominates 88%	美元仍然占88%
209	of foreign exchange transactions	外汇交易
210	and roughly half of all global trade invoicing.	以及大约一半的全球贸易发票。
211	No single rival, yuan, euro, gold, crypto,	没有单一的对手,人民币,欧元,黄金,密码
212	comes close to replacing it.	即将取代它。
213	But for the first time in 50 years,	但50年来第一次
214	the machine has competition.	机器有竞争
215	Not one giant challenger, 1,000 small ones.	不是一个巨大的挑战者,一千个小挑战者。
216	As a wise saying goes, ape alone, weak, apes together,	就像一句明智的谚语说猿人独自一人软弱猿人在一起
217	strong, what a wonderful day.	强,多么美好的一天。
218	["Wonderful Day"]	["妙吉祥日".

该视频共有字幕 218 条。解锁更多字幕为会员功能，请移动到价格

下载安装