SpaceX的猛禽引擎揭秘
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:05 | It's the engine begins a delicate dance on the edge of self-destruction. | 发动机在自毁边缘开始了微妙的舞蹈. |
| 0:13 | Every single part that makes this work is so deeply interconnected and operating under | 做这项工作的每一个部分都如此紧密地联系在一起,并在 |
| 0:18 | such extreme conditions that if anything drifts, even slightly out of sync, then it all blows | 如此极端的状态,如果有东西漂移, 哪怕稍稍脱离同步, 那么一切都会爆炸 |
| 0:26 | up. | 起来 |
| 0:27 | And if we can understand how this engine works, then we can better understand why SpaceX needs | 如果我们能理解这个引擎是如何工作的 那么我们就能更清楚地理解 SpaceX为什么需要 |
| 0:32 | to build something so incredibly volatile. | 制造出如此不稳定的东西 |
| 0:36 | Because in the end, Raptor will be the only solution to an impossible problem. | 因为归根结底,猛禽将是解决一个不可能的问题的唯一办法. |
| 0:44 | Now this all begins with a much smaller company building a much smaller engine and chasing | 现在一切都从一个更小的公司开始 建造一个更小的引擎 追逐 |
| 0:49 | a much smaller goal. | 一个小得多的目标。 |
| 0:51 | Twenty years ago, SpaceX just needed a rocket that worked well enough to reach orbit before | 20年前,SpaceX只需要一个火箭 足够有效 到达轨道之前 |
展开字幕全文（228 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | It's the engine begins a delicate dance on the edge of self-destruction. | 发动机在自毁边缘开始了微妙的舞蹈. |
| 2 | Every single part that makes this work is so deeply interconnected and operating under | 做这项工作的每一个部分都如此紧密地联系在一起,并在 |
| 3 | such extreme conditions that if anything drifts, even slightly out of sync, then it all blows | 如此极端的状态,如果有东西漂移, 哪怕稍稍脱离同步, 那么一切都会爆炸 |
| 4 | up. | 起来 |
| 5 | And if we can understand how this engine works, then we can better understand why SpaceX needs | 如果我们能理解这个引擎是如何工作的 那么我们就能更清楚地理解 SpaceX为什么需要 |
| 6 | to build something so incredibly volatile. | 制造出如此不稳定的东西 |
| 7 | Because in the end, Raptor will be the only solution to an impossible problem. | 因为归根结底,猛禽将是解决一个不可能的问题的唯一办法. |
| 8 | Now this all begins with a much smaller company building a much smaller engine and chasing | 现在一切都从一个更小的公司开始 建造一个更小的引擎 追逐 |
| 9 | a much smaller goal. | 一个小得多的目标。 |
| 10 | Twenty years ago, SpaceX just needed a rocket that worked well enough to reach orbit before | 20年前,SpaceX只需要一个火箭 足够有效 到达轨道之前 |
| 11 | they ran out of money. | 他们没钱了 |
| 12 | They named that rocket the Falcon, which is a spaceship from Star Wars, but it's also | 他们把火箭命名为猎鹰号,这是一艘来自星球大战的宇宙飞船,但它也是 |
| 13 | a bird of prey, and the engine that powered it all would be called Merlin, which is the | 一只猎物的鸟, 和引擎的动力 它所有的会叫做梅林, |
| 14 | name of a famous wizard, but it's also a bird, they're a very small member of the | 一个著名的巫师的名字,但它也是一只鸟, 他们是一个非常小的成员 |
| 15 | Falcon species. | 猎鹰物种. |
| 16 | But behind the cool names, the early days of SpaceX were actually just total chaos. | 但是在凉爽的名字后面,SpaceX的早期实际上只是完全混乱. |
| 17 | To have a private tech startup company from California enter into the field of orbital | 让加州的私人科技公司进入轨道领域 |
| 18 | rocket launches back in the early 2000s was not just unprecedented, it was insanity. | 2000年代初发射的火箭不仅是前所未有的,而且是疯狂的。 |
| 19 | No one thought they would succeed, and therefore no one was investing in the project. | 没有人认为他们能成功,因此没有人对该项目投资。 |
| 20 | Elon Musk was self-financing the whole thing with his PayPal fortune, which was a lot of | 埃隆·穆斯克用他的PayPal财富 来自筹资金 |
| 21 | money, but SpaceX was burning through cash as fast as they were burning rocket fuel. | 但SpaceX用现金燃烧的速度和他们燃烧火箭燃料的速度一样快. |
| 22 | Elon's mission statement for the Merlin was to build a rocket engine as simple and | 伊隆对梅林号的任务说明是建造一个简单的火箭发动机 |
| 23 | cheap as possible. | 尽可能便宜。 |
| 24 | So what does that look like? | 那看起来像什么? |
| 25 | Well inside the main body of a rocket there are two propellant tanks, one is for oxygen | 火箭主体内部有两个推进剂罐 一个是氧气 |
| 26 | and the other is for fuel. | 另一个是燃料 |
| 27 | The oxygen side is the same for every kind of rocket because fire needs oxygen to burn | 各种火箭的氧气都是一样的 因为火需要氧气才能燃烧 |
| 28 | and by adding a pure, consistent supply to the engine, we get a powerful burn all the | 并且通过在引擎上添加纯净,一致的供应, 我们得到一个强大的燃烧所有 |
| 29 | way into space. | 进入太空 |
| 30 | To make oxygen into rocket propellant you first have to liquefy it. | 要将氧气制成火箭推进剂 你首先必须把它液化 |
| 31 | We convert oxygen from a gas to a liquid state by supercooling it down to a cryogenic temperature. | 我们把氧气从气体转化为液态 通过超冷降温到低温 |
| 32 | The boiling point of oxygen is negative 183 degrees Celsius or negative 297 Fahrenheit, | 氧的沸点为负183摄氏度或负297华氏度, |
| 33 | so at any temperature below that it will stabilize as a liquid. | 因此,在任何温度下, 它会稳定为液体。 |
| 34 | The reason for doing this is to increase the density of the oxygen. | 这样做的原因是要提高氧气的密度. |
| 35 | Liquid is heavier than gas, so you can fit more potential energy inside the volume of | 液体比气体还重,所以你可以在体积内装配更多的潜在能量 |
| 36 | your rocket. | 你的火箭 火箭 火箭 |
| 37 | Then over on the fuel side the Merlin engine uses a chemical called RP-1, which is basically | 然后在燃料方面,梅林发动机使用一种叫做RP-1的化学物质,基本上 |
| 38 | just purified kerosene. | 只是净煤油。 |
| 39 | It's cheap and accessible and is already liquid at room temperature, although SpaceX | 虽然SpaceX在室温下已经是液态的 |
| 40 | does chill their RP to a temperature just below freezing to get some of that increased | 他们的RP确实冷却到 温度刚刚低于冷冻 以得到一些增加 |
| 41 | density and squeeze more power out of their fuel tanks. | 密度和挤出更多的动力 从他们的燃料箱。 |
| 42 | But when the rocket engine startup begins, two pumps will move both the oxygen and fuel | 但当火箭发动机启动时 两个泵会同时移动氧气和燃料 |
| 43 | at very high pressure into the combustion chamber where the two liquids are combined | 在非常高的压力下进入燃烧室 两种液体结合在一起 |
| 44 | and ignited. | 并点燃。 |
| 45 | That combustion is going to release a massive amount of energy as the propellants burn and | 燃烧会释放大量的能量 当推进剂燃烧, |
| 46 | expand to create pressure inside the engine. | 扩展以在引擎内部产生压力. |
| 47 | All of this energy will exit the combustion chamber through the throat. | 所有这些能量都会通过喉咙离开燃烧室. |
| 48 | Then all of that high pressure, high temperature combustion exhaust flows through the nozzle | 然后所有的高压,高温燃烧的废气 流经喷嘴 |
| 49 | where it expands from the size of the throat to the size of the nozzle opening. | 在那里,它从喉咙的大小扩张到喷嘴开口的大小. |
| 50 | This expansion actually accelerates the exhaust to an even faster speed than when it left | 这种膨胀实际上使排气加速到比离开时更快的速度 |
| 51 | the throat because matter naturally wants to flow from areas of high pressure to areas | 因为物质自然想要从高压地区流向地区 |
| 52 | of low pressure. | 低气压 |
| 53 | The greater the expansion ratio from the throat to the end of the nozzle, the greater the | 从喉咙到喷嘴末端的扩张比越大, |
| 54 | acceleration of the exhaust. | 加速排气 |
| 55 | This process converts pressure into thrust, and the faster we can throw that exhaust gas | 这个过程可以把压力转换成推力, 并且我们扔的废气越快 |
| 56 | out of the back of the nozzle, the faster the rocket will move forward. | 从喷嘴的后部,火箭前进的速度越快. |
| 57 | Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. | 每一种行动都有同样和相反的反应。 |
| 58 | Now that's the simple explanation, but we can go one step further now and show you exactly | 现在这是简单的解释, 但我们现在可以再走一步 告诉你确切的 |
| 59 | how the fuel is delivered to the combustion chamber. | 燃料是如何送到燃烧室的。 |
| 60 | This tells us exactly what type of rocket engine we are dealing with. | 这告诉我们我们处理的火箭发动机是什么样的。 |
| 61 | In the Merlin design, these twin pumps for the fuel and oxygen are powered by something | 在梅林的设计中,这些用于燃料和氧气的双泵 由某种东西供电 |
| 62 | called a gas generator. | 叫做煤气发生器 |
| 63 | This is like a miniature rocket engine with its own combustion chamber and nozzle that | 这就像一个微型火箭发动机 有自己的燃烧室和喷嘴 |
| 64 | gets a small feed of oxygen and fuel from the main pump, except this mini engine fires | 从主泵得到少量氧气和燃料 除了这个迷你引擎大火 |
| 65 | its exhaust gas directly into a turbine blade. | 它的废气直接变成涡轮叶片 |
| 66 | Now the presence from the combustion reaction is spinning a turbine which is connected to | 现在从燃烧反应中出现 正在旋转一个涡轮机 它连接到 |
| 67 | a driveshaft that links the gas generator to the main fuel and oxygen pumps, so now | 一个驱动器,连接燃气发电机 与主燃料和氧气泵,所以现在 |
| 68 | everything is rotating together. | 一切都在旋转 |
| 69 | After the exhaust from the gas generator has done its work of spinning up the turbine, | 在燃气发电机的废气 完成了旋转涡轮的工作之后, |
| 70 | the excess is vented out on the side of the engine through an exhaust pipe. | 多余部分通过排气管排出发动机一侧。 |
| 71 | This is what we call an open cycle gas generator, and it's a design that goes all the way | 这就是我们所谓的开放式循环燃气发生器, 它是一个设计 一路走 |
| 72 | back to 1944 and the very first long range ballistic missile ever created the German | 在1944年 最早的远程弹道导弹 创造了德国人 |
| 73 | V2 rocket. | V2型火箭弹. |
| 74 | So when Elon asked for the easiest and cheapest rocket engine possible, this is exactly what | 所以当伊隆要求 尽可能简单和最便宜的火箭发动机, 这恰恰是 |
| 75 | he got. | 他赢了。 |
| 76 | Although that also means that there must be room for improvement, so what happens when | 虽然这也意味着必须有改进的余地,但当 |
| 77 | you close your gas generator cycle and keep all of the exhaust pressure inside the engine? | 你关闭你的燃气发生器循环 并保持所有的排气压力 在发动机内部? |
| 78 | We'll find out. | 我们会发现的 |
| 79 | The Merlin engine continues to be a fantastic product for SpaceX right up until this day | 美林引擎仍然是SpaceX的绝佳产品 直到今天 |
| 80 | and it will probably continue on like that for several years, but when it came time to | 并且很可能会像那样持续几年, 但当时机到来的时候 |
| 81 | begin development on the next generation of SpaceX vehicle, it was going to require | 开始开发下一代SpaceX飞行器,它需要 |
| 82 | 下一代SpaceX引擎. | |
| 83 | So with the Starship, Elon Musk had a new mission statement for his engineers. | 因此与"星际飞船"一起,埃隆·穆斯克为其工程师有了新的任务说明. |
| 84 | Build the most complex rocket engine ever made, give it the highest thrust to weight | 造出最复杂的火箭发动机 让它承受最大重量 |
| 85 | ratio of any engine in existence, and power it with a new rocket fuel that no one has | 以无人拥有的新火箭燃料为动力 |
| 86 | ever used before. | 曾经使用过。 |
| 87 | So the time to just fall back on classic designs from the 20th century was now long gone. | 因此,从20世纪开始 回到经典设计的时代已经过去了。 |
| 88 | This was the time to reinvent the rocket engine. | 现在是重塑火箭发动机的时候了。 |
| 89 | Let's begin with that new fuel source. | 我们从新的燃料源开始 |
| 90 | Instead of kerosene, the Raptor is now burning methane. | 而不是煤油,猛禽现在正在燃烧甲烷. |
| 91 | Just like the oxygen, methane needs to be liquefied at a cryogenic temperature to make | 就像氧气一样,甲烷 需要在低温下液化才能制得 |
| 92 | it into a suitable rocket fuel. | 它变成合适的火箭燃料。 |
| 93 | So that adds an extra layer of complexity to this system, but it is worth the trouble. | 因此,这给这个系统增加了一层额外的复杂度,但它值得付出麻烦. |
| 94 | Kerosene is a long-chain hydrocarbon, which means that it is very difficult to fully combust | 煤油是一种长链碳氢化合物,这意味着很难完全燃烧 |
| 95 | and convert into gas. | 并转化为气体。 |
| 96 | You're going to end up with a lot of solid matter left behind as a byproduct, even inside | 你最后会留下很多坚固的东西 作为副产品,甚至里面 |
| 97 | an environment like the combustion chamber of a rocket. | 类似火箭燃烧室的环境 |
| 98 | That leftover carbon solid is what we would typically refer to as soot, just black dust. | 剩下的碳固体就是我们通常所称的烟尘,只是黑尘。 |
| 99 | And the same as the inside of a chimney, that soot has a tendency to cling onto the inside | 和烟囱内部一样 烟尘有粘在内部的倾向 |
| 100 | of a rocket engine and cause a buildup known as coking. | 制造一种被称为焦化的积聚 |
| 101 | Now, since a typical rocket engine goes straight to the bottom of the ocean after being used | 现在,因为一个典型的火箭发动机在被使用后直达海底 |
| 102 | once, that typically doesn't matter. | 有一次,这通常不重要。 |
| 103 | But in a reusable engine like the Merlin, that coking all needs to be scrubbed out in | 但是在像梅林号这样的可重复使用的引擎中, 编织所有的东西都需要擦掉 |
| 104 | between launches. | 发射之间。 |
| 105 | And that's just not going to cut it with the rapid reusability schedule that Elon has | 这不会因为伊隆的快速复用计划而减少 |
| 106 | in mind for Starship. | 记住星舰。 |
| 107 | He wants these things launching multiple times per day. | 他希望这些东西每天发动多次. |
| 108 | Methane is mostly hydrogen, with one single atom of carbon for every four atoms of hydrogen. | 甲烷多为氢气,每四个氢原子有一个碳原子. |
| 109 | So it's pretty easy to fully combust that carbon and leave nothing behind as a byproduct. | 因此,完全燃烧碳和不留下任何东西作为副产品是相当容易的。 |
| 110 | If you have natural gas in your home, that's almost entirely methane, and you can burn | 如果你家里有天然气 那几乎是甲烷 你可以燃烧 |
| 111 | it all day in your furnace or stove without having to worry about carbon residue. | 在你的炉子或炉子里 整天不担心碳残留物 |
| 112 | So that's the fuel. | 这就是燃料。 |
| 113 | Now, how does the internal system of a Raptor engine compare to the old Merlin? | 现在,猛禽引擎的内部系统如何与老的梅林相比? |
| 114 | Well, the design of the Raptor is called a Full Flow Staged Combustion Cycle, and it's | 猛禽的设计叫做全流阶段燃烧循环 |
| 115 | an exceptionally complex layout of pumps, turbines, and plumbing. | 水泵、涡轮机和管道布局特别复杂。 |
| 116 | Okay, let's go back to our engine. | 好吧,让我们回到我们的引擎。 |
| 117 | In the Raptor cycle, the liquid propellants move from the tanks to the main pumps and | 在猛禽循环中,液体推进剂从罐体转移到主泵和 |
| 118 | then directly into a pair of gas generators. | 然后直接进入一对燃气发电机。 |
| 119 | So both the fuel and oxygen hit their own individual turbines. | 所以燃料和氧气都击中了自己的单个涡轮机. |
| 120 | Now, instead of everything rotating on one main shaft, we have independent turbines and | 现在,不是所有东西都旋转在一个主轴上, 我们有独立的涡轮机和 |
| 121 | each tank with everything integrated into one single unit, often called the turbo pump. | 每一个罐体,所有东西都整合在一个单元中,常被称为涡轮泵. |
| 122 | Beginning with the oxygen side of the Raptor, the cold liquid oxygen flows straight down | 从猛禽的氧气侧面开始 冷液氧会直下流 |
| 123 | from the tank into the pump where it is fed into a pre-burner. | 从油箱进入泵,然后装入燃烧前的容器。 |
| 124 | That's the miniature rocket engine we talked about earlier. | 这就是我们刚才提到的微型火箭发动机。 |
| 125 | Because the gas generator and the pump are now integrated together, almost all of the | 因为煤气发生器和泵 现在已经融合在一起了,几乎所有的 |
| 126 | liquid oxygen is going to flow through the pre-burner where it will combine with a small | 液氧会流经燃烧前 与小的结合 |
| 127 | amount of methane and ignite. | 甲烷和点燃量。 |
| 128 | This transitions our liquid back into a gas, with the result being that matter is now flowing | 这使我们的液体重新变成气体 结果是物质正在流动 |
| 129 | from higher density to lower density. | 从高密度到低密度。 |
| 130 | That means the oxygen is rapidly accelerating into our generator turbine, which is connected | 这意味着氧气正在快速加速进入我们的发电机涡轮,它连接着 |
| 131 | on a very short drive shaft into our turbo pump, which forces the liquid down from the | 在很短的驱动器上 进入我们的涡轮泵, 它迫使液体从 |
| 132 | main tank. | 主罐车. |
| 133 | Now, because there is only a small amount of methane added to the pre-burner, we're | 现在,因为只有少量甲烷 添加到燃烧前,我们 |
| 134 | not burning up the oxygen, this just makes it hot, and by vaporizing the liquid, we greatly | 不燃烧氧气, 这只会让它发热, 通过蒸发液体, |
| 135 | increase its volume, which greatly increases the amount of pressure inside the system. | 增加其体积,这大大增加了系统内的压力量. |
| 136 | This is the key to the Raptor's power. | 这是猛禽力量的关键. |
| 137 | That hot oxygen gas is then forced down through a series of injectors into the main combustion | 热氧气通过一系列注射器 被强制下气 |
| 138 | chamber. | 房间 |
| 139 | But let's pause for a second before we talk about methane, because there's a big problem | 但是在谈论甲烷之前先暂停一下 因为有个大问题 |
| 140 | with what we just told you. | 我们刚刚跟你说的 |
| 141 | If the gas generator turbine spins the pump and the pump sends the liquid into the gas | 如果燃气发电机涡轮旋转泵,泵将液体送入气体中 |
| 142 | generator, then how does the process get started in the first place? | 生成器,然后过程是如何从头开始的? |
| 143 | Well, a typical rocket like our Merlin-equipped Falcon 9 will have an onboard helium tank. | 嗯,典型的火箭 像我们的梅林装备的猎鹰9 会有一个在船上的氦罐。 |
| 144 | During the startup procedure, the helium is released into the gas generator, which spins | 在启动过程中,氦释放到气体发生器中,气体发生器旋转 |
| 145 | up the turbine and gets the whole process into motion. | 启动涡轮机 启动整个过程 |
| 146 | For the Raptor, SpaceX uses equipment on the launch mount to externally spin start the | 对于猛禽,SpaceX在发射架上使用设备进行外部旋转 |
| 147 | turbines. | 涡轮机。 |
| 148 | This is why the Starship launch mount is considered to be a stage zero for the main rocket. | 这就是为什么星舰发射舱被认为是主火箭的级零. |
| 149 | It is the key to the successful ignition of the booster. | 这是成功点火助推器的关键。 |
| 150 | Okay, let's flip over to our methane turbopump. | 好吧,让我们翻过来 我们的甲烷涡轮泵。 |
| 151 | This is offset on the side of the engine, so it runs in parallel to the oxygen pump. | 这在发动机侧面被抵消,因此它与氧气泵平行运行. |
| 152 | Again, our cold liquid methane flows in through the top of the unit, but instead of going | 我们的冷液态甲烷又从顶部流进来了 而不是去 |
| 153 | straight to the pre-burner, methane is going on a bit of a side quest. | 直接到预燃机, 甲烷正在进行 一点点的边探索。 |
| 154 | Straight out of the fuel pump, the cold liquid is diverted through a pipe and down towards | 直接从燃料泵出来,冷液通过管道分流,然后向下 |
| 155 | the engine nozzle, and this is how we keep the Raptor engine from melting. | 引擎喷嘴 这就是我们阻止猛禽引擎融化的方法 |
| 156 | Liquid fuel flows through the walls of the nozzle and the combustion chamber and conducts | 液体燃料流经喷嘴和燃烧室的墙壁并进行 |
| 157 | heat away from the metal. | 远离金属的热量 |
| 158 | Then as the liquid heats up, it moves away from the combustion chamber and back over | 然后随着液体的加热, 它移动离开燃烧室 回到过去 |
| 159 | to the methane turbopump assembly. | 到甲烷涡轮泵组装。 |
| 160 | The heated liquid fuel now enters the pre-burner from below, where it first meets up with a | 热液燃料现在从下面进入预燃烧器 在那里它首先遇到一个 |
| 161 | small supply of the cold liquid oxygen and ignites. | 冷液氧的少量供应和点燃。 |
| 162 | Just like before, this rapid expansion from liquid to gas powers a turbine, which is connected | 和以前一样 从液体向气体的快速扩张 使涡轮机能够连接 |
| 163 | by a driveshaft to the fuel pump above. | 由驱动器到上面的燃料泵。 |
| 164 | The turbine also propels the now gaseous methane sideways back towards the main body of the | 涡轮机还推动现在的气态甲烷侧向返回主体 |
| 165 | engine, where methane injectors combine with oxygen injectors, and the two hot gases finally | 发动机,甲烷注入器与氧气注入器结合,两种热气终于 |
| 166 | meet up in the combustion chamber. | 在燃烧室见面 |
| 167 | This gas-on-gas reaction occurs at incredibly high pressure, over 300 times the ambient | 这种气对气的反应 发生在极高的压力下 超过环境的300倍 |
| 168 | pressure of Earth's atmosphere at sea level, with the latest builds of the Raptor 3 engine | 地球大气层在海平面的压力,最新的建造猛禽3发动机 |
| 169 | approaching nearly 400 times ambient pressure in test scenarios. | 在试验中接近环境压力的近400倍。 |
| 170 | And because matter always flows from high pressure to low pressure, that means the turbopumps | 因为物质总是从高压流向低压 这意味着涡轮泵 |
| 171 | actually have to operate at an even higher internal pressure of around 600 times ambient. | 实际上,必须在更高的内部压力下操作, 大约是环境的600倍。 |
| 172 | Otherwise, the combustion would flow back up through the engine into the fuel tanks, | 否则,燃烧会通过发动机回流到燃料箱中, |
| 173 | and everything would explode. | 一切都会爆炸的 |
| 174 | So the only way to maintain that incredibly high pressure is to eliminate the exhaust | 所以保持这种惊人高压的唯一办法 就是消除排气 |
| 175 | pipe from the gas generator. | 煤气发电机的管道。 |
| 176 | That's why we call the Raptor a closed cycle, as opposed to the Merlin's open cycle. | 因此我们称猛禽为闭合循环,而不是梅林的开放循环. |
| 177 | So in a Raptor, all of the pressure from both of the gas generators is held inside the system. | 所以在猛禽体内,两个燃气发电机的所有压力都控制在系统内部. |
| 178 | This is also another area where methane shines as a clean-burning fuel source, because we | 这也是甲烷作为清洁燃烧燃料源而发光的另一个地区,因为我们 |
| 179 | are not venting the exhaust from the pre-burner. | 不是从燃烧前排出废气 |
| 180 | If you tried this with kerosene fuel, the soot would very quickly build up inside the | 如果你用煤油燃料试一下 烟灰会很快地积聚在 |
| 181 | system and ruin everything. | 摧毁一切 |
| 182 | That's also where we get the term full flow, because all of the fuel and all of the oxygen | 这也是我们得到的术语全流, 因为所有的燃料和氧气 |
| 183 | is moving through the gas generator and into the combustion chamber. | 正在通过燃气发生器进入燃烧室 |
| 184 | Now, the last part of the title, staged combustion, that refers to the fact that we ignite the | 现在,标题的最后一部分, 舞台燃烧, 指的是我们点燃 |
| 185 | propellants twice, first in the pre-burner, then again in the combustion chamber. | 推进剂有两次,先在预燃烧器中,再在燃烧室中. |
| 186 | Okay, so if all that sounded very complicated, that's because it is. | 好吧,如果所有听起来非常复杂, 那是因为它是。 |
| 187 | Elon has referred to igniting the Raptor engine as a delicate dance between fuel system and | 伊隆曾将点燃猛禽引擎称为燃料系统和 |
| 188 | oxygen system. | 氧气系统。 |
| 189 | Everything is interconnected, and everything affects everything else. | 万物相连,万物影响万物. |
| 190 | So if anything goes wrong, or even if the methane and oxygen cycles get even slightly | 所以如果出了什么差错 或者即使甲烷和氧气循环 也会稍有变化 |
| 191 | out of sync with each other, then the whole engine will explode. | 无法同步 整个引擎就会爆炸 |
| 192 | So we know how the Raptor does what it does, but let's talk about what that all means | 所以我们知道猛禽是怎么做的 但让我们来谈谈那意味着什么 |
| 193 | for the performance and power of this engine. | 这引擎的性能和功率 |
| 194 | The Raptor is a relatively small engine that produces a relatively massive amount of thrust. | 猛禽是一种相对较小的发动机,能产生相对大量的推力. |
| 195 | The current Raptor version 3 is creating 280 metric tons of thrust at sea level. | 目前的猛禽3版正在海平面产生280公吨的推力. |
| 196 | This is not the most powerful rocket engine, that title goes to the F1 engine that lifted | 这不是最强大的火箭发动机 标题是升空的F1发动机 |
| 197 | the Saturn V rocket. | 土星五号火箭 |
| 198 | It had more than double the thrust of a Raptor, but it was also an absolutely humongous engine | 它的推力是猛禽的两倍多, 但它也是一个绝对巨大的引擎 |
| 199 | that you could park a jeep inside of. | 你可以把吉普车停在里面 |
| 200 | By comparison, the Raptor is super compact at 3 meters tall and 1.5 meters wide at the | 相比之下,猛禽号是超紧凑的,高3米,宽1.5米。 |
| 201 | nozzle. | 喷嘴。 |
| 202 | This allows SpaceX to pack 33 of them into the 9 meter diameter booster. | 这使得SpaceX可以将其中的33枚装入9米直径增压器. |
| 203 | So the Raptor is much smaller than a close equivalent, such as the RS-25 engine that | 所以猛禽比近等效的引擎小得多 比如RS-25引擎 |
| 204 | powered the space shuttle and also has been adapted to the SLS moon rocket. | 给航天飞机提供了动力,并且也适应了SLS月球火箭. |
| 205 | But the RS-25 only produces about 190 metric tons of thrust, while still being twice the | 但RS-25型机车仅生产约190公吨的推力,同时仍为两倍. |
| 206 | size of a Raptor. | 长得像猛禽 |
| 207 | This gives SpaceX an unmatched power to weight ratio, and Raptor accomplishes it by running | 这给了SpaceX一个无与伦比的重量比,猛禽通过运行完成它 |
| 208 | the combustion chamber at significantly higher pressure than any other rocket engine in the | 燃烧室的气压大大高于火箭发动机 |
| 209 | world. | 这个世界 |
| 210 | The Raptor 3 chamber pressure is currently 350 bar, which converts to over 5,000 pounds | 猛禽3室压力目前为350巴,转换为5000磅以上 |
| 211 | per square inch. | 每个平方英寸。 |
| 212 | For comparison, the old Merlin engine chamber pressure is down at around 100 bar. | 相比之下,老梅林发动机室压力在100巴左右下降. |
| 213 | Remember that the rocket engine uses the throat and the nozzle to convert pressure into thrust. | 记住火箭发动机使用喉咙和喷嘴将压力转化为推力. |
| 214 | So more pressure means more thrust. | 因此,更大的压力意味着更多的推力. |
| 215 | And that's the thing about the Raptor. | 这就是猛禽的事 |
| 216 | It is, by any reasonable measure, an insane object. | 以任何合理的衡量,它都是个疯子 |
| 217 | It runs at pressures that would implode a submarine. | 它在压力下运行 可能会引爆潜艇 |
| 218 | It is also always one misstep away from a rapid, unscheduled disassembly. | 它也总是与迅速、不定期的解体相距甚远。 |
| 219 | And SpaceX needs 33 of them firing in perfect harmony just to get one Starship off the ground. | 而SpaceX则需要33个在完美的和谐中发射 只是为了让一艘星舰离开地面 |
| 220 | And that's not a flaw in the design, it's the whole point. | 这并非设计上的缺陷,而是整个重点. |
| 221 | Because getting to Mars and building something permanent out there, none of that happens | 因为去火星 建造永久的东西 在那里,没有发生 |
| 222 | with a safe engine. | 有个安全引擎 |
| 223 | It happens with this one. | 这个就发生了 |
| 224 | The end game of the Starship is to become one of the most important vehicles ever created | "星际飞船"的终极游戏是成为有史以来最重要的载体之一 |
| 225 | in human history. | 在人类历史上。 |
| 226 | This is right up there with the first sailing ships that crossed the ocean and connected | 这上面有第一批横渡海洋的帆船 |
| 227 | the globe. | 全球 |
| 228 | The Starship can connect the solar system, but first we need to learn how to tame the Raptor. | 星际飞船可以连接太阳系,但首先我们需要学会驯服猛禽. |
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