安慰剂效应为什么有效？

发布于 2026-09-25 · 时长 5:26

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:02	The stones are great and a magic power they have.	石头是伟大的和魔法的力量,他们拥有。
0:06	Men that are sick fare to that stone and they wash that stone and with that water bathe away their sickness.	生病的人去那块石头洗了那块石头水洗了他们的病
0:21	The placebo effect has been known about for ages and always been considered hugely important in the history of medicine.	安慰剂效应已久闻名于世,在医学史上始终被认为是极其重要的.
0:27	The great monument Stonehenge may actually have been a kind of placebo hospital, a place to which people came in order to receive faith cures.	伟大的纪念碑巨石阵可能其实是一类安慰剂医院,人们为了获得信仰治疗而来的地方.
0:37	What they did we believe is to touch the stones and through them absorb as they believed some magically potent medicine.	我们所相信的就是触摸石头,通过石头吸收因为他们相信一些神奇的药。
0:46	But it's only recently that science has begun to get to grips with what's actually going on when people respond to placebo treatments by reducing their sense of pain.	但直到最近,科学才开始控制当人们通过降低痛苦感来应对安慰剂治疗时, 实际发生的事情。
0:57	The placebo effect involves the use of the endogenous opiates, our own internal painkillers, a drug rather like morphine which we release in order to control pain.	安慰剂效应涉及使用内生阿片剂,即我们自己的内止痛药,是一种药物,类似于我们为了控制疼痛而释放的吗啡。
1:08	What's always interested me though is the other question, the real mystery, not how they work, actually why placebos work.	但我一直感兴趣的是另一个问题, 真正的谜团,而不是他们是如何工作的, 其实安慰剂为什么工作。
1:16	If you think about it from the point of view of evolution, a placebo effect is actually rather paradoxical.	如果你从进化的角度来考虑, 安慰剂效应实际上相当矛盾。
1:22	Because when we get better under the influence of a placebo, of course we're curing ourselves.	因为当我们在安慰剂的影响下好起来时, 我们当然在治疗自己。

展开字幕全文（66 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	The stones are great and a magic power they have.	石头是伟大的和魔法的力量,他们拥有。
2	Men that are sick fare to that stone and they wash that stone and with that water bathe away their sickness.	生病的人去那块石头洗了那块石头水洗了他们的病
3	The placebo effect has been known about for ages and always been considered hugely important in the history of medicine.	安慰剂效应已久闻名于世,在医学史上始终被认为是极其重要的.
4	The great monument Stonehenge may actually have been a kind of placebo hospital, a place to which people came in order to receive faith cures.	伟大的纪念碑巨石阵可能其实是一类安慰剂医院,人们为了获得信仰治疗而来的地方.
5	What they did we believe is to touch the stones and through them absorb as they believed some magically potent medicine.	我们所相信的就是触摸石头,通过石头吸收因为他们相信一些神奇的药。
6	But it's only recently that science has begun to get to grips with what's actually going on when people respond to placebo treatments by reducing their sense of pain.	但直到最近,科学才开始控制当人们通过降低痛苦感来应对安慰剂治疗时, 实际发生的事情。
7	The placebo effect involves the use of the endogenous opiates, our own internal painkillers, a drug rather like morphine which we release in order to control pain.	安慰剂效应涉及使用内生阿片剂,即我们自己的内止痛药,是一种药物,类似于我们为了控制疼痛而释放的吗啡。
8	What's always interested me though is the other question, the real mystery, not how they work, actually why placebos work.	但我一直感兴趣的是另一个问题, 真正的谜团,而不是他们是如何工作的, 其实安慰剂为什么工作。
9	If you think about it from the point of view of evolution, a placebo effect is actually rather paradoxical.	如果你从进化的角度来考虑, 安慰剂效应实际上相当矛盾。
10	Because when we get better under the influence of a placebo, of course we're curing ourselves.	因为当我们在安慰剂的影响下好起来时, 我们当然在治疗自己。
11	That's what a placebo is by definition.	这就是安慰剂的定义。
12	It's an inert substance.	它是惰性物质.
13	But if we can cure ourselves of an illness, then why don't we just do it?	但是如果我们能治好自己的疾病,那我们为什么不直接做呢?
14	Why don't we just get on with it?	我们为什么不继续呢?
15	Why do we need to wait for permission from a sugar pill or a quack doctor or a snake oil?	为何要等待糖丸或石膏医生或蛇油的许可?
16	The only reason we don't, and this must be the explanation, is that it isn't actually in our interests to cure ourselves immediately, whatever the circumstances.	我们不这样做的唯一原因, 一定是这个解释, 是因为不管在什么情况下, 立即治疗自己并不符合我们的利益。
17	Lots of the things we count as illness, pain or fever or nausea for that matter, are not actually illnesses in their own right.	我们所认为的很多疾病, 疼痛或发烧或恶心本身并不是疾病。
18	They're the vulved defences which we put up against illness.	它们是我们用来防病的防守
19	And of course we don't want to undermine them.	当然我们不想破坏他们
20	We don't want to lose pain when in fact it's protecting us from further injury.	我们不想失去痛苦当它实际上保护了我们免于进一步伤害。
21	We don't want to stop feeling sick when our bodies are full of toxins.	当我们身体充满毒素的时候我们不想停止生病的感觉
22	We don't want to relax a fever when we've got bacteria to deal with.	我们不想在有细菌时放松发烧.
23	We can't stand the high temperatures which we're developing as a defence in our own body.	我们无法忍受高温我们发展成为自己身体的防御系统
24	So let's think about the costs and the benefits of, let's say, feeling pain.	因此,让我们来考虑一下痛苦的代价和好处。
25	A little boy falls over in the playground and badly bruises and grazes his knee.	一个小男孩在操场上摔倒,伤势严重,膝盖受创。
26	It hurts.	痛甚. 师曰.
27	He cries.	他哭着
28	He sits there and waits for help.	他坐在那里等待帮助。
29	That's a very adaptive response.	这是一个非常适应性的反应。
30	The pain is bringing benefits.	痛苦带来了好处。
31	It's going to stop him making things worse.	这会阻止他把事情弄得更糟
32	It's going to stop him opening up the wound.	它会阻止他打开伤口。
33	It's also going to summon help.	亦将召救.
34	But of course it's also considerably a costly thing to do.	但当然,它也是一件相当昂贵的事情。
35	If that pain continues too long, you know, he's not going to be able to get on with his life.	如果这种痛苦持续太久, 你知道,他不会能够继续他的生活。
36	He's not going to be able to feed himself.	亦不能自供养.
37	He's not going to be able to run away from a predator if one turned up.	如果有人出现,他就无法逃离掠食者。
38	Now his mother turns up, takes him in her arms, kisses it better.	现在他的母亲出现了,把他抱在怀里,吻得更好.
39	He feels safe now and he doesn't actually need to feel the pain to the extent he did to protect himself.	他现在觉得安全了他不需要像保护自己那样感受到痛苦
40	He's going to be protected by his family from now on.	从此受眷属护.
41	The effect of that is that suddenly the benefits of the pain have been reduced.	其效果是疼痛带来的惠益突然减少。
42	It's not essential anymore.	这已经不重要了
43	His mother has allowed him to readjust the equation.	他的母亲允许他重新调整方程式。
44	And now the benefit of the pain goes down.	而今苦乐之益渐减.
45	The cost of the pain exceeds the benefit and the pain reduces.	疼痛的代价超过好处,疼痛减少.
46	Okay, so that's when his mother turns up.	好吧,这就是他妈妈出现的时候。
47	She's a genuine safety signal.	她是一个真正的安全信号。
48	But suppose now that some quite spurious signal turns up.	但假设现在出现了一些很虚假的信号。
49	Supposing he sees a poster up on the wall saying,	假如他看到墙上的海报说
50	Okay, you're being looked after by the great god Elmo.	好吧,你正在被伟大的神爱莫照顾。
51	Don't worry about anything.	什么都别担心
52	You'll be all right.	你会没事的。
53	Elmo will look after you.	艾莫会照顾你的
54	Now that's fake information.	现在,这是假信息。
55	And nonetheless, the boy may respond just as he would to the genuine information that he's in safe hands by reducing his pain.	不过,这孩子可能会像他一样回应真正的消息,即他通过减轻痛苦而安全地掌握在手中。
56	In effect, he'll have responded to a placebo medicine.	实际上,他会对安慰剂药做出反应。
57	We could be receiving a false safety signal.	我们可能收到假安全信号
58	And it's still going to be just as effective in getting us to reduce our pain or to reduce our fever.	并且它仍然会同样有效地帮助我们减轻痛苦或降低发烧。
59	Now you'll see from the story I've been telling that actually I'm saying that placebos are a mistake.	从我所讲的故事中你可以看到, 其实我是说安慰剂是个错误。
60	We're doing something which is potentially maladaptive when we respond to false information in order to lower our guard, let down our defenses.	我们正在做一些可能不适应的事情当我们回应虚假信息为了降低我们的警惕, 放松我们的防御。
61	And I think we have to accept that in the past, evolutionary past, that indeed might have been a very bad idea.	我认为我们必须接受,在过去, 进化的过去, 这是一个非常糟糕的想法。
62	We'd have been curing ourselves prematurely when it wasn't actually safe to do so.	如果真的不安全的话,我们就会早点治好自己。
63	Today, we have much greater levels of social support, good diets, warmth, comfort, access to medications and so on.	今天,我们的社会支持程度要高得多,饮食好,温暖,舒适,有获得药品的机会等等.
64	And so we really can afford to let down our guard in ways in which we couldn't in the past.	这样我们才能以过去无法承受的方式放松警惕
65	We don't need to be as careful as we used to be.	我们不需要像以前那样小心
66	And so, indeed, a dose of contrived optimism, which is basically what placebos provide, could be just what the doctor ordered.	所以,事实上,一剂精心构思的乐观, 这基本上是安慰剂提供的, 可能是医生点的。

该视频共有字幕 66 条。解锁更多字幕为会员功能，请移动到价格

下载安装