历史上的孩子们都玩些什么玩具
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | The year is 100 CE, and 11-year-old Julia Lucilla is playing with her ivory doll, Pompeia. | 这一年是100CE,11岁的朱莉娅·卢西拉正和她的象牙娃娃蓬佩亚一起玩. |
| 0:10 | Named after the Roman emperor Trajan's wife, Pompeia is only 20 centimeters tall, | 以罗马皇帝特拉扬的妻子庞佩亚的名字命名 庞佩亚只有20厘米高 |
| 0:16 | with joints at her arms, legs, knees, and elbows, and a bevy of miniature clothes and accessories. | 她的手臂、腿、膝盖和肘部都有关节,还有一些小衣服和饰品。 |
| 0:23 | With her doll in hand, Julia hosts elaborate dinner parties, | 带着她的娃娃 茱莉亚主持精心策划的晚宴 |
| 0:27 | helps Aeneas escape Troy, and accompanies her father on work trips to Egypt. | 帮助艾妮亚斯逃离特洛伊,陪着她的父亲去埃及工作. |
| 0:33 | This ancient scene is likely familiar to any modern parent, | 这个古老的场景 对任何现代父母来说都是熟悉的 |
| 0:37 | and that's because kids have been going on imaginary adventures with their toys for thousands of years. | 这是因为孩子们已经用他们的玩具 进行了几千年的假想冒险 |
| 0:46 | While the most common ancient playthings would likely have been sticks and rocks, | 虽然最常见的古代玩物 很可能是棍子和岩石, |
| 0:50 | evidence of their use for play is archaeologically invisible. | 用于游戏的证据在考古学上是看不见的。 |
| 0:54 | However, archaeologists have found material, visual, and written evidence for toys across the ancient world. | 然而,考古学家在古代世界各地发现了玩具的材料,视觉和书面证据. |
展开字幕全文（60 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | The year is 100 CE, and 11-year-old Julia Lucilla is playing with her ivory doll, Pompeia. | 这一年是100CE,11岁的朱莉娅·卢西拉正和她的象牙娃娃蓬佩亚一起玩. |
| 2 | Named after the Roman emperor Trajan's wife, Pompeia is only 20 centimeters tall, | 以罗马皇帝特拉扬的妻子庞佩亚的名字命名 庞佩亚只有20厘米高 |
| 3 | with joints at her arms, legs, knees, and elbows, and a bevy of miniature clothes and accessories. | 她的手臂、腿、膝盖和肘部都有关节,还有一些小衣服和饰品。 |
| 4 | With her doll in hand, Julia hosts elaborate dinner parties, | 带着她的娃娃 茱莉亚主持精心策划的晚宴 |
| 5 | helps Aeneas escape Troy, and accompanies her father on work trips to Egypt. | 帮助艾妮亚斯逃离特洛伊,陪着她的父亲去埃及工作. |
| 6 | This ancient scene is likely familiar to any modern parent, | 这个古老的场景 对任何现代父母来说都是熟悉的 |
| 7 | and that's because kids have been going on imaginary adventures with their toys for thousands of years. | 这是因为孩子们已经用他们的玩具 进行了几千年的假想冒险 |
| 8 | While the most common ancient playthings would likely have been sticks and rocks, | 虽然最常见的古代玩物 很可能是棍子和岩石, |
| 9 | evidence of their use for play is archaeologically invisible. | 用于游戏的证据在考古学上是看不见的。 |
| 10 | However, archaeologists have found material, visual, and written evidence for toys across the ancient world. | 然而,考古学家在古代世界各地发现了玩具的材料,视觉和书面证据. |
| 11 | In Anatolia, circa 3000 BCE, miniature toy carriages raced through the dirt at the hands of energetic youngsters. | 在安纳托利亚,大约3000BCE,小型玩具马车在精力充沛的年轻人的手中跑过泥土. |
| 12 | A thousand years later, in the Indus Valley, | 一千年后,在印度河谷 |
| 13 | a toddler giggled gleefully at the chirping sound created by their dove-shaped terracotta whistle. | 一个幼稚的笑笑着在鸣叫声中欢呼着 他们的鸽子形状的Terracotta哨子所创造 |
| 14 | Alongside whistles and wheeled toys, dolls are another common ancient plaything, | 除了哨子和轮式玩具, 娃娃是另一种常见的古代玩物, |
| 15 | though they can be a little harder to identify. | 虽然他们可能有点难识别。 |
| 16 | While some archaeologists think ancient female figurines found across Afro-Eurasia may have been children's toys, | 虽然一些考古学家认为 在非洲-欧亚发现的古老女性雕像 可能是儿童玩具 |
| 17 | others believe them to be sacred fertility idols. | 其他人认为他们是神圣的生育偶像. |
| 18 | But we do know dolls like Pompeia were popular in Greece and Rome, | 但我们知道蓬佩亚这样的娃娃在希腊和罗马很受欢迎, |
| 19 | with hair and clothes designed to reflect changing adult fashions. | 头发和衣服 设计以反映 变化的成人时尚。 |
| 20 | And thousands of years later, in the Arctic, | 数千年后,在北极地区, |
| 21 | Inuit children carried fur-clad dolls carved of wood or walrus tusk. | 因努伊特儿童携带由木头或海象牙雕刻的毛皮娃娃。 |
| 22 | But perhaps the most common ancient toy is the humble ball. | 但也许最常见的古老玩具是谦卑的球. |
| 23 | Thousands of years ago, children in ancient Egypt, China, Greece, and Mesoamerica | 数千年前,古埃及、中国、希腊和中美洲的儿童 |
| 24 | kicked and threw balls made of everything from leather and linen to papyrus and palm fiber. | 从皮革和亚麻到帕皮鲁斯和棕榈纤维 都用脚踢和扔球 |
| 25 | The rules for most of their games have been lost to time, | 他们大部分比赛的规则已经过时了 |
| 26 | however, some kids may have imitated adult games we know more about. | 然而,有些孩子可能模仿了我们更了解的成人游戏. |
| 27 | For example, ancient Greek children might have played Episkouros, | 例如,古希腊儿童可能扮演过Episkouros, |
| 28 | a team sport where players competed to push their opponents outside the pitch by hurling the ball as far as possible. | 一种团队运动 球员竞相把对手推到球场之外 尽可能把球扔到最远 |
| 29 | Meanwhile, Mesoamerican kids might have played a game where players tried to hit a rubber ball through a hoop, | 与此同时,中美洲孩子可能玩过一个游戏 玩家试图打一个橡胶球 通过一个hoop, |
| 30 | using only their hips. | 仅用他们的臀部。 |
| 31 | Then again, in some cultures, this game had religious significance, | 在某些文化中 这场游戏具有宗教意义 |
| 32 | so it's possible those children steered clear of this sacred sport. | 所以有可能是那些孩子 远离了这个神圣的运动。 |
| 33 | In any case, rougher, physical play was often limited by ancient gender expectations, | 无论如何,更粗糙的,物理的游戏往往受到古代性别期望的限制, |
| 34 | with young girls being left out of rowdier ball games in Rome and Egypt. | 年轻女孩在罗马和埃及的比赛中被排除在外。 |
| 35 | Spartan girls, circa 400 CE, did engage in the same rigorous physical activities as boys, | 斯巴达女孩,大约400 CE,确实与男孩一样从事严格的体育活动, |
| 36 | but largely because adults believed it would strengthen their bodies for childbearing. | 但主要是因为成年人相信 这会加强他们的身体 生育。 |
| 37 | Fortunately, this wasn't the only reason ancient adults encouraged kids to play. | 幸运的是,这不是古代成年人鼓励孩子玩的唯一原因. |
| 38 | Athenian philosopher Plato observed that toys like building blocks and miniature farming implements | 雅典哲学家柏拉图认为 建筑构件和小型农具之类的玩具 |
| 39 | were useful tools for learning the skills needed in adulthood. | 这是学习成人所需技能的有用工具。 |
| 40 | That said, many ancient cultures expected children to give up their games and toys as they grew up. | 尽管如此,许多古代文化都期望儿童在成长时放弃游戏和玩具. |
| 41 | A common Roman phrase described a child giving up nuts when taking up their adult responsibilities, | 一个罗马俗语描述一个孩子在承担成人责任时放弃了坚果, |
| 42 | since nuts were used in a variety of simple games. | 因为坚果被用于各种简单的游戏中. |
| 43 | And young Roman girls left their dolls as offerings to the gods as part of preparing for their wedding. | 而年轻的罗马女孩们为了准备自己的婚礼而留下了自己的娃娃作为献祭给众神. |
| 44 | However, other childhood games resembled those men and women continued to enjoy into adulthood. | 然而,其他童年游戏类似这些男女在成年后继续享受。 |
| 45 | One called knucklebones was popular across the ancient Mediterranean. | 一个叫做关节骨的 在古地中海很受欢迎 |
| 46 | Usually crafted from the ankle bones of sheep or pigs, | 通常用羊或猪的脚踝骨制成 |
| 47 | they could be used as jacks or dice, with different faces earning different point values. | 它们可能被用作 JK 或骰子, 不同的面孔 获得不同的点值。 |
| 48 | In addition to games of chance, ancient adults played a variety of strategic board games, | 除了机会游戏,古代成年人还玩各种战略棋盘游戏, |
| 49 | which may have been introduced during childhood. | 可能在童年时期被引入. |
| 50 | Some particularly well-recorded examples include | 一些特别有记录的例子包括: |
| 51 | the royal game of Ur in ancient Mesopotamia, | 在古美索不达米亚的皇家游戏乌尔 |
| 52 | Go in China, | 去中国吧 |
| 53 | Senet in Egypt, | 埃及的网络 |
| 54 | and Ludus Lateran Callorum, | 和卢杜斯·拉达·卡罗伦, |
| 55 | the game of soldiers in Rome. | 罗马的士兵游戏 |
| 56 | Today, playful kids follow the same instincts as their ancient ancestors. | 今天,玩耍的孩子们跟古代祖先一样的本能. |
| 57 | They continue to make up ball games, | 他们继续编球赛, |
| 58 | invent stories for their favorite dolls, | 为他们最喜欢的娃娃创作故事, |
| 59 | and send toy cars skittering across the floor. | 并派玩具车滑过地板 |
| 60 | Because the simplest kinds of play never get all. | 因为最简单的游戏 永远不会得到所有。 |
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