飞机为何用煤油而非汽油？
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:01 | Next time you're at a gas station, take a look at the pumps. | 下次在加油站的时候 看看水泵 |
| 0:04 | You've got regular gasoline and diesel. | 你有固定的汽油和柴油。 |
| 0:07 | But imagine for a moment trying to drive a massive Boeing 777 up to the pump. | 但想象一下,试图驾驶一个巨大的波音777到泵。 |
| 0:13 | Neither of those fuels would do the trick. | 这两种燃料都不会起作用。 |
| 0:16 | Commercial jets don't run on the gasoline we use in our cars. | 商用喷气机不会用我们车上用的汽油 |
| 0:20 | Instead, they run on a fuel you probably associate with antique camping stoves | 相反,他们运行的燃料 你可能与古董露营炉 |
| 0:25 | and 19th century lamps, kerosene. | 和19世纪的灯,煤油。 |
| 0:28 | But wait, isn't gasoline the fuel we usually associate with high-performance engines? | 等等,汽油不是我们通常与高性能发动机相联系的燃料吗? |
| 0:34 | Why would a multi-million dollar jet engine rely on the same stuff | 为什么一百万美金的喷气发动机 依赖同样的东西 |
| 0:38 | people used to light their homes over a century ago? | 一个多世纪前人们经常点燃自己的家? |
展开字幕全文（71 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Next time you're at a gas station, take a look at the pumps. | 下次在加油站的时候 看看水泵 |
| 2 | You've got regular gasoline and diesel. | 你有固定的汽油和柴油。 |
| 3 | But imagine for a moment trying to drive a massive Boeing 777 up to the pump. | 但想象一下,试图驾驶一个巨大的波音777到泵。 |
| 4 | Neither of those fuels would do the trick. | 这两种燃料都不会起作用。 |
| 5 | Commercial jets don't run on the gasoline we use in our cars. | 商用喷气机不会用我们车上用的汽油 |
| 6 | Instead, they run on a fuel you probably associate with antique camping stoves | 相反,他们运行的燃料 你可能与古董露营炉 |
| 7 | and 19th century lamps, kerosene. | 和19世纪的灯,煤油。 |
| 8 | But wait, isn't gasoline the fuel we usually associate with high-performance engines? | 等等,汽油不是我们通常与高性能发动机相联系的燃料吗? |
| 9 | Why would a multi-million dollar jet engine rely on the same stuff | 为什么一百万美金的喷气发动机 依赖同样的东西 |
| 10 | people used to light their homes over a century ago? | 一个多世纪前人们经常点燃自己的家? |
| 11 | Welcome to Simple Things Surprising Histories. | 欢迎来到"简单的事情" 令人惊奇的历史故事。 |
| 12 | Today, we're unpacking the surprising science and the hidden history | 今天,我们正在解开 令人惊讶的科学和隐藏的历史 |
| 13 | of why airplanes fly on kerosene. | 为什么飞机会用煤油飞? |
| 14 | To understand this, we have to look back at the early days of aviation. | 为了理解这一点,我们必须回顾航空初期的情况。 |
| 15 | The Wright brothers and the brave fighter pilots of World War I actually did use gasoline. | 莱特兄弟和第一次世界大战勇敢的战斗机飞行员实际上确实使用了汽油. |
| 16 | Their planes were powered by piston engines, | 他们的飞机由活塞引擎供电, |
| 17 | very similar to the ones sitting under the hood of your car. | 和坐在车盖下的人很像 |
| 18 | Even today, small propeller planes still run on a highly refined gasoline known as avgas. | 即使在今天,小型螺旋桨飞机仍然运行在一种被称为avgas的高精度汽油上. |
| 19 | But in the 1930s and 40s, aviation experienced a massive revolution. | 但在1930年代和40年代,航空经历了大规模的革命. |
| 20 | The invention of the jet engine. | 喷气发动机的发明. |
| 21 | Jet engines don't work like car engines. | 喷气发动机不像汽车发动机那样工作. |
| 22 | They suck in massive amounts of air, compress it, mix it with fuel, | 他们吸大量空气,压缩,混合燃料, |
| 23 | and ignite it in a continuous roaring flame to produce thrust. | 并点燃它 在连续的咆哮火焰中产生推力。 |
| 24 | When engineers were developing the first jets, | 当工程师开发第一架喷气机时, |
| 25 | they quickly realized that standard gasoline had a fatal flaw | 他们很快意识到标准汽油有致命缺陷 |
| 26 | when taken to the extreme conditions where jet engines thrive. | 在喷气发动机繁衍的极端条件下 |
| 27 | The problem wasn't the engine, it was the sky itself. | 问题不在于引擎 而是天空本身 |
| 28 | As an airplane climbs to 35,000 feet, the atmospheric pressure drops dramatically. | 随着飞机攀升到35000英尺,大气压急剧下降. |
| 29 | And here is where physics becomes a pilot's worst enemy. | 这就是物理学成为飞行员最坏的敌人的地方。 |
| 30 | Because of the combination of low pressure and changing temperatures at high altitudes, | 由于低压和高空温度变化相结合, |
| 31 | gasoline is far more prone to evaporating and forming vapor than heavier fuels. | 汽油比更重的燃料更容易蒸发和形成蒸汽。 |
| 32 | Under the extreme conditions of high-altitude flight, | 在高空飞行的极端条件下, |
| 33 | gasoline's high volatility can encourage the formation of vapor bubbles inside fuel systems. | 汽油的高挥发性可以鼓励燃料系统内部形成蒸汽泡. |
| 34 | This can contribute to a dangerous condition known as vapor lock, | 这会导致一种危险的情况,叫做蒸汽锁, |
| 35 | disrupting fuel delivery and potentially starving the engine of the steady fuel flow it needs. | 破坏燃料的运送 并可能使燃料的 稳定流动的引擎饿死 |
| 36 | Kerosene, on the other hand, is a heavier, thicker oil. | 另一方面,煤油是一种更重,更厚的油. |
| 37 | It has a much lower vapor pressure than gasoline. | 气压比汽油低很多 |
| 38 | Even at the thin edges of the stratosphere, | 即使是在平流层的边缘 |
| 39 | kerosene remains remarkably stable, flowing smoothly and safely into the roaring engine. | 煤油仍然非常稳定,流畅而安全地进入咆哮引擎. |
| 40 | But the sky isn't just thin, it is incredibly, brutally cold. | 但天空不仅是薄薄的, 它令人难以置信,残酷的寒冷。 |
| 41 | At cruising altitude, temperatures regularly plunge to minus 50 degrees Celsius. | 在巡航高度上,气温经常下降到零下50摄氏度。 |
| 42 | Most standard liquids would turn to a thick slush, | 大多数标准的液体会变成厚的浆液, |
| 43 | but modern jet fuel, which is highly refined kerosene, | 但现代喷气式燃料, 高精度煤油, |
| 44 | is specially engineered for high-altitude flight, | 为高空飞行专门设计, |
| 45 | with freezing points typically around minus 40 to minus 50 degrees Celsius, | 冻结点一般在摄氏40度至50度左右, |
| 46 | depending on the fuel type. | 取决于燃料类型。 |
| 47 | It continues flowing in conditions that would challenge many other fuels. | 它继续流动,其条件将挑战许多其他燃料。 |
| 48 | Then there's the question of safety and power. | 后有安隐及权问. |
| 49 | Gasoline is highly volatile. | 汽油极易挥发。 |
| 50 | A single stray spark near a puddle of gas on the runway is disastrous. | 跑道上一池煤气附近 一颗流星是灾难性的 |
| 51 | Kerosene has a higher flash point, | 煤油有一个更高的闪点, |
| 52 | meaning it's much harder to accidentally ignite if spilled. | 意思是如果被洒了 意外点燃就难多了 |
| 53 | Yet when atomized and sprayed under high pressure inside a jet engine, | 然而,当在喷气发动机内高压下被原子化和喷洒时, |
| 54 | it burns with unbelievable heat. | 它燃烧着难以置信的热量。 |
| 55 | Plus, kerosene is denser than gasoline, | 此外,煤油比汽油更稠密, |
| 56 | allowing aircraft to store more energy in the same tank volume, | 允许飞机在相同的坦克体积中储存更多的能量, |
| 57 | an enormous advantage when crossing oceans. | 一个巨大的优势,在穿越海洋。 |
| 58 | For an airplane trying to cross an ocean, | 对于试图穿越海洋的飞机, |
| 59 | maximizing energy while saving space is everything. | 在节省空间的同时最大限度地增加能量是一切。 |
| 60 | So the next time you look out of an airplane window, | 下次你从飞机窗外看时 |
| 61 | remember the humble liquid keeping you aloft. | 记得低贱的液体让你保持高度 |
| 62 | A fuel originally famous for lighting Victorian street lamps | 一种燃料原本因点燃维多利亚街灯而闻名 |
| 63 | is the exact same chemical marvel that makes modern global travel possible. | 同样的化学奇迹 使得现代全球旅行成为可能 |
| 64 | It remains stable in the thin air, keeps flowing through the deep cold, | 它在稀薄的空气中保持稳定, 流经深层的寒冷, |
| 65 | and packs exactly the punch needed to push hundreds of tons of metal | 并装满推动数百吨金属 所需的拳头 |
| 66 | safely across the sky. | 安全地穿过天空。 |
| 67 | If you enjoyed this flight through aviation history, | 如果你在航空史上享受这次飞行 |
| 68 | make sure to hit that like button, share this video with a curious friend, | 和好奇的朋友分享这段视频 |
| 69 | and subscribe to Simple Things, Surprising Histories, | 并信奉简单的事情,惊奇的故事, |
| 70 | for more incredible stories hiding in plain sight. | 更令人难以置信的故事 隐藏在眼前。 |
| 71 | Thanks for watching, and we'll see you next time. | 谢谢你的观看 下次见 |
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