恩尼格玛密码机的惊天秘密

发布于 2026-06-04 · 时长 11:51

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:02	This is such an inspiring story because it shows how	这是一个如此鼓舞人心的故事,因为它显示
0:07	mathematicians can save lives.	数学家可以拯救生命
0:11	We're talking about one of the most famous cipher machines	我们说的是最著名的密码机之一
0:14	of all time.	永远的
0:15	It's a code machine called the Enigma machine, used by	这是一台名为Enigma机器的密码机,被
0:18	Nazi Germany in World War II to send secret coded messages.	纳粹德国在二战中发出密码密文.
0:22	And we've got one over here.	我们这里有一个。
0:24	This is not a copy.	这不是副本。
0:25	This is not a replica.	这不是一个复制品。
0:27	This is an original Enigma machine actually	这是原创的Enigma机器

展开字幕全文（270 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	This is such an inspiring story because it shows how	这是一个如此鼓舞人心的故事,因为它显示
2	mathematicians can save lives.	数学家可以拯救生命
3	We're talking about one of the most famous cipher machines	我们说的是最著名的密码机之一
4	of all time.	永远的
5	It's a code machine called the Enigma machine, used by	这是一台名为Enigma机器的密码机,被
6	Nazi Germany in World War II to send secret coded messages.	纳粹德国在二战中发出密码密文.
7	And we've got one over here.	我们这里有一个。
8	This is not a copy.	这不是副本。
9	This is not a replica.	这不是一个复制品。
10	This is an original Enigma machine actually	这是原创的Enigma机器
11	used in World War II.	用于二战.
12	This was made in 1936.	这是1936年制造的.
13	It's an army Enigma machine.	陆军恩尼格玛机.
14	Let's see how it works.	让我们看看它是如何工作的。
15	So this belongs to a man called Simon Singh.	这个是西蒙·辛格的
16	He's an author.	他是一个作家。
17	He writes popular science books.	他写流行科学书籍.
18	And he lends it to the University of	他借给大学
19	Cambridge, where I work.	剑桥,我工作的地方。
20	This was found in a French field, I was told, by an	有人告诉我,这是在法国的一个领域发现的。
21	American cryptographer after the war.	战后美国密码学家.
22	And he took it home.	他把它带回家。
23	So I guess he took it home as a souvenir.	我猜他把它当作纪念品带回家。
24	Yoink, that's mine.	阳克,这是我的。
25	The guy who found it died about 12 years ago.	找到它的人大约12年前就死了
26	And when he died, that's when Simon	当他死的时候,西蒙
27	Singh bought the machine.	辛格买了机器。
28	发 message旨.
29	Now, we were talking about what to send before.	现在,我们在谈论什么发送之前。
30	So we send a number file.	所以我们发送一个数字文件。
31	Let's turn this into Enigma code.	让我们把这个变成Enigma代码.
32	So I'm going to type in N to begin with.	所以我要输入N开头。
33	And if you can see there, the letter Y lights up.	如果你能看到,字母Y点亮了。
34	So N becomes Y.	所以N变成Y.
35	Your code lights up.	你的密码亮了
36	Let's write that down.	让我们写下来。
37	Let's do the next letter, U. U becomes T. Let's do M. And	让我们做下一个字母,U. U成为T. 让我们做M.
38	I've got H this time.	我这次有H了
39	B和E为W.
40	Notice here, we had Y turn up twice.	注意这里,我们让Y出现了两次。
41	And they turned up for two different letters.	他们出现了两个不同的字母。
42	So N became Y.	所以N变成了Y.
43	Then later on, E became Y.	后来,E成为Y.
44	That's unusual.	这是不寻常的。
45	The other unusual thing, you may notice, is that the two E's	另外一件不寻常的事情,你可能注意到, 两个E's
46	in number file have turned into two different letters.	在数字文件中,已变成两个不同的字母。
47	So here, E became Y.	在这里,E变成了Y。
48	But the second E became W. Now, this	但第二个E变成W 现在,这个
49	is why the Germans thought they had an unbreakable code.	这就是为什么德国人认为他们有一个不可破解的密码。
50	Old-fashioned codes in the past, pen and paper codes that	过去老式的密码笔和纸的密码
51	they used to use, if you had the same letter, it would	他们曾经使用, 如果你有相同的字母,它会
52	become the same letter in the code.	在代码中成为同一个字母。
53	Enigma is different.	谜语不同.
54	Probably each time you did it, you would get a completely	也许每次你这样做, 你会得到一个完全
55	different code.	不同的代码。
56	Now, if we can break this code, and by we, I mean the	现在,如果我们能打破这个代码, 通过我们,我的意思是
57	Polish, the British, and the Americans, if we can break this	波兰人英国人美国人如果我们能打破这个
58	code in World War II, we'll be able to read those German	在二战中,我们能读到这些德语
59	secret messages, which is what we did.	秘密信息,这就是我们所做的。
60	So let me show you how this machine works.	让我告诉你这个机器是如何工作的。
61	Let me open up the machine.	让我打开机器。
62	So we have three things here at the top.	所以这里有三件事
63	These things are called rotors.	这些东西被称为旋转器.
64	And inside those rotors, try and imagine lots of wiring.	在那些旋转器内部, 试着想象出许多线条。
65	And it's all crisscrossed wiring as well.	和所有的十字架线。
66	Now, if I press a letter, have a look at what happens.	现在,如果我按一封信, 看看会发生什么。
67	The rotors move.	转者动.
68	When this rotor does a full turn, it will kick the next	当这个转轮转动时,它会踢下一个
69	rotor one place.	旋转器一个地方。
70	And then the right-hand rotor keeps going.	然后右旋轮不断.
71	Eventually, the middle rotor does a full turn, and it will	最终,中间旋转器会完全转动,它会
72	kick the left-hand rotor one place.	踢左手转盘一个地方。
73	So a fast rotor, a middle rotor, and a slow rotor.	故曰快转机,中转机,慢转机.
74	Imagine it like it's hands on a clock, like you've got a	想象它就像手在钟上, 就像你有
75	minute hand, and an hour hand, and a second hand.	一分钟手,一个小时手,第二只手
76	That's the idea.	就是这样
77	Brilliant machine, though, this is.	不过这机器很出色
78	All it is, really, is just a circuit.	它只是一条电路。
79	Here is a battery.	这是电池
80	You can see there's a modern battery in there.	里面有个现代化的电池
81	We've converted this.	我们改了这个
82	And this battery is connected to a bulb.	这个电池连接着一个灯泡。
83	And it lights up.	则灯光照亮.
84	It's the most simple thing you can make.	这是你能做的最简单的事情。
85	A battery and a bulb, the bulb lights up.	一个电池和一个灯泡,灯泡灯亮了。
86	And that's all it is.	且道是甚么处.
87	The clever bit is the wires of the	聪明的是电线
88	circuit are inside the rotors.	电路在转子内部
89	So when the wires turn, the battery will connect to a	所以当电线转动时,电池会连接到一个
90	different bulb.	不同的灯泡。
91	Let's try and see that happen.	让我们试试看会发生什么。
92	So I'm going to turn the wires, and the battery connects	我要把电线转动电池连接
93	to this bulb.	这个灯泡。
94	Do it again.	再来一次
95	I'm going to turn the wires, and the battery connects to	我要转动电线,电池连接
96	this bulb.	这个灯泡。
97	Changes.	变化.
98	Do it again.	再来一次
99	Turn the wires, and the battery connects to this bulb.	转动电线,电池连接这个灯泡.
100	And that's why it changes each time, because it has moving	这就是为什么它每次改变,因为它有移动
101	parts inside.	内部部分。
102	But otherwise, it's just a simple circuit.	但否则,它只是一个简单的电路.
103	I think we need to know how to decode.	我认为我们需要知道如何解码。
104	This would be no good if we can't decode our message.	如果我们不能解密我们的信息,那就不好了。
105	So let's do that.	因此,让我们做到这一点。
106	Right.	对
107	First of all, we're going to take our code here.	首先,我们要把我们的代码。
108	We need to know what the setting was.	我们需要知道是什么环境。
109	Now, if you notice in the little windows, we have three	现在,如果你注意到在小窗口,我们有三个
110	numbers, like a combination lock, like a bike lock.	数字,像组合锁,像自行车锁。
111	Now, I took a note of what those three numbers were.	现在,我注意到这三个数字是什么。
112	Those three numbers, when we started writing number file,	这三个数字当我们开始写数字文件时
113	were 13, 9, and 21.	分别为13、9和21。
114	So the idea is you would type in your message, and you would	所以,想法是你会输入在你的留言,你会
115	get a code.	拿个密码
116	The machine itself doesn't transmit, so you would have to	机器本身没有传输,所以你不得不
117	write that code on a piece of paper.	把密码写在纸上
118	So that piece of paper would be given to the radio operator,	那张纸会交给无线电操作员
119	who would then transmit the message by radio, by Morse code.	然后用无线电和摩斯密码传送信息
120	That would travel miles away.	那会远走高飞
121	So now imagine a second German officer, maybe on a	所以现在想象一下第二个德国军官,也许在
122	ship somewhere in the ocean.	船在海里的某个地方
123	Now, he's tuning in to that radio signal.	现在,他正在调频到无线电信号。
124	He can hear the code.	他能听到密码
125	It's coming in, and he writes it down.	传来,他写下来了
126	Now, this second officer will have a Enigma machine as well.	现在,这第二个军官将有一个Enigma机器了。
127	And his Enigma machine is exactly the	而他的Enigma机器正是
128	same as the first one.	和第一个一样
129	So there's something I have to do.	所以有件事我必须做。
130	I now need to set these rotors to the correct position.	我现在需要把这些转子摆到正确位置。
131	So we've got this code over here, y-t-h-m-y, and whatever.	我们这里有这个密码,y -t -h
132	Let's type that into the machine this time and see what	这次我们打入机器看看
133	happens.	发生。
134	OK.	摆
135	So we start with y.	我们从Y开始
136	y成为n.
137	t becomes u.	变成你。
138	h成为m.
139	m in the code is a b.	m在代码中是一个b.
140	y,i,和w,最终,e.
141	So each rotor has 26 starting places.	所以每个转子有26个起始位置.
142	In fact, these rotors come out and swap over.	事实上,这些转子出来换掉.
143	In fact, again, they had five rotors to pick from.	事实上,他们还有五个转子要选
144	They had a box of five rotors.	他们有一盒五个转子
145	You'd pick three from a box of five.	你从5个盒子里选3个
146	And already, we've got thousands of settings, and	我们已经有上千个设置
147	each one will produce a different code.	每个都会产生不同的代码。
148	So we're going to work out those combinations.	所以我们要研究这些组合。
149	So the first thing I said was, we pick three rotors from a	所以我说第一件事就是我们从一个
150	box of five.	框为五。
151	In the first slot, you would have five rotors to pick from.	在第一个档位,你会有五个转子从。
152	Once you've picked that, in the second place, you would	一旦你选择了,第二,你会
153	have four rotors to pick from.	有四个转子从。
154	And in the final place, the third place, you would have	最后,第三位,你会
155	three rotors left.	剩下三个转子
156	And you multiply those numbers together.	你把这些数字加在一起
157	So it's five times four times three.	故五乘四谛三谛.
158	So there are 60 ways that you can put in three rotors from a	所以,有60种方法你可以把三个旋转器从一个
159	choice of five.	选择五个。
160	We have 26 starting positions for each rotor.	每个转子有26个起始位置
161	So we have 26 choices for the first one, 26 choices for the	因此,我们有26个选择第一个,26个选择
162	second one, and 26 choices for the third one.	第二场,第三场26场
163	And if you do that, you get 26 cubed, which is 17,576.	如果你这样做,你得到26立方体,即17,576。
164	It gets worse, because the military, the Army, Air Force,	因为军队军队空军
165	Navy, had something extra.	海军,有额外的东西。
166	For commercial machines, if you were a bank or a business,	对于商业机器,如果你是银行或企业,
167	you could buy an Enigma machine to use yourself to send	你可以买一台Enigma机器来使用自己发送
168	your own secrets.	自己的秘密,你必须知道
169	But the military had an extra bit.	但军方还有一点
170	They had this thing at the front of the machine.	他们把这东西放在机器前面
171	Now, this is called a plug board.	这叫做插头板
172	And what it is, it's like an old fashioned telephone	它是什么, 它就像一个老式的电话
173	switchboard, like an old patch board.	切换板,像一个旧的补丁板。
174	We have 10 of these wires.	我们有10个这样的线。
175	And each of these wires connect two letters into a pair.	而每条这些线将两个字母连接成一对.
176	So in this case, you might see the letter Q is going to	因此,在这种情况下,你可能会看到字母Q是要去
177	connect with the letter E.	与字母E连接。
178	Now, you make 10 of those pairs.	现在,你做了10对。
179	Two letters in a pair will swap over.	一对两个字母可以互换
180	So if Q is connected to E, then Q and E would swap over.	所以,如果Q与E相连,那么Q和E会互换.
181	That's an extra level of scrambling only available to	这是额外的水平摇摆只提供给
182	the military.	军队
183	Now, this had the most number of combinations.	现在,这个组合最多。
184	Now, this calculation is going to be the hardest	现在,这个计算是最难的
185	calculation, but we can do it.	计算,但我们可以做到这一点。
186	So there are 26 letters in the alphabet.	因此字母表中共有26个字母.
187	How many ways to arrange 26 letters?	多少方法安排26封信?
188	Well, it's 26 times 25 times 24, all the way down to 1.	嗯,这是26乘25乘24, 一直到1。
189	That's 26 factorial.	这是26个因素。
190	But we don't want every combination of 26 letters.	但我们不想要26个字母的组合
191	We only want to make 10 pairs.	我们只想做10对。
192	That means there are six letters left over, which we	也就是说我们还有六个字母
193	don't care about.	无所谓
194	Because we don't care about them, that means we're allowed	因为我们不关心他们, 这意味着我们被允许
195	to divide, and we're going to divide by 6 factorial.	以除之,则以六因数除之.
196	Now, there are 10 pairs.	现在,有10对。
197	We don't care what order those 10 pairs are in.	我们不在乎这10对有什么顺序
198	Because we don't care about it, we can divide by 10	因为我们不在乎,我们可以除以十
199	factorial.	要素。
200	And the last thing to divide by, two letters in a pair,	和最后的东西分开,两个字母一对,
201	well, if I swapped them over, that would still be the same	如果我换掉,那还是一样
202	pair, if I had A and B.	双胞胎,如果我有A和B。
203	That's the same as B and A.	即与乙与甲同义.
204	That's	这是
205	still the same pair.	还是一对
206	So I can divide by 2.	这样我就可以除以2。
207	And I do that for each pair.	我每双都这样
208	There's 10 pairs.	有十对.
209	So I'm going to divide by 2 10 times, which is 2 to the	所以,我要除210倍,这是2对
210	power 10.	动力10。
211	And that is how many ways that you can connect 20 letters	这是多少方法你可以连接20个字母
212	into 10 pairs on the front of the machine.	在机器前方的10对。
213	How big is that number?	这个号码有多大?
214	Shall we do that?	我们能这样做吗?
215	150 trillion, 738 billion, 274 million, 937,250.	150万亿元,7380亿元,2.74亿元,937250亿元.
216	So the total, 158 quintillion, 962 quadrillion,	总共是158个五角星,962个四角星
217	555 trillion, 217 billion, 826 million, 360,000 flat.	555万亿,2.17亿,8.26亿,平房36万.
218	That is the total number of ways that you can set the	这是您可以设置的
219	Enigma machine.	恩尼格玛机.
220	This would be an army Enigma machine round about 1939.	这将会是1939年左右的陆军恩尼格玛机.
221	You were telling me that the Germans would send each other	你告诉我德国人会互相派遣
222	messages, like number file, or send messages.	信件,如数字文件,或发送信件。
223	Yeah, they did that all the time.	是啊,他们一直这样做。
224	Or send the U-boat to this position or whatever.	或者把U型潜艇送到这个位置
225	But how were they telling each other their plug settings and	他们怎么告诉对方他们的插头设置和
226	their starting rotor numbers?	他们的启动转子号码?
227	So this is very important.	所以这很重要。
228	So these two people who are miles apart need to have the	所以这两个相隔几英里的人需要拥有
229	same setting.	同样的环境。
230	Now, the setting was written down for you	现在,设定是写给你的
231	on a piece of paper.	在一张纸上。
232	What they would have is a sheet of paper like that.	他们会有一张这样的纸。
233	And it would be a big sheet of paper for	这将会是一张大纸
234	each day of the month.	每个月的每一天。
235	So it was a monthly sheet.	所以这是一份月表。
236	For each day of the month, it told you how to	这个月的每一天它都告诉你如何
237	set the machine for that day.	设定机器的那一天。
238	If you didn't have this sheet of paper, you wouldn't know	如果你没有这张纸你就不会知道
239	what the setting was that you had to use for that day.	那天的场景是什么?
240	A nice little story, the Navy would write these code books	一个不错的故事,海军会写这些密码书
241	in soluble ink.	在溶性墨水中。
242	So if you get sunk, if you get caught, if you throw the code	所以,如果你被击沉, 如果你被抓住, 如果你扔代码
243	book into water, that's how you keep the secret.	书写进水里,这就是你如何保守秘密。
244	It sounds to me that all you need is an Enigma machine and	听起来你只需要一台Enigma机器
245	a copy of that book.	一本书。
246	And you know everything they're saying.	你知道他们说什么。
247	You would do.	你会的。
248	So if you had the machine and you had that code sheet, you	所以,如果你有机器和你有代码表,你
249	would be able to decode all the messages.	可以解码所有信件。
250	Fantastic.	厉害
251	Great.	不错
252	But we had the machine.	但我们有机器。
253	And once we've had the machine, we can pull it apart	一旦我们拥有了机器我们可以把它拆开
254	and find out how it works.	并找出如何运作。
255	Great.	不错
256	But it was getting those code sheets.	但它得到了那些代码表。
257	That was difficult.	这是困难的。
258	They were monthly.	他们每月一次。
259	They would change every month.	他们每个月都会变
260	If you did capture them, which we did occasionally, you could	如果你抓住他们,我们偶尔这样做,你可以
261	use it until it runs out.	用到用完为止
262	But without a code sheet, you would have to break the code.	但是没有密码表,你就得破解密码.
263	And you would have to do that with mathematics.	你要用数学来做
264	What was the key?	钥匙是什么?
265	What was wrong with Enigma?	恩尼格玛怎么了?
266	What was its weakness?	它的弱点是什么?
267	Let's have a look at what the flaw is in the Enigma machine.	让我们来看看恩尼格玛机器的缺陷是什么
268	So the Germans thought it was unbreakable.	故德人以为不可破.
269	But there is a flaw.	但有一个缺陷。
270	If I press a letter K, if I press a letter K, K, K, K, K,	如果我按一个字母K, 如果我按一个字母K,K,K,K,K,K,

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