被狂犬病动物咬伤为什么如此危险
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | One morning in France in 1885, a dog attacked 9-year-old Joseph Meister, | 1885年在法国的一天早上,一只狗袭击了9岁的约瑟夫·梅斯特, |
| 0:07 | biting him in 14 places. | 咬他14个地方。 |
| 0:09 | He survived, but his mother realized he was probably now infected with rabies, | 他活下来了 但他母亲意识到 他现在可能感染了狂犬病 |
| 0:14 | an almost certain death sentence. | 几乎是死刑 |
| 0:17 | She rushed him to Paris, knowing his life depended on a rumored experimental medicine. | 她把他赶到巴黎,知道他的生活依赖于传闻的实验医学. |
| 0:24 | Today, without proper intervention, rabies remains deadly in almost all cases, | 今天,如果没有适当的干预,狂犬病几乎在所有情况下仍然是致命的, |
| 0:29 | making it the most lethal infectious disease. | 使其成为最致命的传染病. |
| 0:33 | However, modern advances have afforded us a much deeper understanding of the mechanisms | 然而,现代进展使我们更深入地了解这些机制。 |
| 0:38 | that make rabies so dangerous and treatment-resistant, | 使狂犬病变得如此危险和耐治疗, |
| 0:42 | and have revealed the best methods to save lives. | 并揭示了拯救生命的最佳方法。 |
展开字幕全文（83 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | One morning in France in 1885, a dog attacked 9-year-old Joseph Meister, | 1885年在法国的一天早上,一只狗袭击了9岁的约瑟夫·梅斯特, |
| 2 | biting him in 14 places. | 咬他14个地方。 |
| 3 | He survived, but his mother realized he was probably now infected with rabies, | 他活下来了 但他母亲意识到 他现在可能感染了狂犬病 |
| 4 | an almost certain death sentence. | 几乎是死刑 |
| 5 | She rushed him to Paris, knowing his life depended on a rumored experimental medicine. | 她把他赶到巴黎,知道他的生活依赖于传闻的实验医学. |
| 6 | Today, without proper intervention, rabies remains deadly in almost all cases, | 今天,如果没有适当的干预,狂犬病几乎在所有情况下仍然是致命的, |
| 7 | making it the most lethal infectious disease. | 使其成为最致命的传染病. |
| 8 | However, modern advances have afforded us a much deeper understanding of the mechanisms | 然而,现代进展使我们更深入地了解这些机制。 |
| 9 | that make rabies so dangerous and treatment-resistant, | 使狂犬病变得如此危险和耐治疗, |
| 10 | and have revealed the best methods to save lives. | 并揭示了拯救生命的最佳方法。 |
| 11 | Rabies is caused by the roughly 20 virus species in the Lysovirus genus, | 拉比是莱索病毒基因中大约20种病毒引起的, |
| 12 | all of which attack the mammalian nervous system. | 这些都攻击了哺乳动物的神经系统. |
| 13 | Lysovirus rabies, the most abundant, can infect any mammal. | 利索病毒狂犬病,最丰富的,可以感染任何哺乳动物. |
| 14 | Lysoviruses mainly persist long-term in bat populations. | 利索病毒主要在蝙蝠种群中长期存在. |
| 15 | Besides bats, rabies virus has also adapted to carnivores like foxes, raccoons and skunks, | 除了蝙蝠,狂犬病病毒也适应了野狐,浣熊和臭鼬等食肉动物, |
| 16 | and most human rabies infections come from dogs. | 人类的狂犬病感染大多来自狗 |
| 17 | Infection begins with the transfer of virus-laden saliva into the new host's tissue. | 感染始于病毒带的唾液传入新宿主的组织. |
| 18 | This could happen with a deep bite wound, or a simple lick to certain spots. | 如果咬伤很深 或舔到某些斑点就有可能发生 |
| 19 | Once inside its new host, the virus particles, called virions, set out for the brain. | 一旦进入它的新的宿主, 病毒粒子,叫做病毒, 开始进入大脑。 |
| 20 | If the infection site is closer to the head, things may escalate faster. | 如果感染地点靠近头部,事情可能会更快升级. |
| 21 | Rabies virions may lay low for days, weeks, months or, in rare cases, years, | 狂犬病病毒可能持续数日,数周,数月,或者在罕见的情况下,数年, |
| 22 | replicating without causing any immediate symptoms. | 复制时没有立即出现症状 |
| 23 | Virions also suppress certain immune responses, making it harder to clear an infection locally. | 病毒还抑制某些免疫反应,使得当地更难清除感染. |
| 24 | Meanwhile, the virions begin to travel, entering local nerve cells | 同时,病毒开始流动,进入局部神经细胞 |
| 25 | and exploiting the existing transport mechanisms along their axons, | 并利用现有的运输机制, |
| 26 | traveling up to 100 millimeters a day. | 每日行程可达100毫米. |
| 27 | Their protective position here in the nerve cells helps shield the virions from the host's immune system. | 它们在神经细胞中的保护位置 有助于保护病毒免受宿主免疫系统的影响 |
| 28 | Once they've made it to the central nervous system, | 一旦他们到达中枢神经系统 |
| 29 | the infection enters a new, devastating stage. | 感染进入了毁灭性的新阶段。 |
| 30 | Clinical symptoms develop as rabies virions rapidly proliferate, | 临床症状随着狂犬病病毒的迅速扩散而发展, |
| 31 | spreading into the peripheral nervous system and its connected tissues. | 扩散到外围神经系统 及其连接的组织 |
| 32 | First, the escalating infection registers with flu-like symptoms, | 首先,不断升级的感染记录 类似流感的症状, |
| 33 | where a different neurological infection might cause inflammation | 在不同的神经感染可能导致炎症的情况下 |
| 34 | that opens the blood-brain barrier and incites an immune response. | 打开血脑屏障 煽动免疫反应 |
| 35 | Rabies viruses do not, so immune cells and therapies cannot easily or quickly reach them there. | 狂犬病病毒不会,所以免疫细胞和疗法不能轻易或迅速地到达那里。 |
| 36 | Then, as the disease damages the nervous system, things take one of two terms. | 然后,随着疾病破坏神经系统,事情需要两个术语中的一个. |
| 37 | In paralytic rabies, symptoms like a vacant expression, weakness and paralysis set in. | 在麻痹性狂犬病中,像空洞的表达,虚弱和麻痹等症状会形成. |
| 38 | Furious rabies, meanwhile, is associated with hyperactivity, uncontrolled movements, | 与此同时,狂犬病与过度活动、无节制的行动有关, |
| 39 | hallucinations, aggression and paralysis. | 幻觉、侵略和瘫痪 |
| 40 | As virions accumulate in the salivary glands, the host secretes excess saliva. | 随着病毒在唾液腺中积累,宿主会分泌过多的唾液. |
| 41 | The infection also often causes hydrophobia in people, | 感染还常常造成人们的恐惧症, |
| 42 | where throat spasms make swallowing water painful and difficult, | 那里咽喉痉挛,使咽水难忍, |
| 43 | further concentrating the virus in the saliva and increasing the odds of transmission. | 进一步将病毒集中在唾液中,增加传播的几率。 |
| 44 | Some hosts are especially effective at transmitting the virus. | 有些宿主在传播病毒方面特别有效. |
| 45 | Humans, however, aren't, and rarely transmit rabies themselves, | 然而,人类不是, 而且很少传播狂犬病本身, |
| 46 | for example, in cases of tissue or organ transplantation. | 例如,在组织或器官移植的情况下。 |
| 47 | Regardless of where the transmission occurs, | 无论传送到哪里 |
| 48 | this period of acute illness is almost always followed by coma and death. | 这一时期的急性病几乎总是伴随着昏迷和死亡。 |
| 49 | Once symptoms have begun, there is currently no cure for rabies. | 一旦症状开始,目前无法治愈狂犬病. |
| 50 | However, we do have highly effective preventative methods if they're delivered early enough, | 然而,我们确实有非常有效的预防方法,如果它们被提前交付, |
| 51 | and Joseph Meister was the first to benefit. | 优素福·迈斯特是最先受益的。 |
| 52 | For years, French scientist Louis Pasteur and colleagues | 多年来,法国科学家路易斯·巴斯德和同事 |
| 53 | had been trying to develop a rabies vaccine. | 一直试图研制狂犬病疫苗。 |
| 54 | They collected the spinal cords of rabies virus-infected rabbits, | 他们收集了狂犬病病毒感染兔子的脊髓, |
| 55 | dried them to weaken the virus, | 干干它们来削弱病毒 |
| 56 | and injected the resulting mixtures into dogs and other animals. | 并将产生的混合物注入狗和其他动物体内。 |
| 57 | Meister's mother got him to Pasteur two days after the attack. | Meister的母亲在袭击两天后把他送到了巴斯德. |
| 58 | He received a course of inoculations, and though the procedure was risky, | 他接受过注射 尽管手术很冒险 |
| 59 | he beat the odds, becoming the first rabies-vaccinated person to survive. | 他战胜了几率 成为第一个被狂犬病接种的人 |
| 60 | Today, two series of vaccinations are available, | 今天,有两批疫苗接种, |
| 61 | pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis. | 接触前和接触后预防。 |
| 62 | Each is highly effective at preventing rabies virus infections | 每个人在预防狂犬病病毒感染方面都非常有效 |
| 63 | from reaching the central nervous system before symptoms develop | 在症状出现前到达中枢神经系统 |
| 64 | and the virus has done irreparable harm. | 病毒造成了无法弥补的伤害 |
| 65 | The very few people known to have survived rabies after the onset of symptoms | 在症状发作后 很少有人幸存下来 |
| 66 | have done so due to intensive care, | 由于特别护理, |
| 67 | usually sustaining neurological damage in the process. | 通常在过程中维持神经损伤. |
| 68 | Around 59,000 people are still estimated to die of rabies annually, | 估计每年仍有59 000人死于狂犬病, |
| 69 | though the number is sadly suspected to be higher | 虽然不幸地怀疑数字更高 |
| 70 | due to insufficient medical access in rabies-burdened areas. | 因为在狂犬病重地区,医疗渠道不足。 |
| 71 | Scientists are still looking into new therapies, | 科学家仍在研究新的疗法, |
| 72 | but the way rabies virions elude the immune system and damage cells | 但狂犬病病毒 远离免疫系统 破坏细胞 |
| 73 | makes the infection extremely difficult to treat. | 使得感染极难治疗. |
| 74 | And because the lysovirus has so many natural hosts, | 因为淋巴病毒有这么多的自然宿主, |
| 75 | it's impossible to eradicate the disease. | 无法根除这种疾病。 |
| 76 | This makes preventative measures especially essential. | 这使得预防措施特别重要。 |
| 77 | Even unconfirmed, potential exposures, | 甚至未经证实,潜在的暴露, |
| 78 | like the mere presence of a bat in one's house while they've been sleeping, | 就像在他们睡觉的时候 有一只蝙蝠出现在自己家里一样 |
| 79 | warrant serious medical investigation. | 需要严肃的医疗调查 |
| 80 | Do you ever feel like you don't know enough about your own body? | 你是否觉得自己对自己的身体了解不够? |
| 81 | Subscribe to this channel to learn about everything from baldness, | 订阅这个频道 从秃头那里学到一切 |
| 82 | to muscle growth, to why we have hair in such random places. | 肌肉生长, 为什么我们有头发 在如此随机的地方。 |
| 83 | Stay tuned and stay curious. | 保持调制,保持好奇。 |
该视频共有字幕 83 条。解锁更多字幕为会员功能，请移动到 价格