如何识别有毒的人｜UBC心理学教授

共 2 集

剧集目录

集	标题	时长
P1	如何识别有毒的人｜UBC心理学教授上	45:17
P2	如何识别有毒的人｜UBC心理学教授下	59:55

P1 · 如何识别有毒的人｜UBC心理学教授 p01 上 (P1)

如何识别有毒的人｜UBC心理学教授 p01 上 (P1)

发布于 2026-11-01 · 时长 45:17

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:00	How long does it take someone to spot a psychopath?	要多久才能发现一个精神病人?
0:02	About five seconds.	大约5秒钟。
0:04	So most people think a psychopath looks dangerous.	所以大多数人认为一个精神病人看起来很危险。
0:06	They picture the villain in a movie, but that's not how it works in real life.	他们在电影中描绘了反派,但现实生活中却不是这样.
0:10	We've done some research in my lab and we found	我们在我的实验室做了一些研究我们发现
0:12	there are certainly some things that you can look for.	肯定有一些事情你可以寻找。
0:14	Have they ever done that with lying to figure out if people can spot lies?	他们有没有说谎找出人们能否发现谎言?
0:18	Thousands of times.	数以千计.
0:19	You ask people what's the number one cue that someone is lying to you?	你问别人谁在骗你?
0:23	They will say they can't look you in the eye,	他们会说他们不能看你的眼睛,

展开字幕全文（805 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	How long does it take someone to spot a psychopath?	要多久才能发现一个精神病人?
2	About five seconds.	大约5秒钟。
3	So most people think a psychopath looks dangerous.	所以大多数人认为一个精神病人看起来很危险。
4	They picture the villain in a movie, but that's not how it works in real life.	他们在电影中描绘了反派,但现实生活中却不是这样.
5	We've done some research in my lab and we found	我们在我的实验室做了一些研究我们发现
6	there are certainly some things that you can look for.	肯定有一些事情你可以寻找。
7	Have they ever done that with lying to figure out if people can spot lies?	他们有没有说谎找出人们能否发现谎言?
8	Thousands of times.	数以千计.
9	You ask people what's the number one cue that someone is lying to you?	你问别人谁在骗你?
10	They will say they can't look you in the eye,	他们会说他们不能看你的眼睛,
11	but there's no research to suggest that that is true.	但是没有研究可以证明这是真的
12	However, there's an essential tool for detecting lies, which is...	然而,有一个关键的工具检测谎言,这是...
13	Oh, fuck.	哦,他妈的。
14	I know as I study dark personality traits,	我知道,当我研究黑暗的个性特征,
15	and I found that there's four different elements,	我发现有四个不同的元素,
16	which are psychopathy, Machiavellianism, narcissism, and sadism.	精神错乱、自恋和虐待
17	And what we found is that people with higher levels of these traits	而我们发现的是, 具有更高水平的这些特征的人
18	engaged in Duchenne smiles, which is the activation around the eyes.	参与Duchenne的微笑, 这就是激活周围的眼睛。
19	And they also used a lot of hand gestures.	他们也使用了很多手势.
20	Where does this come from?	这是从哪里来的?
21	Well, research suggests that abuse, cold, uncaring, parenting style,	研究表明虐待冷漠冷漠养育子女
22	but also overvaluation of a child early in life	儿童早期的估价
23	may lead to more narcissistic views later.	以后可能会产生更多的自恋情绪。
24	Is there any other fascinating questions you've pursued in your lab?	你实验室里还有别的问题吗?
25	Yes.	对
26	We studied the extent to which psychopathic personality traits	我们研究了精神病人的个性特征
27	could increase the amount of influence you have in government.	可能会增加你对政府的影响
28	And also there are three common mistakes people make	还有三个常见的错误
29	when dealing with dark personalities.	当处理黑暗人格。
30	We'll get into this more later.	我们以后再谈这个
31	And I'm wondering if you can spot any of these dark personality traits	我想知道你能不能发现这些黑暗的个性特征
32	just by looking at dating profiles.	只是通过看约会简介。
33	All right.	好吧,我们走。
34	So this is Ryan.	这是瑞安。
35	This feels like a red flag.	这感觉就像一面红旗
36	And then there's Haley.	则有海利.
37	That would be associated with psychopathy.	这和精神病有关
38	OK.	摆
39	David is a brain surgeon.	大卫是个脑外科医生
40	Very impressive.	非常令人印象深刻。
41	But I'm seeing narcissism.	但我看到自恋。
42	So I guess this begs the question,	所以我想这有点问题
43	that if someone has those traits you've described, can they be cured?	如果有人有你描述的特质他们能被治愈吗?
44	So in my lab, what we found is that...	所以在我的实验室里我们发现的是...
45	This is super interesting to me.	这对我来说太有趣了
46	My team gave me this report to show me how many of you that watch the show subscribe.	我的团队给了我这个报告让我知道你们有多少人看节目
47	And some of you have told us, according to this,	你们中有些人告诉我们,
48	that you are unsubscribed from the channel randomly.	表示您未从频道随机订阅。
49	So, favour to ask all of you.	所以,请问大家。
50	Please could you check right now if you've hit the subscribe button,	如果按下订阅按钮,请立刻检查一下
51	if you are a regular viewer of the show and you like what we do here.	如果你是节目的普通观众你喜欢我们在这里做的事
52	We're approaching quite a significant landmark on this show	我们正接近这个节目的重要地标
53	in terms of a subscriber number.	以用户号码表示。
54	So if there was one simple free thing that you could do to help us,	所以,如果有一个简单的自由的事情你可以帮助我们,
55	my team, everyone here, to keep this show free,	我的团队,大家在这里, 保持这个节目的自由,
56	to keep it improving year over year and week over week,	年复一年,周复一周,
57	it is just to hit that subscribe button and to double check if you've hit it.	只需按下订阅按钮并加倍检查是否按过了
58	Only thing I'll ever ask of you, do we have a deal?	我唯一要问你的,我们有协议吗?
59	If you do it, I'll tell you what I'll do.	汝若作是语已.
60	I'll make sure every single week, every single month,	我会确保每个星期每个月
61	we fight harder and harder and harder and harder	我们更努力更努力更努力
62	to bring you the guests and conversations that you want to hear.	来给你带来宾客和你想听到的谈话
63	I've stayed true to that promise since the very beginning of the Diary of a CEO	自从《首席执行官日记》开始我就一直信守诺言
64	and I will not let you down.	我不会让你失望的
65	Please help us, really appreciate it.	请帮助我们,真的很感激。
66	Let's get on with the show.	开展.
67	Professor Leanne Tenbrink,	莱安·坦布林克教授
68	at the very heart of your motivations, why is it you do what you do?	在你的动机的核心, 为什么你做你做什么?
69	I want to make people less cynical about human nature,	我想让人们少玩世不恭
70	which I think might seem kind of paradoxical given what I study	我觉得从我所研究的来看可能有些矛盾
71	because I study deception and dominance and so-called dark personality traits.	因为我研究欺骗和统治以及所谓的黑暗人格特征
72	But I think when you understand those topics	但我想当你明白这些话题
73	and also that there's something you can do about it	还有,你可以做点什么
74	to make these interactions better, it's incredibly powerful	为了让这些互动更好它的力量非常强大
75	and can give us a more accurate view of the world.	并且能够让我们更准确地了解世界。
76	And why are the population at large so interested in these subjects?	为什么广大民众对这些学科如此感兴趣?
77	Because they are, they're fascinated by them.	因为他们是, 他们迷上了他们。
78	But what is underneath all of this sort of fascination and the curiosity,	但是在这种迷恋和好奇心之下
79	what are they trying to figure out when people are interested in psychopathy?	他们想找出什么当人们感兴趣的精神病?
80	I think one of the reasons why we are so interested in psychopathy	我认为一个原因,为什么我们对精神病如此感兴趣
81	is because it's quite foreign to us.	因为它对我们来说很陌生
82	So most of us move through life caring about other people,	因此我们大多数人过着关心别人的生活
83	having compassion for other people, telling a few lies here and there,	同情别人, 说一些谎言在这里和那里,
84	but by and large being very truthful and honest and kind of playing by the rules.	但总的来说,非常诚实,诚实和那种玩弄规则。
85	That's the opposite of psychopathy.	这与精神病相反
86	And so I think when you are faced with this personality	所以我想当你面对这个性格
87	that is quite the opposite of your whole experience of being alive,	这与你活着的经历恰恰相反
88	you're like, what's going on?	你像,发生了什么事?
89	And I want to understand that.	我想了解这一点。
90	I think there's also an element,	我想还有一点
91	there actually is some research on true crime specifically	实际上,有一些研究真正的犯罪具体
92	and why people are interested in true crime,	以及人们为什么对真正的犯罪感兴趣,
93	tends to be a largely female audience.	通常主要是女性观众.
94	And some of the motivations that people report	以及人们报告的一些动机
95	is wanting to understand and wanting to avoid becoming a victim of these people.	想要理解和避免成为这些人的受害者。
96	Is it possible to spot someone who is a psychopath?	有没有可能发现一个精神病患者?
97	Yes.	对
98	How long, according to the research, does it take someone to spot a psychopath?	根据研究,要多久才能发现精神病人?
99	Okay, you can get a kernel of truth about someone's personality,	好吧,你可以得到一个内核关于某人的个性,
100	the extent to which they're psychopathic, in about five seconds.	大约五秒钟后他们就会变得精神错乱
101	Explain the research to me.	跟我解释研究
102	Okay, so this is research by Scott Lillenfeld and his colleagues.	这是斯科特·利伦费尔德和他的同事的研究
103	And basically what they did is they showed people five-second,	基本上他们所做的就是向人们展示5秒
104	10-second and 20-second clips of these interviews	这些访谈的10秒和20秒短片
105	where criminal offenders were being interviewed by a psychologist	由心理学家采访刑事犯罪者
106	and rated on their psychopathic personality traits.	并被评为精神病人格特征
107	And then you had random psychology student volunteer for research	然后你有随机的心理学学生志愿从事研究
108	watching five seconds of that interaction and making a rating of like,	看着五秒钟的互动并做出一个评级一样,
109	how callous do they seem?	他们看起来有多冷酷?
110	How manipulative do they seem?	他们看起来多管闲事?
111	And they found that there is actually a pretty reasonable correlation	他们发现实际上有相当合理的关联
112	between the ratings of these like, naive folks who watch five seconds	在收视率之间,像, 天真的人谁看5秒
113	and the trained clinical psychologist who did hours long	以及经过训练的临床心理学家,他做了几个小时的治疗
114	interviews and gathered collateral information.	访谈和收集附带信息。
115	And so we partnered with Scott and we got these videos	于是我们和斯科特搭档,我们得到了这些视频
116	and we coded the like, verbal and nonverbal behavior.	我们编码了类似, 口头和非口头行为。
117	Like, are these people behaving differently?	这些人的行为不同吗?
118	And what are people paying attention to?	人们注意什么?
119	And what we found is that people with higher levels of these traits	而我们发现的是, 具有更高水平的这些特征的人
120	engaged in these, what we call Duchenne smiles.	参与这些,我们称之为 Duchenne 微笑。
121	They're a genuine looking smile, but they, yeah, that's the one.	他们是真正的笑容, 但他们,是的,这就是。
122	Okay, so what distinguishes these two kinds of smiles	那么,是什么区别这两种微笑
123	is the activation around the eyes.	是周围的激活。
124	And it's the creation of like, crow's feet.	这是乌鸦脚的创造
125	So you kind of get, you know, lines in the corner.	所以你有点,你知道, 线在角落。
126	So a genuine person will have crow's feet when they smile, theoretically.	因此,真正的人会有乌鸦的脚当他们微笑,理论上。
127	Theoretically.	论曰.
128	Again, there can be botox and all kinds of things getting in the way of this.	再说一遍,可能会有肉毒杆菌和各种东西阻碍我们
129	But yeah, okay, so it's in the eyes.	但是,是的,好的,所以它在眼睛里。
130	Yes, it's totally in the eyes.	是的,这是完全在眼睛。
131	Whereas a non-Duchenne smile, you know, you have the same kind of upturned lips	虽然一个非杜尚尼人的微笑,你知道, 你有着同样的上升的嘴唇
132	and maybe you're showing your teeth, you got a big grin,	也许你在展示你的牙齿, 你有一个大的笑容,
133	but no activation around the eyes.	但眼睛周围没有激活
134	So you don't get those crow's feet.	所以你不会得到那些乌鸦的脚。
135	People who are high in these psychopathic personality traits,	身高的人这些精神病人的个性特征,
136	they were showing these kinds of like, you know, very happy looking smiles	他们正在展示这种像,你知道, 非常快乐的笑容
137	as they were saying really hostile things.	因为他们在说非常敌对的话
138	So they were using like, happy expressions, hostile language at the same time.	所以他们同时使用像,快乐的表达,敌对的语言.
139	So you get this kind of like weird emotional presentation.	所以,你得到这种奇怪的情感展示。
140	They also use a lot of hand gestures.	他们也使用了很多手势.
141	We call them illustrators.	我们称他们为插画家。
142	Those seem to be things that just, you know, random observers paid attention to	这些似乎只是,你知道, 随机观察者关注
143	and used to help guide their judgments, which of course is like such little information to go on.	并用来指导他们的判断, 这当然像这么少的信息继续。
144	But it does suggest that, you know, you can get a sense of someone relatively quickly.	但是它确实表明,你知道,你可以得到一个相对快的人的感觉。
145	But again, personality is something that exists across time and context.	但同样,人格是存在于时间和背景之间的东西.
146	So you're going to get better data, the more data that you have	所以,你会得到更好的数据, 你拥有的数据越多
147	across those different times and places.	在那些不同的时间和地点
148	I've got two more facial expressions here.	我这里还有两个面部表情
149	So this is sadness.	这就是悲伤。
150	So some of the research that I've done has actually looked at people who've gone on TV	所以,我所做的一些研究已经实际上看人们谁已经上电视
151	and asked for help trying to find their missing loved one.	并请求帮助寻找他们失踪的亲人。
152	And in some proportion of those cases, they were actually guilty of killing that person.	在其中的一部分案件中,他们实际上犯有杀害此人的罪行。
153	So they are like falsely pleading for help for someone they know is never coming back.	所以他们就像是在为他们认识的人求救却再也回不来了
154	Wasn't this your PhD?	这不是你的博士学位吗?
155	This is my PhD, yeah.	这是我的博士,是的。
156	What was your PhD in?	你的博士学位是什么?
157	In psychology.	心理学
158	But I was in a more like forensic context at that time.	但我当时更像是法医
159	So I was studying behavioral cues to emotional high stakes deception.	所以我在研究行为暗示情感高度的欺骗。
160	Are you trying to spot someone who was, say, in the media saying,	你是想在媒体上看到有人说
161	I can't find my wife, please help me.	我找不到我妻子了请帮帮我
162	A thousand percent.	千分百计.
163	But they killed their own wife.	但是他们杀了自己的妻子
164	Yes.	对
165	Yeah.	对
166	So I was comparing a bunch of those cases to a bunch of cases where people genuinely	所以我把这些案子和人们真正认为
167	had no idea where their missing loved one had gone.	不知道他们失踪的亲人去了哪里
168	And they were, you know, desperately pleading to have them home.	他们急切地恳求他们回家
169	And this is one of the differences that we saw in that set of videos where like,	这就是我们在那些视频里看到的区别之一
170	maybe you can try to do this with me, Stephen.	也许你可以试着跟我做这件事 Stephen
171	Are you up for it?	你愿意吗?
172	I'm up for it.	我准备好了。
173	I'm always up for everything.	我总是为一切着想。
174	So in the genuine sadness, you get the like downturn lip corners.	所以,在真正的悲伤中, 你得到像下滑的唇角。
175	Okay.	摆
176	So you did that pretty easily.	所以,你这样做相当容易。
177	What tends to be more difficult is this combination in the eyebrows.	往往比较困难的是眉间这种组合.
178	So just your inner eyebrows comes upward and together.	所以,只是你的内在眉毛向上和在一起。
179	Oh, you're pretty good.	哦,你很不错。
180	Nicely done.	干得不错
181	It was hard.	这很难。
182	So what we saw in the people who were lying was more like surprise.	我们从说谎的人身上看到的更像是惊喜
183	Like they were able to kind of pull the lip corners down.	好像他们可以把嘴角拉下来
184	But instead of like the inner eyebrows going upward and together,	而不是像内在的眉毛向上和在一起,
185	the whole inner and outer eyebrows would go up, but not together.	整个内侧和外侧的眉毛会上升但不会一起上升
186	So it's kind of like.	所以有点像。
187	And you could predictably tell from footage if someone had done it or not.	你可以从镜头中预测出如果有人做了与否。
188	Like was there correlation?	就像有关系一样?
189	Yeah.	对
190	So we were able to use four different cues.	所以我们可以使用四个不同的提示。
191	So two verbal and two nonverbal to predict with about 90% accuracy,	因此,两个口头和两个非口头预测大约90%的准确度,
192	who was lying and who was telling the truth.	谁在说谎,谁在说实话。
193	Caveat to that.	洞穴到那个。
194	We tried to replicate that more recently and we found much more modest effects,	我们最近试图复制它我们发现效果要小得多
195	but we did find consistencies, especially with the verbal stuff.	但是我们确实找到了配乐, 特别是口头上的东西。
196	And there it was the number of words that people used as well as tentative words.	那里是人们用到的字数,以及暂定字数。
197	So liars would tend to say things like, if you see this, come home or call or whatever.	所以,骗子会倾向于说,如果你看到这一点, 回家或打电话什么的。
198	It was kind of like a little vague about what this person should do if they saw it.	这有点像有点模糊这个人应该做什么如果他们看到它。
199	Saying things like, it wasn't like an argument per se that we were having.	说一些类似的话, 它不是像一个争论本身我们有。
200	So they kind of left a lot of like gray area in the things that they were saying.	所以他们把很多像灰色的地方留在了他们所说的话里。
201	Whereas the truthful people were like, when you see this, call me.	诚心的民众们,好像,当你们看见这个的时候,你们应当召唤我。
202	They were more sort of high conviction and precise.	他们更具有高度的信念和准确性。
203	Yes, exactly.	没错
204	I think down there we have some cards that say three signs someone is lying.	我想下面有些牌上面写着有人在撒谎
205	So one cue to deception is sparse or ambiguous information.	因此,一个欺骗的提示是很少或模糊的信息。
206	So the most consistent effect we have that differentiates people who are telling the	所以,我们最一致的效果区别的人谁告诉
207	truth from people who are lying is the amount of detail that they give.	说谎者的真理,是他们所叙述的。
208	So people who are lying tend to give fewer details.	因此,说谎的人往往提供更少的细节。
209	Interesting.	有意思,这很有趣
210	I thought it was the opposite.	以为反.
211	Yeah, I hear this a lot where people are like, no, but liars will like,	是的,我听到很多在那里人们喜欢,没有, 但骗子会喜欢,
212	natter on and on and on.	紧紧按住
213	That's not what we find in the research whatsoever.	这不是我们在研究中发现的
214	Especially, especially when people don't have time to prepare.	特别是当人们没有时间准备的时候.
215	So whenever people have time to prepare, they can start to look pretty much like a truth teller	所以,每当人们有时间准备, 他们可以开始看起来差不多像一个说实话的人
216	on the amount of information they have.	他们掌握的信息数量。
217	But if you get someone on the spot, the truth teller just has to say,	但如果你当场找到人说实话的人只能说
218	remember what happened and spit it out and tell you.	记住发生了什么,吐出来告诉你。
219	And you can even ask for more information.	你甚至可以要求更多的信息。
220	Tell me more about that and they can come up with more information about that.	告诉我更多关于这一点, 他们可以想出更多的信息。
221	Because they were there, right?	因为他们在那里,对不对?
222	The person who is lying has a much harder task.	说谎的人的任务更艰巨
223	We call this they have increased cognitive load, which means that they need to come up with	我们称之为他们增加了认知负荷这意味着他们需要提出
224	details on the spot.	现场细节。
225	They need to not contradict themselves.	他们不必自相矛盾。
226	They need to make sure they remember it for the next time they tell this lie.	他们需要确保记住它,下一次他们说这个谎言。
227	They also need to try to imagine like, what do you know already?	他们也需要试着想象, 像,你已经知道什么?
228	And how do I not contradict or essentially step in it, right?	我怎么能不自相矛盾也不从本质上介入呢?
229	Whenever I'm trying to explain what actually didn't happen.	每当我试图解释什么实际没有发生。
230	They must have high blood pressure anyway, just from knowing that they're not telling	反正他们一定有高血压因为他们不知道
231	the truth.	事实
232	And that must make your cortisol spike to know that you're like...	这一定让你的皮质素激增知道你就像...
233	Yeah, we actually we've done some research in my lab to show that people who are lying	是的,我们实际上已经做了一些研究在我的实验室显示在撒谎的人
234	tend to have an increased cortisol reactivity relative to people who are telling the truth.	相对于讲真话的人来说皮质醇的反应力会增强
235	You know, on this one, the reason why the reason why I was surprised to hear it is because	你知道,在这个方面,为什么我惊讶地听到它的原因是
236	I'm a big true crime fan, like obsessed.	我是一个真正的犯罪迷, 像痴迷。
237	And I often watch the interrogation videos.	我经常看审讯录像
238	And I think I thought I heard before that when they're interviewing someone who is guilty,	我想我之前听说了当他们采访有罪的人时
239	they will give lots of like a relevant detail on other parts of it.	他们将就其中其他部分提供许多类似相关细节。
240	I was watching the Jesse Smollett interview he did on TV.	我在看杰西·斯莫莱特在电视上的采访
241	Again, he had time to prepare.	他还有时间准备
242	So maybe that's the caveat.	所以也许这就是警告
243	And he really described a bunch of pointless stuff.	他真的描述了一堆毫无意义的东西。
244	He was like talking to the journalists.	他就像跟记者说话
245	He was like, you know, and then I landed and I called my manager who was in Australia	他喜欢,你知道, 然后我降落,我打电话给我的经理谁在澳大利亚
246	because my manager is on tour with someone else.	因为我的经理和别人在旅行
247	And then even when he talked about going to Subway and getting the Subway wrap,	然后,即使他谈到去地铁和获得地铁包装,
248	he mentioned that it was like a tuna wrap.	他提到这就像一个金枪鱼包装。
249	So like the details he was sure on, and that were probably true,	所以就像他确定的细节很可能是真的
250	he seemed to really expand out.	他似乎真的扩张了。
251	And then when it gets into the other stuff, which is where the bulk of the lies took place,	然后当它进入其他的东西, 这是大部分谎言发生的地方,
252	allegedly, it was quite vague.	据称,这是相当模糊的。
253	Yeah.	对
254	So we call that embedded lies, right?	我们把这叫做嵌入式谎言,对吧?
255	So like he's giving lots of detail where it's truthful.	所以他给了很多细节哪里是真的。
256	Yeah.	对
257	And then almost no detail where it's a lie, right?	然后几乎没有细节它在哪里是一个谎言,对不对?
258	And then lots of detail where it's truthful.	然后很多细节在它的真实。
259	So you can also kind of like compare someone's baseline.	所以你也可以比较一下某人的基线。
260	Do they tend to give lots of detail?	他们往往会给出很多细节吗?
261	Do they tend to be sparse on information?	他们往往缺乏信息吗?
262	You can look for kind of deviations.	你可以寻找一种偏差。
263	And so if you notice that like someone tells you a really long story,	所以如果你注意到有人告诉你一个很长的故事
264	there's tons of detail about all these other things.	还有其他很多细节
265	And then in this part of the story, there's like very little information,	然后在故事的这一部分, 有像很少的信息,
266	very sparse or ambiguous information, right?	非常稀少或模糊的信息,对不对?
267	That can be a red flag.	那可以是一个红旗。
268	And I think what's important to remember is that there is no Pinocchio's nose.	我想应该记住的是没有皮诺曹的鼻子
269	There's no like one cue.	没有什么像一个提示。
270	And so what you're looking for is just like these subtle cues	所以你要找的就是这些微妙的提示
271	that are like red flags and encourage you to follow up, ask more questions.	这就像红旗并鼓励你跟进, 问更多的问题。
272	Dig in to that topic a little bit further.	再深入一点
273	You know, in the same way they did the research to figure out if members of the public could	你知道,同样的方式,他们做了研究找出公众是否可以
274	just on the surface, tell if someone was a psychopath in 5, 10 or 20 seconds.	就从表面上看 5、10或20秒内是否有人是个精神病人
275	Have they ever done that with lying to figure out if people can spot lies?	他们有没有说谎找出人们能否发现谎言?
276	Literally thousands of times.	字数千遍.
277	Really?	真的吗?
278	Yeah.	对
279	So in my lab, we've actually had them steal a hundred dollar bill from a room.	所以在我的实验室里,我们真的让他们从一个房间里偷了100美元。
280	And then we had someone come in and essentially interrogate them.	然后有人进来审问他们
281	And everyone had to deny it, right?	而每个人都不得不否认,对不对?
282	So the people who took it were lying.	所以拿它的人在撒谎
283	And the people who did not take it were telling the truth.	而那些没有拿它的人说的是实话
284	And we put a hundred bucks on the line, right?	我们花了100块在线上,对不对?
285	So like if you're able to convince this person that you didn't take it,	所以,就像如果你能够说服这个人你没有把它,
286	when you actually did, you can keep that at Benjamin.	当你真的做了, 你可以保留在本杰明。
287	And then we showed these videos to other people, right?	然后我们把这些视频展示给其他人,对吧?
288	People are not very good at detecting these lies or really any kind of lies.	人们不太擅长侦测这些谎言或任何一种谎言。
289	On average, people perform at about 54% accuracy.	平均来说,人们的表演精度约为54%.
290	Like if I gave you 12 videos, six are liars, six are truth tellers,	就像我给你12个视频 6个是骗子 6个是说真话的人
291	you'll get like six or seven, right?	你会得到像六七,对不对?
292	What if someone is trained?	如果有人受过训练呢?
293	Do the stats increase?	数据增加吗?
294	So they can increase a little bit.	这样可以增加一点。
295	Yes.	对
296	What is better actually is learning how to ask better questions.	更好的是学会问更好的问题。
297	Oh, really?	是吗?
298	Yeah.	对
299	So instead of just being like, here's a video of someone lying or telling the truth.	而不是只是喜欢, 这里有一个视频某人说谎或说实话。
300	Like that's all you get.	就像这就是你得到的。
301	And just like, look at that and tell me if they're lying or telling the truth.	碞钩禗и琌弧晾临琌弧痷杠
302	Good lie detectors ask for more information or they ask unanticipated questions.	良好的谎言探测器要求更多信息,或者它们提出意想不到的问题.
303	Where people haven't prepared for them.	在人们还没准备好的地方
304	And then those cues of deception, that like sparse information,	然后这些欺骗的提示, 像稀疏的信息,
305	that like sense that they're thinking really hard is really going to kind of go off the charts.	那种感觉,他们认为真正的艰难会真正去一些图表。
306	And so learning how to ask good questions is actually a really kind of essential tool	所以,学习如何问好问题实际上是一种真正的基本工具
307	for detecting lies.	用来侦测谎言
308	I mean, we're going to have to go into that rabbit hole.	我的意思是,我们要去进入兔子洞。
309	I've got to be careful here because people are going to take this out of context.	我在这里必须小心因为人们会把这件事从背景上说出去。
310	Say that I suspect my partner is cheating on me.	说我怀疑我的搭档在欺骗我
311	And I sit them down and I go, babe, listen, are you cheating on me?	我让他们坐下去宝贝听着你在欺骗我吗
312	And they go, no, absolutely not.	他们去,没有,绝对没有。
313	What would be a good question to ask, to ascertain if they are actually cheating on me?	问一个好问题问他们是否真的在欺骗我?
314	So I think where you first made a mistake is you asked a closed ended question.	所以我认为你第一次犯错的地方就是问了一个结束的问题
315	Are you cheating on me?	你在骗我吗?
316	No.	没有
317	You didn't even give them an opportunity to like have to come up with something more difficult.	你甚至没有给他们机会喜欢想出更难的事
318	Right?	对吧?
319	If you were like, okay, well, I think last Friday night you said you had to work late,	如果你喜欢,好吧,嗯,我想上周五晚上你说你不得不加班,
320	but I don't really believe that.	但我真的不相信这一点。
321	I think you were out with someone else.	我想你和别人出去了
322	You would say, tell me about, you know, work on Friday night.	你会说,告诉我, 你知道,周五晚上的工作。
323	And so then you're asking an open ended question.	然后你问了一个没完没了的问题
324	Let's role play.	让我们扮演的角色。
325	Okay.	摆
326	You're the one that suspects I'm cheating.	你是那个怀疑我作弊的人
327	Okay.	摆
328	And last Friday night I was up to something.	上周五晚上我正忙着呢
329	So that's the context.	这就是背景。
330	Let's do this.	让我们做到这一点。
331	Okay.	摆
332	I know you had to work late on Friday night.	我知道你周五晚上得加班工作
333	What were you working on?	你在忙着什么?
334	Yeah.	对
335	It's a big investment deal that we're working on with a couple of the colleagues.	我们正与几位同事合作进行一项重大投资交易.
336	We had to get a deck together.	我们得一起打甲板
337	So I was, yeah, I stayed till what?	所以我是,是的,我一直待到什么?
338	3 a.m. in the morning or something crazy like that.	凌晨3点或者那样的疯狂
339	And I ended up falling asleep on my desk.	结果我睡在桌子上
340	And yeah, that's a long one.	是的,这是一个很长的。
341	Anyway, what's for what we're doing today?	总之,我们今天做什么?
342	What's for dinner?	晚饭吃什么?
343	Okay.	摆
344	Red flags flying up.	红旗飞起.
345	So I would ask more questions.	所以我会问更多的问题。
346	I would be like, oh, like what, what client were you working on this for?	我将像,哦,像什么, 什么客户你为这个工作?
347	What's the, what's the deck about?	什么是,什么是甲板吗?
348	Yeah.	对
349	So we're doing an investment deal with them, with Google.	所以,我们正在做一个投资交易他们,与谷歌。
350	So it's good.	故为善.
351	Google's, yeah, it's Google.	谷歌的,是的,这是谷歌。
352	You, I could ask you like, okay, tell me about like what was in the deck.	你,我可以问你喜欢,好吧, 告诉我什么是甲板上。
353	Right.	对
354	And you give me a little bit kind of sketchy information and great question	你给我一点点粗略的信息和伟大的问题
355	to have in your back pocket is just tell me more about that.	在你的后口袋只是告诉我更多关于这一点。
356	Like you don't even have to like try very hard to figure out like,	就像你甚至不用尝试很难去想一样,
357	where am I going to stump them?	我到哪里去砍他们?
358	Right.	对
359	If you just ask, tell me more about that.	如果你只是问, 告诉我更多关于这一点。
360	At some point, the liar is going to have a lot more trouble coming up with additional	在某个时候,骗子会有更多的麻烦提出额外的
361	details than the truth teller who's the truth teller is going to be like, oh, well,	细节比说真话的人谁是说真话的人会像,哦,嗯,
362	this is what the project was about.	这就是项目的目的
363	Like it was actually super annoying because I couldn't get the font on the,	就像它实际上超级烦人因为我不能得到字体上,
364	you know, on the slide deck to stay on the slope, whatever.	你知道,在滑板上停留在斜坡上,随便。
365	Like you, as a truth teller, you were there and you know, all those annoying little	像你一样,作为一个说真话的人, 你在那里你知道,所有这些烦人的小
366	things that maybe you didn't include in the first version of the story.	可能你没有在故事的第一版本中包括的东西。
367	But if someone asks you for more detail, you could go into more detail.	但是如果有人问你更多细节的话,你可以更详细地说.
368	Whereas the person who's lying, who's making this up, that's much more difficult	而说谎的人,是谁编造的, 那要困难得多
369	for them to do because that didn't actually happen.	让他们这么做是因为那不是真的
370	And so they're going to be somewhat vague.	所以它们会有些模糊。
371	Yes, big.	对,很大。
372	And the details are going to be really difficult to verify.	细节很难核实。
373	So if they do give you some details, it might be like the things that you,	所以,如果他们确实给你一些细节, 它可能会像你的东西,
374	you don't know the coworkers that you're working with, right?	你不了解你的同事,对吧?
375	Oh, it's the new guy at work.	哦,这是新人的工作。
376	Like you don't know him.	就像你不认识他一样
377	So in general, liars tend to give fewer verifiable details.	所以一般来说,骗子往往会提供较少可核实的细节.
378	And there's this actually really fascinating study that, you know,	有个非常有趣的研究,你知道,
379	sometimes we're like, we're trying to like dissect, right?	有时候我们喜欢解剖对吧?
380	Someone's behavior.	某人的行为。
381	We're trying, we're paying attention to their words.	我们在努力,我们注意他们的话
382	We're paying attention like, oh, are they fidgeting or something,	我们注意的像,哦,他们是虚构什么的,
383	which is actually not a good cue to deception.	这其实不是欺骗的好暗示
384	We're looking at their eye contact, also not a good cue to deception.	我们正看着他们的眼睛接触, 也不是欺骗的好提示。
385	And we are trying to like create this crazy algorithm in our head,	我们想在脑海中创造这个疯狂的算法
386	like adding up all of these different behaviors to try to determine	就像把这些不同的行为加起来来决定
387	whether I think you're lying or telling the truth.	不管你是在撒谎还是说实话
388	Actually, research suggests that if you just ask how verifiable was that statement,	实际上,研究显示,如果你只是问如何可核查是该声明,
389	that's a better strategy for trying to accurately detect lies	这是试图准确发现谎言的更好的策略
390	than trying to use all of these other cues that actually don't work.	而不是试图使用所有这些其他的提示实际上无效。
391	If you ask yourself, how verifiable is the excuse this person I think his line gave me?	如果你问自己这个人给我的借口可以证明吗?
392	Yes, exactly.	没错
393	Interesting.	有意思,这很有趣
394	I think the broader finding is just that it is better to focus on one cue that works	我认为,更广泛的发现只是,它更好专注于一个线索工作
395	than to try to put together all of these like little cues that mostly don't work at all.	而不是试图把这些像小提示一样的东西拼凑起来, 大部分都行不通。
396	Okay.	摆
397	Yeah.	对
398	And the third one then?	那第三个呢?
399	The third one, you know, we've kind of touched on it,	第三个,你知道,我们已经某种接触它,
400	but it's just visible cognitive effort.	但这只是明显的认知努力。
401	So all of this stuff, you know, the details that people need to come up with	所以所有这些东西,你知道, 细节人们需要想出
402	is really hard to do, right?	真的很难做,对不对?
403	And they might be speaking really slowly.	他们说话可能很慢
404	They might be using lots of ums and ahs and errs.	他们可能用了很多微米和错误
405	They might be kind of like furrowing their brow, trying to figure things out.	他们可能有点像在摸眉毛试图弄清楚事情
406	Again, it's important to remember that like you could pause for a million different reasons	再说一次,必须记住,像你这样的人可以停下来,因为一百万个不同的原因
407	that are not deception related, right?	与欺骗无关对吧?
408	You could just be trying to remember something.	你可能只是试着回忆一些事情。
409	You could be furrowing your brow because I don't know, your forehead's itchy, whatever.	你可能会在眉毛上发抖,因为我不知道你的额头好痒,什么的
410	So none of these are Pinocchio's nose, but they are reliably associated with deception.	所以这些都不是皮诺曹的鼻子,但是它们与欺骗有可靠的联系.
411	What about body language?	身体语言呢?
412	People always talk about body language.	人们总是谈论身体语言.
413	People put a lot of stock into body language, particularly into like gaze aversion.	人们将大量股票投入到身体语言中,特别是像目光厌恶一样.
414	So if you go around the world and you ask people what's the number one cue	所以如果你环游世界问人们第一线索是什么
415	that someone is lying to you, they will say sketchy eye contact.	有人在骗你,他们会说眼神接触很模糊
416	And there's no research to suggest that that is true.	没有研究可以证明这是真的。
417	And if you think about it for like a hot second, it makes so much sense, right?	如果你一想到它就像热的一秒钟, 它有这么多的道理,对不对?
418	Because I sometimes tell a lie, you sometimes tell a lie.	因为我有时撒谎,你有时说谎。
419	We all know the stereotype that liars can't look you in the eye.	我们都知道骗子不能看你的眼睛的定型观念
420	So if I want you to believe me, I'm going to make sure I control my eye contact.	所以,如果我要你相信我, 我会确保控制我的眼睛接触。
421	Right?	对吧?
422	And that's something that's well under our control.	而这是我们完全控制的事情。
423	And there's neurodivergence and things like that, which means that some people who have	还有神经分裂和类似的东西, 这意味着有些人谁有
424	sort of certain neurodiversities struggle with eye contact, but it doesn't necessarily	某种程度上的神经分裂与眼睛接触,但它并不一定
425	mean that they're lying.	就是说他们在撒谎
426	Exactly.	没错
427	So there's some emerging research to suggest that people who are on the autism	因此,有一些新兴的研究表明, 那些在自闭症的人
428	spectrum are perceived as lying more when they're actually telling the truth.	当他们说实话时, 光谱被认为是更多的谎言。
429	And that's because of this eye contact thing, which people are using as a cue to	那是因为这个眼睛接触的东西人们用它作为提示
430	deception, but in fact is unrelated to deception.	欺骗,但事实上与欺骗无关。
431	I mean, there's also like cultural differences, right?	我的意思是,还有像文化差异,对不对?
432	In some cultures, it's more respectful, like not to look at you in the eye.	在一些文化中,比较尊重,比如不看你的眼睛.
433	And so that can also lead to kind of errors in our judgment.	所以这也会导致我们判断错误。
434	And there's this sort of dark personality trait thing I hear a lot.	我经常听到这种黑暗的个性特征
435	Is it a triad?	是三合会吗?
436	It was a triad.	是个三合会
437	Now we get a tetrad.	现在我们得到一个四面体。
438	Okay.	摆
439	So is that what this is?	所以这是什么?
440	Yes.	对
441	Okay.	摆
442	So if you want to reveal what each of those is one at a time.	所以,如果你想要揭示每一个都是一个。
443	Psychopathy, for example.	比如说心理疗法
444	What is psychopathy?	什么是变态?
445	Psychopathy is a constellation that is a set of personality traits.	心理疗法是一组人格特征的星座.
446	So it's not just one thing.	所以这不仅仅是一件事。
447	Having kind of a superficial charm, they're quite manipulative and they tend to be pretty	有点肤浅的魅力,他们很能操控,而且往往很漂亮
448	grandiose.	爷爷
449	So they've got a pretty inflated view of themselves.	所以他们对自己的看法相当夸张。
450	There's also emotional components.	还有情感成分.
451	So they tend to have pretty shallow emotional experiences, a lack of remorse and guilt for	因此,他们往往相当浅浅的情感经历, 缺乏悔恨和内疚
452	harming other people.	伤害别人。
453	And they tend not to take responsibility for their own actions.	他们往往不为自己的行为负责。
454	In addition, they tend to be pretty impulsive.	此外,它们往往具有相当的冲动性.
455	So they are kind of living life by the seat of their pants and they're not really, you know,	所以,他们是一种生活在他们的裤子的座位他们不是真的,你知道,
456	planning far out into the future.	计划远离未来
457	And so they might, you know, kind of mooch off of a family members or a romantic partner.	所以他们可能,你知道, 某种mock 离开家庭成员或浪漫伴侣。
458	And then lastly, they tend to break a lot of rules.	最后,他们往往违反许多规则。
459	So this might be just like workplace rules or social norms,	所以,这可能是就像工作场所的规则或社会规范,
460	but psychopathy has largely been studied in criminal populations.	但精神病学主要是在犯罪人群中研究的。
461	So this could also be laws.	所以这也可以是法律。
462	The other three of the so-called dark tetrad share some elements,	其他三个所谓的黑暗四面体有一些元素,
463	but also had some like unique flavors.	但也有一些像独特的味道。
464	So the next one we've got here is Machiavellianism.	接下来的就是马基雅维利主义。
465	And that is, you know, named after Niccolo Machiavelli, who wrote The Prince,	这就是,你知道,以尼科洛·马奇雅维利的名字命名, 他写了"王子",
466	which is a kind of how-to manual to like gain and wield power effectively.	这是一种如何手动喜欢获得和有效使用权力。
467	So as a personality trait, they tend to be pretty cynical about other people.	因此,作为一个个性特征, 他们倾向于相当愤世嫉俗的其他人。
468	They tell a lot of lies and they try to like manipulate people, but it's more like	他们说了很多谎言他们试着喜欢操纵人但更像是
469	three-dimensional chess, you know?	三维棋,你知道吗?
470	Like they might learn a little tidbit about you, Steven.	就像他们可能学习一点点关于你,史蒂文。
471	They'll be like, you know what?	他们会像,你知道吗?
472	I could use that against him later.	我以后可以用这个对付他
473	I'm just going to like put that in my back pocket.	我只是会喜欢把它放在我的后口袋。
474	And, you know, when I need to manipulate or like blackmail you in the future, right?	而且,你知道,当我需要操纵或喜欢讹诈你在未来,对不对?
475	They'll have that available to them.	他们会有他们可用的。
476	So they're very interested in power, which of course is where the name comes from.	因此他们对权力非常感兴趣,这当然是名字的来源.
477	Next one is Narcissism.	下一个是纳西西主义。
478	You know, that's one that people know pretty well, right?	你知道,这是人们非常清楚的,对不对?
479	So these are people who tend to be very entitled.	所以,这些人往往是非常有资格。
480	And they're very willing to exploit other people in order to get what they think they deserve,	他们非常愿意利用别人来得到他们认为应得的东西,
481	right?	对吧?
482	So it's like very relentless kind of self-focus.	所以这就像非常无情的自我聚焦。
483	This word has been used quite a lot in culture.	这个词在文化中被大量使用.
484	常掷诸 around.
485	Constantly, yes.	总是,是的。
486	What's your view of that?	你对此的看法如何?
487	I mean, narcissism, like all of these traits, exists on a continuum.	我的意思是,自恋, 像所有这些特征一样, 存在于一个连续体上。
488	So you or anyone else, myself, could take a measure, a self-report measure,	这样你或者其他人,我自己, 可以采取一个措施, 一个自我报告措施,
489	the extent to which I have these traits, right?	我在多大程度上有这些特征,对不对?
490	And you can land anywhere from very low to very high.	你可以在从非常低到非常高的地方降落。
491	Now, some of these traits, narcissism being one of them, actually has a,	现在,有些特征,自恋是其中之一, 实际上有一个,
492	there's a personality disorder diagnosis at the incredibly high end, right?	有一个人格障碍诊断在令人难以置信的高端,对不对?
493	So this appears in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual,	因此,这出现在《诊断和统计手册》中,
494	which is basically like a list of different mental disorders.	这基本上就像一个列表不同的精神障碍。
495	You could go to a psychologist or psychiatrist.	你可以去找心理学家或心理医生
496	They could assess you and diagnose you if you have like extreme levels of narcissism.	他们可以评估你,诊断你如果你有像极端自恋的程度。
497	But like people land everywhere, right?	但就像人们在任何地方着陆,对不对?
498	So I think part of the problem is that people say, oh, she's a narcissist, right?	所以我认为问题的一部分是人们说, 哦,她是一个自恋者,对不对?
499	He's a narcissist.	他是个自恋狂
500	Are they a narcissist or a psychopath?	他们是自恋还是精神病?
501	And they make this kind of very binary distinction there, right?	他们做出这种非常二进制的区分,对不对?
502	I guess I have qualms with those words for a couple of different reasons.	我想我对这些词有疑问有几个不同的原因
503	You know, these exist on a continuum.	你知道,这些存在于一个连续体。
504	There's no clear like moment where it becomes you are a narcissist versus not a narcissist.	并没有明确的瞬间你变成自恋者而不是自恋者
505	And so as with all of these other traits, it's a bit of a mouthful,	和所有这些其他的特质一样, 它有点口味,
506	but I think it's more accurate to say they have relatively high levels of narcissism	但我认为说他们的自恋程度比较高
507	or psychopathy or whatever the case is.	或者精神错乱,或者什么情况
508	And you said that there's two main types of narcissist.	你说有两种主要的自恋
509	Yeah.	对
510	So increasingly, personality psychologists are identifying this kind of vulnerable type	性格心理学家们越来越发现这种脆弱类型
511	and a grandiose type.	和壮丽的类型。
512	And so grandiose is like one that we all know well, where it's like they've got this ego.	如此的壮丽就像我们都知道的一样, 在那里他们好像有这种自我。
513	It's huge.	这是巨大的。
514	It like cannot be popped, right?	像不能弹出,对不对?
515	It's like they get this negative feedback and it's like nothing gets through to them.	这就像他们得到这种负面的反馈和它就像什么得到他们。
516	And they always think they should be the one in charge, etc.	他们总是认为应该由自己来负责等等.
517	For those individuals, they tend to get very angry with a particular kind of threat to their ego.	对于这些人来说,他们往往会因为某种对自我的威胁而非常生气。
518	And that is like a failure to achieve.	这就像失败。
519	Like they wanted this promotion at work.	好像他们想升职一样
520	They didn't get it.	他们没有得到它。
521	Vulnerable individuals actually have kind of a very fragile ego.	弱势个人实际上有一种非常脆弱的自我。
522	Interesting.	有意思,这很有趣
523	So it can be popped very easily, essentially.	基本上,它很容易被弹出。
524	So if they get negative feedback from people, maybe they get like socially rejected.	所以,如果他们得到人们的负面反馈, 也许他们得到像社会拒绝。
525	That's when they become quite angry.	这时他们变得相当愤怒。
526	That's more of a trigger for them.	这更是他们的诱饵
527	And is it you using the word angry as the outcome of both those types of narcissists?	你是用愤怒这个词来形容这两种自恋者的结果吗?
528	But I guess one would assume that maybe just from the wording that a vulnerable narcissist	但我想人们会认为,也许仅仅从一个脆弱的自恋者的措辞来看,
529	would get more upset or more self-critical or something like that.	会更不高兴或更自我批评或类似的东西。
530	The research at least was focused on anger in response to these kinds of threats to their ego.	研究的重点至少是愤怒,以应对他们自我的这些威胁。
531	But certainly emotional, like combative.	但肯定有感情,像战斗。
532	This is when you're going to get a really negative response.	这时候你将会得到一个非常负面的反应。
533	Like someone who is relatively low on narcissism of both kinds could take that kind of feedback	就像对两种自恋相对低调的人都能接受这种反馈
534	that like, no, I don't think a second date is really for us, right?	那样的话,不,我不认为第二次约会真的是为我们,对不对?
535	Someone with vulnerable narcissism is going to respond badly.	有个自恋狂的人会反应不好
536	Do you know why I asked the question?	你知道我为什么问这个问题吗?
537	It's just a front of mind because of a conversation I was having the other day	只是因为我前几天的谈话
538	where we were interviewing someone.	在那里,我们正在采访某人。
539	And during the interview process, they were very quick to say,	在采访过程中,他们很快地说,
540	to claim credit for like all of the things the company they worked at had done.	就像他们公司所做的一切
541	And they were also very quick to say that they were like good at everything.	他们也很快地说, 他们擅长一切。
542	Even as I walked out of the room with them and I said, oh, can you,	即使我和他们走出房间我说,哦,你能,
543	can I message you on this particular app?	我能给你发个信息吗?
544	They said, I'm amazing at that app.	他们说,我对那个应用程序很在行
545	Again, I'm anonymizing.	再说一遍,我在匿名
546	So a lot of this is slightly changed.	所以很多事情都略有改变。
547	And I walked out of the room weirdly having interviewed thousands and thousands of people	我奇怪地走出房间采访了成千上万的人
548	over the years, thinking to myself, they were so lovely,	多年来,我想,他们是如此可爱,
549	but it felt to me like it was more coming from a place of insecurity.	但我觉得这更像是来自不安全的地方
550	And when you look at their story, it's a story of someone who has been continually	当你看他们的故事, 这是一个故事某人一直持续
551	counted out, overlooked for opportunities and almost has this,	数数,忽略机会,几乎有这个,
552	a bit of a chip on their shoulder to try and be, prove themselves.	他们的肩膀上有一块芯片来证明自己
553	Now, when I, another person I think would look at that same pattern of behavior and say,	现在,当我,另一个人我认为会看同样的行为模式并说,
554	oh, that person's a narcissist.	哦,那个人是个自恋狂。
555	So when I had vulnerable narcissist versus this sort of grandiose one,	所以当我有脆弱的自恋与这种优雅的,
556	I was wondering if is at all linked to what I'm saying.	我在想这是否和我说的有关
557	Like for vulnerable narcissism, the reason that they would respond so poorly to this	就像对脆弱的自恋, 原因他们的反应如此糟糕
558	kind of rejection is that they need kind of constant admiration and positive feedback	那种拒绝是他们需要一种不断的钦佩和积极的反馈
559	from other people to keep their ego like going.	从其他人保持他们的自我像去。
560	I called this person's former employer to get a reference.	我给这个人的前雇主打了电话以获得推荐信
561	And they said about him that one of the quotes was he always needs a gold star.	他们提到他,其中一句是他总是需要一颗金星。
562	What's the difference between deep insecurity and narcissism in this regard?	在这方面,深层的不安全和自恋有什么区别?
563	The deep insecurity, it would need to be coupled with these like entitlement.	严重的不安全状况需要与诸如此类的权利结合起来。
564	There's still a grandiose sense of self.	犹有大乘自性.
565	It's just that it is quite fragile.	只是它相当脆弱。
566	So they're like, they think they're really good and they're willing to exploit other people	所以他们喜欢,他们认为他们真的很好他们愿意剥削别人
567	to get what they think they deserve.	以获得他们认为他们应得的。
568	And they may feel like they've been victimized, right?	他们可能觉得自己是受害者,对吧?
569	And that's why they haven't gotten all of the accolades that they think they deserve.	这就是为什么他们还没有得到他们认为他们应得的所有功劳。
570	Now, I think kind of regardless of where this person, you know, sits on this continuum,	现在,我想不管这个人在哪里, 你知道,坐在这个连续体上,
571	you know, they might still have like incredible skills.	你知道,他们可能仍然有像不可思议的技能。
572	They might have the abilities that you're looking for.	他们也许有你要找的能力
573	And so is this something you can manage or is this going to create problems?	这是你能处理的还是会制造问题?
574	I didn't get any sense that they were entitled or that they would use other people to their	我完全不明白他们是否有资格... ...或者他们会利用其他人去他们那里
575	advantage.	优势。
576	I got the impression that people would generally like them and that they weren't entitled at all.	我得到的印象是, 人们一般会喜欢他们, 他们根本不有资格。
577	They still had these sort of self-promotional traits.	他们仍然有这种自我促进的特质。
578	And I think in society, the minute someone's like overly self-promotional,	我想在社会上, 一个人的分钟像过度自我促进,
579	we run to the sort of narcissist category versus it could be other things, I'm presuming.	我们跑到那种自恋类相对于它可能是其他的事情, 我假定。
580	I mean, I think in that situation, right, you need to be quite mindful of the situation	我的意思是,我认为在这种情况下, 正确的,你需要相当注意的情况
581	as well, right?	同样,对不对?
582	So like our behavior is kind of a combination of both our personality and the situation	所以,就像我们的行为是那种结合我们的个性和情况
583	that we're in.	说我们加入。
584	And so if you're at a job interview, like your whole goal is to show people like,	所以如果你在面试就像你的目标就是向人们展示
585	I can do this job.	我可以做到这一点。
586	I've got the skills that you need.	我有你需要的技能
587	And so in a job interview, we might kind of come across as like a more confident, more,	所以在一次面试中我们可能会像一个更自信的
588	you know, we're presenting ourselves in the best possible light.	你知道,我们正在展示自己在尽可能最好的光。
589	But I think we're very quick to rush to a personality assessment.	但我觉得我们很快就要进行个性评估了
590	It's called the fundamental attribution error.	这被称为根本归属错误.
591	So it's like when I see someone behave in a particular way, like they're maybe being	所以,这就像当我看到某人的行为在一个特定的方式,
592	all the things that they can do really well, I could be like, oh, that's narcissistic,	所有他们能做的都很好, 我可能喜欢,哦,那是自恋,
593	right?	对吧?
594	That's a personality trait.	这是一个个性特征。
595	And we tend to be more likely to do that to others.	我们更可能这样对待别人。
596	But if I was in their shoes, I would be like, I was just trying to show Steven like what	但如果我是在他们的鞋, 我会是喜欢,我只是试图向史蒂文是什么
597	I could do.	我可以做到这一点。
598	It's the situation that made me act kind of bigger than my britches, right?	情况让我表现得比我的胸围大,对吧?
599	So we need to also be aware of like, the situation can impact our behavior.	所以我们也需要意识到情况会影响我们的行为
600	And so we want to be not too quick to make a personality attribution where the situation	因此,我们不想太快做出个性归属的情况
601	could explain that.	可以解释这一点。
602	And that's maybe a really important point to make here is that personality is a consistent	这或许是一个非常重要的点在这里是人格是一个一致的
603	pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving over time and across context.	思考,感受, 和行为的方式时间和背景。
604	So if you've only got one interaction with this person, you've only got one interaction	所以,如果你只有一个互动与这个人,你只有一个互动
605	with this person, you probably get a sense of their personality, but you might see them,	有了这个人,你可能会感觉到他们的个性, 但你可能会看到他们,
606	you know, out with their friends or with their family and they might not be kind of so boastful,	和他们的朋友或家人出去他们可能不会那么自夸
607	right?	对吧?
608	And that might suggest that this is really the situation talking, not the personality.	这可能说明,这是真正的形势谈论,而不是个性。
609	And what are the gender differences in narcissism in terms of both different types of narcissism?	在两种不同的自恋中,自恋的性别差异是什么?
610	You mentioned vulnerable narcissism and also grandiose narcissism.	你提到了脆弱的自恋和宏伟的自恋。
611	And then I guess there might be some other gender differences in our ability to like	然后我想我们可能还有其他的性别差异在喜欢
612	spot these behaviors.	注意这些行为
613	So when it comes to all of these traits that we're talking about, men tend to score somewhat	所以,当涉及到我们所说的所有这些特征时, 男人往往得到一些
614	higher than women.	高于妇女。
615	And that's quite a consistent finding.	这是一个相当一致的发现。
616	That is not to say that women cannot score like very high on these traits.	这并不是说,妇女在这些特征上不能获得很高的分数。
617	There are certainly cases and there's quite a bit of overlap, but on average, you know,	肯定有案子而且有相当的重叠, 但平均来说,你知道,
618	the averages for men tend to be higher than the averages for women.	男性的平均数往往高于女性的平均数。
619	And there's a fourth brick.	则有第四砖.
620	That's the newest and the latest one, which is sadism.	这是最新的和最新的, 这是虐待。
621	When you hear sadism, you might jump to like pretty extreme.	当你听到虐待, 你可能会跳到相当极端。
622	Yeah, I was thinking of like the devil and stuff.	是啊,我想像魔鬼之类的东西。
623	Yeah.	对
624	I mean, I first started studying sadistic behavior in the context of like sexual homicides.	我的意思是,我首先开始研究虐待行为在类似性谋杀的背景下。
625	Like I was reading through these descriptions of criminal behavior and I was looking for	就像我在读这些关于犯罪行为的描述我在找
626	signs of sadistic treatment of the victim.	受害者受到虐待的迹象。
627	So it's like, it can get incredibly extreme, right?	所以,它会变得非常极端,对不对?
628	And that's probably where our mind goes.	这可能是我们的思想去的地方。
629	But there's also like kind of more everyday versions.	但也有类似更多的日常版本。
630	One good example is like online trolling.	一个好的例子是像在线巨怪。
631	So we know that people who are relatively high in sadism tend to, they take pleasure	所以我们知道虐待倾向比较高的人往往很快乐
632	in other people's pain, right?	在别人的痛苦,对不对?
633	And so you could do that in incredibly like gruesome, horrifying ways, or you could just	这样你就可以用令人难以置信的恐怖方式来做这件事或者你可以
634	be like pushing people's buttons online, trying to get people upset.	就像在网络上按下别人的按钮, 试图让人们生气。
635	They all share kind of three things.	他们都有三样东西
636	They are callous, so they don't care about other people.	他们是无情的,所以他们不在乎其他人。
637	They don't care about your feelings or your outcomes.	他们不在乎你的感受和结果
638	They're manipulative, so they're willing to lie and cheat to get what they want.	他们有操纵性,所以愿意撒谎和作弊以获得他们想要的东西.
639	And they're hostile toward other people.	他们敌视别人
640	So that's kind of like the core of all of these traits.	这有点像所有这些特征的核心。
641	That's what they share.	这是他们分享的。
642	Facades.	法华果.
643	Are they good at hiding it?	他们擅长隐藏吗?
644	Yes.	对
645	In fact, some of the like earliest descriptions of psychopathy in particular,	事实上,一些类似最早描述精神病,特别是,
646	described it as like a mask of sanity.	把它描述成像一个理智的面具。
647	And so it's like they can seem quite kind of normal on the surface.	所以它们看起来很正常
648	But if you kind of get a look underneath the hood, you see that they're not running	但是如果你在引擎盖下面看到一副表情他们不会跑
649	the same kind of operating system that you are.	同样的操作系统。
650	What is the inverse of all this stuff?	这些东西的反面是什么?
651	Because we've pointed at the traits and a lot of those are things people understand.	因为我们指向了这些特质很多都是人们理解的
652	But there's also some misconceptions.	但也有一些误解.
653	There's also the opposite, which is like people think narcissists or psychopaths can't hold	反之亦然,就像人们认为自恋者或精神病患者不能坚持
654	eye contact is one of the ones you hear all the time.	眼睛接触是你一直听到的声音之一。
655	What are some of these ones that through your research you've been able to debunk as not	这些是什么通过你的研究,你能够解析为没有
656	being true?	是真的吗?
657	So I think one of the biggest ones is that all people with high levels of psychopathy	所以,我认为其中最大的一个是,所有的人有高的精神病
658	are violent.	充满暴力
659	And that's absolutely not the case.	而事实并非如此。
660	It kind of links to your tweet here.	它有点链接到你的微博。
661	Yeah.	对
662	So most people think a psychopath looks dangerous.	所以大多数人认为一个精神病人看起来很危险。
663	They picture the villain in a movie, but that's not how it works in real life.	他们在电影中描绘了反派,但现实生活中却不是这样.
664	So you probably noticed that like in that description that I gave you, kind of a long	所以,你可能注意到就像在描述我在给你, 有点长
665	winded description of psychopathy with all those four different elements, I did say that	我用这四个不同的元素来形容精神病
666	there was rule breaking, right?	有打破规则,对不对?
667	And sometimes that's criminal rule breaking.	有时候这是犯规
668	So that could be violent behavior, but it's not necessarily so.	所以这可能是暴力行为, 但不一定是这样。
669	So psychopathy is like a risk factor for violent behavior, but there's plenty of people who	所以精神变态就像一个危险因素对于暴力行为, 但有很多人谁
670	would score relatively highly and never engage in violent behavior.	得分会比较高也永远不会有暴力行为
671	They might break rules in other ways, right?	他们可能会以其他方式违反规则,对吧?
672	So I think whenever we hear the word psychopathy, what comes to mind is like a Ted Bundy, right?	所以,我想每当我们听到精神病这个词, 想到什么像一个泰德邦迪,对不对?
673	Ted Bundy type character.	泰德·邦迪的类型角色。
674	He reportedly scored I think 39 out of 40 or something on the psychopathy checklist	据报道,他得分... ...我想40分中有39分...
675	revised, which is a measure that psychologists will use to assess how psychopathic someone	这是心理学家用来评估精神病患者
676	is.	没错
677	So yeah, he's a bit of a poster boy for those traits, but certainly people can score	所以,他是一个有点海报男孩这些特点,但肯定人们可以得分
678	highly without being a serial murderer.	绝对不是杀人犯
679	In terms of the amount of the population that have one of these dark personality traits,	就拥有这些黑暗人格特征之一的人口数量而言,
680	what are the numbers?	号码是什么?
681	How common is it?	有多常见?
682	So this is a complicated question because as I told you, all these traits exist on a	所以,这是一个复杂的问题,因为正如我告诉你, 所有这些特征都存在于一个
683	continuum.	连续
684	So the proportion of people that we say are high on these traits depends on where you	因此,我们所说的人的比例高于这些特征取决于你在哪里
685	put that cut point, right?	把切点,对不对?
686	If we're talking about psychopathy and clinical levels, that means a score of 30 out of 40	如果我们说到精神病和临床水平也就是说40分中有30分
687	on the psychopathy checklist revised or higher, that's about 1% of the population.	在精神病检查表上, 修改或提高, 大约1%的人口。
688	Narcissistic personality disorder, so again, very extreme levels of those traits, enough	神经性人格障碍,所以,再次,非常极端的这些特征,够了
689	to warrant a diagnosis, that would be 2 to 5%.	诊断结果为2%至5%。
690	We don't have clinical cutoffs for sadism and Machiavellianism.	我们没有治疗虐待症和马奇雅维利主义的临床断层。
691	What we do have is a ton of data of people who have completed self-report questionnaires.	我们确实掌握了完成自我报告问卷调查的人的大量数据。
692	So like one way that you can kind of get a sense of how many people are high on these	所以,就像一种方式,你可以一种感觉有多少人高在这些
693	traits is by looking at the proportion of people who on average agree with the items.	其特征是研究平均同意这些项目的人口比例。
694	Like if I say, I am a born leader, to what extent do you agree with that?	如果我说,我是天生的领袖,你在多大程度上同意这一点?
695	That's a narcissism item.	这是一个自恋项目。
696	If you say, yeah, I agree with that.	如果你说,是的,我同意这一点。
697	To what extent do you say, you like to see other people get hurt, say sadism trait?	你说你喜欢看到别人受伤说虐待症的特征吗?
698	Yeah, I agree with that, right?	我同意,对吧?
699	So if you just look at the people who on average agree with the items that we use to self-report,	所以,如果你只是看看人们谁平均同意我们用来自我报告的项目,
700	assess these traits, it's about 10% of the population.	评估这些特征大约占人口的10%
701	And where does this come from?	这是从哪里来的?
702	Does this come from childhood trauma?	这是来自童年的创伤吗?
703	When you think about some of these individuals you have on these photos in front of you here,	当你想起你面前这些照片上的一些人时
704	where do you think their antisocial or dark triad or dark personality behaviour stems from?	你觉得他们的反社会或黑暗的三合会或黑暗的人格行为从何而来?
705	Is it something that happened in their childhood?	是他们小时候发生的事吗?
706	Is it genetics?	是遗传学吗?
707	Is it something else?	是别的东西吗?
708	The answer is both.	答案是两个。
709	So the research suggests that with respect to psychopathy, narcissism, quite similar,	因此研究显示,对于精神病,自恋,相当相似,
710	the variation in someone's score on that personality trait is about 50% genetic	一个人在性格特征上的分数变化大约50%是遗传性的
711	and about 50% environmental experiences.	和大约50%的环境经验。
712	And so it can in some ways make us realise that these people didn't ask to be this way	因此,在某些方面,它可以让我们意识到这些人并没有要求这样
713	because you don't get to choose your parents, so you don't get to choose your genetics.	因为你没有选择你的父母, 所以你没有选择你的遗传。
714	And then when it comes to those environmental experiences, often they're	然后,当涉及到这些环境经验, 他们常常是
715	like early life experiences and not good ones.	像早期的生活经历而不是好的。
716	So research suggests that abuse, really kind of cold uncaring parenting style early in life	因此,研究显示虐待, 真的很冷漠的不照顾父母的方式在早期
717	can increase the likelihood that someone will have higher levels of these traits later in life.	能够增加某人在后世拥有更高水平的这些特征的可能性.
718	For narcissism, another variable is like over-evaluation of a child early in life	对于自恋,另一个变数是童年早期的过度评价
719	may lead to more narcissistic abuse later.	以后可能会出现更多的自恋症。
720	What does that mean, over-evaluation?	这是什么意思,过度评价?
721	So there's one study, it was a longitudinal study, and they asked parents like the extent	所以有一个研究,这是一个纵向研究, 他们问父母喜欢的程度
722	to which they told their kids like, you're special, you're like better than other kids.	他们告诉他们的孩子喜欢, 你是特殊的, 你比其他的孩子更好。
723	And the more the kids got that kind of feedback,	孩子们得到的反馈越多
724	the more likely they were to be more narcissistic later down the road.	以后他们越是自恋
725	They thought they were exceptional, they thought they were entitled to things that	他们觉得自己很特别他们觉得自己有权利享受
726	other people were not entitled to.	其他人没有权利
727	And that's different than self-esteem.	这和自尊不同
728	We want our kids to have high self-esteem, we want them to know that they are cared for and worthy.	我们希望我们的孩子有很高的自尊,我们希望他们知道,他们受到照顾和值得.
729	That comes from something different, that comes from a warm, responsive parenting style.	这来自于不同的东西, 来自于一种温暖,反应灵敏的育儿风格。
730	In that study, I was thinking about causation, and I was wondering if the parents themselves	在研究中,我在考虑因果关系, 我在想父母是否自己
731	had a genetic disposition to be narcissistic, is it conceivable that they then spoke highly	他们的基因倾向是自恋的, 难道他们可以想象,然后会高谈阔论
732	to their children, and actually maybe it wasn't the nurturing part, it was their nature, i.e.	和他们的孩子们, 实际上,也许这不是养育部分,这是他们的本性,即。
733	that child also shared the genetics as the parent who had the proclivity to	那孩子还分享了遗传学,作为父母亲,他们愿意
734	tell them that they were the most amazing thing ever, does that make sense?	告诉他们,这是有史以来最神奇的事情, 这有道理吗?
735	Totally, I mean, mostly I think about this in the context of psychopathy,	完全的,我的意思是, 多数情况下,我想到这一点在精神病的背景,
736	sometimes you've got a perfect storm, right?	有时候你有一个完美的风暴,对不对?
737	So you might have a parent who has really high levels of these traits, so they're passing on	所以,你可能有一个父母谁真的高水平这些特征,所以他们流传
738	that potential genetic risk factor, but if you've got someone, a parent in your household who is	但是如果你有个人的话家里的一位家长
739	callous, manipulative, impulsive, it's going to be very difficult to maintain a pretty stable	无情的操纵的冲动的很难维持一个很稳定的
740	home life for that child.	那个孩子的家庭生活
741	And so they might end up experiencing, you know, some of those like abuse and cold kind	这样他们可能会经历,你知道, 一些喜欢虐待和冷酷的种类
742	of parenting styles that are also environmental risk factors for developing psychopathy later	父母养育的作风,也是日后产生精神病的环境风险因素;
743	in life.	在生活中。。。
744	So they kind of get like a double whammy.	所以,他们有点像一个双击。
745	From all the research you've done, and all the studying of these dark personality traits	从你做的所有研究以及研究这些黑暗的个性特征
746	you've done and self-esteem and everything in between, is there any way to increase one's	你做了自尊和一切在两者之间, 有没有办法增加一个人的
747	probability of being a good parent?	做一个好父母的可能性?
748	Like from everything you've seen, what is the right	就像你所看到的,什么是正确的
749	approach?	方法吗?
750	I know that's a difficult thing to say because kids are all different.	我知道这很难说因为孩子们都不一样
751	I mean, warm and responsive parenting, is it?	我的意思是,温暖和反应灵敏的育儿,是吗?
752	Like when you look at treatment for kids who	就像你看着孩子的治疗
753	are showing early warning signs of these callous and unemotional traits, that's the treatment that	显示这些冷酷无情特征的预警迹象这就是治疗方法
754	seems to work.	看来有用
755	And actually, that's kind of like the silver lining in this whole, you know,	实际上,这有点像银河系在这个整体,你知道,
756	dark research area, is that early intervention with kids really can help reduce the likelihood	黑暗的研究领域, 是早期干预儿童真的可以帮助降低可能性
757	of them developing high levels of psychopathic traits as they grow older.	这些人随着年龄的增长而发展出高度的精神病特征。
758	And usually it's like, it's training parents.	通常它就像, 它的训练父母。
759	You know, it's not like a kid comes in and talks	你知道,这不像一个孩子进来说话
760	to a therapist like once a week and then we're good, right?	像每周一次的治疗师, 然后我们很好,对不对?
761	It's more training parents about	更能训练父母
762	how to respond in ways that don't like escalate, kind of create these kind of like dominance	如何反应的方式不喜欢升级, 那种创造这种像支配地位
763	contests when the kid acts out, but also to reinforce and kind of model this warm and	当孩子出场时, 还要加强和这种模式温暖和
764	responsiveness.	反应能力。
765	But what's fascinating about psychopathy and callous and unemotional traits	但精神变态冷酷无情
766	in kids, is that they tend to be not very responsive to punishment, they're very responsive	在孩子身上,他们往往对惩罚反应不大,非常反应迅速
767	to rewards.	奖励。
768	So if you see kids doing something kind or helpful, the like parent-child interaction	所以,如果你看到孩子做一些善良或帮助, 像父母与孩子的互动
769	training teaches parents to repeat what they said, say that was a very kind thing to say,	训练教父母重述他们的话说这话真好听
770	just like repeating, showing, responding to them, paying attention to their behavior when they do	就像重复,展示,回应, 当他们这样做时注意他们的行为
771	something good or kind, reinforcing it and giving that attention to increase the likelihood that	某种好或好的东西, 强化它, 并给予这种关注增加可能性
772	you see it in the future.	你将来会看到
773	And so the inverse of that in terms of a bad way to respond to a child	因此,反之以坏的方式回应一个孩子
774	that might lead to some of these dark personality traits in the future would be?	将来这些阴暗的个性特征会是什么?
775	A cold and	感冒,还有...
776	unresponsive parenting, getting angry, getting frustrated with them, I mean, physically harming	没有反应的养育,生气, 对他们感到沮丧, 我的意思是,身体伤害
777	them, that's child abuse is associated with increased likelihood of developing these traits	虐待儿童与发展这些特征的可能性增加有关
778	over time.	随着时间的推移。
779	You mentioned dominating in terms of dominating conversation, trying to outdo them.	你提到主导对话试图超越他们
780	Yeah, so, I mean, and this is something that I think is not exclusive to parenting kids with	是啊,所以,我的意思是, 这件事,我认为并不只是为孩子做父母
781	CU traits, but sometimes, you know, if a kid is having a tantrum, you'll like, you'll see a	CU的特征,但有时,你知道, 如果一个孩子有暴躁,你会喜欢,你会看到一个
782	parent saying like, no, you can't have that.	父母说,不,你不能有。
783	And then they'll like, you know, increase the tantrum	然后,他们会喜欢,你知道, 增加脾气
784	level and like, no, you can't have that.	水平和喜欢,不, 你不能有。
785	But then once it gets to a certain point, you like give in,	但一旦它到了某一点, 你喜欢屈服,
786	right?	对吧?
787	What that teaches is that you just need to escalate your behaviour.	它的教训是,你只需要提升你的行为。
788	You need to continue to	你需要继续
789	like dominate your parent, like kick it up a notch, kick it up a notch, and then at some point you're	就像支配你的父母, 像踢它一个音节,踢它一个音节, 然后在某个时刻,你是
790	going to win as a kid.	小时候会赢
791	So that kind of parenting is not going to extinguish the negative behaviour	所以这种养育是不会消除消极行为的
792	very effectively.	相当有效
793	And there's a brain scan there in front of you.	在你面前有一个大脑扫描。
794	What is that brain scan?	脑部扫描是什么?
795	This is a scan of functional MRI.	这是功能核磁共振扫描
796	So what they're pointing out there is the prefrontal cortex.	所以他们所说的是前额皮层。
797	So	这么说
798	research suggests that people who have high levels of psychopathy tend to have less active	研究表明,精神病高发者往往不那么活跃。
799	and less connected prefrontal cortex.	还有连接较少的前额皮层.
800	That's associated with impulse control.	这和冲动控制有关
801	It's also	还有
802	associated with kind of moral reasoning, moral thinking.	与道德推理,道德思维有关
803	If their, you know, brains are less	如果他们的大脑越来越少
804	same, moral or active during the same, moral or active during the same, moral or active during	同一期间的道德或活动
805	the same, moral or active during the same, moral or active during the same, moral or active during	相同、道德或活跃于同一期间、道德或活跃于同一期间、道德或活跃于同一期间或

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P2 · 如何识别有毒的人｜UBC心理学教授 p02 下 (P2)

如何识别有毒的人｜UBC心理学教授 p02 下 (P2)

发布于 2026-11-01 · 时长 59:55

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:00	of during the same moral or impulse control task in those regions, this might help us	在那些地区执行同样的道德或冲动控制任务时,这可能帮助我们
0:06	to explain why they're more likely to behave impulsively, to, you know, not be empathetic	解释为什么他们更可能行为冲动,你知道的, 不同情
0:13	to other people.	给别人
0:14	There's also the amygdala, which I don't think you can see on here,	还有阿米格达拉我想你看不到
0:17	but – and it's on the inside.	但是 - 它的内在。
0:19	You can open it up.	你可以打开它。
0:20	Oh, okay.	哦,还好。
0:21	Let's see.	让我看看。
0:22	So, other research on psychopathy suggests that the amygdala,	因此,其他关于精神病的研究表明,阿米格达拉,
0:27	which is deep within our brain, is also associated with emotional response, particularly fear.	和情感反应有关特别是恐惧

展开字幕全文（1198 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	of during the same moral or impulse control task in those regions, this might help us	在那些地区执行同样的道德或冲动控制任务时,这可能帮助我们
2	to explain why they're more likely to behave impulsively, to, you know, not be empathetic	解释为什么他们更可能行为冲动,你知道的, 不同情
3	to other people.	给别人
4	There's also the amygdala, which I don't think you can see on here,	还有阿米格达拉我想你看不到
5	but – and it's on the inside.	但是 - 它的内在。
6	You can open it up.	你可以打开它。
7	Oh, okay.	哦,还好。
8	Let's see.	让我看看。
9	So, other research on psychopathy suggests that the amygdala,	因此,其他关于精神病的研究表明,阿米格达拉,
10	which is deep within our brain, is also associated with emotional response, particularly fear.	和情感反应有关特别是恐惧
11	And so we know that people with high levels of psychopathy tend to have – they experience	因此,我们知道, 高水平的精神病患者往往有,他们经历
12	pretty low fear, and they're not very good at, like, aversive conditioning, right?	相当低的恐惧, 他们不是很擅长, 像,逆向调节,对不对?
13	So,	这么说
14	like, if we get punished for something, we learn that whenever we, you know, come up	喜欢,如果我们被惩罚的东西, 我们学会,每当我们,你知道,上来
15	against that stimuli again in the future, we're like, oh, that turned out really badly	以后再与这种刺激作对,我们就像,哦,结果很糟
16	last time.	上次是那个
17	I'm going to avoid that.	我会避免的
18	So amygdalas in people with high levels of psychopathy	精神病发作程度高的患者中
19	tend to be both smaller and less active.	往往既较小,也不太活跃。
20	So there is, like, you know, brain differences,	所以,有一样,你知道, 大脑差异,
21	neurological differences between people with high levels and low levels of psychopathy.	高水平和低水平精神病患者之间的神经系统差异。
22	So I guess this begs the question, that if someone has those traits you've described	所以我想这很麻烦如果有人有你描述的特质
23	or if there are any one of these four things in this dark triad, these dark personality	如果这四样东西中有任何一种黑暗的三角形,这些黑暗的个性
24	traits, can they be cured?	特质,可以治愈吗?
25	So some change is possible, but I mean, some.	所以有些改变是可能的,但我的意思是,有些。
26	Some being an operative word there.	一些人在那里是一个执行语。
27	So most	所以大多数
28	of the research we have on psychopathy in particular comes from criminal offenders.	我们有关精神病的研究尤其来自罪犯。
29	So individuals who are incarcerated have to take part in some treatment while they're	因此,被监禁的个人必须参加一些治疗,同时他们
30	inside.	进去
31	And the research finds that they're not particularly motivated to change.	而研究发现它们并没有特别的改变动机.
32	So that's	这么说吧
33	a big problem with, like, all of these things, because they don't particularly care about	一大问题,喜欢,所有这些东西, 因为他们并不特别关心
34	other people.	别人。
35	And it tends to be other people that they are hurting with their behavior.	他们的行为往往伤害着其他人。
36	And so it's like, why would I change?	我为什么要改变?
37	This is like a you problem, not a me problem, right?	这就像你的问题,而不是我的问题,对不对?
38	So motivation can be difficult to come by with this population.	因此,动机可能很难通过与这些人口。
39	But if they do consistently	但是如果他们坚持
40	engage in cognitive behavioral therapies, you can reduce the likelihood of recidivism.	参与认知行为疗法,可以降低累犯的可能性.
41	So the likelihood that they will reoffend upon release.	因此,他们被释放后重新犯罪的可能性。
42	Again, we're talking about	再说一遍我们说的是
43	incarcerated individuals.	被监禁者。
44	When it comes to lower levels of these traits, it's really	说到这些特征的较低水平,其实是
45	interesting research by Nathan Hudson had people do these agreeableness challenges.	内森·哈德森的有趣研究让人们做了这些令人愉快的挑战。
46	And agreeableness is kind of like the opposite of these traits.	同意性与这些特征正好相反。
47	So you would just ping them	所以,你只是按他们
48	on their smartphone every day and would say like, oh, you should give a compliment to	每天在他们的智能手机上都会说你应该赞美一下
49	You should reach out to a friend and just offer them some encouragement.	你应该和朋友联系给他们一些鼓励
50	You should,	你应该
51	you know, buy coffee for the person behind you in line at the cafe today.	今天在咖啡馆为后面的人买咖啡
52	These little	这些小
53	things where people were encouraged to be kind, be helpful to other people, to see other	那些鼓励人们善待他人帮助他人去看别人
54	people's perspectives, and people who actually followed through on those did report having	人们的观点, 以及那些真正关注这些观点的人报告说,
55	lower levels of these traits after four months than at the start.	四个月后,这些特征的水平低于开始时的水平。
56	And in your book, under the section that says hard truths, dark personalities persist, you	在你的书里,在说真话的章节下,黑暗的个性持续着,你
57	write poisonous people aren't likely to change very much.	写毒虫不会有很大变化
58	Personality traits are by	个性特征是由
59	definition enduring.	定义持久。
60	Although some evolution of our character happens naturally, it takes	虽然我们的性格有些进化是自然的,但需要
61	decade data suggests that people become a bit more agreeable over time.	十年的数据表明,随着时间推移,人们变得比较容易接受。
62	And research	还有研究
63	with incarcerated men finds that even those with clinical levels of psychopathy are less	发现即使是那些有精神病的病人
64	likely to reoffend as they get older.	可能会随着年龄的增长而重新犯罪
65	Even so, waiting it out is likely to be a painful	虽然如此,等待它出来很可能是一个痛苦的
66	strategy.	战略。
67	One study asked more than a thousand people who knew individuals who were psychopathic	一项研究询问了一千多名认识精神病患者的人。
68	for a long time, whether their behaviour had improved past the age of 50.	很久以来,他们的行为是否已经超过50岁。
69	Almost all respondents,	几乎所有答复者,
70	93%, said that as researchers put it, quote, the behaviour was just as bad or worse after	93%的人说,研究者说, 引文,行为同样糟糕或更糟
71	age 50 than it had been previously.	50岁比以前多
72	Just as bad or worse.	亦复如是恶或更恶.
73	Mm hmm.	垛
74	I mean, this is our personality, right?	我的意思是,这是我们的人格,对不对?
75	So it's kind of like asking a tiger to change	所以,这有点像要求老虎改变
76	their stripes.	他们的条纹。
77	So if you're not motivated to do it, as we know, people with these traits	所以,如果你没有动机这样做,我们知道,人有这些特征
78	tend not to be very motivated.	往往没有很大的动机。
79	That's where that, you know, 90 some percent of folks come	这就是,你知道, 90%的人来
80	in.	进去
81	It's like they're not, they're not dramatically changing unless they find some	他们好像没有,他们不会大变除非他们找到一些
82	reason to do so.	这样做的理由。
83	One of the smartest things a business can do is build like a bigger company without	企业最聪明的一件事就是像大公司一样建设
84	actually hiring like one.	实际雇用像一个。
85	But the problem we all face is that most companies don't have	但我们都面临的问题是大多数公司都没有
86	every skill in house.	家里的每个技能
87	So when I look at the businesses seeing real success today, the	所以,当我看企业看到真正的成功今天,
88	consistent pattern with all of them is how quickly they move.	与所有它们一致的规律是它们移动多快.
89	They bring in specialists	他们带来专家
90	with skills in emerging areas to keep themselves ahead.	拥有新兴领域的技能,以保持领先。
91	Even in our company, we spent the last	即使在我们公司,我们花了最后一笔
92	year pulling in talent across areas like AI native strategy, no code builds and product	年度吸引人才跨越AI本土战略等领域,没有建立代码和产品
93	workflows.	工作流程。
94	And we find this talent through our longtime partner, Fiverr Pro.	我们通过我们的长期伴侣,Fiverr Pro 找到这种天赋。
95	Their premium	他们的保费
96	service only shows you vetted talent.	服务只显示你被审查的天赋。
97	So you've always got the safeguard that anyone you pull	所以,你总是有保障任何人你拉
98	in to help you with a complex project has the skills that you're after and will deliver	帮助你完成一个复杂的项目拥有你所追求的技能并且会提供
99	to the same high standards as your internal team.	和你的内部团队一样高标准
100	And most importantly, they'll keep up	最重要的是,他们会跟上
101	with the pace.	以节奏。
102	It's a simple strategy, but it lets us stay agile without compromising	这是一个简单的策略,但它让我们保持敏捷不妥协
103	on quality.	关于质量。
104	So if you need these kind of skills in your business, head to pro.fiverr.com to	因此,如果你需要这种技能在你的生意, 头到pro.
105	find pioneering talent to fill your business's gaps.	找到开拓性人才来填补你的生意空白.
106	这是pro.fiverr.com的你好,我没有
107	able to make that finance meeting.	能够召开金融会议。
108	Can you tell me what I missed?	你能告诉我我错过了什么吗?
109	What I have in front	我前面的东西
110	我是Whileper Flow的新收音机
111	And for me, it's been an absolute game changer.	对我来说,它是一个绝对的游戏改变者。
112	I spend most of my life sat in very, very long meetings with lots of different teams	我一生中的大部分时间都和很多不同的团队在很长很长的时间里会面
113	and lots of different departments.	很多不同的部门。
114	In any given week, I could have 40, 50 meetings and	在任何一周,我可以有 40,50次会议和
115	sometimes more.	有时更多。
116	But also I sit in podcasts where lots of very interesting things get	我也坐在播客里有很多有趣的东西
117	said.	说
118	And I need to focus on the conversation.	我需要专注于对话。
119	What Whisper Flow's note taker does for me	"Whileper Flow的笔记"收录者对我所做的一切
120	is it captures the entire context of everything that's happened throughout my entire week.	是它记录了我整个星期所发生的一切
121	It labels who the people are that said what.	上面标注了那些人说了什么
122	And I can ask it for things that I might have	我可以要求它的东西我可能有
123	forgotten, for actions, things that I said I would do that I haven't yet done.	忘记了,作为行动, 我说我会做那些我还没有做。
124	It's	这是
125	building this sort of broader context of everything that's happening in my life.	造就我生命中所发生的一切
126	And it's incredible,	这是不可思议的,
127	incredible superpower.	不可思议的超能力。
128	I love the fact that so many of you come up to me in the street	我喜欢你们这么多人在街上来找我
129	because you know I'm an investor in Whisper Flow and tell me how much it's changed your	因为你知道我是Whisper Flow的投资者告诉我它改变了多少
130	life.	活着
131	It is the worst kept secret in productivity.	这是生产力方面最糟糕的秘密。
132	狦稱秨碞 whisper
133	slash Stephen to download it right now and give it a try.	砍Stephen把它下载下来试试看
134	And once you try it, I think	一旦你尝试,我想
135	you realize why we let them sponsor this podcast.	你知道为什么我们让他们赞助这个播客。
136	It's amazing.	不可思议.
137	Is there anything else in this bucket that you find interesting?	这桶里还有别的东西你觉得有趣吗?
138	Because I know you may	因为我知道你可能
139	or may not be working on a book that really focuses on deception.	也可能不是在写一本真正注重欺骗的书
140	But is there anything	但有没有什么
141	else that we haven't covered here that you think is pertinent or any research that you	否则,我们没有覆盖在这里,你认为相关或任何研究你
142	uncovered that was fascinating?	发现那很迷人吗?
143	So in my lab right now, I've become increasingly fascinated with how we respond to people who	所以现在在我的实验室里我越来越迷上我们如何回应那些
144	are lying to us when we're not suspicious at all.	当我们毫不怀疑的时候对我们撒谎
145	Because most of the research is like,	因为大部分研究都像,
146	I give you a bunch of videos, and I tell you some of these people are lying, some are telling	我给你一些视频, 我告诉你,有些人在撒谎,有些人在说
147	the truth, and you make judgments about them.	真理,你当判决他们。
148	But that's not how real life works like at	但现实生活不是这样的
149	all, right?	好吗?
150	So usually, we're having some sort of interaction with people.	所以通常,我们和人们有某种互动。
151	No one comes	没人来
152	in and says, you need to judge the veracity of this person.	你得判断这个人的真实性
153	We're just having a conversation.	我们只是聊聊天
154	And so I've been really interested in how conversations unfold, how interactions unfold	所以我一直很感兴趣如何对话如何互动
155	when one person is lying and the other person is just like, none the wiser.	当一个人在说谎而另一个人就像, 没有一个更聪明。
156	And so we keep	所以我们继续
157	finding these pretty small but consistent effects that people feel less close to their	发现这些微小但持续的影响人们感觉不太接近他们
158	interaction partner when someone is lying to them.	当有人在骗他们时,就成为互动伙伴。
159	Close.	关闭。
160	Yeah.	对
161	So we actually had this study where we got people to just converse, right?	所以,我们实际上有这个研究我们让人们只是交谈,对不对?
162	Talk	说话
163	to a stranger.	对一个陌生人。
164	One person was told to lie in response to everything.	一个人被告知要撒谎,以应对一切。
165	The other person	另一个人
166	had no idea that was going on.	没想到会这样
167	And at the end of that study, the dyads that had a liar	在研究结束时那些骗子们
168	in them said, I feel less connected to this other person than dyads where both people	在他们说,我感觉与另一个人的联系不如二人
169	were telling the truth.	说的是实话
170	And so we also found that the more lies that people tell, they	所以我们也发现人们越多的谎言,他们
171	just self-report on how much they lie in their everyday life, the more lonely they feel.	只是自我报告他们的日常生活中有多少谎言, 他们越感到孤独。
172	And so we're finding this kind of bi-directional effect.	所以我们发现了这种双向效应。
173	And I think often people lie to spare	我想人们经常撒谎以示宽恕
174	the feelings of others.	别人的感情
175	That's for the average person, not necessarily these traits here,	这是普通人, 不一定这些特征在这里,
176	but for the average person, most of the lies that we tell are pro-social in nature.	但对于普通人来说,我们所讲的大多数谎言都是亲社会的。
177	Like,	喜欢,
178	I tell you a lie because I don't want to hurt your feelings.	我说谎是因为我不想伤害你的感情
179	But we are finding that that	但我们发现
180	actually creates this like social distance between us as opposed to bringing us closer	其实我们之间的社交距离不像让我们更接近
181	together.	一起来
182	And so I've been really interested in just kind of like the negative impacts	所以我一直很感兴趣就像负面的影响
183	of telling lies, even when we do it for quote unquote good reasons.	谎言,即使我们这样做引用未引用的好理由。
184	In that you talked about how when, if we were both sat down and you were asked to lie to	你说过,如果我们都坐下来你被要求撒谎
185	I would walk away feeling like I was less close, i.e.	我就会觉得自己不太亲近
186	slash connected to you.	与你相连的斜线。
187	What is	这是什么
188	it in your, in your behaviour or in my perception that you think is causing this feeling of	它在你,在你的行为或在我看来,你认为造成这种感觉
189	disconnection?	断开?
190	So we are finding that people who are lying are perceived as less warm.	因此,我们发现,说谎的人被认为不那么温和。
191	They're perceived	他们被感觉到了
192	as less competent.	更不称职
193	They're perceived as less moral.	他们被认为道德水平较低.
194	Also, if we think about like some of	而且,如果我们想像一些
195	the cues of deception that we talked about earlier, when people give relatively few details	我们之前谈到的骗局, 当时人们给出的细节相对较少
196	about themselves, conversations are based on this reciprocal exchange, right?	关于他们自己,对话是基于这种对等交换,对不对?
197	Like I	喜欢我
198	tell you something about myself, you tell me something about yourself, and like we start	告诉你一些关于我自己的事, 你告诉我一些关于你自己的事,
199	to know each other, right?	认识对方,对不对?
200	And so if you've got someone who's lying to you, they're giving	所以,如果你有谁骗你,他们给予
201	you less information about themselves, for example.	比如说,你对自己的信息较少。
202	And so I don't feel like I know you	所以我不觉得自己认识你
203	at the end of our conversation.	在谈话结束时
204	Even though I'm not like actively suspicious that you're	虽然我不是那种怀疑你的人
205	lying to me about your likes and your interests and what you did on Friday afternoon, it comes	对我撒谎关于你的喜好和兴趣和你星期五下午做的事,它来了
206	across because you gave me less information.	因为你给我的信息少了
207	And that maybe I think he didn't really want	也许我想他不想
208	to talk to me.	跟我说话。
209	I mean, I'm so fascinated by this, the fact that you have a lab that tests this stuff.	我是说,我对这个很着迷你有一个实验室来测试这些东西
210	What are some of the fascinating questions you've gone in search of answers for in your	你为寻找答案而问的这些令人着迷的问题是什么?
211	lab?	实验室?
212	One that I love is how much sympathy people feel for individuals who are lying or telling	我最爱的就是人们对撒谎或告诉别人的人的同情
213	the truth about how sad they are.	他们有多伤心的真相
214	So like think back to the pleaders, right, that we	所以,像想回想律师,对,我们
215	talked about.	谈起过
216	If you look at this face, right, versus this face, like how much empathy do	如果你看着这张脸,对,对着这张脸, 就像多少同情
217	you have for that person?	你有这个人吗?
218	How sad do you feel?	你有多伤心?
219	How willing are you to donate money to whatever	你愿意捐钱给什么
220	cause they're looking for?	因为他们在找?
221	So like we studied this with the pleaders that we talked about.	就像我们和我们讨论过的请愿者研究过一样。
222	So people who went on TV and asked for help trying to find their missing loved one, half	所以那些上电视求救的人想找到他们失踪的亲人一半
223	of whom were actually responsible for killing that person they pleaded to find.	这些人对杀害他们要求找到的人负有实际责任。
224	And we showed	我们展示
225	people again, they weren't aware that some of these folks were lying and some were telling	他们不知道有些人在撒谎有些人在说
226	the truth, but we showed them these videos and we said, how much sympathy do you feel	真相,但我们给他们看这些视频我们说,你有多同情
227	for this person who's asking for help trying to find the missing individual?	这个人是谁在寻求帮助寻找失踪的人?
228	And how much	多少钱
229	money would you donate to a theoretical GoFundMe that would like help support the search for	你愿意捐钱给一个理论上的GoFundMe吗?
230	this missing person?	这个失踪的人?
231	And we find really consistently that people are more willing to donate money	我们发现人们更愿意捐钱
232	to the genuine pleaders relative to the deceptive ones and they feel more kind of sympathy and	与那些欺骗者相对的真诚的恳求者他们更同情
233	compassion for them, even though they're not, you know, they don't know that some of these	同情他们,尽管他们不是,你知道, 他们不知道其中一些
234	folks are actually like deceptive murderers.	人们其实就像欺骗性杀人犯
235	And the effects are like, you know, not gigantic,	效果就像,你知道, 不是巨大的,
236	but it does suggest that like we're not completely clueless moving through the world.	但它确实表明,我们不是完全无能地穿越世界。
237	But when	但何时
238	we reduce it to a simple binary, is this person lying or telling the truth?	我们把它简化为一个简单的二进制, 这个人是说谎还是说实话?
239	We lose a lot	我们输了很多
240	of kind of like the nuance of how we move through our relationships and like, oh, I'm	有点像我们如何通过我们的关系的细微变化
241	feeling kind of close to this person, closer to that person.	感觉有点接近这个人更接近那个人
242	I'm willing to help this person	我愿意帮助这个人
243	more than that person.	比那个人还要多
244	Yeah.	对
245	So those are the kinds of things I've been interested in.	这些都是我感兴趣的事情。
246	我和Vanessa van Edwards在播客上谈过几次她经常做
247	of stuff around like body language and how you show up and she talks about warmth and	身体语言之类的东西还有你如何出现她谈到温暖
248	competence and how some people can over index on warmth.	能力,以及一些人如何通过指数在温暖。
249	And maybe that brings them down on	也许这让他们失望
250	competence or they can over index on competence, but be less warm.	能力或者他们可以超越能力指数,但不要那么热。
251	Wanted to know if you had a	想知道你有没有
252	perspective on this, like how through your research and through all the studies you've done,	关于这一点,比如如何通过你的研究通过你所做的所有研究,
253	can you be warm and competent at the same time?	你能同时温暖和胜任吗?
254	Or is there a bit of a trade off?	还是有一点交换?
255	And like,	喜欢,
256	even use the word warmth a second ago, what is it to be a warm person?	甚至用温暖这个词在一秒钟前, 它是什么是一个温暖的人?
257	Is it to be like, how?	感觉怎么样?
258	No, it's like, it is the sense that someone is kind and honest and trustworthy.	不,这就像,这是一种感觉某人是善良,诚实和值得信赖的。
259	It is your	这是你的
260	benevolent intentions toward another person, right?	善意的对另一个人,对不对?
261	So we trust people to the extent that they are	因此,我们信任人们的程度
262	both warm and competent in the sense that like, I'm going to trust you if I think you have	既温暖又能胜任那种感觉,如果我觉得你有的话我会信任你
263	benevolent intentions toward me, that I think you like want to be kind to me.	对我好,我想你喜欢对我好
264	But also if I	但如果我
265	think you can actually execute on that thing, like do you have the competence, the ability	认为你实际上可以执行在那个东西, 就像你有能力,能力
266	to actually, you know, do that thing, make that connection for me at work, right?	实际上,你知道的,做那件事, 使这种连接我的工作,对不对?
267	It's like,	这就像,
268	if you are just warm, but like you've got no, you don't have like the ability to back it up,	如果你只是暖和,但像你有没有,你没有像能力备份,
269	then we tend to trust those individuals less.	那我们就更不信任这些人了
270	So this warmth, high warmth,	因此,这个温暖,高温,
271	high competence tends to be associated with high trustworthiness.	能力高往往与信誉高有关。
272	And does high warmth come with certain behaviors?	高温是否伴随着某些行为?
273	Yeah, I mean, one is just smiling.	是啊,我的意思是,一个只是微笑。
274	Eye contact, you know, it reminds me of the research by Alison Woodbrook, so I know has	眼睛接触,你知道,它让我想起艾莉森·伍德布鲁克的研究, 所以我知道
275	been here before as well.	以前也来过这里
276	And, you know, being engaged and interested in your conversation	而且,你知道, 订婚和感兴趣与你的谈话
277	partner, right?	搭档,对吧?
278	These like immediacy cues, like you're leaning in, you're paying attention,	这就像即时提示, 像你倾斜, 你注意,
279	you are smiling, you're making eye contact, these things are associated with warmth.	你在笑,你在做眼睛接触, 这些东西与温暖有关。
280	What about resting bitch face?	那休息的婊子脸呢?
281	I am occasionally guilty of this thing when I concentrate.	当我专心的时候我偶尔会犯错
282	So when we have very little	所以,当我们很少
283	information about a person, we're just trying to pick up on anything, right?	一个人的信息,我们只是试图得到任何东西,对不对?
284	In their body	在他们身上
285	language, their nonverbal behavior, to try to make an assessment of them.	语言,他们的非言语行为, 试图对它们进行评估。
286	If we've just got like	如果我们刚刚得到像
287	a quick look at your face, and there's a bit of a scowl on it, that signals to us anger.	快速的看你的脸, 和上面有一点点的 s, 这给我们的愤怒。
288	And anger	愤怒
289	is not a very, that's not a warm thing, right?	这不是一个非常, 这不是一个温暖的东西,对不对?
290	And so that tends to decrease our perceived	因此,这往往会减少我们的感知
291	trustworthiness of people.	信任人们。
292	Any other fascinating questions you've pursued in your lab?	你在实验室里还找过什么有趣的问题吗?
293	So I've been really interested in psychopathy, as it relates to like leadership outcomes.	所以我对精神病很感兴趣, 因为它涉及到领导的结果。
294	So	这么说
295	whenever I finished my PhD, I was trying to figure out what I was going to do next.	当我完成我的博士, 我试图找出我下一步要做什么。
296	And I was kind of	我有点
297	bummed out thinking about murder all the time.	一直想着谋杀
298	I was like, I really love these topics, but I got to	我很喜欢这些话题但我必须
299	go somewhere else and like think about this in a different context.	去别的地方,喜欢考虑在不同的背景。
300	It was shortly after like the	刚过不久
301	Bernie Madoff Ponzi scheme kind of fell apart.	伯尼·麦道夫·庞齐计划崩溃了
302	And I was like, oh, maybe like business school.	我就像是,哦,也许像商学院。
303	Like I could go to a different context and study these same like personality traits just in a	就像我可以去不同的背景研究这些就像个性特征一样
304	different area.	不同区域。
305	And I was also interested in like this notion of a successful psychopathy,	我对这个精神病人成功的概念也很感兴趣
306	because like since really early descriptions of psychopathy, there's been this suggestion that	因为就像早期对精神病的描述一样有一种暗示是
307	these traits can actually help you to succeed, right?	这些特征可以帮助你成功对吧?
308	And I often hear that from people where	我经常从人们那里听到
309	they're like, yeah, like that's terrible behavior, but like, you know, sometimes that helps, right?	他们喜欢,是的,喜欢这是可怕的行为, 但喜欢,你知道, 有时有帮助,对不对?
310	And I'm like, does it?	而我喜欢,是吗?
311	Like, what does the data say on that?	数据上怎么说的?
312	所以我和Dacher Keltner一起工作
313	Oh, Dacher's been here as well.	达彻也来过了
314	Has he?	是吗?
315	I love that guy.	我爱那家伙。
316	He's so wonderful.	他真厉害
317	I love him.	我爱他
318	And so we studied, you know, the extent to which	所以,我们研究,你知道, 程度
319	psychopathic personality traits could increase the amount of influence you have in government,	精神病人的个性特征可能会增加你对政府的影响
320	and also the amount of money that you make as a hedge fund manager.	以及你作为对冲基金经理所赚的钱数额。
321	Those are kind of the two	两者都是一样
322	cont- because I was like these hyper competitive contexts, right?	因为我就像这些竞争激烈的环境,对吧?
323	Where maybe in government,	也许在政府,
324	you can kind of like backstab and backroom deals and whatever.	你可以有点像后台后室交易之类的
325	They might be able,	他们也许可以
326	you might be able to get lots of co-sponsors on your bills if you're using kind of these	如果你用这些钱的话,你可能会得到很多的赞助商
327	backroom tactics.	后室战术。
328	And then I thought with respect to money, maybe you're willing to	然后我想到钱也许你愿意
329	take more risks, right?	冒更多的风险,对不对?
330	You're willing to cut people or companies down in public.	你愿意在公众场合砍掉人或公司
331	You're not so worried about hurting other people.	你没那么担心伤害别人
332	So I of course was like, these are situations	所以我当然喜欢,这些是情况
333	where people with high levels of psychopathy can shine.	精神错乱程度高的人可以闪耀
334	Dacher was like, no, it won't be.	达彻说,不会的
335	So we	所以我们
336	were kind of pitting these like good versus evil concepts against each other.	是那种把这些像好和邪恶的概念对彼此。
337	And consistently,	并始终如一,
338	we found that high levels of psychopathy was associated with less influence in government.	我们发现高水平的精神病与政府影响力较小有关
339	It was also associated with making less money as a hedge fund manager.	它还与作为对冲基金管理人挣钱较少有关。
340	Whereas it's very like	而这就像
341	counterintuitive, I think, to people.	反直觉,我想,对人。
342	What about some of these other ones,	还有其他的呢?
343	like narcissism and Machiavellianism?	像自恋和马奇亚维尔主义?
344	What about those ones?	这些呢?
345	So it really depends on like how you define success.	这真的取决于你如何定义成功。
346	So there is some research to suggest that	所以有些研究显示
347	narcissism, Machiavellianism can be associated with kind of rising up in ranks, maybe having	自恋,马奇亚维利安主义可能与队伍上升有关
348	higher salary level.	工资水平提高。
349	But they're not associated with teams doing great, right?	但他们和球队干得不错,对吧?
350	And honestly,	说实话
351	most of the research is on psychopathy.	大部分研究都是关于精神病的
352	The work that I'm interested in is that people	我感兴趣的工作是人们
353	with high levels of psychopathy, they talk a really good game and they make people think	有高水平的精神病, 他们谈论一个非常好的游戏, 他们让人们思考
354	that they're a great tactical communicator.	他们是一个伟大的战术通讯员。
355	They're very strategic thinkers.	他们非常有战略意义
356	But if you	不过如果你
357	they say they're a terrible manager, they tend to bully their subordinates, they create a huge	他们说自己是个糟糕的经理他们经常欺负下属制造一个巨大的
358	amount of stress for other people on their team.	对团队中其他人的压力很大
359	And their teams have worse outcomes because of it.	而他们的团队也因此得到更糟糕的结果.
360	So when you're talking about team performance,	所以当你谈论团队表现时
361	you're saying narcissists typically aren't good at leading teams over the long term?	你是说自恋者通常不会长期领导队伍?
362	They tend to come across as like leadership material early on.	它们往往像早期的领导材料一样出现。
363	And there's this one study by	还有一个研究
364	Del Pallhaus, 这表现得很好。
365	It's like they had these student groups,	就像他们有这些学生团体,
366	and they worked together throughout the term.	他们在整个学期里一起工作。
367	After the first meeting, they all made judgments	第一次见面后他们都做了判决
368	about each other, how likeable they were, et cetera, et cetera, whether they seemed confident	彼此之间,他们是多么的可喜, 诸如此类的, 他们看起来是否自信
369	and smart and agreeable.	和聪明,和愉快。
370	The people who were high in narcissism came across really well in that first	那些自恋狂的人第一次遇到的非常棒
371	interaction.	互动。
372	They said they knew what they were doing.	他们说他们知道自己在做什么
373	They came across very confident.	他们遇到非常自信。
374	They seemed like they could lead.	他们似乎可以领导。
375	They wanted to lead.	他们想要领导。
376	But then as the course of the term went by,	但随着学期的过去
377	people were like, this person is actually really hostile and like doesn't do their work,	人们喜欢,这个人实际上是真正的敌意,喜欢不做他们的工作,
378	and they're a pain in the butt.	他们很烦人
379	So certainly the thing that can make narcissism look good at the	因此,肯定的东西可以使自恋看上去不错
380	outset is our confusion of confidence and competence.	首先,我们混淆了信任和能力。
381	So when someone says they can do	所以当有人说他们可以
382	something, and they say it very confidently, we're like, oh, they got this, right?	他们非常自信地说,我们就像, 哦,他们得到了这个,对不对?
383	But that's	不过
384	not the same thing as actually being able to do it.	和真正能做到的不一样
385	There's often like an assumption that people	常有这样的假设:
386	that are actors or have certain roles where they're on stage performing have high levels of some of	演员或某些角色在舞台上表演
387	these things.	这些东西。
388	Is there any truth to that at all?	这到底有什么道理吗?
389	Not to my knowledge.	据我所知,没有
390	Although, so I think where	虽然,所以我想在哪里
391	it would mostly intersect is like if you have any training in like the Stanislavski technique,	它大多会交叉就像如果你有任何训练像斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基技术,
392	which is like trying to experience an emotion.	这就像尝试体验一种情感。
393	Like if I need to portray an emotion to you,	就像如果我需要描绘一种情感给你,
394	I want to come across as genuinely sad in this scene or whatever.	我想在这个场景里遇到真正的悲伤
395	I might recall a time in which	我可能记得有一次
396	I genuinely felt sad to try to like bring that emotion up as opposed to like trying to fake it.	我真的觉得很伤心试着把情绪提升起来而不是假装
397	I try to actually feel it.	我试着真正感觉到它。
398	So that kind of training might help you to like, you know,	所以,这种培训可能会帮助你喜欢,你知道,
399	mimic some emotions.	模仿一些情绪。
400	But I don't know of any research that would suggest that actors would be	但我不知道有什么研究表明演员会是
401	higher in these traits or not.	这些特征是否更高。
402	Equally, we have some cards here, which are people's dating profiles.	同样,我们有一些卡在这里, 这是人们的约会简介。
403	Okay.	摆
404	And I'm wondering if you can spot any of these dark personality traits just by looking at	我想知道你能不能通过观察发现这些黑暗的个性特征
405	dating profiles or any clues that might be associated with it.	约会简介或任何可能与之相关的线索.
406	All right.	好吧,我们走。
407	So this is Ryan.	这是瑞安。
408	He's a chief of staff in Washington, D.C. Professionally trained to argue my point.	他是华盛顿特区的幕僚长他受过专业的训练来论证我的观点
409	So yes, I'm probably going to win the debate about what to have for dinner.	所以,是的,我可能会赢得辩论关于什么可以吃晚餐。
410	Okay, this feels	好吧,这感觉
411	like a red flag.	就像红旗一样
412	Savvy, strategic, and persuasive by trade.	具有战略意义和说服力的贸易。
413	I mean, this feels very much like	我的意思是,这感觉非常像
414	Machiavellianism,对不对?
415	Kind of like controlling the situation, being kind of a smooth talker.	有点像控制局势, 作为一个平滑的谈话者。
416	Savvy meaning like they're controlling you.	就像他们控制了你
417	They're maybe using information to get you to	他们可能利用信息来让你
418	do what they want.	做他们想做的。
419	Strategic, right?	战略,对不对?
420	We talked about that very kind of strategic social style,	我们谈过那种战略社会风格
421	where like they're not kind of impulsively behaving like someone with psychopathy.	就像他们不像一个有精神病的人那样冲动
422	They're	他们是
423	more like playing three-dimensional chess, right, to get what they want.	更像是玩三维棋,对, 得到他们想要的。
424	So that's quite a strategic	所以,这是相当战略性的
425	behavior.	行为
426	Also, co-occupying, exploring the city, enjoying great food, traveling, and keeping life	还有共同居住探索城市享受美食旅行保持生命
427	interesting, looking for someone who makes me laugh.	很有趣,找一个能让我笑的人
428	So I think the words to me that are like,	所以我觉得那些话就像,
429	might be used as like euphemisms essentially for some of the Machiavellian traits would be	对于一些马奇亚维利的特质来说, 可能被用作委婉语
430	savvy, strategic, persuasive, like I can get anybody to do anything because I'm just going to	聪明,有策略,有说服力, 就像我可以让任何人做任何事情因为我只是要去
431	manipulate them into doing it.	操纵他们来做
432	Now, these could be red flags.	这些可能是红旗
433	He could be a perfectly nice guy.	他可能是个好人
434	But these are things that I would like go into that conversation thinking like, okay, does he	但是,这些东西,我想进入对话,像,好吧,他
435	seem very cynical of people?	似乎很愤世嫉俗?
436	Is he quite power hungry?	他很饿吗?
437	Is he willing to manipulate other people	他愿意操纵别人吗?
438	to his own ends and kind of step over other people for what he wants?	为了自己的目的和那种踩过别人为了他想要的?
439	What about that last line about makes me laugh?	那最后一行会让我笑吗?
440	I found that to be quite self-serving in a way	我发现这在某种意义上是相当自私的
441	because you're looking for something yourself there.	因为你在那边找东西
442	That obviously can be true.	这显然是事实。
443	We're all	我们都是
444	looking for someone that can make us laugh.	找一个能让我们笑的人
445	But whether you'd write that is, I don't know.	但是,如果你会写,这是,我不知道。
446	Just interesting.	有趣的是,这很有趣。
447	Potentially.	潜在的。
448	All right.	好吧,我们走。
449	So this is Hayley, who is a lawyer.	这是海莉,他是一个律师。
450	My friends call me Hurricane,	我的朋友叫我飓风,
451	but you can call me Hayley, equal parts chaos and good company.	但你可以叫我海莉, 等分混乱和良好的同伴。
452	Chaos is immediately bringing up	乱七八糟的一塌糊涂
453	potential psychopathy because that's like that impulsivity.	潜在的精神病因为那就像那种冲动。
454	You kind of don't really know	你有点不知道
455	where she's at.	她现在在哪?
456	In women in particular, psychopathy can be associated with pretty volatile	特别是女性,精神错乱可能与极不稳定
457	emotions and connecting with like, we seem really close one day and then I'm really angry at you the	感情和联系,像,我们似乎真的接近一天, 然后我真的很生气你
458	next day.	第二天,我会去的
459	I'll happily spend the weekend trying a new workout class or plotting a harmless prank	我很乐意花一个周末尝试一个新的锻炼课或者策划一个无害的恶作剧
460	on my friends.	对我的朋友。
461	That's the sadism.	这就是虐待。
462	Red flag.	红旗.
463	So someone who is, you know,	所以,一个人谁,你知道,
464	maybe delighting in someone else getting hurt.	也许喜欢别人受伤
465	That could be concerning.	这可能是有关。
466	Outspoken,	直言不讳,
467	tough enough to handle myself.	够坚韧的了
468	Toughness is associated with psychopathy.	坚韧与精神病有关
469	Do you think you	你觉得你
470	can handle me?	能对付我吗?
471	That's up to you.	这取决于你。
472	Okay.	摆
473	David is a brain surgeon.	大卫是个脑外科医生
474	Very impressive.	非常令人印象深刻。
475	So he's a surgeon	所以他是外科医生
476	by day, theater enthusiast and cocktail appreciator by night.	白天,剧院的爱好者和晚上的鸡尾酒欣赏者。
477	I'm confident enough to pick the	我有足够的自信来选择
478	restaurant, self-assured to admit when I'm wrong occasionally.	餐厅,自我肯定的承认当我错了偶尔。
479	And my friends would describe me as	我的朋友会形容我
480	the life of the party.	党的生活。
481	So this is giving like potential narcissism cues, right?	因此,这是给像潜在的自恋提示,对不对?
482	So loves a lot	所以爱很多
483	of attention, life of the party, confident enough to pick, like he won't be wrong about picking the	注意,党的生活, 足够自信选择, 就像他不会错选择
484	restaurant, self-assured enough to admit when I'm wrong occasionally, he put in brackets.	餐厅,自我保证足以承认当我错了偶尔, 他放在括号。
485	So you might not see a ton of that behavior.	所以你可能看不到一吨这样的行为。
486	Don't worry.	别担心
487	I'm sure I can find the time for	我敢肯定,我可以找到时间
488	you somewhere.	你在某个地方。
489	Winky face.	温基脸.
490	So you might not be a priority, but you know, again, so I'm seeing	所以也许你不是首要任务,但你知道,再次, 所以我看到
491	narcissism vibes here.	这里有自恋情绪
492	That's something I would, you know, pay attention to in our conversation	你知道,在谈话中我会注意的
493	would be like, does he ever ask anything about me or do we just talk about him and how fabulous	他有没有问过我什么或者我们只是谈谈他以及他有多棒
494	and amazing his life is the whole time?	他的一生很奇妙吗?
495	So dating, you know, profiles are like an advertisement	所以约会,你知道, 简介就像广告
496	that you put out there.	你放出来。
497	So this is not an entire person's personality.	所以这不是一个人的人格。
498	So we can gather more	这样我们就可以收集更多
499	information over time, but some red flags there.	信息随时间推移, 但有一些红旗在那里。
500	This is Chad.	这是乍得。
501	He's in law enforcement in Texas.	他在德州执法
502	He's barbecuing in the picture, which feels on brand.	他在画里烧烤,这感觉在品牌上。
503	Looking for my wife who will join me	寻找我的妻子谁会加入我
504	for life.	一辈子
505	No debt and no kids.	没有债务和孩子。
506	Don't worry, ladies.	别担心,女士们。
507	I'm house trained.	我受过训练
508	When I'm off duty,	当我下班时,
509	I'm very independent.	我很独立
510	Y'all find me hunting outdoors, grilling or challenging my buddies,	你们都发现我在户外打猎烧烤或挑战我的朋友
511	looking for someone genuine to share life's adventures with.	找一个真正的人来分享人生的冒险
512	Nice guy.	不错的家伙。
513	Seems okay.	似乎还行。
514	Yeah.	对
515	I wonder what he's girling.	我想知道他在谈什么
516	Yeah.	对
517	Okay.	摆
518	If I was to go on a date with any of these people, Haley, Ryan, David, Chad,	如果我和这些人约会海莉瑞恩大卫乍得
519	these dating cards that we just read out, what are the type of verbal and nonverbal cues that	这些约会卡我们刚刚宣读, 什么类型的口头和非口头提示
520	I would be looking for, whether I was dating them or in a relationship with them to figure out if	我将寻找, 无论是我约会他们或与他们的关系找出是否
521	they had any of these dark personality traits?	他们有这种黑暗的个性特征吗?
522	Again, these are kind of early warning signs that	这些是预警信号
523	you can look for things like do they interrupt you often, but refuse to tolerate it when you	你可以寻找类似的东西他们经常打断你, 但拒绝容忍当你
524	interrupt, right?	打断一下,对吧?
525	And so this is kind of an indication of that impulsivity as well as	所以,这是一种表示这种冲动以及
526	potential dominance over other people.	有可能凌驾于他人之上
527	They want to dominate you.	他们想支配你
528	And I mean, sometimes people get	我的意思是,有时人们得到
529	excited and they just want to interject and share something.	兴奋,他们只是想插管分享一些东西。
530	Here, what we're really interested in	在这里,我们真正感兴趣的是
531	is it's a cue to impulsivity, but refusing to tolerate it when you interrupt.	这是一种冲动的暗示, 但拒绝容忍当你打断它。
532	That makes them	所以他们
533	quite angry.	相当生气。
534	Do they consistently ignore personal or professional boundaries?	他们是否一贯无视个人或职业界限?
535	So maybe you're at work	所以也许你在工作
536	or maybe you're on one of these dates, right?	或者也许你在约会,对不对?
537	And you say, I'd really rather not talk about my family	你说,我真的不想谈我的家人
538	right now.	现在
539	And they continue to ask you about your family.	他们继续问你的家人
540	And you're like, I really don't want to	而你喜欢,我真的不想
541	talk about that right now.	现在就说
542	Okay.	摆
543	Yeah.	对
544	Tell me about your brother and this terrible relationship	说说你哥哥和这个可怕的关系
545	you have with them.	你和他们在一起。
546	So kind of always pushing on boundaries, even when they're set explicitly.	所以,总是推边界,即使它们被明确设置。
547	Do they seem weirdly calm?	他们看起来很冷静吗?
548	This is related to psychopathy and that kind of shallow emotional	这和精神病有关那种浅薄的情感
549	affect.	影响。
550	Like they're not experiencing fear or sadness or concern for other people when you	就像他们没有经历恐惧悲伤或关心别人当你
551	expect they would in a conversation.	期待他们会在谈话中。
552	Do they seem to be an authority on every subject?	他们是不是每个主题的权威?
553	This is a	这个是
554	narcissism vibe, right?	自恋的氛围,对不对?
555	Like they know everything about everything and you don't know anything,	就像他们知道一切你什么都不知道一样
556	right?	对吧?
557	So they need to be the authority.	所以他们需要成为权威。
558	Do they offer impulsive off-the-cuff responses to your	他们有没有对你的...
559	questions?	问题?
560	So they're not really thinking about things.	所以他们不是在想事情
561	They're just saying whatever comes to	他们只是说不管发生什么
562	their mind immediately, a sign of potential impulsivity that's associated with psychopathy.	他们的头脑立刻, 一个潜在冲动的迹象与精神病有关。
563	Do they seem to come across as tough, combative or cruel, right?	他们看起来是坚强的, 战斗的还是残酷的,对不对?
564	So psychopathy associated with	如此的变态与
565	aggression, wanting to dominate people, cruelty, of course, sadism.	侵略想要统治人民残忍当然虐待
566	So Hailey here, she said about	所以海莉说
567	throwing pranks.	扔恶作剧。
568	She's called herself tough and asked if we could handle her.	她自称坚强,问我们能不能对付她
569	So maybe that's	所以也许
570	links.	链接。
571	Yep, exactly.	没错
572	This one's interesting.	这个很有趣
573	So do they make intense eye contact with you,	他们怎么与你接触呢?
574	seeming to peer into your soul?	似乎进入你的灵魂?
575	One of the things that clinicians have noted with people with high	临床医生对高血压患者的发现之一
576	levels of psychopathy is that they tend to make really intense eye contact.	精神错乱的程度在于他们往往进行非常激烈的眼神接触
577	Okay.	摆
578	Do they seem	他们似乎
579	to lack emotions related to self-awareness such as embarrassment, embarrassment or shame?	缺乏与自我意识有关的情感,如尴尬、尴尬或羞耻?
580	These	这些
581	are the kind of broader self-conscious emotions like remorse, like guilt that are associated with	是那种更广泛的自我意识的情绪比如悔恨, 像内疚,与
582	psychopathy, a deficit in those.	神经病,有缺陷
583	Do they spend a lot of time talking about themselves and show	他们有没有花很多时间谈论自己和显示
584	much less interest in you?	更不关心你?
585	That's our old friend narcissism.	那是我们的老朋友自恋症
586	And when others are struggling, do	当别人挣扎的时候,做
587	they find it enjoyable, annoying or boring?	他们觉得很愉快,很烦人还是无聊?
588	And that would be associated with sadism.	这和虐待有关
589	This is something that I've made for you.	这是我为你做的
590	I realized that the Diarrhea audience are strivers,	我意识到痢疾的观众是奋斗者
591	whether it's in business or health, we all have big goals that we want to accomplish.	无论是商业还是健康我们都有我们想要实现的大目标
592	And one of the things I've learned is that when you aim at the big, big, big goal, it can feel	我学到的一件事是当你瞄准一个大、大、大的目标时,它能感觉到
593	incredibly psychologically uncomfortable because it's kind of like being stood at the foot of Mount	令人难以置信的心理不适因为这就像站在山脚下
594	Everest and looking upwards.	珠峰与上观.
595	The way to accomplish your goals is by breaking them down into tiny,	实现你目标的方法就是把目标破碎成微小的
596	small steps.	楼梯
597	And we call this in our team, the 1%.	我们称之为团队中的1%。
598	And actually this philosophy is highly	其实这个哲学是很高的
599	responsible for much of our success here.	对我们在这里取得的大部分成功负有责任。
600	So what we've done so that you at home can accomplish any	所以,我们所做的,让你在家里可以完成任何
601	big goal that you have is we've made these 1% diaries and we released these last year and they	我们做了1%的日记我们去年发布了这些
602	all sold out.	都卖光了
603	So I asked my team over and over again to bring the diaries back, but also to	所以我一再要求我的团队把日记带回来,但也要求
604	introduce some new colors and to make some minor tweaks to the diary.	引入一些新的颜色, 并给日记做一些小调。
605	So now we have a better range	现在我们有更好的范围了
606	for you.	给你的
607	So if you have a big goal in mind and you need a framework and a process and some	所以,如果你有一个大目标在心并且你需要一个框架和一个过程和一些
608	motivation, then I highly recommend you get one of these diaries before they all sell out once	我强烈建议你先拿到一本日记然后再卖掉一次
609	again.	再来
610	你可以去Thediary.com买你的
611	And if you want the link, the link is in the description	如果你想要链接,链接在描述中
612	below.	见下文。
613	There should be a button just down below here.	这里下面应该有个按钮
614	And if it says subscribed, you're already	如果上面写着签了,你就已经签了
615	subscribed.	订阅。
616	If it says subscriber, that means you're not yet.	如果说是订户,那就说明你还没订户
617	And if you're not subscribed,	如果你没被订阅
618	please could you do us a favor and hit that button.	麻烦你帮个忙按下那个按钮
619	It helps to show more than you know.	它帮助显示更多比你知道。
620	And according to the algorithm, you're someone that watches our show, but you haven't yet hit	根据算法,你是看我们节目的人, 但你还没有击中
621	that button.	那个按钮
622	Thank you so much.	非常感谢
623	Two things in mind.	二谛念中.
624	The first thing is that these dark personality	第一件事是这些黑暗的人格
625	traits are very common relative to the impact they can have on lives.	相对于它们可能对生命产生的影响而言,其特征非常普遍。
626	I think they're extremely	我觉得他们很厉害
627	common.	常见。
628	And the second thing is that according to your book and some of the research, people don't	第二件事是,根据你的书和一些研究,人们不会
629	tend to change.	变了
630	So this leads me to the conclusion that we might have to figure out how to deal with	因此,这让我得出一个结论,即我们也许必须想出如何处理
631	these people.	这些人。
632	Because if we work in a company or a team or even if we work in a family, if I look	因为如果我们在一个公司或一个团队工作即使我们在一个家庭工作,如果我看
633	at some of those stats around antisocial personality behaviors, it would suggest roughly one in five	在那些关于反社会人格行为的统计中大约五分之一
634	people are going to be antisocial in some way.	人们会以某种方式反社会
635	So we can't just hope to avoid them in our lives.	所以我们不能只是希望避免他们在我们的生活。
636	No, I mean, everyone's got a story, I think.	不,我的意思是,每个人都有一个故事,我想。
637	And I think people feel relatively powerless, like,	我觉得人们感到相对无能为力,比如,
638	because the approaches that we tend to take with other people when they hurt us don't work very	因为我们在别人伤害我们时往往会和他们在一起
639	well for these individuals.	对这些人来说是好的
640	When someone hurts us, we might be like, we show them, we tell them	当有人伤害我们,我们可能会像, 我们向他们展示,我们告诉他们
641	that really hurt me, and then they feel guilt and they might apologize.	这真的伤害了我, 然后他们感到内疚他们可能会道歉。
642	Or we might punish them	或者我们惩罚他们
643	in some way, and then that leads them to avoid that behavior in the future.	以某种方式,然后引导他们避免这种行为在未来。
644	These are precisely	这些正是
645	things that people with psychopathy, for example, doesn't really work.	精神病患者的病情并不有效
646	And so we're left being like,	所以,我们离开喜欢,
647	how do I deal with this?	我该怎么做?
648	My tools are not working.	我的工具不起作用。
649	But I think what's really	但我认为什么是真正的
650	kind of powerful to know is that there are things that you can do.	那种强大的知道是有事情你可以做。
651	So we've got seven	所以我们有七个
652	rules for dealing with people with dark personalities.	处理黑暗人物的规则
653	So the first one is to establish	所以第一个是建立
654	clear boundaries.	明确界限。
655	And I want to kind of preface this by saying like, setting out the rules is not	我想先说一句规定规则不是
656	like a guarantee that they won't be broken, right?	就像保证他们不会被打破,对不对?
657	We've talked about with respect to psychopathy,	我们讨论过精神病
658	that they tend to break the rules, like a defining feature of that personality.	他们倾向于打破规则, 就像那个个性的决定性特征。
659	But research suggests that establishing clear rules, making them explicit, decreases the	但研究表明,建立明确的规则,使之明确,减少
660	likelihood of kind of selfish behavior, for example, compared to if there's no rules whatsoever,	比起没有规则自私行为的可能性
661	right?	对吧?
662	So sometimes like, you know, in my workplace, we have a respectful workplace policy,	所以,有时候,你知道, 在我的工作场所, 我们有一个尊重工作场所的政策,
663	which when I read it was like, why do people need to be reminded of this?	当我读到它就像, 为什么人们需要提醒这一点?
664	This seems so obvious,	这似乎如此明显,
665	right?	对吧?
666	But there's really good reasons to have a respectful workplace policy.	但是有很好的理由来制定尊重工作场所的政策。
667	One is that it makes	一个是它使
668	very explicit how we expect people to be treated here.	我们非常明确地期望人们在这里受到怎样的待遇。
669	That is going to decrease the likelihood	这将会降低可能性
670	of people even with, you know, kind of moderate levels of these traits, let's say, will violate	即使有中等水平的特质也会违反
671	those rules.	这些规则。
672	And more than that, if they do violate the rules, you've got something written	不止于此,如果他们确实违反了规则, 你写了什么
673	down that's like, you're not supposed to do this.	你不应该这么做的
674	Otherwise, it's very hard to kind of do anything	否则,很难做任何事情
675	about it, right?	关于它,对不对?
676	In a relationship, you can make this really clear, like what's okay, what's not	在一个关系中,你可以说得很清楚, 像什么是好的,什么不是
677	okay in this relationship.	这段感情还不错
678	And you got to tell the other person that it can't just be in your head,	你得告诉另一个人它不能只是在你头上,
679	right?	对吧?
680	So you got to make these rules explicit.	所以,你必须明确这些规则。
681	And it can also help to like, read in a buddy,	也可以帮助喜欢, 读在朋友,
682	like if you've got a friend, and you're like, okay, these are the things that I want out of	就像你有一个朋友,你喜欢, 好吧,这些都是我想要的东西
683	a relationship partner, these are like no goes, these are behaviors that cross the red line.	关系伴侣,这些就像不走, 这些行为跨越红线。
684	Having, you know, a friend that knows what those are that can tell you when your boundaries are	有个朋友知道这些是什么当你的边界是
685	slipping can be really useful.	滑下去会有用
686	I was thinking of one particular context that I know, and I'll keep	我在想我知道的某个特定背景, 我会保持
687	it anonymous as well, where there's five people that I know, it is a family that I know of,	我认识五个人那是我认识的家庭
688	and they have five, five kids.	他们有五个孩子
689	And one of the family members was telling me that they are the	其中一个家庭成员告诉我他们是
690	only one that has maintained a boundary against one of the older parents who's got a track record	只有一个对年长父母之一有记录的
691	like some of these dark personality traits.	就像这些黑暗的个性特征
692	And she was telling me that because she has always	她告诉我,因为她一直
693	maintained a boundary against the father who is the person that has dark personality traits,	保持了与父亲的界限,父亲是具有黑暗人格特征的人,
694	the father has almost left her alone and has gone for the other four siblings more so.	父亲几乎抛弃了她并且更喜欢其他四个兄弟姐妹
695	And that the other four siblings are suffering because they don't have an established boundary.	而另外四个兄弟姐妹因为没有既定的边界而受苦.
696	Whereas what I'm saying here is it's interesting that someone who has a boundary seems to be preyed	而这里我要说的是,有趣的是,有人谁有边界似乎被猎物
697	on less by the narcissist or person with Machiavellian personality than those that haven't	被自恋者或有马奇雅维利人格的人比那些没有
698	established one.	建立了一个。
699	And if that is true, then what is it about the psychopathic or narcissistic	如果这是真的那精神病人或自恋狂又是怎么回事?
700	person that is choosing easier targets or boundary-less targets?	选择较容易的目标或无边界目标的人?
701	Does that hold as	这是否是
702	truth or is that just anecdotal?	真相还是传闻?
703	So we do know from research that this is mostly in workplaces,	因此,我们确实从研究中得知, 这大多是在工作场所,
704	that workplaces that have kind of codes of fairness, people with high levels of these	拥有某种公平守则的工作场所,
705	traits are less likely to keep a bunch of the bonus money for themselves instead of	特质更不可能自己留一大笔奖金
706	among their team fairly.	在他们的团队中公平。
707	So there's evidence of like having rules in place increases the likelihood	因此,有证据表明,像有规则到位增加的可能性
708	that they will follow those rules relative to like a no holds bar kind of situation.	他们将遵守那些规则,而不是象禁闭一样。
709	There's also research on how people with high levels of psychopathic traits kind of	也研究过精神病性能高的人
710	choose who to prey upon essentially.	选择捕食对象
711	And individuals who are not very assertive	以及那些不自信的人
712	tend to be more likely to, it's almost like they're picking the weakest of the herd or	更可能,它几乎就像他们选择最弱的群或
713	something like that.	类似的东西。
714	So having asserting some boundaries can help to not have that target	所以坚持一些界限有助于没有目标
715	on your back.	背着
716	I was thinking about a guest that I interviewed on this podcast that was telling me	我在想我采访的一位嘉宾那个播客告诉我
717	she had gone through domestic violence and she was telling me about the love bombing process	她经历了家庭暴力她告诉我爱情爆炸的过程
718	as to how this individual had like broken down her boundaries and her confidence over time	至于这个人如何喜欢打破她的界限和信心随着时间的推移
719	and then had isolated her from her friends and family, wouldn't allow her to call her mom.	然后把她与朋友和家人隔离不允许她打电话给她妈妈
720	We give her a script when her mom called and those kinds of things.	我们给她一个剧本当她的妈妈打电话和这些事情。
721	And one of the remarkable	和一个了不起的
722	things I observed is how over time they'd sort of broken down their confidence in order to be	我所观察到的是,随着时间的推移,他们会如何打破他们的信心,以便成为
723	able to seemingly control them.	似乎可以控制他们。
724	Is this a, is this common practice?	这是惯例吗?
725	Yeah, in a domestic	是啊,一个家庭
726	violence situation.	暴力状况。
727	You know, it kind of reminds me of the kind of emerging research on gaslighting	你知道,它让我想起那种新兴的研究燃气
728	where someone would, you know, make their partner kind of dealt their sense of reality,	在那里,有人会,你知道, 让他们的伴侣处理他们的现实感,
729	kind of, you know, correcting them all the time.	那种,你知道, 纠正他们所有的时间。
730	Like you're being too sensitive,	就像你太敏感一样
731	you don't see the truth around you.	你看不到周围的真相
732	And I think what's kind of so insidious about that is that	我觉得最阴险的是
733	it makes you dependent on that other person.	它让你依赖另一个人。
734	And then the isolation can really decrease	然后隔离会真正减少
735	your ability to kind of like get out of it because you don't have someone else who can,	因为你没有别人可以...
736	you know, check your sense of reality that you really are seeing and feeling and remembering	你知道,检查你对现实的感觉, 你真的看到了,感觉和回忆
737	things that really did happen, even though they're telling you that it didn't.	事情真的发生了, 即使他们告诉你,它没有。
738	What is	这是什么
739	gaslighting?	燃气吗?
740	Because we throw around the term all the time, the minute someone lies, we say,	因为我们老是用这个词说只要有人撒谎
741	Yeah, it's a pattern of denying someone's version of reality.	是啊,这是一种模式否认某人的版本现实。
742	So you might tell people that,	所以你可以告诉别人,
743	you know, they shouldn't be feeling the way that they're feeling things didn't happen,	你知道,他们不应该感觉的方式他们的感觉事情没有发生,
744	like they are remembering they happened, that they can't trust their own, you know, sense of,	就像他们记得他们发生的事, 他们不能相信自己的,你知道,感觉,
745	you know, perception of reality.	你知道,对现实的看法。
746	And so it can be incredibly kind of destabilizing and isolating.	所以它可以令人难以置信地破坏稳定,孤立。
747	And what is worrisome about that is that we really need other people to help us see reality.	而令人担忧的是,我们确实需要其他人帮助我们看到现实。
748	And so	这样
749	if we're only seeing it through like their lens of we can't be trusted, our own eyes, our own memory	如果我们只看到它通过他们的镜头我们无法信任,我们自己的眼睛,我们自己的记忆
750	can't be trusted, we start to depend on their perception, which is essentially a control	不能相信,我们开始依赖他们的感知这基本上是一种控制
751	tactic.	战术
752	And research does suggest that people with high levels of these traits endorse these	研究确实表明, 具有高水平特征的人认可这些
753	like, they don't see anything wrong with doing that to a romantic partner, which would probably	喜欢,他们不认为有什么不对这样做对一个浪漫的伙伴, 这可能会
754	follow that they would be more likely to engage in it.	他们将更有可能参与其中。
755	A lot of romantic arguments would sound	很多浪漫的争论听起来
756	like gaslighting, I think, within that definition of like, you know, let's go back to the cheating	像燃气,我想,在这个定义喜欢,你知道,让我们回到欺骗
757	example.	实例。
758	We said last Friday, I was doing something dodgy.	我们上周五说, 我做了一些蠢事。
759	You suspect I'm lying.	你怀疑我在撒谎
760	So you say to me,	所以你对我说
761	No, you weren't Steven, you weren't at the office till 3am.	不,你不是史蒂芬,你3点才到办公室
762	And I was I was I was at the office.	我当时在办公室
763	You	你们
764	were making this up in your head.	是在你脑子里编出来的
765	Yeah.	对
766	Who was gaslighting who that because you said you denied	谁在点燃谁,因为你说你否认
767	my reality and I'm denying your reality.	我否认你的真实
768	But were you actually at the office?	但你真的在办公室吗?
769	Does it matter?	有关系吗?
770	Like,	喜欢,
771	Jeremy, I'm trying to figure out if the which which one of us was gaslighting behavior there.	Jeremy,我想知道我们中哪个人在那里放毒气
772	Yeah, I think it would be like if if I say like, you know, I feel insecure, I feel threatened by	是的,我想这将是如果我说喜欢, 你知道,我觉得不安全, 我感觉威胁
773	like whatever you were doing on Friday.	就像你周五做的事一样
774	And you're like, no, you don't you don't like or you	你就像,不,你不喜欢或你
775	didn't feel that way.	没有那种感觉
776	There's no reason for you to feel that way.	你没有理由那样想
777	You're blowing things out of	你在吹东西出来
778	proportion.	比例。
779	It's essentially like denying someone's actual it's my experience is that I feel	这基本上就像否认某人的真实的,这是我的经验是,我觉得
780	threatened.	威胁。
781	And so it's like, even if I might be wrong about that, that is my experience.	所以它就像,即使我可能错了,这是我的经验。
782	So I could deny the facts.	所以我可以否认事实
783	Theoretically, I could say no, at 2am, I was falling asleep on my desk.	理论上,我可以说不,在凌晨2点,我在桌子上睡着了。
784	I could maybe argue with the facts.	我也许可以和事实争论
785	But it's when you start arguing with someone else's perception	但当你开始和别人的观念争论
786	of reality, yes, of their own subjective experience.	是的,他们自己的主观经验。
787	That's when you strained to this	那时你紧张到这个地步
788	gaslighting.	气冲.
789	Okay.	摆
790	In the example I gave earlier for my guest, that's exactly what happened to	我之前为我的客人举的一个例子就是那样
791	
792	What he started to do is he started hiding her stuff in places.	他开始做的就是把她的东西藏起来
793	So he put her car keys in	他把她的车钥匙放进去了
794	the fridge to make her feel like she'd gone crazy.	冰箱让她觉得自己疯了
795	Yeah, which is fucking crazy.	是啊,这是他妈的疯了。
796	That's bonkers.	这是愚蠢的。
797	Wild.	疯狂
798	Okay, that makes sense.	好吧,这有道理。
799	So that was establishing clear boundaries.	因此,这是建立明确的界限。
800	Really,	真的吗?
801	what I was getting at is do they try and erode those boundaries?	我得到的是他们是否试图侵蚀这些界限?
802	What do they leave you alone?	他们放过你什么?
803	So they're likely to try to push on them, but less so than if you have no boundaries at all.	所以,他们可能试图推动他们, 但少于如果你没有边界。
804	Okay.	摆
805	Yep.	对
806	So the next one is don't give them power over others.	所以,下一个是不要给他们权力凌驾于他人之上。
807	We've talked about kind of	我们谈过了
808	all of these different traits and that they, you know, Machiavellianism is actually kind of named	所有这些不同的特质, 他们,你知道,Machiavellianism 实际上是一种命名
809	after the pursuit of power.	追逐权力之后
810	Psychopathy is associated with domineering people.	心理疗法与玩弄人有关
811	Narcissism,	纳西西主义,
812	I'm better than you.	我比你强
813	I'm a born leader.	我是天生的领导者
814	All of these are kind of related to power.	所有这些都与权力有关。
815	People with these traits tend to be very interested in having power over other people,	有这些特质的人往往非常有兴趣拥有对其他人的权力,
816	but we know from research that this does not tend to go well for those individuals who are	但是我们从研究中了解到,对于那些身处此地的人来说,这往往并不好。
817	working underneath them.	在他们下面工作
818	So at work, for example, we know that people who are working under a boss	比如说,在工作的时候我们知道在老板手下工作的人
819	with more psychopathic traits report being more stressed out.	更多的精神病特征报告更加强调。
820	They also tend to be more likely	他们往往更可能
821	to bring that stress home and that creates more family conflicts.	将这种压力带回家,从而造成更多的家庭冲突。
822	So it kind of spreads.	因此,它有点扩散。
823	It	这个
824	doesn't stay where it is.	不待在这里。
825	They tend to create division within teams.	他们往往在团队内部制造分裂.
826	They also tend to increase	它们也往往增加
827	the likelihood of turnover intentions.	交易意图的可能性。
828	So, you know, if you're working for a boss with these	所以,你知道,如果你工作一个老板用这些
829	traits, you're like, I got to get the hell out of here.	特质,你喜欢, 我得到了地狱离开这里。
830	So you're, you're churning through staff,	所以,你正在通过工作人员,
831	right?	对吧?
832	So giving them power over others is not a great way to, to kind of, yeah, to deal with them.	因此,赋予他们支配他人的权力并不是一个伟大的方法, 一种,是的,处理他们。
833	So you don't want to give them power over others even when they want it,	所以即使他们想要,你也不想给他们权力
834	but there's other things that you can give them that they do want.	但还有别的事情你可以给他们他们确实想要。
835	And this is essentially like	这基本上就像
836	negotiating 101, right?	谈判101,对不对?
837	So like you can look for win-wins when you're negotiating with them,	所以,就像你可以寻找双赢当你与他们谈判,
838	recognizing that what they consider motivation to get to this win-win might not be what you consider	承认他们认为实现这一双赢的动机可能不是你认为的
839	to be motivation to get to this win-win.	成为实现双赢的动力
840	So imagine that like you've got this, this employee who is	所以想象一下,就像你有这个, 这个雇员谁是
841	his subordinates and you're like, you really need to treat your team better because they are so	他的下属和你一样, 你真的需要对待你的团队更好,因为他们是如此
842	stressed out and they, you know, are going home from work and they're crying to their spouses and,	压力很大,他们,你知道, 下班回家, 他们哭着对配偶,
843	you know, they're bringing it home and they're, they're getting sick because of this.	你知道,他们把它带回家他们,他们生病了因为这个。
844	You're trying to make them feel compassion for other people to get them to behave better	你想让他们同情别人让他们表现得更好
845	toward their team.	他们的团队。
846	That's not motivating to them, right?	这不是激励他们,对不对?
847	It might be motivating to other people,	它可能会激励其他人,
848	but people who with high levels of these traits, right, were callous, not concerned about other	但他们有很高的特质,是的, 是无情的, 不关心其他
849	people.	人们
850	However, that doesn't mean that they can't do something kind or helpful, right?	然而,这并不意味着他们不能做善良或帮助,对不对?
851	They might	他们可能
852	just do it for a different reason.	只是因为另一个原因
853	So if you know that the team is suffering under this person's	所以,如果你知道球队正在受苦在这个人的
854	current like bullying management style, you could say, you know, you've got this, you know, sales	就像欺凌管理风格,你可以说, 你知道,你有这个,你知道,销售
855	bonus that's coming up, but your team is so stressed out that you're not going to meet that	奖金即将到来,但你的团队压力很大,你不能满足
856	target and you're not going to get your, your bonus, right?	目标,你不会得到你的,你的奖金,对不对?
857	You need to treat your, your team	你需要对待你的团队
858	differently.	不一样
859	Money, they like money.	钱,他们喜欢钱
860	They like power.	他们喜欢权力。
861	They like status.	他们喜欢状态。
862	And so it's not that they	所以不是他们
863	can't behave better.	表现不好
864	It's that they might do it for a different reason.	可能是因为别的原因
865	So trying to understand	所以,试图理解
866	what motivates them and trying to figure out how you can use that.	是什么激励了他们并试图找出你如何使用它。
867	The next one is use the carrot,	下一个是用胡萝卜
868	not the stick.	不是那个棍子
869	So we've talked about this a little bit where people, particularly with high levels	所以,我们已经谈论了这一点一点点在那里的人,尤其是高水平
870	of psychopathy, very reward sensitive, but not very punishment sensitive.	精神错乱,非常有报酬,但惩罚不够
871	So you can try to punish	这样你就可以惩罚了
872	them, but literally their brains don't process punishment in the same way.	但他们的大脑不会以同样的方式处理惩罚
873	They don't develop	他们不发展
874	that kind of link between if I do this behavior, then fear of punishment again.	那种联系如果我这样做, 然后害怕惩罚再次。
875	So like they're	就像他们一样
876	more likely to repeat it than people with low levels of these traits.	与这些特征水平低的人相比,更有可能重复。
877	So punishment, you know,	所以惩罚,你知道,
878	there's a place for it, I suppose, but it's like, it's not going to be as effective with these	有个地方可以使用,但是它就像, 它不会是那么有效
879	personalities in particular.	特别是个人。
880	And I think what's terrible, what we are losing a huge opportunity	我认为什么是可怕的,什么我们正在失去一个巨大的机会
881	on is that we don't use the carrot instead when the carrot is so powerful.	我们不使用胡萝卜当胡萝卜是如此强大。
882	So sometimes people	所以有时候人们
883	are like, they're a bad person.	他们就像,他们是一个坏人。
884	I'm not going to reward anything that they do.	我不会奖赏他们所做的一切
885	Like I'm not going	就像我不去一样
886	to give them any kind of positive feedback because I think they're terrible, right?	给他们任何正面的反馈因为我觉得他们很糟糕,对不对?
887	But if they do	但是,如果他们这样做
888	something kind or honest or helpful, oh my God, reward them.	善良或诚实或帮助, 哦,我的上帝,奖励他们。
889	Reward them, not with power over	奖赏他们,不要用权力
890	others, but maybe with like a bonus at work with like a job title because they really care about	其他人,但也许有像奖金在工作像工作头衔,因为他们真的在乎
891	status.	状态。
892	That's a reward that they will really like.	这是他们喜欢的奖励
893	And you are going to increase the likelihood that	你将会增加
894	you get more of that behavior in the future.	你将来会有更多这样的行为
895	I think there'll be some people listening right	我想会有人听对了
896	now that are thinking, shouldn't you just fire these people?	你不应该解雇这些人吗?
897	Shouldn't you get all of these	你不应该得到所有这些
898	people out of your life?	人离开你的生活?
899	If they've got sadism, narcissism, Machiavellianism,	如果他们有虐待,自恋,马奇亚维尔主义,
900	psychopathy.	变态
901	Shouldn't you just throw them out of your life?	难道你不应该把他们赶出你的生活吗?
902	Yeah, I think given that there are, you know, a reasonably sized minority of the population	是啊,我认为,考虑到,你知道, 有相当规模的少数人口
903	has some elevated level of these traits, you're going to be chucking a lot of people, right?	这些特质水平会提高你会把很多人丢弃对吧?
904	And they also might genuinely have some like really useful skills that just, you know,	他们也可能真正拥有一些像真正有用的技能, 只是,你知道,
905	you want in your company, you just need to learn how to manage this personality trait.	你想在你的公司, 你只需要学会如何管理这个个性特征。
906	And so	这样
907	I think even if, you know, you have kind of a low tolerance for these personality traits,	我认为即使,你知道, 你有点不太容忍这些个性特征,
908	you're not going to be able to completely avoid them at all times.	你不可能随时完全避开他们
909	It might not be your decision	可能不是你的决定
910	to chuck them out of the company.	把他们赶出公司
911	Yeah, exactly.	没错
912	It might be a person that you like, you want to	这可能是一个你喜欢的人,你想
913	have a relationship with them, even if that relationship is not perfect.	和他们有关系即使这种关系不是完美的。
914	You know, maybe	你知道,也许
915	it's a brother-in-law, right?	是个姐夫,对吧?
916	And you're like, he's such a pain in the ass, but I see him like	而你喜欢,他是如此痛苦的屁股, 但我看到他喜欢
917	twice a year.	一年两次。
918	And I don't want to cut him out because that means I don't get to see my sister	我也不想把他截断,因为这样我就不能见我妹妹了
919	anymore.	现在。
920	And I love my sister and I want to support my sister.	我爱我妹妹我想支持我妹妹
921	And so I think there's just	所以我认为
922	like the, you know, stay or go question is just so complicated.	就像,你知道,留下来或去问问题只是如此复杂。
923	And there's so many reasons why	还有那么多原因
924	you might not be able to do that.	你可能无法做到这一点。
925	And so we need to learn the skills to manage interactions with	因此,我们需要学习管理与
926	people as well.	人们也一样。
927	Next one is emphasize your common identity.	下一个是强调你的共同身份。
928	People with high levels of narcissism	高自恋症患者
929	are not particularly interested in like being fair to you or like, you know, being kind to you,	不是特别喜欢公平对待你或者说,对你好一点
930	but they are interested in loyalty.	但他们对忠诚感兴趣
931	There's these studies that are really fascinating where they	这些研究非常迷人
932	just tell people like, Oh, you guys have the same birthday or you have the same fingerprint type,	告诉大家你们的生日或者指纹类型一样
933	which I don't even think is a thing.	我什至不认为是一件事情。
934	Anyway, but people think we have some sort of commonality.	无论如何,但人们觉得我们有某种共性。
935	Then people are people with high levels of narcissism get less angry when you give them	那么人们就是那些自恋程度高的人当你给他们发怒的时候
936	negative feedback if they think you've got something in common with them.	如果他们认为你和他们有共同点就会有负面反馈
937	So if you start	所以,如果你开始
938	your conversation with, you know, maybe that, that uncle at Thanksgiving, who's like always	你和那个感恩节的叔叔的谈话和以前一样
939	combative and talks about himself all the time and you're like, Oh, you know, we went to the same	战斗和谈论自己所有的时间,你喜欢, 哦,你知道,我们去了同样的
940	university, we root for the same football team, whatever it is, you start with what you have in	大学,我们为同一个足球队打根不管是什么,你从你拥有的开始
941	common.	常见。
942	You're like, okay, we are one.	你就像,好吧,我们是一个。
943	Right.	对
944	And then if you need to say, you know what, you really	然后,如果你需要说, 你知道吗,你真的
945	need to pick up your game and help them with the care of grandma, then he might be more willing to	需要拿起你的游戏帮助他们照顾奶奶, 那么他可能更愿意
946	listen to that as opposed to just like getting negative feedback.	而不是像得到负面反馈一样
947	You know, people with high	你知道,人们高
948	levels of narcissism don't like that.	那种自恋的情绪是不喜欢的
949	So emphasizing your common identity can help to tamp that down.	所以强调你的共同身份有助于将它固定下来。
950	I'd sat here with Tali Sharot, who's this neuroscientist, and she'd looked at the subject	我和这位神经科学家Tali Sharot坐在这里她看着这个话题
951	of disagreement quite extensively.	分歧非常广泛。
952	And she'd put people in these brain scanners and basically got	然后她把人放进脑部扫描仪里然后基本上
953	them to disagree with each other at some point, and looked at what happened in their brain.	他们彼此意见不一, 看着他们的大脑里发生了什么。
954	And	还有
955	what she told me she observed is essentially, and I'm, you know, I'm generalizing wildly here, so	她告诉我,她观察到的本质上是, 而我,你知道,我粗略地在这里,所以
956	please do fact check me on the screen.	请在屏幕上检查一下我
957	She basically observed that the brain changed when	她基本上观察到大脑在
958	someone disagreed with you.	有人不同意你的观点
959	And I was on a phone call the other day with about 10 different people	那天我和大约10个人在打电话
960	from a company we're doing a deal with.	我们正和一家公司达成协议
961	And I just observed that one person would often open up	我刚刚看到一个人经常打开
962	their rebuttal when they felt had a difference of opinion with the phrase, I completely disagree.	当他们觉得对这句话有不同意见时我完全不同意
963	And then they would make their point.	然后他们会说出他们的观点。
964	And so funnily enough, I got straight off the call,	这么有趣,我得到了直接的电话,
965	even though I'd written about this previously, I got straight off the call and like,	虽然我之前写过这个但我接到电话
966	did it be better research as to whether I, I just find that to be quite ineffective behavior,	研究一下我,我只是觉得那很无效
967	or if there's research around it.	或者如果周围有研究的话
968	And what I found is it says, yes, there is extensive research	我发现的是,它说, 是的,有广泛的研究
969	across social psychology and behavioral economics and linguistics showing that opening a counter	社会心理学行为经济学语言学显示打开一个计数器
970	argument or a rebuttal with explicit adversarial phrasing, like I disagree, actively will hinder	如我所不同意的那样,用明确的对抗性措辞进行辩驳或反驳会积极妨碍
971	your ability to persuade somebody.	你说服别人的能力
972	When you start a rebuttal with I disagree several psychological	当你开始反驳我不同意一些心理
973	mechanisms trigger in the other person's brain.	机制触发对方的大脑。
974	And that goes into the detail about what goes on	接下来的细节
975	their brain.	他们的大脑。
976	I just, it seems somewhat linked to what you're saying there about like how you keep	我只是,它似乎有点关联与你说什么在那里,喜欢你如何保持
977	the other person receptive.	对方接受。
978	Totally.	当然
979	Okay, so this reminds me of another study on things like	好吧,这让我想起了另一个研究比如:
980	really domineering bosses.	真的很迷人的老板们
981	If you need to give them negative feedback, like, I don't know, say	如果你需要给他们负面反馈,比如,我不知道,比如
982	you hate the way that we're running this particular process, these three forms should be one form,	你讨厌我们运行这个特定过程的方式, 这三种形式应该是一种形式,
983	like, why are we spending so much?	为什么我们花这么多钱?
984	This is like, you know, the bane of office existence.	这就像,你知道, 办公室存在的诅咒。
985	If you say, this is so stupid, you need to change the way that we're doing, you know,	如果你说这太蠢了你需要改变我们的方式
986	like kind of coming in hot, particularly people with high levels of narcissistic traits are like,	特别是那些自恋性很强的人
987	we don't like this kind of, you know, ego threat, your threat, you're criticizing me,	我们不喜欢这种自我威胁你的威胁你在批评我
988	you're giving me negative feedback.	你给我的负面反馈。
989	I'm just like shutting it down, right?	我只是像关闭它,对不对?
990	I'm not, I don't even	我没有,我甚至没有
991	hear what you're saying.	听听你在说什么
992	Whereas if you phrase it as a question, like, what do you think if we turn	如果你把它说成一个问题, 比如,你认为如果我们转向
993	these three forms into one form?	这三种形式变成一种形式?
994	Phrasing it as a question just kind of like makes it softer and	把它描述成一个问题就像它更柔软
995	makes them more willing to just hear it.	让他们更愿意听
996	Like, maybe you ultimately won't get to that one form,	就像,也许你最终不会得到一种形式,
997	but you'll at least get a little bit further in that conversation.	但你至少会更深入一点
998	I think that's true for,	我想这是真的,
999	you know, it's true for everybody.	你知道,这对每个人都是真的。
1000	But especially when it comes to people who are really domineering,	但尤其当涉及到那些真正迷人的人时,
1001	which these personalities tend to be.	这些人格往往就是如此。
1002	Okay.	摆
1003	So like you kind of co-create the solution.	就像你共同创造了解决方案。
1004	Really, you know, okay, interesting.	真的,你知道,好吧,有趣。
1005	Yeah.	对
1006	Okay.	摆
1007	Become a detective and notice their cues.	成为一名侦探注意他们的提示
1008	So we know that they tend to lie a lot,	所以我们知道他们经常撒谎
1009	being manipulative, telling lies is kind of part of their MO.	编造谎言是他们行为的一部分
1010	That's what all of these traits share.	这就是所有这些特征的共同点。
1011	And so being able to identify, know what those cues of deception are, know that we're not looking	因此,能够识别, 知道这些欺骗的提示是什么, 知道我们不是在寻找
1012	for gaze aversion.	以示厌恶。
1013	We're not looking for fidgeting.	我们不是在寻找虚幻。
1014	We're looking for those lack of	我们在找那些缺乏
1015	verifiable details.	可核实的细节。
1016	We're looking for relatively few details.	我们在找一些细节
1017	We're looking for signs of cognitive	我们在找认知的迹象
1018	strain and maybe like following up, right?	压力,也许像后续,对不对?
1019	If we start to see some of those red flags.	如果我们开始看到一些红旗。
1020	And finally, avoid face-to-face negotiations.	最后,避免面对面谈判。
1021	So this is like a really simple move that can	所以这就像一个非常简单的动作,可以
1022	be really helpful.	真的很有帮助。
1023	So some research out of same university as me, University of British Columbia,	所以和我在同一所大学不列颠哥伦比亚大学的一些研究
1024	had people with various levels of these dark traits, engage in a negotiation.	有不同层次的人这些黑暗的特征,参与谈判。
1025	It was just	这只是
1026	over like the price of concert tickets.	就像演唱会票价一样
1027	But what they found is that whenever those negotiations	但是他们发现,只要这些谈判
1028	occurred face-to-face, the person with the high level of psychopathic traits or any of these dark	发生面对面的, 具有高度精神病特征的人或任何这种黑暗
1029	traits, they got a really good deal.	特质,他们得到了一个非常好的交易。
1030	Like they were able to command a whole bunch of money	好像他们能指挥一大笔钱
1031	for these concert tickets.	这些音乐会的门票。
1032	Whereas if they engage in this negotiation over text, that wasn't the	如果他们就文本进行谈判,那不是
1033	case.	案例。
1034	So if you need to negotiate with someone, these dark traits can be like really domineering,	所以,如果你需要与某人谈判, 这些黑暗的特征可能像真正的多明我会,
1035	really kind of, you know, superficially charming sometimes in person.	那种,你知道,表面迷人有时当面。
1036	And then you can kind of like	然后你可以喜欢
1037	let your guard down and they're going to take advantage of you.	放松警惕他们会利用你的
1038	If you reduce them to words	如果你把它们简化成文字
1039	on the page, they lose some of that like charisma, right?	在页面上,他们失去了一些像魅力,对不对?
1040	But there's also other like	但还有一样
1041	practical reasons.	实际原因。
1042	Like, you know, you've got a written version of what was agreed upon.	比如,你知道,你有一个书面版本的约定。
1043	Like	喜欢
1044	you can't gaslight me and tell me, you know, I'm misremembering what we agreed upon later.	你不能用毒气点燃我,告诉我, 你知道,我误记得我们后来商定的。
1045	I've got	我有一个
1046	a written version here.	这里有一个书面版本。
1047	I've got some time to think about how I want to respond.	我有一些时间来思考我想如何回应。
1048	Yeah, exactly.	没错
1049	And, you know, if violence is a concern, say you're talking about, this is a domestic	而且,你知道,如果暴力是一个问题, 说你在谈论,这是一个家庭
1050	violence situation.	暴力状况。
1051	须 get出家.
1052	You've got to maybe negotiate, you know,	你可能得谈判,你知道,
1053	some sort of settlement in a divorce or something.	离婚时的某种和解
1054	Like being face-to-face can be dangerous, right?	像面对面是危险的,对不对?
1055	It literally puts some physical distance between yourself and that other person	从字面上来说,它使你和另一个人之间的距离
1056	if violence is a concern.	如果暴力是一个问题。
1057	So there's all kinds of potential upsides to like,	所以,有各种潜在的颠倒喜欢,
1058	if you got to negotiate, like pop it into text, put it into the chat, as opposed to	如果你必须谈判, 就像把它写成文字, 把它放在聊天,而不是
1059	sitting down face-to-face.	面而坐卧.
1060	I was thinking about all the things that are linked to just having	我当时在想那些和... 拥有...
1061	a bit more time, but also like the medium of text.	多一点时间,但也像文本的介质。
1062	And one of the things that came to mind is if	而想到的一件事是,如果
1063	someone does have those dark personality traits, they are probably more cautious about what they	有人确实有这种黑暗的个性特征, 他们可能更小心他们是什么
1064	say if it's permanent and it's written.	说如是常住亦复如是.
1065	So like, if I was sending you an email, I might say something	所以,如果我给你发邮件,我可能会说点什么
1066	to you in person, but if I would I write that same thing on an email.	但是如果我要在电子邮件上写同样的话
1067	And the other one is	另一个是
1068	in written form, you, as the person that's receiving the, being on the receiving end,	以书面形式你作为接收者处于接收端
1069	you have time to show other people and get another perspective, even if it's like putting it into AI	你有时间向其他人展示并获得另一个视角, 即使它像把它放在AI
1070	or asking Google or checking if the facts are right or asking your husband or partner if this	或问Google 或检查事实是否正确或问你的丈夫或伴侣是否正确
1071	is appropriate behavior.	是适当的行为。
1072	Totally.	当然
1073	And like involving other people can be so helpful.	像让其他人参与会很有帮助的
1074	So research suggests that whenever we discuss with other people before making a truth lie judgment	所以,研究显示,每当我们讨论其他人之前, 真相的判断。
1075	about someone else's statements, we tend to be more accurate.	关于别人的说法, 我们倾向于更准确。
1076	Whenever we're making judgments	当我们做出判断时
1077	about someone's personality, if we're talking as a group, we tend to be more accurate.	关于某人的个性, 如果我们作为一个群体来谈论, 我们倾向于更准确。
1078	Another	又一个
1079	study that Dacher Keltner did, he talked to a bunch of girls in a sorority and asked them	他和一群女生在联谊会上交谈问她们
1080	who gets talked about the most, like in gossip and also had people rate their personality.	他们被谈论得最多, 就像在八卦中, 并且还有人评价他们的个性。
1081	It was the Machiavellian, the more Machiavellian girls who were talked about the most.	是马奇亚维利安人, 更多的马奇亚维利安人谈论最多的。
1082	Talked about positively or negatively?	说正面还是负面?
1083	Negatively.	负面.
1084	Yeah.	对
1085	And so, you know, people sometimes hear about like whisper networks	所以,你知道,人们有时听到像耳语网络
1086	to like stay away from that guy at work or whatever.	喜欢远离那家伙在工作什么的。
1087	So I would, you know, caution just	所以我会,你知道的,小心
1088	believing everything you hear in the rumor mill, but sometimes people, you know, spread information	相信你在传闻厂听到的一切但有时人们,你知道,传播信息
1089	about this is my experience with this person.	这是我和这个人打交道的经验
1090	And we can learn from other people's experience	我们可以学习别人的经验
1091	before having to go through it ourselves if we pay attention.	之前,我们不得不自己经历如果我们关注。
1092	And you've got three final cards down there, which I think are.	你们有三张最后的牌我认为是的
1093	These are three common mistakes people make when dealing with dark personalities.	这是人们在处理黑暗人格时犯下的三个常见错误。
1094	So the first one is just believing there's nothing you can do.	所以第一个只是相信你无能为力。
1095	So, you know, we've talked about how	所以,你知道,我们已经谈论了如何
1096	some of our, our go-to responses when people hurt us, like trying to make them feel badly,	当人们伤害我们时,我们的一些回应, 就像试图让他们感觉很糟,
1097	trying to make them apologize to us, like trying to punish them don't work so well.	试图让他们向我们道歉, 就像试图惩罚他们效果不好。
1098	But we've also talked about all of the things you can do.	但我们也谈过你能做的
1099	Right.	对
1100	So we don't need to feel	所以我们不需要感觉
1101	completely helpless.	完全无助。
1102	Another is assuming they have the same inner experience as you.	另一个是假设他们和你一样有内在经验
1103	You know, when we're trying to figure out what motivates people, again, we talked about this with	你知道,当我们试图找出什么激励人们,再次,我们谈论了这一点
1104	negotiation, right?	谈判,对不对?
1105	Like what motivates you to do a thing might not be the same thing that motivates	就像是什么激励你做一件事可能不是同样的事情
1106	me to do a thing.	我做点什么。
1107	I need to try to get into their head, figure out what their goals are.	我需要试着深入他们的脑海里找出他们的目标
1108	What would be motivating to change their behavior in this situation and try to, you know, frame	是什么促使他们改变行为和尝试,你知道,陷害
1109	our interaction in that way, try to convince them to change your behavior for that reason,	我们通过这种方式进行互动试图说服他们改变你的行为
1110	not because I think they should or not because I would feel guilty if I did what they did.	不是因为我认为他们应该或不应该因为我会觉得内疚如果我做了他们做了什么。
1111	But lastly, you know, is thinking you can change them.	但最后,你知道的,是认为你可以改变它们。
1112	So if your ultimate goal is like,	所以,如果你的最终目标是,
1113	I'm going to stick around and they're going to be kind and honest and they're going to be super	我要留下来,他们要善良和诚实,他们会是超级
1114	conscientious and helpful all the time and never going to break any rules.	总是有良心和有帮助永远不会违反任何规则
1115	Like I think we also	我觉得我们也是
1116	need to be kind of clear-eyed about the likelihood of that happening.	需要有一种清晰的眼睛的可能性发生。
1117	And so instead we need to kind	因此,我们需要调和
1118	of deploy some of these strategies for making our day-to-day interactions a little more positive,	运用其中一些战略,使我们的日常互动更加积极,
1119	as opposed to just hoping that someday they're going to wake up, you know, with a different	而不是只是希望有一天他们会醒来, 你知道,有一个不同的
1120	personality.	个性。
1121	What is the most important thing we haven't talked about that we should have talked about	什么是最重要的事情,我们没有谈论我们本应该谈论
1122	as it relates to your work?	和你的工作有关吗?
1123	And again, zooming in on the people that are listening that might	并再次放大在那些正在听可能
1124	benefit them in their lives.	使他们在生活中受益。
1125	I think it's like a matter of numbers.	我认为这就像一个数字问题。
1126	So, you know, we've talked about the, you know,	所以,你知道,我们谈过,你知道,
1127	10% of people would generally agree with items that we use to measure these traits.	10%的人一般同意我们用来衡量这些特征的项目。
1128	That	那个
1129	means that 90% of people would generally not agree, right?	意味着90%的人一般不会同意对吧?
1130	So I want people to keep into	所以我希望人们继续
1131	perspective that like 90% of people, right, are good and kind and honest and not breaking	90%的人是善良善良诚实而不破裂
1132	the rules.	规则。
1133	We've got this 10%, right?	我们已经得到了这10%,对不对?
1134	That's not to say that 10% is causing little harm.	这并不是说10%的伤害很小。
1135	In fact, they're causing hugely outsized harm, right?	事实上,它们造成了巨大的伤害,对不对?
1136	So like with respect to psychopathy,	就像关于精神病一样
1137	that's about 1% of the population that have clinical levels of it.	大约1%的人口有临床水平
1138	Offenders with clinical	临床罪犯
1139	levels of psychopathy account for about 50% of all serious crime.	精神病患者约占所有严重犯罪的50%。
1140	So these people are	所以这些人
1141	doing incredibly outsized harm.	伤害大得惊人
1142	And we also feel that in our lives too, right?	我们也觉得我们的生活,对不对?
1143	Not necessarily	不见得
1144	in criminal rap sheets, maybe, but we've got like one person who's like constantly making	在犯罪说唱板上,也许, 但我们有像一个人谁喜欢不断制作
1145	things hard because of these traits.	由于这些特点,事情很困难。
1146	They're causing strife at work.	他们在工作时引起纷争
1147	They're abusing people	他们在虐待人
1148	at home.	在家的时候
1149	And so if we can learn to mitigate the damage from just this small, relatively small	所以,如果我们能学会减轻损害从这个小,相对小
1150	group of people, then we can dramatically improve our lives, our workplaces, our interactions day	一群人,然后我们可以大大改善我们的生活,我们的工作场所,我们的互动日
1151	to day.	到今天为止。
1152	We have a closing tradition on this podcast where the last guest leaves a question	我们有一个封闭的传统在这个播客最后的客人留下一个问题
1153	for the next guest, not knowing who they're leaving it for.	对于下一个客人,不知道他们离开它为谁。
1154	Okay.	摆
1155	And the question that's	问题是
1156	been left for you is somewhat relevant.	留给你有点关系
1157	I like that you got this one.	我喜欢你得到这个。
1158	What is one great lie	伟大的谎言是什么
1159	we've all been told?	我们都被告知了?
1160	I think one great lie we've all been told is that to be successful, you have	我想一个伟大的谎言我们都被告知要成功,你有
1161	to be in it for number one.	成为其中的第一。
1162	And you need to, you know, exemplify some of these traits in order to	你需要,你知道, 示范一些这些特征,以便
1163	get that promotion, to get that raise, to run that company that's worth millions of dollars.	升职升职经营价值数百万的公司
1164	And, you know, even I went searching for evidence for that to show that people with high levels of	我连去寻找证据都是为了证明那些高水平的人
1165	psychopathy could use their kind of callous, cunning, you know, fearlessness in order to	精神病患者可以使用他们那种冷酷,狡猾,你知道的,无所畏惧
1166	make more money as hedge fund managers.	作为对冲基金管理者赚更多的钱。
1167	And I found the opposite.	我发现恰恰相反。
1168	And so I think even in those	所以我觉得即使在那些
1169	areas where we think these traits lead to success, they fall short.	我们认为这些特点导致成功的领域,它们还远远不够。
1170	And really taking other people	真正带走别人
1171	with us and thinking about success as, you know, prestige and like respect from other people,	和我们一起思考成功, 作为,你知道,威望像尊重别人,
1172	care and concern about us from other people is a much truer version of success.	关心和关心别人对我们的关心是更真实的成功版本。
1173	Leanne, thank you so much.	莉安,非常感谢
1174	Thank you for writing a book that is incredibly illuminating in a way	谢谢你写了一本书以某种方式令人印象深刻
1175	that is research based, whilst also being just unbelievably engaging.	这是基于研究的,同时也是令人难以置信的参与。
1176	And I think these subjects	我觉得这些话题
1177	are so pertinent to everybody listening.	对每个人来说都很重要
1178	And I know that they're going to love this conversation	我知道他们会喜欢这次谈话的
1179	because much like you were when you started your career, we're all just trying to figure out the	因为就像你开始职业生涯时一样我们都在想
1180	ultimate barrier and opportunity that all sits in front of us.	终极障碍和机会,大家都坐在我们面前。
1181	And that's just other people.	而这只是其他人。
1182	And again, as you said on one of the cards, but you articulated really nicely earlier on,	再说一遍,就像你在一张牌上说的, 但你刚才说得非常好,
1183	we kind of go through the world thinking that everyone else's internal experience is a mirror	我们经历世界以为其他人的内部经历是一面镜子
1184	of ours.	我们的。
1185	And it's very easy to get frustrated or to feel like you're the problem or you're	很容易感到沮丧或者觉得自己是问题或者你是
1186	inadequate.	不够充分。
1187	If that's the lens that you take to life.	如果这就是你夺走生命的镜头
1188	And I think through your research,	我认为通过你的研究,
1189	you do exactly what you said, which is in a weird way, you do make us more empathetic and maybe more	你完全照你说的做这很奇怪你确实让我们更加同情也许更多
1190	optimistic and less cynical about the nature of human experience.	乐观和较少的愤世嫉俗人类经验的性质。
1191	And so this is a wonderful,	因此,这是一个美妙的,
1192	wonderful book for anyone that wants more information.	对想要更多信息的人来说,这本书是很棒的。
1193	I'm going to link it below Poisonous	我要把它连到有毒的地方
1194	How to resist them and improve your life.	如何抵抗他们,改善你的生活.
1195	But also, it might be a good opportunity to buy this book	砛硂琌禦诀穦
1196	for someone else who you know is dealing with a slightly poisonous person.	对另一个你认识的人来说是和一个有点有毒的人打交道
1197	Where do people go to	人们到哪里去
1198	support your work and to find more from you? Where do people go to support your work and to find more from you?	支持你的工作从你身上找到更多? 人们在哪里支持你的工作,并从你那里找到更多的东西?

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