海德格尔论焦虑与此在｜Ellie Anderson

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P1 · 海德格尔论焦虑与此在｜Ellie Anderson p01 上 (P1)

海德格尔论焦虑与此在｜Ellie Anderson p01 上 (P1)

发布于 2026-11-09 · 时长 5:49

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:00	We're often encouraged to think about anxiety as a particular state of mind or even a disorder	我们经常被鼓励 将焦虑视为一种特殊的精神状态 甚至一种障碍
0:06	from which some people suffer.	有些人会因此而受苦。
0:08	The two readings from Heidegger this week offer a profoundly	这周海德格尔的两篇读物 提供了深刻的
0:11	different picture of anxiety.	不同的焦虑画面。
0:14	For Heidegger, anxiety is a fundamental mood that discloses	对于海德格尔来说 焦虑是一种基本情绪 揭示
0:19	us in our very being.	我们身处其中
0:21	It's through anxiety that we find out who we are.	正是通过焦虑才发现自己是谁.
0:26	Now why is this the case?	为什么这样?
0:27	Well, for Heidegger, who we are is what he calls Dasein.	对海德格尔来说 我们就是达辛
0:32	Now you've encountered this word in doing	现在你在做这个时遇到过这个词

展开字幕全文（83 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	We're often encouraged to think about anxiety as a particular state of mind or even a disorder	我们经常被鼓励 将焦虑视为一种特殊的精神状态 甚至一种障碍
2	from which some people suffer.	有些人会因此而受苦。
3	The two readings from Heidegger this week offer a profoundly	这周海德格尔的两篇读物 提供了深刻的
4	different picture of anxiety.	不同的焦虑画面。
5	For Heidegger, anxiety is a fundamental mood that discloses	对于海德格尔来说 焦虑是一种基本情绪 揭示
6	us in our very being.	我们身处其中
7	It's through anxiety that we find out who we are.	正是通过焦虑才发现自己是谁.
8	Now why is this the case?	为什么这样?
9	Well, for Heidegger, who we are is what he calls Dasein.	对海德格尔来说 我们就是达辛
10	Now you've encountered this word in doing	现在你在做这个时遇到过这个词
11	the reading and if you haven't read Heidegger before, you're probably pretty confused about	如果你以前没读过海德格尔的书 你可能会很困惑
12	what it means.	这是什么意思?
13	Dasein, D-A-S-E-I-N, is a German word that means existence.	达塞因(Dasein,D-A-S-E-I-N)是一个德语单词,意为存在.
14	It's an interesting	这很有趣
15	word, however, and one that translators usually keep in German because it's a combination of two	但是,一个词, 翻译通常用德语,因为它是两个的组合
16	other German words.	其他德语词。
17	Da, which means there, and Sein, which means being.	达,意思是那里 盛,意思是存在
18	So Dasein is this word	所以达辛是这个词
19	for existence that literally means being there.	因为存在意味着存在
20	This is essential for Heidegger.	这对海德格尔至关重要
21	He plays a lot	他经常弹琴
22	with the literal meaning of this word because for him it shows that being is always being in the world,	和这个词的字面意义 因为对于他来说,它显示 永远在世界上,
23	being in an environment, being there, being somewhere.	在一个环境, 在那里,在某处。
24	Existence is always already outside	存在总是在外头
25	of itself.	自己来。
26	To exist means to stand outside oneself in the sense that we have the capacity	存在意味着我们有能力 站在自己之外
27	to distance ourselves from our own existence and reflect on it.	远离我们自己的存在,并思考它。
28	I am able to ask questions such as	我可以问诸如
29	Who am I?	我是谁?
30	and Why am I here?	为什么我在这里?
31	But this ability to distance myself is rooted in my situatedness	但这种自我疏远的能力 根植于我的定位
32	in the world.	在这个世界。
33	I'm never fully distant or fully separate from my environment.	我从来没有完全远离 或完全脱离我的环境。
34	I'm always in	我总是在
35	relation to it.	与此有关。
36	Now anxiety discloses a fundamental way of relating to my environment and to my world.	现在,焦虑揭示了一种与我的环境和世界有关的基本方式。
37	And this way of relating is the mode of nothingness.	这种联系方式是虚无模式。
38	You may have sometimes found	你有时会发现
39	yourself going about your daily life, you know, doing your random activities, doing your work,	自己去你的日常生活, 你知道,做你的随机活动, 做你的工作,
40	talking with friends, etc.	与朋友交谈,等等。
41	And then having a moment of catching yourself wondering Why am I here?	然后,有一个时刻 抓住自己想知道为什么我在这里?
42	Or you find yourself suddenly experiencing a familiar word appearing unfamiliar,	或者你突然发现自己 经历了一个熟悉的字 似乎不熟悉,
43	or you enter a place you've been to many times before but suddenly it seems different.	或者你进入一个你去过很多次的地方 但突然间它似乎不同了
44	It seems off.	似乎脱了
45	In these situations we get jolted out of our almost robotic habitual way of living	在这种情况下,我们从我们几乎是机器人的 习惯生活方式中被唤醒
46	and we come face to face with the fact that we exist in relation to that world, that we exist	我们面对现实,即我们存在于这个世界中,
47	as freedoms in relation to that world.	作为与世界相关的自由。
48	This is the disclosure of the nothing for Heidegger.	这是为海德格尔透露的
49	So anxiety is that moment of being jolted out of your everyday way of living and seeing	所以,焦虑是那一刻 被唤醒 从你的日常生活和看到
50	that things are kind of funny.	事情有点好笑。
51	Oh, I'm expected to go to this meeting at 4pm.	我下午4点要参加这个会议
52	But I could not	但我无法
53	go to that meeting and it's up to me to go to that meeting and only me to go to that meeting.	参加那次会议 得由我去参加那次会议 只有我去参加那次会议
54	That is anxiety for Heidegger.	这是海德格尔的焦虑
55	Now, anxiety, he knows is something that it's not like we're	现在,焦虑,他知道的东西 它不是我们
56	experiencing it all the time, right?	经常经历,对吧?
57	It's quite unpleasant to experience in many cases.	在很多情况下都很难过
58	And it's	这是
59	nice to go about our lives without a constant anxiety surrounding us, right?	愉快地走过我们的生活 没有我们身边的持续焦虑,对不对?
60	There's a reason	有个原因
61	why people who experience anxiety constantly want to find some way to get out of that to resolve	为何有焦虑经历的人 总是想想办法摆脱困境
62	the州.
63	And so it's not as if he's saying like, let's be anxious all the time.	因此,这不是像他说, 让我们一直焦虑。
64	He's acknowledging	他承认
65	that it only appears in certain contexts, but he says that certain contexts in which it appears	但是他说,它出现在某些背景下
66	actually reveal that anxiety was sort of there in a quiet, asleep state all along, because we are	实际上,它揭示了 焦虑是那种 在一个安静的,睡眠状态 一直,因为我们是
67	always free in relation to our environment.	我们的环境总是自由的
68	And we are always in a sense outside of ourselves,	我们总是在某种意义上 我们自己之外,
69	having this unique relation to our world.	与我们的世界有着独特的关系
70	Anxiety for Heidegger is a peculiar experience	对海德格尔的焦虑是一种特殊的经历
71	of no longer feeling at home in the world.	不再感觉 在家里的世界。
72	But we can only no longer feel at home in the world if we	但是,我们不能再感到 在世界上的家,如果我们
73	already did feel at home in the world.	已经感觉在世界上的家。
74	So part of the beauty and anxiety is that by removing	所以美和焦虑的一部分 就是通过去除
75	our state of being at home in the world, we come to recognize that we were at home in the world to	我们终于认识到 我们身处世界的家园
76	begin with, in the same way that feeling a pinch in our shoe reveals to us and makes us appreciate	开始,同样地, 感觉我们鞋里的一丝一毫 揭示给我们,让我们欣赏
77	the comfort that we had before we had the pinch in our shoe.	在鞋被捏伤之前的舒适感
78	This state of not feeling at home	这种感觉不在家里
79	in the world is the German word Unheimlichkeit, which literally means unhomeliness, but is often	世界上的德语词是 Unheimlichkeit, 字面意思是不体面,但往往是
80	translated as uncanniness.	译为无明.
81	When things feel uncanny, bizarre, strange, they are unhomely.	当事物感到不可思议,奇异,奇异时,它们不在家。
82	So you might reflect on an example in your own life of when you have felt the sort of dizziness	所以,你可以思考一个例子 在你自己的生活,当你感觉 那种眩晕
83	of nothingness, the dizziness of freedom, perhaps the dizziness of nothingness, the dizziness of	无所事事 自由的眩晕 也许是无所事事的眩晕

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P2 · 海德格尔论焦虑与此在｜Ellie Anderson p02 下 (P2)

海德格尔论焦虑与此在｜Ellie Anderson p02 下 (P2)

发布于 2026-11-09 · 时长 7:08

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:00	at home in the world to begin with.	在家里的世界开始。
0:02	In the same way that feeling a pinch in our	同样的感觉
0:06	shoe reveals to us and makes us appreciate the comfort that we had	鞋向我们揭示 并让我们欣赏 我们的舒适
0:13	before we have the pinch in our shoe.	之前,我们有 夹在我们的鞋。
0:16	This state of not feeling at home in the	这种感觉 在家里
0:18	world is the German word Unheimlichkeit which literally means unhomeliness but	世界是德文词Unheimlichkeit 字面意思是不体面,但是
0:25	is often translated as uncanniness.	常被翻译为无魅力.
0:29	When things feel uncanny, bizarre, strange,	当事情感到不可思议,奇怪,奇怪,
0:34	they are unhomely.	他们不在家。
0:37	So you might reflect on an example in your own life of when	所以,你可以思考 在自己的生活中的一个例子

展开字幕全文（116 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	at home in the world to begin with.	在家里的世界开始。
2	In the same way that feeling a pinch in our	同样的感觉
3	shoe reveals to us and makes us appreciate the comfort that we had	鞋向我们揭示 并让我们欣赏 我们的舒适
4	before we have the pinch in our shoe.	之前,我们有 夹在我们的鞋。
5	This state of not feeling at home in the	这种感觉 在家里
6	world is the German word Unheimlichkeit which literally means unhomeliness but	世界是德文词Unheimlichkeit 字面意思是不体面,但是
7	is often translated as uncanniness.	常被翻译为无魅力.
8	When things feel uncanny, bizarre, strange,	当事情感到不可思议,奇怪,奇怪,
9	they are unhomely.	他们不在家。
10	So you might reflect on an example in your own life of when	所以,你可以思考 在自己的生活中的一个例子
11	you have felt the sort of dizziness of nothingness, the dizziness of freedom.	你感受到了虚无的眩晕 自由的眩晕
12	Perhaps it came about when you realized that you could do things differently	也许当你意识到 你可以做不同的事情
13	than you have always done them.	比你以前做过的还要多
14	Perhaps you realize that the delimited set of	可能你意识到 被划定的一组
15	options that were given to you are not the only options there are and that you	给您的选项并非唯一的选项
16	could choose to do nothing or to do something entirely out of left field.	可以选择什么都不做 或者做一些完全脱离左侧领域的事情
17	In	内
18	a sense, the experience of nothingness that one encounters in anxiety is the	一种感觉,一个人在焦虑中遇到的无所事事的经历是
19	source of creativity.	创造力的来源。
20	Heidegger says that anxiety can evoke wonder and that it is	海德格尔说,焦虑可以引起好奇,而且它是
21	in alliance with creative longing and with cheerfulness even because that	与有创意的渴望和欢乐结盟,即使因为
22	moment of anxiety can cause us to sort of come into our own for the first time.	焦虑的瞬间会让我们 第一次进入我们自己
23	For Heidegger, anxiety is the fundamental mood of nothingness and	对海德格尔来说 焦虑是无所事事的基本情绪
24	nothingness paves the way for us to be able to become a self and to be able to	虚无为我们成为自我和自我铺平了道路
25	take up our own freedom.	获得我们自己的自由。
26	This is, for instance, one reason perhaps that a lot	举例来说,这也许是很多
27	of adolescents feel themselves anxious because they're emerging out of the	青少年感到焦虑,因为他们正在走出
28	acceptance of habitual ways of being in childhood but they're not yet at the	接受在童年时期的习惯方式,但他们还没有进入
29	place where they're accepting the status quo as adults.	那里是他们接受现状的地方
30	Those of you who've	你们这些家伙
31	studied existentialism before may hear some strong resonances with other	在研究存在主义之前,可能听到一些与其他人的强烈共鸣
32	thinkers and indeed even though Heidegger never called himself an	虽然海德格尔从未自称
33	existentialist, he is generally considered to be one.	存在主义者,一般认为他是一个.
34	Those of you who	你们这些
35	studied existentialism will also know that practically nobody who was an	研究的存在主义也会知道,实际上没有人是
36	existentialist called themselves an existentialist except for Sartre and	存在主义者自称存在主义者,除了萨特和
37	Beauvoir.	博沃伊尔。
38	But in any case, this theme of nothingness as disclosing freedom and of	但无论如何,这个无所事事的主题 揭示了自由
39	anxiety as triggering that experience of nothingness is one that Heidegger takes	海德格尔所经历的
40	from previous existential thinkers such as Soren Kierkegaard, the 19th century	19世纪的索伦·基尔凯加德
41	Danish philosopher.	丹麦哲学家.
42	Kierkegaard焦虑理论的一个要素
43	Heidegger picks up on in the text we're reading for today is the idea that	海德格尔在今天我们阅读的文本中 提出这样的想法:
44	anxiety is different from fear.	焦虑与恐惧不同。
45	Fear has a determinant object.	恐惧有一个决定性的物体。
46	So I'm afraid of	所以,我担心
47	spiders or I'm afraid of heights or I'm afraid of vases.	蜘蛛或者我怕高或者我怕花瓶
48	In any case, those	无论如何,这些
49	determinant objects that fear has are what characterizes fear and we tend to	恐惧的决定因素是恐惧的特征 我们倾向于
50	flee things that we are afraid of.	逃离我们害怕的东西。
51	Anxiety has a very different relation to	焦虑症与
52	its object because anxiety doesn't have a determinant object.	它的物体 因为焦虑没有决定性的物体。
53	For Heidegger, it	对于海德格尔来说
54	doesn't actually make sense to say that you're anxious about something, right?	说出你对某件事的焦虑是没有道理的 对吧?
55	To	改为
56	say you're anxious about an upcoming essay or about finding a job after	说你很担心即将到来的论文 或者在之后找到工作
57	college.	大学。
58	What you are actually anxious about is nothing.	你其实很担心什么
59	When you think you are	当你觉得自己是
60	anxious about finding a job after college, you are actually anxious about	担心大学毕业后找工作 你其实很担心
61	your own nothingness.	你自己的虚无。
62	The fact that you are a freedom.	你是一个自由的事实。
63	For Heidegger and for	对于海德格尔和
64	existentialists in general, freedom and nothingness are very closely interwoven.	一般来说,自由与虚无是紧密交织在一起的。
65	You are anxious about the fact that it must be you who takes on the task of	你担心你必须承担
66	finding the job, who gets the job, who shows up to the job.	找到工作,谁得到工作,谁来上班。
67	And so you're not	所以你没有
68	actually anxious about getting a job according to Heidegger so much as you	和你一样急着找工作
69	are anxious about your own nothingness in relation to the job.	担心自己在工作上一无所有
70	The fact that you	你的事实
71	could not find any job at all.	根本找不到任何工作。
72	The fact that you could not show up to the job on	你无法来上班的事实
73	the first day of work.	工作第一天开始
74	The fact that literally nothing is determining that	事实上,什么也没有决定
75	you will get a job.	你会得到一份工作。
76	You might have a lot of factors going in your favor, right?	你可能会有很多因素 对你有利,对不对?
77	Graduating from an excellent college, having a couple of jobs and internships	从一所优秀的大学毕业, 有一些工作和实习
78	under your belt, having good grades, but none of those is determining that you'll	在你的腰带下,有良好的成绩, 但没有一个 确定你会
79	get a job.	找个工作。
80	They're just making it more likely.	他们只是让它更可能。
81	There is this profound gap or	有一个巨大的差距,或者
82	nothingness between the factors of yourself and your past history and your	与你过去的历史和你的
83	environment that are leading you towards getting a job and the actual job that	环境 引导你找到工作 和实际的工作
84	you may or may not get.	你可能或不会得到。
85	And that gap is nothingness.	而那个差距是虚无的。
86	It is your freedom, is the	这是你的自由,是
87	fact that nobody can live your life for you, can get the job for you.	没有人能为你活下去 就能为你找到工作
88	One way	单程
89	that Heidegger talks about this in other parts of being in time is that nobody	海德格尔在其它时间里 谈论这个问题的是 没有人
90	can die your own death for you.	为你而死
91	Even if somebody sacrifices themselves for you,	即使有人为你牺牲自己
92	they will still be dying their own death.	他们仍然会自己死去
93	Death individualizes us.	死亡让我们个性化
94	Anxiety	焦虑
95	individualizes us and it individualizes us not by making us into this entire	使我们个性化,它让我们个性化 而不是把我们变成这个整体
96	whole of here are all of your characteristics and qualities and you are	这里的全部都是你的特质和品质 而你是
97	defined by those, but it individualizes you by making you realize that you are	由这些定义,但它使你个性化 通过让你意识到你是
98	your own nothingness.	你自己的虚无。
99	You are your own freedom.	你属于你自己的自由。
100	And although this might sound	虽然这听起来
101	pretty scary, it involves quite a lot of responsibility, right?	非常可怕,这涉及到很多责任,对不对?
102	Heidegger suggests	海德格尔建议
103	that anxiety brings with it a certain kind of calm because it means that we are	焦虑带来某种平静 因为这意味着我们
104	no longer fleeing.	再也不会逃跑了
105	When we come face to face with something that we're afraid of,	当我们面对面面对 我们害怕的东西,
106	our instinct is often to flee it.	我们的本能就是逃离它
107	But because anxiety has no determinate object,	但因为焦虑没有确定的目标,
108	if we rest in it, we're actually resting in nothingness.	如果我们在其中休息, 我们实际上休息 在虚无。
109	That for Heidegger can	对于海德格尔可以
110	bring about a sense of peace and repose and acceptance of the nothingness that we	带来和平感 安息和接受 我们的虚无
111	are.	对
112	Of the fact that as much as our environments are buoying us up and in some	尽管我们的环境 正在把我们提升和一些
113	cases pressing us down, they are also not the whole story.	案件让我们失望, 他们也不是整个故事。
114	Yes, we are Dasein.	是的 我们是达辛
115	We are being in the world, but we are also in a very important sense, nothing.	我们正在世界,但我们在非常重要的意义上却一无所有。
116	We are freedom.	我们是自由。

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