古代巫术｜伦敦大学
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:08 | Good evening and welcome everybody to Senate House. | 晚上好 欢迎大家来到参议院 |
| 0:13 | My name is Emma Bridges and when I'm | 我叫艾玛・布里奇斯,当我是 |
| 0:15 | not channeling Hecate, I'm usually the Public Engagement Fellow here at the Institute of | 我通常都是研究所的 公共参与研究员 |
| 0:19 | Classical Studies. | 古典主义研究. |
| 0:21 | It's great to see so many of you here for a magical evening. | 很高兴看到你们这么多人在这里过着神奇的夜晚 |
| 0:25 | I'm really | 我确实 |
| 0:25 | glad I'm not the only one who turned up in costume. | 幸好不是只有我穿着服装出现 |
| 0:29 | Now the magic you're going to see | 现在你看到的魔法 |
| 0:30 | tonight might not be what you are expecting. | 今晚也许不是你所期望的 |
| 0:34 | We haven't got any rabbits in hats and we | 我们没有兔子戴帽子 |
展开字幕全文（1144 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Good evening and welcome everybody to Senate House. | 晚上好 欢迎大家来到参议院 |
| 2 | My name is Emma Bridges and when I'm | 我叫艾玛・布里奇斯,当我是 |
| 3 | not channeling Hecate, I'm usually the Public Engagement Fellow here at the Institute of | 我通常都是研究所的 公共参与研究员 |
| 4 | Classical Studies. | 古典主义研究. |
| 5 | It's great to see so many of you here for a magical evening. | 很高兴看到你们这么多人在这里过着神奇的夜晚 |
| 6 | I'm really | 我确实 |
| 7 | glad I'm not the only one who turned up in costume. | 幸好不是只有我穿着服装出现 |
| 8 | Now the magic you're going to see | 现在你看到的魔法 |
| 9 | tonight might not be what you are expecting. | 今晚也许不是你所期望的 |
| 10 | We haven't got any rabbits in hats and we | 我们没有兔子戴帽子 |
| 11 | instead, among other things, we're going to be sharing curses and spells and divining | 反之,除了别的以外,我们将 分享诅咒和咒语 和占卜 |
| 12 | the future. | 未来 |
| 13 | And with any luck, our resident Cersei will be turning humans into beasts. | 运气好的话 我们的居民瑟曦会把人类变成野兽 |
| 14 | So this is how it's going to go. | 所以事情是这样的 |
| 15 | The first hour is going to consist of some short talks | 第一个小时是短谈 |
| 16 | by our fantastic guest speakers, all of whom are experts on magic in its various forms. | 由我们出色的客座演讲者组成,他们都是不同形式的魔术专家。 |
| 17 | Each talk will last for about 15 minutes. | 每次谈话将持续约15分钟. |
| 18 | The speakers won't be taking questions between | 演讲者不会在彼此之间提问 |
| 19 | the talks, but several of them are staying around until later, so you're more than welcome | 会谈,但是他们中有几个人呆到后来,所以你非常欢迎 |
| 20 | to come and have a chat to them in the second half of the evening. | 下半晚来和他们谈谈 |
| 21 | From 7pm, you're then | 从晚上7点开始,你就是 |
| 22 | going to be invited to explore some ancient magic for yourself by taking a look at some | 将会被邀请去探索一些 古老的魔法给自己 通过看看一些 |
| 23 | of the hands-on activities and displays that our colleagues have put together around the | 我们的同事们在《公约》 |
| 24 | room. | 房间 |
| 25 | There'll also be some drinks outside in the crush hall of the soft and non-soft | 软的和不软的 粉碎的大厅外面也会有一些饮料 |
| 26 | varieties during that time as well, and we'll wrap up at 8 o'clock. | 那时的品种也一样, 我们会在8点结束。 |
| 27 | A couple of housekeeping | 一对夫妇的家务 |
| 28 | issues. | 问题。 |
| 29 | If you are on Twitter, we would love it if you would tweet about the event either | 如果你在推特上,我们会很高兴 如果你在推特上提到这件事情 |
| 30 | this evening or afterwards using the hashtag that we've been using, ICSMagic, because we'd | 今晚或之后使用我们一直使用的标签,ICSMAGIC,因为我们会 |
| 31 | love to hear your thoughts about the evening. | 很高兴听到你对晚上的想法 |
| 32 | And we've got one final plea. | 而且我们还有最后的辩护 |
| 33 | We're very | 我们非常 |
| 34 | keen here to ensure that our public events are relevant and interesting for the audiences | 热衷于确保我们的公开活动与观众相关和有趣 |
| 35 | who attend them. | 他们参加。 |
| 36 | So if you did sign up via email, you'll receive a link tomorrow for | 所以,如果你真的通过电子邮件报名, 你将会得到一个链接明天 |
| 37 | a very short survey. | 一个很短的调查。 |
| 38 | We'd be hugely grateful if you could complete it just to help us inform | 我们非常感激你能完成它 只是帮助我们通知 |
| 39 | our planning of future events, and there's also a small incentive to complete it in the | 我们对未来事件的规划, 还有一点小的激励 完成它 |
| 40 | form of a prize draw. | 奖励抽奖的形式。 |
| 41 | But for now, I do hope you enjoy a magical evening with us, and it's | 但现在,我确实希望 你享受一个神奇的夜晚 与我们在一起,这是 |
| 42 | time for me to introduce our first speaker, who is Professor Helen King. | 是时候让我介绍我们的第一位演讲人了 他是海伦·金教授 |
| 43 | Helen is Professor | 海伦是教授 |
| 44 | – oh, sorry about that – Helen's Professor Emerita in Classical Studies at The Open University, | - 哦,对不起。 - 海伦的教授Emerita 在开放大学的古典研究, |
| 45 | and she's an expert on ancient medicine, gender, and the history of the body. | 她是古医学专家 性别专家 身体历史专家 |
| 46 | She's | 琌 |
| 47 | written books and articles on everything from midwifery to death and pretty much every stage | 写书和文章 从助产到死亡 几乎每个阶段 |
| 48 | of life in between. | 生活之间。 |
| 49 | Tonight, Helen's going to talk to us about Greenstone's Red Wall, | 今晚 海伦要和我们谈谈绿石的红墙 |
| 50 | colour and touch in ancient Greek magic and medicine. | 颜色和触摸古希腊魔法和医学。 |
| 51 | Thanks, Emma. | 谢谢 艾玛 |
| 52 | 我没有PowerPoint。 | |
| 53 | 我是"PowerPoint"杂志的女记者 | |
| 54 | I'm using your | 我用你的电话 |
| 55 | imaginations. | 想象力。 |
| 56 | That's the idea. | 就是这样 |
| 57 | Now, I'm quite excited to be here, not least because | 现在,我很兴奋 来到这里,尤其是因为 |
| 58 | I want to hear what everyone else has to say, but also because I have an evil bug. | 我想听听其他人要说什么 但也因为我有一个邪恶的虫子 |
| 59 | I've had this for 10 days. | 我已经喝了十天了 |
| 60 | It's been moving through my body systems. | 它一直在移动 通过我的身体系统。 |
| 61 | Just when you think | 当你觉得 |
| 62 | it's done one, it then goes back to it again, and I feel somewhat death-like, which is sort | 它做了一个,然后又回到它, 我感觉有点像死亡,这是排序 |
| 63 | of appropriate for Halloween. | 适合万圣节。 |
| 64 | But nevertheless, I'm here, and I'm wondering, has somebody | 但不管怎样,我在这里, 我想知道,有人 |
| 65 | put a spell on me? | 对我施咒? |
| 66 | Is there someone even now who has got a little doll of me and they're | 现在还有人有我这个小娃娃吗? |
| 67 | twisting bits of it? | 扭伤? |
| 68 | In which case, could you please lay off the sinuses? | 那样的话 你能不能把鼻涕管放下? |
| 69 | Because they've | 因为他们已经 |
| 70 | been going for quite a while now. | 已经走了很久了 |
| 71 | My quest for explanation, why have I got this thing, | 我寻求解释, 为什么我得到了这个东西, |
| 72 | is I think relevant to what I want to talk about today. | 我认为与今天我想谈的事有关 |
| 73 | My title, Greenstone's Red Wall, | 我的头衔,绿石的红墙, |
| 74 | Colour and Touch in Ancient Greek Magic and Medicine, is supposed to make you think about | 古希腊魔法和医学中的颜色和触摸 让你思考 |
| 75 | the material culture elements of magic, the stuff that we use, the materials, the objects, | 魔法的物质文化元素, 我们使用的东西, 材料,物品, |
| 76 | the feel, the look, but also supposed to make you think a bit about magic and medicine. | 感觉,外表,但也该让你思考一下魔法和医学 |
| 77 | Where do we draw the line? | 我们在哪里划线? |
| 78 | Where do we go for our explanations? | 我们去哪里解释? |
| 79 | If one explanation doesn't | 如果一个解释没有 |
| 80 | work, where do we go to next? | 工作,我们要去哪里下一个? |
| 81 | Where do we start with our explanations, and where do | 我们从哪里开始解释,从哪里开始? |
| 82 | we stop? | 我们停下来? |
| 83 | And I want to show you by the end that there is still magic in medicine today. | 我最后想向你们展示,今天医学上还有魔法。 |
| 84 | Magic and medicine are always connected. | 魔法和药物总是互相连接的. |
| 85 | Now then, Greenstone's, let's think about Greenstone's. | 现在,绿石公司, 让我们想想绿石公司。 |
| 86 | The first century AD writer, Dioscarides, who wrote on the properties of various different | 第一世纪的AD作家Dioscarides, 他写了各种不同的属性 |
| 87 | materials, the medical properties, his book was called De Materia Medica, which is literally | 他的书叫做德·马泰里亚·梅迪卡 字面意思是 |
| 88 | on medical materials, on the stuff that you use for medicine. | 关于医疗材料, 关于你用药的东西。 |
| 89 | But in that book, he mentions | 但是在那本书里 他提到 |
| 90 | green stones as a medicine, sort of, saying that you can use them as an amulet, something | 绿宝石作为一种药, 某种程度上,说 你可以用它们作为护身符,东西 |
| 91 | you put on your body, to speed up delivery in childbirth. | 你把身体, 加快分娩。 |
| 92 | But Dioscarides, as someone | 但狄奥斯卡里兹,作为某人 |
| 93 | who deals with the medicinal powers of substances, is quite sniffy about amulets, and that tends | 处理药物的药力, 相当嗅觉的乳腺, |
| 94 | to be the way ancient medicine goes. | 成为古老的医学 |
| 95 | So, second century AD, Serranus, talks about how women | 因此,第二世纪的公元,塞拉努斯, 谈论如何女性 |
| 96 | in childbirth often use amulets. | 分娩时经常使用乳腺。 |
| 97 | He says they don't do anything, just fluff, really. | 他说他们什么也不做,只是绒毛,真的。 |
| 98 | But | 不过 |
| 99 | on the other hand, they are sort of soothing to the women who use them. | 另一方面,她们对使用她们的妇女也是一种安慰。 |
| 100 | So therefore, he | 因此,他应该 |
| 101 | says, don't stop women using amulets. | 说别阻止女人用木乃伊 |
| 102 | So it's quite a sort of patronizing approach | 所以,这是一种相当 优待的方法 |
| 103 | to this magical line, that they don't actually do anything, but on the other hand, they are | 但是从另一方面来说,他们是 |
| 104 | placebo, they make you feel better. | 安慰剂,它们让你感觉更好。 |
| 105 | You're trying to do something by hanging an amulet | 你想用护身符做点什么 |
| 106 | on yourself. | 自己来 |
| 107 | And amulets do tend to get associated with women in the ancient world, which is | 在古代世界中, 女人往往会与女人联系在一起, |
| 108 | another reason why, you know, we probably don't think about them. | 另一个原因,你知道, 我们可能不考虑他们。 |
| 109 | We don't have women's | 我们没有女人的 |
| 110 | writings much, just a little bit of Sappho, the odd bit here and there. | 写了很多,只是一点点的莎比, 奇怪的地方在这里和那里。 |
| 111 | So we don't have | 所以我们没有 |
| 112 | anything to talk to us, really, about how amulets were used by women. | 和我们谈什么,真的,关于 女人如何使用木乃伊。 |
| 113 | They just turn | 他们只是转身 |
| 114 | up occasionally in male authors. | 偶尔在男性作者。 |
| 115 | 一个伟大的例子是Plutarch对Pericles的生活, | |
| 116 | the great Athenian general. | 伟大的雅典将军 |
| 117 | When Pericles was ill, we're told that the women hung | 当Pericles生病,我们被告知 女人挂 |
| 118 | amulets on him. | 以他为首 |
| 119 | So this image of Pericles is like a giant Christmas tree, you know, | 所以Pericles的这个形象 就像一棵巨大的圣诞树,你知道, |
| 120 | with things hanging all over him as people come in and hang another one on to see if | 到处挂着东西 当人们进来再挂一个 |
| 121 | that's going to do the job. | 这会做工作。 |
| 122 | Actually, no, it didn't. | 其实没有 |
| 123 | He died. | 他过世了 |
| 124 | Amulets, eh? | 阿穆莱特? |
| 125 | So it's sort | 所以有点 |
| 126 | of what women do, and it's sort of, oh, well, you know, if they must. | 女人的工作, 和它有点,哦,嗯,你知道, 如果他们必须。 |
| 127 | The person, however, | 但该人, |
| 128 | who really gets into the heart of magic and medicine and how the two are supposed to work | 谁真正进入了魔法和药物的心脏 以及他们应该如何工作 |
| 129 | is not one of the medical writers you'd expect. | 并不是你期望的医学作家之一。 |
| 130 | It's the biggie. | 是大义. |
| 131 | It's Galen. | 是伽蓝. |
| 132 | Galen, the doctor | 盖伦,医生 |
| 133 | to the Roman emperors in the second century AD, who actually talks about what amulets | 在公元二世纪的罗马皇帝们, 他们实际上谈论什么阿穆莱特 |
| 134 | do and how they work. | 和他们如何工作。 |
| 135 | He says that green jasper, it's green again, green jasper as an amulet | 他说,绿色的Jasper, 它又绿色,绿色的jasper作为一个护身符 |
| 136 | is good for disorders of the stomach and the esophagus, the tube here. | 对胃部和食道,管子有帮助 |
| 137 | And he says, quote, | 他说,引言, |
| 138 | I made a string of small stones of green jasper and hung it from my neck at such a length | 我做了一串小石头 绿色的Jasper 从我的脖子上挂了这么长的 |
| 139 | that the stones touched my esophagus. | 那些石头触动了我的食道 |
| 140 | So think about that. | 所以考虑一下 |
| 141 | They're touching. | 他们感动。 |
| 142 | There's a physical | 有一个物理 |
| 143 | awareness. | 认识。 |
| 144 | You have to put them in the right place or they won't work, but you're actually | 你得把它们放在合适的地方 否则它们就不行了 但你其实是 |
| 145 | putting them on the part that's affected. | 把它们放在受到影响的部分。 |
| 146 | You're aware of them. | 你知道他们。 |
| 147 | You're thinking about | 你在考虑 |
| 148 | the fact you're doing something to make yourself feel better all the time. | 事实上,你正在做一些事情 让自己感觉更好所有的时间。 |
| 149 | And they work. | 他们工作。 |
| 150 | Galen | 加伦 |
| 151 | is very much in favor of green jasper for disorders of the stomach. | 非常赞成用绿色的 Jasper来治疗胃部的紊乱 |
| 152 | This is in his book | 这是他的书 |
| 153 | on simple medicines, and in the same text, he also talks about an amulet made from the | 在同一个文本中,他还谈到从美国制造的护身符。 |
| 154 | root of a plant, the peony. | 一个植物的根,小马。 |
| 155 | And that, he says, stops epileptic seizures. | 他说,停止癫痫发作。 |
| 156 | He tried that out | 他试过了 |
| 157 | on a boy who had epileptic seizures. | 一个癫痫发作的男孩 |
| 158 | He hung a peony root around the boy's neck. | 他在孩子的脖子上挂了根马根 |
| 159 | While | 虽然 |
| 160 | it was there, the boy had no seizures. | 在那里,男孩没有癫痫。 |
| 161 | As soon as it was taken off, the boy had seizures. | 刚脱下来,那男孩就发作了 |
| 162 | As soon as a fresh one was put back, he stopped the seizures. | 新鲜的一放回去,他就停止了癫痫发作. |
| 163 | So Galen is aware of this power | 所以盖伦知道这种力量 |
| 164 | of objects, but he's not quite sure what you do about that. | 但是他不太知道你会怎么做 |
| 165 | With the peony, he explains | 他用小马解释 |
| 166 | it by saying that the peony root has a particular quality, the quality of drying. | 它通过说 土豆根有 特殊的质量, 烘干的质量。 |
| 167 | And epilepsy | 还有癫痫 |
| 168 | and seizures go back to the Hippocratics as something that comes from phlegm. | 而癫痫症又会回到希波克拉底人身上 成为来自法莱姆的东西 |
| 169 | Oh, I know | 哦,我知道了,我记得 |
| 170 | about that. | 关于那个。 |
| 171 | Phlegm that comes down from the head and causes seizures. | 从头部掉下来并引起癫痫发作 |
| 172 | I haven't had those | 我没有吃过 |
| 173 | yet, so the night is young. | 然而,所以夜晚是年轻的。 |
| 174 | So drying would be something that would cure seizures because | 因此,干燥是能够治愈癫痫的东西,因为 |
| 175 | phlegm is cold and wet. | 滇水寒湿. |
| 176 | So you can see what's going on there, but he also talks a bit more | 所以,你可以看到发生了什么, 但他也说话多一点 |
| 177 | 关于绿色的Jasper。 | |
| 178 | Galen says the question in his mind is, is it the stone that has the | 盖伦说,他心中的问题是, 是石头有 |
| 179 | quality, like the peony root, actually has a quality? | 质素,像小马根一样,真的有质素吗? |
| 180 | Or is it that people often put | 或者是人们经常放 |
| 181 | some sort of medicinal, magical symbols on the stone? | 石头上有药用魔法符号吗? |
| 182 | 现在,我看到了PowerPoint | |
| 183 | that's showing at the back there has eventually, you don't need to look at it now because it's | 在后面显示的 最终,你不需要 现在看它,因为它 |
| 184 | not doing it, but has quite a lot of these objects. | 不这样做,但有很多这些东西。 |
| 185 | If you want to see big blown up examples | 如果你想看到大爆炸的例子 |
| 186 | of ancient amulet figures. | 古代的护身符 |
| 187 | And often the stone's quite small, but someone has incised on it | 石头常常很小,但有人在石头上画过 |
| 188 | magical words or a magical symbol, often the serpent swallowing its own tail, symbol of | 神奇的文字或神奇的象征, 往往蛇吞噬自己的尾巴,象征着 |
| 189 | infinity, I believe. | 我相信是无限的 |
| 190 | But with the green jasper, it's usually a snake, a snake with seven rays | 但随着绿色的Jasper,它通常是一条蛇,一条有七光的蛇 |
| 191 | coming out from its head. | 从其头而出. |
| 192 | And this is supposed to go back, Galen thinks, to ancient Egypt. | Galen认为,这应该回到古埃及。 |
| 193 | So that's also quite interesting, it's got a sort of link to an alien culture, a sort | 这也很有趣,它和异形文化有某种联系,一种 |
| 194 | of magical past, powerful culture that also gives it some potency. | 神奇的过去 强大的文化 也赋予它一些力量 |
| 195 | But Galen says, no | 但加伦说,不 |
| 196 | it's not the snake image, it's the stone. | 不是蛇的形象 而是石头 |
| 197 | The material itself, just like with the peony | 材料本身,就像小马一样 |
| 198 | root, the material itself has power. | 根,物质本身有力量. |
| 199 | And he said, he knows that because even if you use | 他说,他知道这一点,因为即使你用 |
| 200 | jasper without any inscriptions on it, it still works. | Jasper上面没有任何铭文 它仍然有效 |
| 201 | So green jasper, powerful in | 如此绿色的杰斯珀,强大的在 |
| 202 | childbirth, powerful for stomach and esophagus, I desperately need some of this material. | 分娩,对胃和食道有力量, 我迫切需要这些材料。 |
| 203 | I'm thinking about finding some tomorrow actually. | 我想明天再找点 |
| 204 | But green is also interesting. | 但绿色也很有趣。 |
| 205 | Green is a | 绿色是一个 |
| 206 | colour that turns up in a lot of ancient medicaments. | 颜色在很多古代药典中出现. |
| 207 | So no magic connection, just something which | 所以,没有魔法连接, 只是一些东西 |
| 208 | is used on the body to heal it, nothing magical. | 在身体上用来治愈它, 没有什么神奇的。 |
| 209 | And when I think a bit in a moment to talk | 当我想在一瞬间说话 |
| 210 | about what I mean by nothing magical. | 我意思是没有什么神奇。 |
| 211 | So green is often used for eye ointment in the ancient | 古代常用绿色做眼膏 |
| 212 | world. | 这个世界 |
| 213 | Not always, there are also white ointments, but green is seen as somehow good for that. | 并不总是,也有白膏, 但绿色被认为在某种程度上是好的。 |
| 214 | It's a colour associated with life, with new life, spring, growth. | 它是一种与生命相关的颜色,有新生命,春天,成长. |
| 215 | It's got those sorts | 它有这些种类 |
| 216 | of positive vibes to it for the ancient Greeks. | 对古希腊人来说,这是一种积极的气氛。 |
| 217 | And I think if anyone here has got a dreadful | 我想如果这里有人有可怕的 |
| 218 | urge to do a PhD, I think there are still more lurking around there, more topics to | 要求做一个博士, 我认为还有更多的潜伏在那里, 更多的话题 |
| 219 | do with colour that we really haven't gone to. | 做我们真的没有去的颜色。 |
| 220 | There's a book on colour in the ancient | 有一本关于古代颜色的书 |
| 221 | world. | 这个世界 |
| 222 | There's a lot more that we could do on how the ancients think about colour and | 对于古人如何看待肤色和 |
| 223 | its power. | 它的力量。 |
| 224 | Now then, so green may be new growth, therefore health, possibly. | 现在,绿色可能是新的增长, 因此,健康是可能的。 |
| 225 | But there's also | 但还有 |
| 226 | evidence that when you put an amulet on, as opposed to when you applied eye ointment, | 证明你戴着护身符 而不是用眼膏 |
| 227 | when you put an amulet on, you also said a spell. | 当你戴上护身符时,你也说咒语。 |
| 228 | There was something that you said that | 有件事你说 |
| 229 | therefore the person you were doing it to heard, so another sense, the sense of hearing | 因此,你这样做的人 听到,所以另一种感觉, 听的感觉 |
| 230 | is being evoked, is that you said something which somehow gave the thing its power. | 被激起的是你所说的 某种赋予它力量的东西 |
| 231 | Was | 曾经 |
| 232 | it the chant that was thought to make it work? | 它的圣歌 被认为是它的工作? |
| 233 | Well, Galen would say no, the material itself | 好吧,加伦会说不, 材料本身 |
| 234 | has power. | 有权力 |
| 235 | But if you had the combination of something you feel, you touch, you're aware | 但是如果你有你感觉到的东西的组合, 你触摸,你意识到 |
| 236 | of on your body, it's been applied with magical words which you don't necessarily understand, | 在你的身体上,它被应用 用神奇的字 你不一定明白, |
| 237 | but they clearly sound good, is that going to help you to feel that something's being | 但他们显然听起来不错, 这会帮助你 感觉的东西是 |
| 238 | done for you? | 为你做的? |
| 239 | There's one possibility that with stones, those that were easily ground | 有一种可能性是,用石头, 那些容易地面 |
| 240 | up would be more likely to be taken orally. | 比较有可能被口头采纳。 |
| 241 | You would take them in liquid and swallow | 你会用液体吞下去 |
| 242 | them, that the harder ones are the ones you wear as an amulet, but I won't go there, we | 他们,更难的是 你穿作为护身符, 但我不会去那里,我们 |
| 243 | haven't got time for that. | 没时间了 |
| 244 | There are also some sources from late antiquity that talk | 也有一些来源 从晚期的古老说话 |
| 245 | about thread, however, and I want to come to that red wool now. | 但是,关于线, 我现在想来 红色羊毛。 |
| 246 | Thread is interesting. | 线索很有趣。 |
| 247 | There's one text, a very late source, a scoliast on Gregory Natsiansus saying that old women, | 有一条文字,一个很晚的来源, 关于格雷戈里·纳西安苏斯的史诗说,老女人, |
| 248 | foolish old women, tie bits of coloured thread around wrists, arms and necks. | 愚蠢的老妇人 手腕、手臂和颈部的彩色线条 |
| 249 | Again, I go | 再说一遍,我走了 |
| 250 | back to that image of Pericles festooned with amulets, little bits of thread everywhere. | 回到Pericles的画面上 到处都有小线条 |
| 251 | We do thread now, we do bracelets, we do friendship bracelets, we do all sorts of thready things, | 我们做线,我们做手镯, 我们做友谊手镯, 我们做各种线性的事情, |
| 252 | but what's fascinating about the red wool in particular is that the source for it that | 但红羊毛特别引人入胜的是 它的来源是 |
| 253 | we have comes from a medical text, not from a magical text in ancient Greece. | 我们来自医学文本 而不是古希腊的神奇文本 |
| 254 | This is | 这是 |
| 255 | from the Hippocratic treatises, probably 5th century, 4th century BC, where amidst all | 可能5世纪 公元前4世纪 在那里 |
| 256 | the different pieces of stuff that you use to give in drinks and injections and bathe | 你用来送酒、注射和洗澡的不同东西 |
| 257 | people in, suddenly just casually comes in to prevent complications in childbirth, use | 人们进来,突然突然进来 以防难产,使用 |
| 258 | the fruit of a wild cucumber covered in wax and wrapped in red wool and tied to the thigh. | 野黄瓜的果实被蜡覆盖 被红羊毛包裹 并绑在大腿上 |
| 259 | Now, when Anne Hansen, great scholar of ancient medicine, spotted that one, it was a bit | 现在,当安妮汉森,伟大的古医学学者, 发现这个,它有点 |
| 260 | of a moment, a magical remedy. | 一个神奇的治疗方法 |
| 261 | There's no attempt to explain how it works in any other | 没有试图解释它如何在任何其他 |
| 262 | way than to say it's an amulet, tie it on, it helps. | 而不是说它是一个护身符, 绑上它,它有帮助。 |
| 263 | Unlike later medical texts, seranus, | 与后来的医学文本不同, seranus, |
| 264 | diascorides, there's no oh well it doesn't really work but women like it so just let | diascorides, 没有什么好 它真的不工作 但女人喜欢它,所以就让 |
| 265 | women do what they want. | 女人随心所欲 |
| 266 | There's none of that. | 亦无有. |
| 267 | It's just there with exactly the same | 也一样 |
| 268 | status as all the other herbal remedies that are in that text. | 与案文中所有其他草药补救措施一样的地位。 |
| 269 | It's just there. | 就在这里。 |
| 270 | Now that's | 现在 |
| 271 | tricky because the Hippocratic texts on women were seen as very inferior, non-scientific, | 因为希波克拉底关于妇女的文本 被视为非常低劣,非科学, |
| 272 | not worthy of the great Hippocrates, generally sort of bleh, for hundreds of years. | 不值得 伟大的希波克拉底, 通常一种bleh, 数百年。 |
| 273 | They | 他们 |
| 274 | were all about bodily bits and bleh, women's bits, bleh, don't like that. | 和女人的血缘关系 女人的血缘关系 不喜欢这样 |
| 275 | Just irrelevant, | 只是无关紧要 |
| 276 | not interesting, not scientific medicine, not what the father of medicine wrote. | 不有趣,不是科学医学, 也不是医学之父写的。 |
| 277 | But | 不过 |
| 278 | in the 80s, people started to read them again in the 1980s and started to realize they're | 在80年代 人们在80年代又开始读到它们 开始意识到它们 |
| 279 | an amazing source for beliefs about women and for women's practices in the ancient world | 在古代世界,妇女信仰和妇女习俗的惊人来源 |
| 280 | which raises questions like what sort of texts are they anyway? | 这引起了问题,比如它们是什么类型的文本? |
| 281 | Are they women's kitchen | 他们是女人的厨房吗? |
| 282 | medicine that you hand down from mother to daughter and then suddenly someone writes | 你从母亲到女儿的药 突然有人写 |
| 283 | it down? | 下来了? |
| 284 | Or are they kind of weird, freaky ideas that ancient Greek men come up with | 还是古希腊人想出来的奇怪怪异的想法 |
| 285 | to explain why women are just weird? | 解释为什么女人都怪怪的? |
| 286 | The jury's out. | 陪审团出局了 |
| 287 | 法国学者Aline Roussel提出 | |
| 288 | it was handed down mother to daughter and Paolo Manoli, the late Italian scholar, argued | 母亲被交给女儿 已故的意大利学者保罗·马诺利 |
| 289 | it was actually men's insanities really that were somehow encapsulated in these texts and | 其实是男人的不健康 真正被封装在这些文本中 |
| 290 | projected onto women. | 投向妇女。 |
| 291 | We don't know. | 我们不知道。 |
| 292 | Probably both. | 也许都是 |
| 293 | I mean, you know, the fact women actually | 我的意思是,你知道,事实上女人 |
| 294 | take the advice implies there's some sort of shared model of the body there. | 接受建议意味着身体有某种共同的模型 |
| 295 | And Chris | 还有克里斯 |
| 296 | Farione, writing about ancient magic, came up with a really interesting comparative piece | 写古老魔法的法利昂 拿出了一个很有趣的对比品 |
| 297 | from a tablet from northern Iraq from about 1000 BC. | 来自伊拉克北部的一块石碑 大约公元前1000年 |
| 298 | If a husband is angry with a woman, | 如果丈夫对女人生气 |
| 299 | you should weave together into a single strand, don't try this one at home, the tendons of | 你们应该一起编织成一条线, 不要在家里尝试这个线, |
| 300 | gazelle, hemp, and red wool. | 瞪羚、大麻和红羊毛 |
| 301 | Tie it into 14 knots. | 绑成14节 |
| 302 | Every time you tie a knot, recite | 每次你打结,诵经 |
| 303 | the incantation. | 咒语 |
| 304 | The woman places this cord around her waist and she will be loved. | 女人把这条绳子放在腰上 她就会被爱 |
| 305 | Fab | 发型 |
| 306 | remedy. | 补救。 |
| 307 | So I like this point about tying the knot, saying the incantation, it's somehow | 所以我喜欢这个点 关于绑结, 说咒语,这是不知何故 |
| 308 | bringing the words of the magic into the material of the magic. | 把魔法的文字带入魔法的物质中. |
| 309 | Now there's loads of other red | 现在还有一大堆红色 |
| 310 | 在Hippocratic妇科。 | |
| 311 | There's red plants, there's red suet, there's red | 有红植物,有红泥,有红泥 |
| 312 | arsenic. | 砷. |
| 313 | And clearly all this redness in Hippocratic Gynecology is meant to make you think of blood, | 很明显,希波克拉底妇科的所有这些红色 都是为了让你想到血液 |
| 314 | of women's menstrual blood as the material that creates a new baby, as the material that | 将月经血作为创造新婴儿的材料 |
| 315 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}否则女人会生病的 | |
| 316 | And it's about using | 这是关于使用 |
| 317 | one color to restore another, which sort of fits with green. | 一种颜色可以还原另一种颜色, 哪种颜色适合绿色。 |
| 318 | And if green is about health | 如果绿色与健康有关 |
| 319 | and vitality, you use green to restore moisture and to restore vitality. | 用绿色来恢复水分 恢复活力 |
| 320 | So green eye ointment | 绿眼膏 |
| 321 | in order to make those eyes sort of less dry, more lovely. | 为了让这些眼睛不那么干燥 更可爱 |
| 322 | But I wanted to say one more | 但我想再说一次 |
| 323 | thing before I finish. | 在我说完之前 |
| 324 | And this is, none of this is actually weird and what they do. | 这是,这些都不是 真正奇怪的,他们做什么。 |
| 325 | It's | 这是 |
| 326 | also what we do. | 也是我们的工作 |
| 327 | There's some really interesting social anthropology work on us, not some tribal | 有一些非常有趣的 社会人类学研究 对我们,而不是一些部落 |
| 328 | group in another culture, but us, Western civilizations, which looks at what people | 但是我们西方文明 审视着人们 |
| 329 | think about when they're given medications by their doctor. | 想想当他们被医生给药的时候 |
| 330 | They ask people to rate whether | 他们要求人们评分 |
| 331 | they thought this was more powerful or less powerful than that. | 他们认为这比这更强大或更弱 |
| 332 | And they came up with | 他们想出 |
| 333 | this. | 这个 |
| 334 | Red is powerful. | 红色是强大的。 |
| 335 | Red pills, whoa. | 红药丸,哇. |
| 336 | If you're given red pills, you know it's serious. | 若服红丸,知其严重. |
| 337 | If you're given red pills, you know you're going to get better. | 若获红丸,知必愈. |
| 338 | 白的,bleh(英语:bleh). | |
| 339 | Who cares | 谁在乎 |
| 340 | about white? | 关于白人? |
| 341 | Red, it's the stuff. | 瑞德,这是东西。 |
| 342 | Multi-colored actually, even more powerful. | 多色实际上,甚至更强大。 |
| 343 | Multi-colored, | 多颜色的, |
| 344 | whoa, I'm going to get better. | 哇,我会好起来的。 |
| 345 | And capsules, always better than pills. | 和胶囊,总是比药。 |
| 346 | I mean, injections | 我是说,注射 |
| 347 | better than capsules, but capsules better than pills. | 比胶囊好,但胶囊比药丸好。 |
| 348 | So if your doctor gives you red | 所以,如果你的医生给你红色 |
| 349 | capsules, wow. | 胶囊,哇。 |
| 350 | Now, how far is that us? | 离我们有多远? |
| 351 | Why do we have that thing about red? | 为什么我们有关于红色的东西? |
| 352 | Coming here, | 来到这里, |
| 353 | you look at traffic lights, red, yellow, green, red, bad, stop, danger, green, go, good. | 看交通灯,红,黄,绿,红,坏,停,危险,绿,去,好. |
| 354 | But | 不过 |
| 355 | green stones, red wool. | 绿石 红羊毛 |
| 356 | How can you apply what we think to what the ancients think? | 你怎么能把我们的想法 应用到古人的想法? |
| 357 | Can you? | 你能吗? |
| 358 | Is there some sense in which the colors being used also are somehow ranked | 是否有某种感觉 正在使用的颜色 以某种方式排序 |
| 359 | in the ancient world in terms of what their potency is likely to be? | 在古代世界中,他们的能力可能是什么? |
| 360 | So I leave you with | 所以我离开你 |
| 361 | those thoughts, and I'm desperately keen to hear what everybody else has to say, and I'll | 这些想法,我非常渴望听到 别人说什么,我会 |
| 362 | be around to talk to you afterwards. | 等会再跟你谈 |
| 363 | So that's my bit. | 所以这就是我的一部分。 |
| 364 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
| 365 | Thank you very much, Helen. | 谢谢你,海伦 |
| 366 | I predict a run on sales of red wool and green jasper after | 我预测红羊毛和绿茉莉花的销量会增加 |
| 367 | tonight. | 今晚见 |
| 368 | 我们的下一次演讲将由两位演讲者,Thalia Sanchez-Natalias博士来进行 | |
| 369 | and Dr. Gabriel Bedard. | 还有加布里埃尔·贝达德博士 |
| 370 | Thalia's traveled from Spain to be with us this evening. | 泰莉娅今晚从西班牙来和我们一起 |
| 371 | She's | 琌 |
| 372 | from the University of Zaragoza. | 来自萨拉戈萨大学 |
| 373 | For her PhD, she examined cursed tablets from the Roman | 为她的博士,她检查了来自罗马的咒语片 |
| 374 | West, and she's currently also working on a book on the same subject. | 韦斯特(West),她目前也在研究一本关于同一主题的书. |
| 375 | Gabriel的总部 | |
| 376 | here at the Institute of Classical Studies, where he researches the use of digital tools | 在古典研究所 他研究数字工具的使用 |
| 377 | to study the ancient world. | 来研究古代世界 |
| 378 | While these days he spends most of his time thinking about | 虽然这些天他大部分时间都在想 |
| 379 | the magic of technology, however, his PhD did focus on ancient Greek representations | 然而,他的博士 专注于古希腊的表达 |
| 380 | of magic. | 魔术。 |
| 381 | Tonight, Gabby and Thalia are urging us to be careful with their talk on magical | 今晚,Gabby和Thalia在敦促我们小心 他们关于神奇的演讲 |
| 382 | figurines and written curses. | 佛果及写咒. |
| 383 | Cool. | 凉爽。 |
| 384 | So thank you very much, and good evening. | 非常感谢,晚安 |
| 385 | So we're going to talk, as Emma said, about written curses and magical figurines, actually | 所以,我们要去谈论,正如艾玛所说, 关于书面诅咒和神奇的雕像,实际上 |
| 386 | the opposite order from the title. | 与标题相反的顺序。 |
| 387 | I'm going to talk briefly for a few minutes to start | 我要简短地谈谈 几分钟开始 |
| 388 | with about curses, and particularly the ways in which I believe the ancients were very, | 与诅咒, 特别是我相信的方式 古人是非常, |
| 389 | very careful to specify what curses were, who they were targeted at, and what they did. | 非常小心地说明什么是诅咒,他们的目标是谁,他们做了什么。 |
| 390 | And not to be sort of sloppy and risk making a mistake and risk cursing the wrong person | 也不要草率行事 冒着犯错和骂错人的风险 |
| 391 | or cursing them too strongly. | 或咒骂他们太强烈。 |
| 392 | So I'll start very quickly with a couple of words about | 所以我会很快开始 说几句话 |
| 393 | what we mean by curse. | 我们所说的诅咒。 |
| 394 | Curse, in the context we're talking about, curse tablets and magical | 咒语,我们说的是 咒语片和魔法 |
| 395 | figurines and other objects that are used for cursing, we're very specifically talking | 雕像和其他用于咒语的物品, 我们非常具体地谈论 |
| 396 | about these objects of which we have physical archaeological remains, which often are made | 有关这些文物,我们有 物理考古遗迹, 这些遗迹往往是制作的 |
| 397 | of lead or some similar material, but that they were part of a bigger ritual. | 铅或一些类似的材料, 但他们是更大的仪式的一部分。 |
| 398 | We know | 我们知道 |
| 399 | sometimes a little bit about this ritual from written texts, but most of the time we don't | 有时有点关于这个仪式 从书面文本, 但大多数时候我们不 |
| 400 | know what the rest of this ritual was. | 知道其余的仪式是什么吗? |
| 401 | Almost certainly there were words spoken over this | 几乎肯定有人说 |
| 402 | curse, as well as the words that may or may not have been written on it, and so we just | 诅咒,以及那些可能 或可能没有写在上面的话, 所以我们只是 |
| 403 | have to bear in mind that the physical object that we have, that is the reason we know about | 必须记住,我们拥有的物理物体, 这就是我们知道的原因 |
| 404 | this, was only part of this ritual. | 这个只是仪式的一部分 |
| 405 | And so a curse, as far as we can tell, was a ritual | 因此,诅咒,就我们所知,是一种仪式 |
| 406 | of some kind and an object, as Helen was saying, an object that is imbued with spoken power | 像海伦所说的 某种物体 充满了言语力量 |
| 407 | as well as its intrinsic power, that was used either for protection or in some way to assert | 以及其内在力量,无论是用于保护还是以某种方式主张 |
| 408 | power over somebody or over an event. | 权力对某人或事件。 |
| 409 | And there were various different contexts in which | 并且有不同的背景 |
| 410 | these curses were used, and we have examples of all of these kinds of curses, legal curses, | 这些诅咒被使用, 我们有一些例子 所有这些类型的诅咒, 法律诅咒, |
| 411 | curses related to gambling, sport, love and so forth. | 与赌博,运动,爱情等有关的诅咒. |
| 412 | I want to start though by talking | 我想从说话开始 |
| 413 | about a couple of mythological instances of curses, because as we know when something | 几起神话中的诅咒事件 因为我们知道 |
| 414 | appears in myth, especially if it appears in Greek tragedy, that's usually because something's | 在神话中出现,尤其是如果它出现在希腊悲剧中, 那通常是因为某种东西 |
| 415 | gone wrong, badly, badly wrong. | 错误,严重,严重错误。 |
| 416 | And so I'm going to talk about curses that go wrong just | 所以我要谈谈那些错误的诅咒 |
| 417 | to illustrate how clearly in the ancient world curses were dangerous. | 以说明古代世界的诅咒是多么的明显危险。 |
| 418 | The first is an example | 第一个是一个例子 |
| 419 | from the Oedipus Rex, the story of Oedipus who, while king of Thebes, discovered that | 从俄狄浦斯雷克斯, 俄狄浦斯的故事, 当Thebes的国王发现 |
| 420 | the city was under pollution because of the person who had killed the previous king, Laius, | 这座城市因为杀死了前国王莱乌斯的人而遭到污染 |
| 421 | we all know that it was him, right? | 我们都知道是他干的 对吧? |
| 422 | He didn't know Laius was his father, he also didn't | 他不知道莱厄斯是他父亲 他也不知道 |
| 423 | know that he had killed Laius. | 知道他杀了莱乌斯 |
| 424 | So he starts out by making a curse, a ritual curse against | 所以他从诅咒,仪式诅咒开始 |
| 425 | this unknown murderer, and he said, may this murderer lose his eyes and lose his entire | 这个不知名的杀人犯 他说 愿这个杀人犯失去眼睛 失去全部 |
| 426 | family and be driven out of his homeland, and all these terrible things happened to | 家人被赶出家门 所有这些可怕的事情都发生了 |
| 427 | him. | 他,他是谁? |
| 428 | It turned out to be him, it all happened to him. | 结果就是他,一切都发生在他身上。 |
| 429 | That wasn't what he intended, presumably. | 可能他不是这个意思 |
| 430 | The second example, also from Greek tragedy, this from a play called the Phaedra, which | 第二个例子,同样来自希腊悲剧, 这个剧名为"费德拉"。 |
| 431 | you may be familiar with. | 你也许很熟悉 |
| 432 | In this, Theseus' son Hippolytus is falsely accused of assaulting | 在这件事中,特修斯的儿子希波利图斯被诬告攻击 |
| 433 | Theseus' second wife, and Theseus, very angry at his son, curses him to be torn apart by | 特修斯的第二任妻子 特修斯对他儿子非常愤怒 诅咒他被撕裂 |
| 434 | wild horses and killed. | 野马和杀死。 |
| 435 | He then, although he is innocent, he is torn apart by his own | 他虽然是无辜的,却被自己撕裂 |
| 436 | horses while attempting to flee the country and killed. | 在试图逃离祖国和杀害马匹时。 |
| 437 | This is, again, a curse gone wrong. | 这又是一个诅咒错了。 |
| 438 | He was innocent, the curse killed him anyway. | 他是无辜的 诅咒还是杀了他 |
| 439 | We'll come back to that. | 我们会回到那个。 |
| 440 | So curses are clearly dangerous. | 所以诅咒显然是危险的. |
| 441 | You can tell that the ancients thought curses were dangerous | 古人认为诅咒是危险的 |
| 442 | because whenever we have talk about curses, we see examples of people being very specific | 因为每当我们谈论诅咒的时候 我们就会看到人们非常具体的例子 |
| 443 | about who is being cursed and under what conditions they're being cursed. | 关于谁被诅咒 和在什么条件下 他们被诅咒。 |
| 444 | So the first of the | 所以第一个 |
| 445 | three examples I want to give is the example of the conditional curse, and the most common | 我想举三个例子来说明 有条件的诅咒 也是最常见的 |
| 446 | example of this is in an oath, where you make a curse against yourself if you break your | 举例来说,这是在誓言中,如果你打破了自己的誓言,你就会诅咒自己。 |
| 447 | oath or if your oath is untrue. | 发誓,或以假借盟誓, |
| 448 | This is a way of saying, clearly I am telling the truth | 这么说吧 我说的是实话 |
| 449 | because I wouldn't curse myself with all these terrible things if I were lying. | 因为我不会用这些可怕的东西诅咒自己 如果我说谎。 |
| 450 | So this is | 这就是 |
| 451 | the exact equivalent of saying, cross my heart and hope to die. | 正好相当于说, 横穿我的心 并希望死亡。 |
| 452 | You're cursing yourself if | 你骂自己,如果 |
| 453 | you were lying. | 你在撒谎 |
| 454 | So it's a conditional curse. | 故为有条件咒. |
| 455 | Only if you are lying, the curse happens. | 除非你在撒谎 诅咒才会发生 |
| 456 | Second example is the indefinite curse. | 第二个例子是无限期的诅咒。 |
| 457 | This happens particularly in curses, quite often | 这特别发生在诅咒中,经常发生 |
| 458 | in legal curses or curses in cases of theft. | 法律上的诅咒 或诅咒 在盗窃的情况下。 |
| 459 | In this example, a curse tablet from Roman | 在这个例子中,一个来自罗马的诅咒碑 |
| 460 | Britain, somebody had two wheels and four cows and a few small belongings stolen, and | 英国,有人有两个轮子和四头牛 和一些小东西被盗, |
| 461 | they didn't know who had stolen them. | 他们不知道是谁偷的 |
| 462 | So when they're cursing, they say, whoever stole these | 所以当他们咒骂, 他们说,谁偷了这些 |
| 463 | things will be cursed in all these ways, whether it's a man or a woman, a boy or a girl, a | 无论男人还是女人 男孩还是女孩 |
| 464 | slave or a free. | 奴隶或自由。 |
| 465 | We don't know who it was, but we're cursing them. | 我们不知道是谁 但我们在诅咒他们 |
| 466 | So the gods decide | 众神决定 |
| 467 | who to curse because the gods do know who it was, presumably. | 谁诅咒,因为 神知道是谁,大概。 |
| 468 | The third example is the | 第三个例子是 |
| 469 | potential curse, and this is an example which is particularly evident on gravestone curses, | 这个例子在墓碑诅咒上特别明显 |
| 470 | and there's many examples of this from the ancient world, but I've chosen here an example | 我从古代世界中举出很多例子 但我选择了一个例子 |
| 471 | from the early modern world. | 从早期现代世界。 |
| 472 | This, if you don't recognise it already, is the grave epitaph | 这个,如果你还没认出来,就是墓志铭 |
| 473 | of William Shakespeare, and the last line of that says, cursed be he that moves my bones. | 威廉·莎士比亚的作品 以及最后一句话 诅咒我骨骼移动的人 |
| 474 | No one has moved his bones yet in the last 400 years because none of us want to be cursed. | 在过去的400年里,还没有人移动他的骨头,因为我们都不想被诅咒. |
| 475 | So it clearly was a use for protection. | 因此,这显然是一种保护用途。 |
| 476 | So he's not cursing any particular person. | 所以他不会骂任何人 |
| 477 | He's | 琌 |
| 478 | using this curse to protect his bones from that curse. | 利用这个诅咒来保护他的骨头免受那个诅咒的伤害. |
| 479 | And the final way in which the | 而最后的方式是, |
| 480 | were very specific about who they cursed and in what conditions is to identify the person | 他们非常具体地说,他们诅咒了谁,在什么条件下可以识别这个人? |
| 481 | involved or persons involved in the curse very, very specifically. | 或参与诅咒的人。 |
| 482 | So in this curse tablet, | 所以在这个诅咒碑上 |
| 483 | the author identifies themselves very specifically, Alexander, also known as Macedonius, whose | 作者非常具体地说,亚历山大(Alexander),又称马塞多尼乌斯(Macedonius),他 |
| 484 | mother was Metiria, and curses two opponents, Theodorus, there may be many people called | 母亲是Metiria, 诅咒两个对手,西奥多斯, 可能有很多人叫 |
| 485 | Theodorus, so Theodorus the governor, that's clearly only one person, and the other team | 西奥多斯,所以西奥多斯州长, 这显然只有一个人, 另一个团队 |
| 486 | known, whose mother was Markia. | 她的母亲是马基亚 |
| 487 | Again, very specific who that person was. | 再说一遍,他是谁 |
| 488 | So just to come | 所以,只是来 |
| 489 | back to my two mythological examples, what would have happened if the people who cast | 回到我的两个神话例子 如果那些投球的人 |
| 490 | those curses in these two stories had been more careful in what they were doing and had | 这两个故事中的诅咒 在他们的行为中更加小心 |
| 491 | cursed conditionally or indefinitely rather than just dangerously as they did? | 被有条件或无限期地诅咒,而不是像他们那样危险地诅咒? |
| 492 | Well, Oedipus | 好吧,俄狄浦斯 |
| 493 | was actually, although he didn't know it, was actually guilty, so he'd been screwed | 其实,虽然他不知道,其实是有罪的,所以他已经性交 |
| 494 | either way. | 不管怎么说 |
| 495 | In Hippolyta's case, Ephesius said, whoever assaulted my wife, may they | 在希波利塔的案子中,以弗修斯说,无论谁攻击我妻子,愿他们 |
| 496 | be cursed and torn apart by wild animals? | 被野兽诅咒和撕裂? |
| 497 | Well, nobody did because it was false accusation, | 没有人这样做,因为它是虚假的指控, |
| 498 | so nobody would have been cursed. | 所以没有人会被诅咒。 |
| 499 | It would have been a safe curse. | 那会是一个安全的诅咒。 |
| 500 | So the moral of the | 所以说,道德 |
| 501 | first half of this story is simply be careful. | 这个故事的前半部分只是小心。 |
| 502 | When you're cursing, and we'll be doing some | 当你咒骂,我们会做一些 |
| 503 | cursing later if anyone wants to, just be very specific about what circumstances you're | 以后如果有人想骂你 就说清楚你的情况 |
| 504 | cursing in. | 诅咒英寸 |
| 505 | I'll hand over to Celia. | 我会交给西莉亚。 |
| 506 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
| 507 | Hi. | 顿 |
| 508 | Hello, everybody. | 哈罗,大家好。 |
| 509 | So when you think | 所以当你想 |
| 510 | of Boudoudon, you may think of a range of things, from Halloween costumes to t-shirts | 从万圣节服装到T恤 |
| 511 | or even customized gingerbread man cookies to rituals that come from very distant countries. | 甚至是定制的姜饼饼干 用于来自遥远国家的仪式 |
| 512 | To this list, though, we must add the magical figurines that ancient populations, including | 但是,在这个清单中,我们必须添加 神奇的浮雕 古老的人口,包括 |
| 513 | Greek, Romans, or Egyptians, used to use. | 希腊人,罗马人,或埃及人曾经使用过. |
| 514 | These figurines were closely related with | 这些雕像与 |
| 515 | cursed tablets, since both belong to the larger category of aggressive magic. | 被诅咒的药片, 因为两者都属于 更大的类型的攻击性魔法。 |
| 516 | But before continuing, | 但是在继续之前 |
| 517 | I wanted to give you a warning that the first topic I will discuss here is sexual and contains | 我想警告你 我在这里讨论的第一个话题是性 |
| 518 | some graphic imagery. | 一些图像。 |
| 519 | Are we ready? | 准备好了吗? |
| 520 | Yeah? | 是吗? |
| 521 | Okay. | 摆 |
| 522 | So thanks to the Greek magical papyri, | 多亏了那个希腊神奇的Papyri |
| 523 | a collection of ancient magical spells, we know a fair amount about their manufacture. | 古老魔咒的收集, 我们知道相当多关于它们的制造。 |
| 524 | The most detailed account is found in a rather shocking love spell of attraction, which tells, | 最详尽的叙述见于一个相当令人震惊的爱情咒语 吸引,它告诉, |
| 525 | take some wax or some clay and mold two figures, male and female. | 取一些蜡或一些粘土 和模具两个数字,男女。 |
| 526 | Arm the male one like Ares, | 像阿瑞斯一样武装雄性 |
| 527 | holding a sword in his left and striking the female snake on her right side. | 左手握着剑,右手握着母蛇 |
| 528 | Put the female | 放了那个女的 |
| 529 | nail. | 钉子 |
| 530 | After counseling the lover to inscribe several magical words on different parts of | 在咨询了爱人后 将几个神奇的词 写在不同的部分 |
| 531 | the woman's body, this alarming recipe continues. | 女人的身体,这惊人的食谱继续。 |
| 532 | Take 13 bronze needles and insert one of them | 拿13根青铜针,插入一根 |
| 533 | into the woman's brain, two more into her eyes, one into her mouth, two below her ribcage, | 进入女人的大脑,还有两个进入她的眼睛,一个进入她的嘴,两个在她的肋下, |
| 534 | one into her hands, two into her vulva and anus, and two into the soles of her feet while | 一只进入她的手,两只进入她的阴茎和肛门,两只进入她的脚底,而 |
| 535 | on each occasion saying once, I pierce X part of whoever so that she may think of no one | 每次说一次,我刺穿X部分 任何人,让她不要想任何人 |
| 536 | except me alone. | 除了我一个人 |
| 537 | It works. | 它的工作原理。 |
| 538 | This recipe, which takes the common ancient association of sex | 这种秘方 具有古老的性关系 |
| 539 | and violence to an extreme, comes from the fourth century AD and describes this complicated | 从公元4世纪开始,暴力发展到极端,并描述了这种复杂的 |
| 540 | ritual to a tea. | 仪式上喝茶。 |
| 541 | In fact, this constitutes the most meticulous ancient recipe for making | 事实上,这是最细心的古老的配方 |
| 542 | a voodoo doll and is especially noteworthy since it finds a remarkable parallel in a | 一个巫毒娃娃,特别值得注意,因为它发现一个显著的平行 |
| 543 | figurine from Egypt, which you can see now on the slide. | 来自埃及的佛果,你们现在可以在幻灯片上看到。 |
| 544 | Wonderful. | 真不错 |
| 545 | This figurine was | 这个佛果是 |
| 546 | found with a cursed tablet whose text reads in part, I deposit this binding spell with | 我用一块被诅咒的碑文找到的, 上面有一部分文字, 我把这个装订的咒语寄到 |
| 547 | you, underworld gods. | 你,冥界的神灵 |
| 548 | Rouse yourself for me and go to every district, every block, every | 替我滚吧,去每个区,每个街区,每个街区 |
| 549 | house, and bind Ptolemaeus to whom Ayas gave birth, Ptolemaeus, the daughter of Origenus, | 并捆绑着阿亚斯所生的波多勒迈乌斯,波多勒迈乌斯,奥里根努斯的女儿, |
| 550 | so that she may not do anything that brings pleasure to any man except for me alone, Sarapamon, | 以免她为任何人做任何事,只为我一个人,萨拉帕门。 |
| 551 | to whom Areia gave birth. | 阿瑞亚为谁生的 |
| 552 | Do not permit her to drink, to eat, to hold out, go out, or | 不许她喝酒、吃饭、忍耐、出去 |
| 553 | find a sleep apart from me, Sarapamon. | 找到一个睡眠与我分开,萨拉帕蒙。 |
| 554 | Drag her by her hair, by her guts, until I have | 拖着她的头发,她的胆量,直到我有 |
| 555 | her, subservient to me for the full extent of my life, loving me, lasting after me, telling | 她,从属于我 我的全部生活, 爱我, 坚持在我之后,告诉我 |
| 556 | me what she has in her mind. | 她心里想着的我 |
| 557 | What may be most surprising from our modern perspective is | 从我们现代的观点来看 最令人惊讶的是 |
| 558 | how such a violent imagery found in the spell and displayed in the figurine was thought | 在咒语中找到的、在佛果中显示的 如此暴力的图像是如何被思考的 |
| 559 | of a way to preserve a woman and her chastity. | 保护一个女人和她的贞操 |
| 560 | This contrasts with many white-held views | 这与许多白人持有的观点形成对比 |
| 561 | about magical figurines, that they were used merely to kill victims rather than manipulate | 关于神奇的雕像, 他们只是用来杀死受害者 而不是操纵 |
| 562 | their behavior. | 他们的行为。 |
| 563 | Unlike the example of Egypt, though magical figurines are not usually discovered | 不像埃及的例子,虽然魔法雕像通常没有被发现 |
| 564 | with a cursed tablet that details the purpose of the spell, in fact, many of them only give | 上面写着咒语的目的,事实上,他们中许多人只给出 |
| 565 | us just one very short clue. | 我们只有一条很短的线索 |
| 566 | So, the name of the victim. | 因此,受害者的名字。 |
| 567 | Oh well. | 哦,不错。 |
| 568 | As is the case with | 情况就是这样 |
| 569 | many brief curse tablets, the people who made these figurines likely recited formulaic spells | 许多简短的咒语片 那些制作这些雕像的人 可能背诵公式化咒语 |
| 570 | while performing the ritual. | 在进行仪式时 |
| 571 | In some cases, this lack of information can leave scholars | 在某些情况下,这种缺乏信息的情况可能使学者 |
| 572 | at a total loss. | 完全损失。 |
| 573 | So, how do we interpret them? | 那么,我们如何解释它们? |
| 574 | At times, a figurine's body language can be | 有时,佛果的身体语言可以 |
| 575 | quite revealing. | 相当明了 |
| 576 | Different postures were used to express symbolically the aim of a given | 不同的姿态被用来象征性地表达特定目标: |
| 577 | spell. | 咒语。 |
| 578 | And now, let's have a tour on some of those. | 现在,让我们参观一下这些东西。 |
| 579 | So, some figurines are shown standing | 因此,一些浮雕显示 |
| 580 | with their arms stuck to their sides. | 双臂紧紧地抱在一边 |
| 581 | The clay voodoo dolls from Puteoli that you can | 来自普特奥利的粘土巫术娃娃 |
| 582 | see on the screen are a good example. | 在屏幕上看到是一个很好的例子。 |
| 583 | Here, the body language in comparison with the iconography | 这里,身体语言 与图画相比 |
| 584 | and the text of some curse tablets tell us that someone wanted these victims to be immobilized | 一些诅咒药片的文字告诉我们 有人想让这些受害者停止活动 |
| 585 | and motionless. | 和无动于衷。 |
| 586 | To give another example, some figurines are shown with their hands behind | 举个例子,有些雕像用手放在后面 |
| 587 | their backs, which parallels ancient representations of prisoners. | 他们的背部,与古代的囚犯代表平行。 |
| 588 | Two lead voodoo dolls from Etruria | 两个来自伊特鲁里亚的巫术女主角 |
| 589 | present a wonderful example of this type. | 提供了这种类型的一个很好的例子。 |
| 590 | In contrast, a pair of figurines could be | 反之,一对雕像可能是 |
| 591 | portrayed embracing one another, as is the case from Cordoba. | 就像科尔多瓦那样 |
| 592 | Here, in both cases, posters | 在这里,在这两种情况下,海报 |
| 593 | suggest that these are love spells, either to separate a couple or to bring a new one | 表示这些是爱情咒语 要么是分开一对夫妇 要么是带来新的 |
| 594 | together. | 一起来 |
| 595 | Unfortunately, though, we don't have any text to confirm these interpretations. | 但不幸的是,我们没有任何文本来证实这些解释. |
| 596 | So as was the first case we saw, it is important to remember that the figurines could be found | 因此,正如我们所看到的第一起案件一样,重要的是要记住,这些浮雕可以找到 |
| 597 | with other objects. | 与其它物体。 |
| 598 | At times, they were packed into special containers like miniatures, sarcophagi | 有时,它们被装入特殊容器,如小型容器、石棺 |
| 599 | or scenery urns in order to bury the target of the spell symbolically. | 或景物骨灰 以象征性地埋葬咒语的目标。 |
| 600 | This figurine of | 这个雕像 |
| 601 | Severinus, perhaps a gladiator, is a great example of this. | 塞维林斯,也许是一个角斗士,是这方面的一个伟大例子. |
| 602 | Severinus, who is depicted | 被描绘的塞维林斯 |
| 603 | in the very act of being gulped down by a giant snake coil around his body, who knows | 被一个巨大的蛇圈缠绕着他的身体 |
| 604 | what he did, he was found inside of the three lead nested containers. | 他的所做所为 在三个铅嵌入的容器里被发现 |
| 605 | As if that were not | 好像没有 |
| 606 | enough, he was placed in the containers head down, which could metaphorically prevent | 足够了,他被放在容器头部下, 这可以隐喻地防止 |
| 607 | him from escaping the curse. | 他逃脱了诅咒。 |
| 608 | So in this short talk, I'll try to show you a range of ancient | 因此,在这个简短的谈话中,我将尝试展示 一系列古老的 |
| 609 | magical figurines and explain some of the problems that we can have understanding them. | 神奇的雕塑 并解释一些问题 我们可以了解它们。 |
| 610 | But I have in touch on the most important question. | 但我已经联系了最重要的问题。 |
| 611 | Do these figurines actually work? | 这些雕像真的有用吗? |
| 612 | Well, that would be for you to find out during the hands-on activity. | 嗯,这将是你发现 在实际操作活动。 |
| 613 | Thank you for your | 谢谢你 |
| 614 | attention. | 注意点 |
| 615 | Thank you, Gabby and Thalia. | 谢谢你,加比和塔莉娅 |
| 616 | And as Thalia suggested at the end, you are invited after | 正如Thalia在结尾建议的那样, |
| 617 | the talks to have a go at making your own curse tablets and curse dolls. | 谈话要自己做诅咒药片和诅咒娃娃 |
| 618 | And do let | 让 |
| 619 | us know via the hashtag if they do work. | 我们通过标签知道 如果他们真的工作。 |
| 620 | 下一位发言人是Sophie Page博士。 | |
| 621 | Sophie's from University College London, and she's | Sophie是伦敦大学学院的,她是 |
| 622 | an expert on medieval magic and astrology, having published several books and articles | 中世纪魔法和占星学专家,曾发表过几本书和文章 |
| 623 | on these subjects. | 关于这些主题。 |
| 624 | She's also currently co-curating a fantastic exhibition entitled Spellbound | 她目前还正在合作举办一个名为Spellbound的精彩展览 |
| 625 | at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. | 在牛津的阿什莫林博物馆 |
| 626 | So if you're inspired by tonight's activities, do go and | 所以,如果你受到今晚活动的启发, 去, |
| 627 | see it. | 看见了 |
| 628 | Tonight, Sophie's going to talk to us about magical thinking, past and present. | 今晚,苏菲要和我们谈谈神奇的思考,过去和现在. |
| 629 | Thank you for the invitation. | 谢谢你的邀请 |
| 630 | So I'm going to take us forward in time, quite a long way. | 因此,我将带领我们 前进的时间,相当漫长。 |
| 631 | So as I was introduced, I'm curating an exhibition at the moment that covers 800 years of magic | 因此,当我被介绍,我正在主持一个展览 涵盖800年的魔法 |
| 632 | and over 200 objects. | 和200多个物体。 |
| 633 | When we put the exhibition together, we didn't want our visitors to | 当我们把展览放在一起, 我们不希望我们的访客 |
| 634 | think of magic as something strange and distant in the past and not something that we could | 将魔法视为过去奇特而遥远的东西 而不是我们能拥有的东西 |
| 635 | think and feel about and practice today. | 思考和感觉 和练习今天。 |
| 636 | So we thought about how to link it to the present. | 于是我们思考了如何将它与现在联系起来. |
| 637 | Obviously, magical practice continues, persecutions of witches and accusations of witchcraft | 显然,魔法实践仍在继续,迫害女巫和指控巫术 |
| 638 | continue, but we decided to link it, link magical practices and ideas and beliefs in | 继续,但我们决定把它联系起来, 将神奇的实践 和思想和信仰与 |
| 639 | the past to magical thinking. | 从过去到神奇的思考 |
| 640 | So we think magically whenever we believe that our thoughts | 所以每当我们相信我们的想法时,我们都会神奇地思考 |
| 641 | and wishes influence the world around us or that one event happens as a result of another | 和愿望 影响我们周围的世界 或者说,一个事件 发生在另一个 |
| 642 | with no plausible link of causation. | 与因果关系没有可信的联系。 |
| 643 | 因此,我们开始展览,Spellbound,即 | |
| 644 | at the Ashmolean Museum, with six questions. | 在阿什莫林博物馆 有六个问题 |
| 645 | We link them in the exhibition to particular | 我们在展览中把他们和特别的 |
| 646 | objects. | 对象。 |
| 647 | And what I'm going to do in this short talk is take you through the questions | 我在这短话里要做的是 把你带过问题 |
| 648 | linking them to magical objects in the past. | 把它们和过去神奇的东西联系起来 |
| 649 | The idea is that one of them hopefully resonates | 想法是,其中之一 希望共鸣 |
| 650 | with you, maybe more of them, sometimes none of them. | 与你,也许更多 他们,有时没有。 |
| 651 | But they're the questions that we | 但他们是我们的问题 |
| 652 | thought about when we were thinking about how people practice and think about magic | 想想当我们思考 人们如何练习 思考魔法 |
| 653 | in the past as well. | 过去也一样 |
| 654 | So they are, do you have a lucky charm? | 所以他们是,你有幸运的魅力吗? |
| 655 | Have you ever wondered about | 你有没有想过 |
| 656 | mysterious forces? | 神秘势力? |
| 657 | Do little rituals make you feel less anxious? | 小仪式让你觉得不急吗? |
| 658 | Can an object bind | 对象能否绑定 |
| 659 | you to love? | 你爱? |
| 660 | Could you stab the image of a loved one and do you worry about tempting | 你能刺穿一个爱人的形象 并担心诱惑 |
| 661 | fate? | 命运? |
| 662 | So we start with, do you have a lucky charm? | 首先,你有幸运符吗? |
| 663 | Magical thinking is a powerful applied | 魔法思维是一种强大的应用 |
| 664 | fantasy, often worked out in rituals. | 幻想,常在仪式中演绎出来. |
| 665 | An individual's way of thinking magically is very personal | 一个人的神奇思维方式 是非常个人的 |
| 666 | and can be influenced by many things, such as age, experience and emotional state. | 并且可以受到许多事物的影响,例如年龄,经验和情感状态. |
| 667 | Particularly | 特别 |
| 668 | at times of stress or in places where we are fearful, we may become preoccupied with lucky | 在压力大的时候,或者在我们害怕的地方, 我们可能会变得很幸运 |
| 669 | numbers, colours, objects, words and rituals, linking them to good or bad things that have | 数字、颜色、物品、文字和仪式,将它们与有好的或坏的事物联系起来 |
| 670 | happened or may happen to us. | 发生或可能发生在我们身上。 |
| 671 | We chose this object on the far left for an object to present | 我们在最左边选择了这个对象来显示对象 |
| 672 | with the question, do you have a lucky charm? | 你有一个幸运的魅力吗? |
| 673 | Because it epitomises many medieval and early | 因为它代表着许多中世纪和早期 |
| 674 | modern ideas about the struggle between good and evil. | 关于善恶斗争的现代思想. |
| 675 | This is St Michael the Archangel | 这是圣迈克尔 拱门天使 |
| 676 | defeating the devil, a moment in the struggle between good and evil that for medieval people | 打败魔鬼,在善与恶斗争中的时刻 对于中世纪的人 |
| 677 | epitomised a moment of good winning. | 略显一时好胜. |
| 678 | It's a religious image that would have been very | 这是一个宗教形象 那会是非常 |
| 679 | familiar to people, but it's also carved in coral and red coral, tying in nicely to the | 也刻在珊瑚和红珊瑚中 与红珊瑚相连 |
| 680 | first talk. | 先说 |
| 681 | The redness of coral was an important element in the belief in its efficacy and | 珊瑚的红色是相信其功效和作用的重要因素。 |
| 682 | protection. | 保护。 |
| 683 | Medieval people had many ancient texts like Pliny telling them that it had | 中世纪的人有很多古老的文字 比如普林尼告诉他们 |
| 684 | these important protective and healing powers. | 这些重要的保护和愈合能力。 |
| 685 | In medieval Europe, it was tied to the protection | 在中世纪的欧洲,它与保护有关 |
| 686 | of children in particular. | 特别是儿童。 |
| 687 | We could have many examples of the Virgin and Christ wearing | 我们可以有很多例子 圣母和基督穿 |
| 688 | a coral necklace. | 一条珊瑚项链 |
| 689 | Luck is important, particularly when we are facing difficulties. | 运气很重要,在我们面临困难时尤其如此。 |
| 690 | It's important | 这很重要 |
| 691 | so we know that from modern studies that soldiers are more likely to practice rituals, to have | 因此我们知道,从现代研究中,士兵们更有可能 进行仪式,有 |
| 692 | amulets. | 阿穆莱特。 |
| 693 | In this period, children were often associated with the wearing of lucky objects | 在这段时间里,儿童往往与穿戴幸运物品有关 |
| 694 | and you have a selection of objects here. | 这里有一组对象 |
| 695 | A fragment of unicorn, horn, a toad leg, a | 独角兽的碎片 角 蛤蟆的腿 |
| 696 | crystal. | 结晶。 |
| 697 | The objects might change, but the idea that we can change our luck, that we | 物体可能会改变, 但是,关于我们可以改变 我们的运气,我们 |
| 698 | can increase the possibility of having good luck, hasn't changed very much. | 可以增加好运的可能性, 并没有太大的变化。 |
| 699 | I've got | 我有一个 |
| 700 | a couple of magical objects. | 几件神奇的东西。 |
| 701 | This is a shire horse horseshoe, which I found in a boot sale | 这是我在卖靴子时发现的郡马蹄铁 |
| 702 | in Norfolk in the summer. | 夏天在诺福克 |
| 703 | It's clever because magical belief has to work with something | 这很聪明 因为神奇的信念必须有所作用 |
| 704 | familiar and the idea of the horseshoe as something lucky, as something very familiar | 熟悉的马蹄是幸运的 也是非常熟悉的 |
| 705 | in our culture, but then it has to present an idea of specialness. | 但是它必须呈现出一种特异性 |
| 706 | This was £3, has | 这是3英镑,有 |
| 707 | been marketed as a lucky shire horseshoe. | 被市场作为幸运的郡马蹄。 |
| 708 | It's a special horseshoe because it's larger | 这是特殊的马蹄,因为它更大 |
| 709 | than normal as well as having evocative signs of age. | 和正常的, 以及有诱人的年龄征兆。 |
| 710 | The one we have in the exhibition, | 我们在展览中找到的那个 |
| 711 | similarly a horseshoe to get into an exhibition, has to have something special and evocative | 一样的马蹄 进入一个展览, 必须有特殊和诱人的东西 |
| 712 | about it. | 关于它。 |
| 713 | We have one here wrapped in velvet. | 我们这里有一个包裹着天鹅绒。 |
| 714 | We know from psychology that if we believe | 我们从心理学上知道 如果我们相信 |
| 715 | in the power of a lucky object, it can actually give us confidence to behave better in a test | 在幸运物体的力量, 它实际上可以给我们信心 在测试中表现更好 |
| 716 | or a sporting contest. | 或者体育比赛 |
| 717 | So the sense of control produced by ritualistic behaviour can be psychologically | 因此,由仪式行为产生的控制感可以是心理上的 |
| 718 | comforting when we experience strong physical or mental pressure. | 当我们经历强烈的身心压力时,会感到安慰。 |
| 719 | The second question is | 第二个问题是 |
| 720 | have you ever wondered about mysterious forces? | 你有没有想过神秘的力量? |
| 721 | This is quite a vague question and a flippant | 这是一个相当模糊的问题和 翻版 |
| 722 | answer can be, well I think I'm interested in electricity or gravity. | 答案可能是 我想我对电或重力感兴趣 |
| 723 | The reason we asked | 我们问的原因 |
| 724 | this question in this format is because a US study showed that if you put it in a questionnaire | 这个问题以这种形式出现,是因为美国的一项研究表明,如果将它放入调查问卷中 |
| 725 | about the supernatural, rather vague terms, people were much more likely and more willing | 关于超自然的,相当模糊的术语, 人们更可能,更愿意 |
| 726 | to say yes. | 说是。 |
| 727 | If you asked specifically about fairies, ghosts, aliens, spirits, people would | 如果你特别问仙女,鬼魂,外星人,鬼魂,人们会 |
| 728 | say no, but the idea that something might be out there was very intriguing. | 说不,但这个想法 可能有什么 在那里非常有趣。 |
| 729 | A lot of | 许多 |
| 730 | medieval magical ritual is based on this idea of ambiguous unknowable forces that we can | 中世纪神奇的仪式 是基于这种 模糊的不可知的力量的理念 我们可以 |
| 731 | potentially contact and persuade or compel to help us. | 可能接触 说服或强迫帮助我们。 |
| 732 | Medieval people thought of themselves | 中世纪人自以为是 |
| 733 | as living in a world swarming with vast invisible numbers of spirits. | 活在一个充满大量隐形灵魂的世界里 |
| 734 | In fact there was very | 其实有非常 |
| 735 | little specific detail about them because the church was worried that cults of angels | 因为教会担心天使的邪教 |
| 736 | might overtake ideas of the omnipotence of God. | 可能会超越上帝万能的想法。 |
| 737 | There are two strong ideas. | 有两种强烈的想法。 |
| 738 | One is that | 一个是 |
| 739 | angels had a role to help humans and could act as messengers. | 天使可以扮演帮助人类的角色,可以充当使者. |
| 740 | The other is that demons | 另一个是恶魔 |
| 741 | could be controlled by humans, specifically through the mainstream church ritual of exorcism, | 可以被人类控制, 特别是通过主流教会仪式驱魔, |
| 742 | which was about expelling a demon that was possessing someone. | 就是驱逐一个拥有一个人的恶魔 |
| 743 | In magical rituals, and | 在神奇的仪式,和 |
| 744 | I'm defining magic here as a practical art that claims to offer the tools to manipulate | 我在这里将魔法定义为一种实用的艺术 声称提供工具来操纵 |
| 745 | the cosmos. | 宇宙 宇宙 宇宙 宇宙 |
| 746 | That's a definition that can then be taken to different periods and cultures | 这是一个定义,然后可以 带到不同的时期和文化 |
| 747 | because the idea is that it will manipulate whatever powers are thought to exist in the | 因为这个想法是它会操纵 任何被认为存在于 |
| 748 | cosmos. | 宇宙观. |
| 749 | In the Middle Ages, popularly angels and demons. | 在中世纪,流行的天使和恶魔. |
| 750 | On the right, we have the mirror | 右边是镜子 |
| 751 | of Florin, which has been recreated here and this will just be over there. | 弗洛里恩,它已经在这里重建了, 而这将只是在那里。 |
| 752 | This is an object | 这是对象 |
| 753 | relating to a ritual of demonic magic. | 和恶魔魔法的仪式有关 |
| 754 | Demonic magic rituals in the late Middle Ages have | 中世纪后期的恶魔魔法仪式 |
| 755 | clearly come out of the ritual of exorcism because the first part of the ritual is about | 很明显的,从驱魔仪式中出来 因为仪式的第一部分是关于 |
| 756 | compelling the demon to work with you. | 迫使恶魔与你合作 |
| 757 | You summon it and invoke it to obey your commands, | 你召唤它,并引用它来服从你的命令, |
| 758 | usually by calling upon God, Christ, the saints to help you. | 通常通过呼吁上帝,基督,圣人来帮助你. |
| 759 | In the case of the ritual of | 在仪式上 |
| 760 | the angel of Florin, there's another interesting feature which feeds into this idea of mysterious, | 弗洛林的天使,还有另一个有趣的特征 以这个神秘的想法, |
| 761 | ambiguous spirits in the universe. | 宇宙中模糊不清的幽灵 |
| 762 | Although Christian cosmology has a very strong dichotomy | 虽然基督教宇宙学有很强的二分法 |
| 763 | between good angels and evil demons, in magic text, you tend to find an interest in much | 在好天使和邪恶的恶魔之间, 在魔法文本中,你往往发现 兴趣很多 |
| 764 | more ambiguous or neutral spirits. | 更模糊或中立的精神。 |
| 765 | Spirits that can be persuaded to help you and aren't | 能够说服你帮助你的灵魂,不是 |
| 766 | entirely good or evil. | 完全善恶. |
| 767 | We know from other sources that Florin was a fallen angel but | 我们从其他来源得知 弗洛林是个堕落的天使 |
| 768 | not an entirely evil one. | 不完全是邪恶的。 |
| 769 | The ritual to summon Florin uses a virgin boy, the invocation of | 召唤弗洛林的仪式使用一个处女男孩, |
| 770 | the names of God. | 说出上帝的名字 |
| 771 | The boy sits in a magic circle holding the mirror while the magical | 男孩坐在魔圈里 拿着镜子,而魔圈 |
| 772 | practitioner throws up into the air milk, honey, and wine. | 业者吐入气乳,蜂蜜,酒中. |
| 773 | Then the demon is supposed | 那恶魔就应该这样 |
| 774 | to appear in the mirror in the form of an armed knight and answer questions about the | 在镜子中以武装骑士的形式出现 并回答关于 |
| 775 | past, present, and future. | 过去、现在和未来 |
| 776 | It's a divinatory ritual. | 即是占卜礼仪. |
| 777 | Moving on to the third question, do little rituals make you feel less anxious? | 继续说第三个问题,小仪式让你觉得不那么焦虑吗? |
| 778 | From the | 从 |
| 779 | sort of 200 objects that we've got in the exhibition, and magical objects are hard to | 大约200件东西 我们在展览, 神奇的物品很难 |
| 780 | find because they're often, they've had a ritual imbued into them but they might be | 因为他们经常被感染 但是他们可能已经 |
| 781 | an ordinary object like a shoe, and also magic tends to be a marginal and secretive activity | 像鞋一样的普通物体 魔法往往是一种边缘的隐秘活动 |
| 782 | which also makes survival more problematic. | 这也使生存问题更大。 |
| 783 | But a very large percentage are protective | 但有很大比例是保护性的 |
| 784 | which tells us that part of the reason for the ritual is to help, was to help people | 它告诉我们,仪式的部分原因 是帮助,是帮助人们 |
| 785 | feel less anxious. | 感觉不那么焦虑。 |
| 786 | We have an entire room in the exhibition of objects that were concealed | 我们有一整个房间的展览 物体被隐藏 |
| 787 | within the walls of homes, in the attics, hidden in chimney places under floorboards, | 在房屋的墙壁里,在阁楼里,隐藏在烟囱的地板下, |
| 788 | and then ritually placed. | 然后按礼仪摆放 |
| 789 | And I'm going to, so two things here. | 我要,所以这里有两件事。 |
| 790 | One is that the anxiety | 一是焦虑 |
| 791 | is about natural disasters, fire, floods, vermin, as well as witchcraft and the supernatural. | 是关于自然灾害、火灾、洪水、害虫 以及巫术和超自然 |
| 792 | So we have a spectrum of anxieties that aren't simply to do with the cosmological forces | 因此,我们有一系列的焦虑 不仅仅是与宇宙力有关 |
| 793 | in the world. | 在这个世界。 |
| 794 | The bull's heart on the left, I'm going to, I'm only going to talk about | 左边的牛心,我要去,我只谈 |
| 795 | one of these rituals but I'm happy to talk afterwards about the Bellamine bottle on the | 其中一个仪式,但我很高兴 之后谈论Bellamine瓶装在 |
| 796 | right, is part of a ritual to protect the home against witches. | 对,是保护家免遭女巫伤害的仪式 |
| 797 | And this relates to | 这涉及到 |
| 798 | empathetic magic. | 无情的魔法 |
| 799 | You take the heart of an animal that you believe has been cursed by | 你夺走你相信被诅咒的动物的心脏 |
| 800 | a witch. | 一个女巫。 |
| 801 | When, in the medieval and early modern idea of witchcraft, when the witch curses | 在中世纪和早期的现代巫术思想中 当女巫诅咒 |
| 802 | or enchants an animal or a person, part of her body enters into that animal or the person. | 或对动物或人施以魔法 她身体的一部分进入动物或人体内 |
| 803 | So you can then protect your household by taking the body. | 这样你就可以保护你的家庭 通过带走尸体。 |
| 804 | It's a heart if it's an | 心如是处. |
| 805 | animal, it's a lemon or a potato usually, if it's a human or an onion because I don't | 通常是柠檬或土豆,如果是人或洋葱 因为我不 |
| 806 | want to use a real human heart. | 想要用一个真正的人心。 |
| 807 | And you pierce it with nails and you put it up inside a | 你用钉子刺穿它 然后把它放进一个 |
| 808 | chimney so that the smoke from the fire is continuously harming the witch. | 烟囱使得火的烟雾不断伤害女巫. |
| 809 | This is a | 这个是 |
| 810 | ritual that has a long durée and we, it's only in recent times that we've recovered these sort | 我们只是近代才找到这些 |
| 811 | of often very shriveled hearts. | 常常是心碎的 |
| 812 | And in some cases up to 30 hearts of animals have been | 在某些情况下,多达30颗动物心脏 |
| 813 | recovered from chimneys. | 从烟囱恢复过来的 |
| 814 | So can an object bind love? | 那么一个物体能束缚爱情吗? |
| 815 | Magical thinking is emotional. | 魔法思维是情感的. |
| 816 | We think | 我们觉得 |
| 817 | magically in response to desire, fear, guilt, anxiety and joy, but also perhaps most fiercely | 神奇地回应欲望、恐惧、内疚、焦虑和欢乐 但也许最凶猛的是 |
| 818 | as we've seen in the last paper, to love and hate. | 正如我们在最后一篇论文中看到的 爱和仇恨 |
| 819 | And one of the things I wanted to do in | 还有一件我想做的事 |
| 820 | the exhibition was talk about, was to link medieval and modern objects. | 展览的内容是 将中世纪和现代的物体联系起来 |
| 821 | And one of the | 其中一个 |
| 822 | things I wanted to do was talk about magic. | 我想做的是谈论魔法 |
| 823 | Even if we publicly express skepticism about | 即使我们公开表示怀疑 |
| 824 | magical thinking, it's been shown by research that we will engage in it when we think no one | 神奇的思维,研究显示, 当我们认为没有人时,我们会参与 |
| 825 | is watching. | 正在观看。 |
| 826 | We will engage in it when there is most to lose or gain. | 我们将在损失或收益最多时参与这项工作。 |
| 827 | So the person who's in the, | 因此,谁的人在, |
| 828 | who's at the illusionist's performance might hand over a penny to be cut in half, but was less, | 谁在幻想家的表演 可能交出一分钱 被削减一半, 但更少, |
| 829 | more reluctant to hand over their gold watch to be hidden or lost or destroyed. | 更不愿意交出他们的金表 隐藏或丢失或摧毁。 |
| 830 | And we also engage | 我们也参与 |
| 831 | in magical thinking when it is rendered invisible because it is an accepted part of social or | 在神奇的思维中,当它被隐形 因为它是社会或 |
| 832 | religious life. | 宗教活动。 |
| 833 | So the love locks on bridges in our modern cities are cumulative. | 因此我们现代城市的桥梁上的爱情锁是累积的. |
| 834 | They're now, | 他们现在, |
| 835 | they attract, there are now, when you see them, there are hundreds and hundreds. | 他们吸引,有现在, 当你看到他们, 有数百和数百。 |
| 836 | And so it's | 所以这是 |
| 837 | culture because so many other people are doing it. | 因为有这么多人这样做 |
| 838 | This is a collection that has, unfortunately, | 这是一个收藏, 不幸的是, |
| 839 | destroying the ritual of love been cut off Leeds Centenary Bridge. | 破坏爱的仪式 被切断了利兹百年桥。 |
| 840 | But the ritual of the love lock is that you inscribe your names, usually with an inscription | 但爱情锁的仪式是 你记下你的名字, 通常有一个铭文 |
| 841 | that relates to what you want, what you want from the ritual. | 这涉及到你想要什么,你想要什么 从仪式。 |
| 842 | You lock it on the bridge, | 你把它锁在桥上 |
| 843 | you throw the key into the river. | 你把钥匙扔进河里 |
| 844 | So both symbolically, but as a ritual action, it's | 所以两者都是象征性的 但作为仪式行动 |
| 845 | intended to ensure the longevity of love. | 是为了保证爱情的长寿 |
| 846 | What I've done with some of my research is to look at | 我所做的一些研究就是看一看 |
| 847 | medieval objects, jewelry linked to love as well, and the inscriptions on them. | 中世纪物品,珠宝 也与爱情有关, 和上面的铭文。 |
| 848 | And the | 还有 |
| 849 | inscriptions on them aren't simply expressions of romantic interest. | 上面的铭文不仅仅是浪漫的意向 |
| 850 | They tend to have much | 他们往往有很多 |
| 851 | stronger statements, desire no other, think of him who through whom I am here. | 更强烈的言论, 不想其他, 想想他是谁 我在这里。 |
| 852 | One time, | 有一次,我说 |
| 853 | my desire will be mine, and lots of inscriptions relating to the hope that love will last forever. | 我的愿望将是我的, 和很多的铭文 与希望爱会永远存在。 |
| 854 | I wanted to mention briefly that there are rituals for love magic that actually relate | 我想简短地说, 爱情魔法的仪式 实际上是相关的 |
| 855 | very nicely to the previous paper as well, where you inscribe the image of the beloved on a tile, | 与前一篇论文非常吻合 你将爱人的形象刻在瓷砖上 |
| 856 | and then you burn it. | 然后烧掉它 |
| 857 | So there's a lot of the use of substitutes for people. | 故人之代用者甚多. |
| 858 | This is one which has | 这是有 |
| 859 | been censored. | 被审查。 |
| 860 | It's got a page cut out and various names of the spirits that you're supposed to call | 它有一个页面剪掉 和各种名字 你应该叫 |
| 861 | on erased. | 已删除。 |
| 862 | This is to render it inoperable. | 这是为了使它无法操作。 |
| 863 | So the person who owned this manuscript was interested | 这本手稿的主人很感兴趣 |
| 864 | in keeping the ritual, not destroying it entirely, but that no one else could practice it. | 在保持仪式,而不是完全摧毁它, 但没有人可以这样做。 |
| 865 | And this is just to show that, because I'm going to come to a witch in a bottle, that the magician | 这只是为了证明,因为我要 来到一个巫婆在瓶子里, 魔术师 |
| 866 | is threatening to put demons in a bottle if they won't help him make someone fall in love with him. | 威胁要把恶魔放进瓶子里 如果他们不帮他 让他爱上别人 |
| 867 | So substitutes of individuals is very common in religious practice as well as magical practice. | 因此,替代个人在宗教实践和神奇实践中非常常见。 |
| 868 | This is a modern image of a wax figure with pins in it, but in the medieval period we had | 这是一个现代的蜡像 上面有针头, 但在中世纪我们有 |
| 869 | relics, the body parts of saints. | 遗物 圣人的身体部分 |
| 870 | 这是剑中的一种, voitive figures, 祭品 | |
| 871 | of an image of the body in thanks to a saint for healing. | 感谢圣人治愈身体 |
| 872 | And this is a medieval, this is a heart | 这是中世纪,这是一颗心脏 |
| 873 | that has been extracted from the body of someone who was wanting to separate their body parts in | 已经从身体中提取出来 想要将身体分开 |
| 874 | burial in order to enhance their chances of salvation by placing, dispersing the parts | 通过放置、分散部件来增加她们获得救赎的机会 |
| 875 | of their body in different sacred places. | 他们的身体在不同圣地。 |
| 876 | This is from a cathedral in Ireland. | 这是爱尔兰的一座教堂 |
| 877 | I think even today, | 我认为,即使是今天, |
| 878 | even when we know that there is no physical correspondence between a person and their image, | 即使我们知道一个人和他们的形象之间没有身体上的通信, |
| 879 | the emotional connection created by an effective material substitute is very powerful. | 一个有效的物质替代物所创造的情感联系是非常强大的. |
| 880 | We delete photographs of our family, our loved ones, our friends, all the time. | 我们删除我们家人、亲人、朋友的照片。 |
| 881 | Could you lift a knife and stab an image, a photograph of someone you loved? | 你能举起刀刺一刀吗? 你爱的人的照片? |
| 882 | It's much harder | 难得多 |
| 883 | and I think makes more vivid the ancient and medieval rituals for working with an image, | 我认为使古代和中世纪的仪式 更加生动 工作与形象, |
| 884 | a bodily substitute for someone. | 一个身体替代某人。 |
| 885 | The final question, which I'll just mention briefly, | 最后一个问题,我只简单提一下 |
| 886 | is do you worry about tempting fate? | 你担心诱人的命运吗? |
| 887 | We have a ladder in the exhibition and we've had about | 我们有一个梯子 在展览,我们已经 |
| 888 | 15,000 visitors so far. | 至今已有15 000名访客。 |
| 889 | What was very predict, so the ladder is at the entrance and you have to make | 所以梯子就在入口处 你必须做出 |
| 890 | a physical, like proper choice about whether to walk under it or over it. | 身体上,像正确的选择 是走在它下面还是过它。 |
| 891 | It's sort of slap | 有点耳光 |
| 892 | bang in the middle of the corridor. | 在走廊中间爆炸 |
| 893 | Everyone walks around it pretty much, except for young men who | 除了年轻男人之外 每个人都在附近走 |
| 894 | are with their partners, which is very, very predictable. | 与他们的伙伴,这是非常,非常可预测的。 |
| 895 | What surprised me more is that we | 更让我惊讶的是,我们 |
| 896 | also have in the exhibition this bottle from the Pitt Rivers Museum. | 展品中还有皮特河博物馆的瓶子 |
| 897 | It was obtained by a | 它是由一个 |
| 898 | folklorist collecting in 1915 from an old lady living near the village of Hove and she said, | 1915年从一个住在霍夫村附近的老太太那里 收集民俗学家说 |
| 899 | they do say there'd be a witch in it and if you let him out, there'll be a peck of trouble. | 他们说里面有女巫 如果你放他出来 就会有麻烦 |
| 900 | We have one of the things on the questionnaire that we have for the exhibition is would you | 展览的问卷上有一件事情是... |
| 901 | open the bottle? | 打开瓶子? |
| 902 | Surprisingly, lots and lots of people say no, we don't want the bottle to be | 令人惊讶的是,很多人都说不,我们不希望瓶子是 |
| 903 | opened. | 打开。 |
| 904 | That's more surprising to me than the ladder. | 这比梯子更让我吃惊 |
| 905 | Anyway, I will stop there. | 无论如何,我会停止在那里。 |
| 906 | Thank you very | 非常感谢 |
| 907 | much. | 非常喜欢 |
| 908 | Thank you very much, Sophie, for that tour through some intriguing objects. | 非常感谢你,索菲, 通过一些有趣的物体。 |
| 909 | How long does | 多长时间 |
| 910 | the exhibition run for? | 展览要跑吗? |
| 911 | Until January, so you've got time to catch it. | 直到一月,所以你有时间抓住它。 |
| 912 | So our final speaker for | 我们最后的演讲者是 |
| 913 | the evening is Rose Caveney, who many of you will know as a poet, author and translator. | 晚上是罗斯·卡维尼,你们中许多人会知道他是诗人、作家和翻译家。 |
| 914 | She's published countless works, both of fiction and non-fiction. | 她出版了无数的作品,包括小说和非小说. |
| 915 | I think that if there are many | 我认为,如果有很多 |
| 916 | classicists in the room, you might be particularly interested in Rose's new translation | 在房间里的古典主义者,你可能会对罗斯的新译本特别感兴趣 |
| 917 | of the poems of Catullus, which was published last month. | 上月出版的卡图勒斯的诗 |
| 918 | Tonight, Rose is going to introduce | 今晚,罗丝要介绍 |
| 919 | and read some extracts from her novel Resurrections, which is a third book in her Rhapsody of Blood | 并阅读一些摘录 从她的小说复活, 这是她的第三本书 在她的Rhapsody的血 |
| 920 | series. | 丛书。 |
| 921 | I'm a novelist, which means I make things up and there's a sense in which | 我是一个小说家, 这意味着我编造的东西 有一种感觉, |
| 922 | everything we know about magic, everything we know about religion, is to some extent a product | 我们所了解的关于魔法的一切, 关于宗教的一切, 在某种程度上是一个产品 |
| 923 | of someone's mind, even if you believe it to be true. | 即使你相信这是真的 |
| 924 | The Rhapsody of Blood books were my attempt | 《血书》是我尝试的 |
| 925 | to write a big fantasy novel that wasn't set in a secondary world, like Westeros or Middle Earth, | 像维斯特洛和中地球一样 写一部没有被设定在第二世界的 大型幻想小说 |
| 926 | that was set in our world and that was set in actual history or a version of it, | 被设定在我们的世界 并设定在实际的历史 或它的版本, |
| 927 | rather than stuff that was all made up from scratch. | 而不是从零开始编出来的 |
| 928 | It's had its origins partly in | 其起源部分来源于 |
| 929 | the work I did on Buffy the Vampire Slayer because I got interested in | 我对吸血鬼杀手Buffy的作品感兴趣 |
| 930 | that show for a whole bunch of reasons, one of which was where does Slayer's power come from? | 那场演出有一大堆原因 其中一个原因就是 屠夫的力量来自哪里? |
| 931 | And I decided, apparently quite wrongly because that's not where the show went, | 我决定,显然很错误 因为演出不是在那里进行的 |
| 932 | that the woman who kills vampires, just as vampires steal life from their victims | 杀死吸血鬼的女人 就像吸血鬼从受害者那里夺走生命一样 |
| 933 | by killing vampires, she absorbed that life, that power into herself. | 通过杀死吸血鬼, 她吸收了生命, 那种力量在自己。 |
| 934 | And in terms of the show, | 而在节目方面, |
| 935 | I was completely wrong, but it gave me an idea because there's that wonderful quote of Nietzsche's | 我完全错了,但它给了我一个想法 因为有 美妙的引言尼采的 |
| 936 | about, if there were gods, how could I bear not to be a god? | 如果有神的话 我怎么能忍受不做神呢? |
| 937 | Therefore there are no gods. | 因此,没有神。 |
| 938 | I was thinking about that and thinking about power and thinking about mythology and about | 我当时在思考 思考权力 思考神话 |
| 939 | various religions based on blood sacrifice, and I decided that one of the sources of godhood, | 我决定神的起源之一 |
| 940 | mythologically, is mass murder, whether it's the mass murder of animals that are sacrificed or the | 在神话学上,是大规模谋杀,无论是被牺牲的动物的大规模谋杀,还是 |
| 941 | mass murder of human beings, which is why I wrote a whole section of the Rhapsody books, | 这就是为什么我写了一整节Rhapsody书, |
| 942 | which is about the Aztecs who committed mass murder and torture on an industrial scale | 是关于阿兹特克人在工业上 犯下大规模谋杀和酷刑 |
| 943 | in order to keep the sun alight. | 以养阴阳. |
| 944 | You understand, nothing personal. | 你明白,不是针对个人的 |
| 945 | And so I created a character, | 所以我创造了一个角色, |
| 946 | the Huntress, whose job it is to punish anyone who achieves godhood by stealing it by mass murder. | 狩猎女神,他们的职责是惩罚任何通过大规模谋杀窃取神明的人。 |
| 947 | But of course, her immortality, her invulnerability, come from the fact that | 但是,当然,她的不朽,她的不可侵犯性, 来自于一个事实: |
| 948 | as well as the protector of the weak, she's the top predator in the food chain | 以及弱者的保护者 她是食物链中最强的捕食者 |
| 949 | and feels very bad about that. | 感觉很不好 |
| 950 | Playing around with these ideas, I needed to counterpoise it | 玩这些想法,我需要反省 |
| 951 | with some sorts of magic or quasi-magic that weren't horrible. | 与某种魔法或准魔法 并不可怕。 |
| 952 | At one point, my other heroine, | 一时间,我的另一个女主角, |
| 953 | a contemporary woman who gets caught up in this world, in the world of all of this secret world | 一个当代女人,她被卷入这个世界, 在这个秘密世界的世界中 |
| 954 | of mythology and demons, says, people talk of magic as a technology of will, as if that were | 人们把魔法当成一种意志技术 仿佛是 |
| 955 | a good thing. | 不错 |
| 956 | I wanted to find something less horrible, something less bleak, and I cast around. | 我想找点更恐怖的, 更暗淡的, 我抛下。 |
| 957 | Now, I knew that a lot of the sections of this novel were going to be set in great mythic cities, | 我知道这部小说的许多部分 都将被设定在神话般的城市里 |
| 958 | so French Revolution, Paris, obviously there's a section set in Atlantis. | 因此,法国大革命,巴黎, 显然有一个部分在亚特兰蒂斯。 |
| 959 | I got persuaded by | 我被说服了 |
| 960 | editors that I needed to write about Jack the Ripper, so Victorian London. | 我需要写关于开膛手杰克的编辑, 所以维多利亚伦敦。 |
| 961 | I wanted to write | 我想写 |
| 962 | about the classical world, but I didn't want to do Rome or Athens because they're well trod | 关于古典世界, 但我不想做罗马 或雅典,因为他们很好 |
| 963 | territory. | 领土。 |
| 964 | I mean, I grew up on the Claudius books. | 我的意思是,我长大 在克劳迪乌斯的书。 |
| 965 | There is a limit to what you can do with | 你所能做的是有限度的 |
| 966 | either imperial or republican Rome at this point, whereas Alexandria, on the other hand, well, | 无论是帝国主义还是共和主义罗马, 而亚历山大,另一方面,嗯, |
| 967 | if I wrote about Alexandria, I could write about it in two periods. | 如果我写亚历山大,我可以写 在两个时期。 |
| 968 | I could write about the | 我可以写关于 |
| 969 | post-Ptolemaic heyday. | 之后的托勒密兴起。 |
| 970 | I could write about the decaying Alexandria of Christendom. | 我可以写克里斯多姆正在衰败的亚历山大 |
| 971 | I could write | 我可以写 |
| 972 | about Hypatia, and the terrible things that were done to Hypatia gave me some ideas. | 关于Hypatia, 和可怕的事情 对Hypatia做了一些想法。 |
| 973 | But | 不过 |
| 974 | the other thing about Alexandria, particularly first century Alexandria, as I cast around and | 关于亚历山德里亚的另一件事, 特别是第一世纪的亚历山德里亚, 当我抛出和 |
| 975 | my reading, was I came across Jack Lindsay's very good book on what it is wrong in the first | 我读到的是,我看到杰克·林赛的 一本关于它有什么错的书 |
| 976 | century to refer to as alchemy because, of course, alchemy is not what was done in first century | 因为炼金术不是第一世纪的 |
| 977 | Alexandria. Because, of course, alchemy is not what was done in first century Alexandria. | 亚历山大。 因为,当然,炼金术并不是在一世纪亚历山大时代所做的. |
| 978 | because alchemy is from the Arabic al-kem, | 因为炼金术是阿拉伯的, |
| 979 | which means Egypt. | 这意味着埃及。 |
| 980 | Alchemy is the thing that they do in Egypt. | 炼金术是埃及人做的 |
| 981 | And, of course, the Arab scholars | 当然,阿拉伯学者 |
| 982 | from whom medieval European alchemy derived | 中世纪的欧洲炼金术 |
| 983 | were themselves working at second hand | 他们自己在二手手工作 |
| 984 | with a bunch of texts written in the third and fourth century | 上面写着三、四世纪的文字 |
| 985 | in an attempt to understand what had gone on earlier. | 试图了解之前发生了什么 |
| 986 | And, of course, and this is relevant to what Helen was saying earlier, | 当然 这和海伦刚才说的话有关 |
| 987 | the third and fourth century scholars and the Arabic scholars | 三、四世纪的学者和阿拉伯学者 |
| 988 | were men writing about work that had been done by women | 男子写关于妇女所做工作的文章 |
| 989 | because all of the great names of early versions of the work, | 因为早期作品中所有伟大的名字, |
| 990 | which I'll call the work, but you hear that as alchemy, | 我会称之为工作, 但你听到作为炼金术, |
| 991 | 作品,三个伟大的名字是 Maria the Jewess, | |
| 992 | Cleopatra, not the queen, and Maria of Egypt. | 克利奥帕特拉,不是女王,还有埃及的玛丽亚. |
| 993 | Maria of Egypt, of course, is the person who's remembered | 埃及的玛利亚当然是被人们记住的人 |
| 994 | 一个有用的厨房设备,bannen Marie, | |
| 995 | because the whole point about what they were doing | 因为他们所做的一切 |
| 996 | was that, yes, they were trying to achieve the various substances, | 是,是的,他们试图实现 各种物质, |
| 997 | but they were also working not just with precious metals, | 但他们不仅与贵金属合作, |
| 998 | but with other minerals, but also with plants. | 但与其它矿物, 但也与植物。 |
| 999 | Interestingly, though Cleopatra II, the Cleopatra of history, | 有趣的是,尽管克利奥帕特拉二世, 克利奥帕特拉的历史, |
| 1000 | wasn't the same person as Cleopatra, | 和克利奥帕特拉不一样 |
| 1001 | who's remembered as one of the founders of the work. | 被记为作品创始人之一 |
| 1002 | Cleopatra, who was one of the founders of the work, | Cleopatra是这部作品的创始人之一, |
| 1003 | 可能是她的一个亲戚, 因为这是一个Ptolemaic dynastic 名字。 | |
| 1004 | And Cleopatra the queen is recorded to have written treatises, | 女王克莉奥佩特拉被记录为 写过论文 |
| 1005 | now lost, on poisons and on cosmetics and perfumes, | 现在迷路了 毒药 化妆品和香水 |
| 1006 | which are, of course, how she won the heart of Mark Antony, | 这当然是她如何赢得马克安东尼的心 |
| 1007 | allegedly, and Caesar, allegedly. | 和凯撒,据称。 |
| 1008 | What is also important about first century Alexandria | 第一世纪亚历山德里亚也很重要 |
| 1009 | and its relevance to all of this | 及其与所有这一切的相关性 |
| 1010 | is that first century Alexandria, and Alexandria for some years further to come, | 是第一个世纪的亚历山德里亚 和亚历山德里亚 未来几年, |
| 1011 | was the centre of the glass industry. | 当时是玻璃工业的中心 |
| 1012 | Glass technology was developed in Ptolemaic Alexandria | 玻璃技术在亚历山大港开发 |
| 1013 | and colossally improved. | 和巨大的改善。 |
| 1014 | They exported glass, both glass objects and crude glass, | 他们输出玻璃, 玻璃物体和粗糙的玻璃, |
| 1015 | all over the known world. | 遍及一切众生界. |
| 1016 | There's, if you look at, if a few years ago, | 有,如果你看, 如果几年前, |
| 1017 | you saw the Scythian exhibition at the British Museum, | 你在大英博物馆看过斯冰斯的展览 |
| 1018 | there were a number of carved glass objects | 有一些雕刻的玻璃物体 |
| 1019 | which were made from glass imported to the Hindu Kush and beyond | 由进口到兴都库什的玻璃制成 |
| 1020 | from Alexandria. | 从亚历山大。 |
| 1021 | So the trade went all the way down the Red Sea and back up. | 于是贸易一路走红海后退. |
| 1022 | This meant that, for the first time, people could build, blow, | 这意味着,人们第一次可以 建设,吹, |
| 1023 | the retorts, the athenors, | 转折的、转折的、 |
| 1024 | the various glass things you use for improved versions of distilling. | 你用来改进蒸馏的玻璃制品 |
| 1025 | Now, one of my characters, I should explain, | 现在,我的一个角色,我应该解释, |
| 1026 | my heroine, the huntress, is one of three sisters | 我的女主角 猎人 是三个姐妹中的一个 |
| 1027 | who, at the dawn of time, are obliged by a god to choose their destinies. | 在时辰来临的时候,他奉神的命令而选择自己的命运。 |
| 1028 | And one of them, her sister, Soph, the other one being Lilith, | 其中一个是她的姐姐苏菲 另一个是莉莉丝 |
| 1029 | Soph chooses to understand the workings of time and chance. | 苏菲选择理解时间和机会的运作. |
| 1030 | She, in fact, becomes the incarnation of wisdom. | 事实上,她成为智慧的化身。 |
| 1031 | And, of course, as we know from our cultural history, | 当然,我们从文化史上知道, |
| 1032 | wisdom always dies and is always reborn. | 智慧常灭常复生. |
| 1033 | So Soph crops up in Mara's life from generation to generation. | 苏菲在马拉的一生中世代相传 |
| 1034 | Sometimes they meet and sometimes they don't. | 有时候他们见面 有时不见面 |
| 1035 | And because I'm a novelist and I can do what I like with things, | 因为我是个小说家,我可以做我喜欢的事情, |
| 1036 | various of Soph's incarnations are Diatima, | 索夫的各种化身是迪亚蒂玛 |
| 1037 | the woman who taught Socrates everything he knew, | 那个教苏格拉底的一切的女人 |
| 1038 | and indeed both Marys, Mary of the Jewess and Mary of Egypt. | 和麦尔彦,犹太的麦尔彦,和埃及的麦尔彦。 |
| 1039 | And, of course, because, in my version, | 当然,因为在我的版本中, |
| 1040 | Mary of Egypt is living in the first century, | 埃及的玛丽生活在第一个世纪 |
| 1041 | she's also the person remembered as Mary Magdalene | 她也是玛丽・马格达琳的回忆 |
| 1042 | because I'm a novelist, I can do anything. | 因为我是一个小说家, 我可以做任何事情。 |
| 1043 | Anyway, I wanted to read to you a couple of bits | 总之,我想读给你听 |
| 1044 | about the work in the first century | 关于第一世纪的工作 |
| 1045 | and then I'll end up by reading a show-off bit about Alexandria | 我最后会读到亚历山大的一首歌 |
| 1046 | because I feel like it. | 因为我喜欢 |
| 1047 | For this is the great secret of the work, | 因为这是伟大的工作秘密, |
| 1048 | which I tell you for nothing and never told Newton, | 我白告诉你 从没告诉牛顿 |
| 1049 | for it would not have served the world well to do so. | 因为这样做对世界是不利的。 |
| 1050 | The steps of the work have, as is well known, | 众所周知,工作的步骤是: |
| 1051 | to be performed in order. | 将按顺序进行。 |
| 1052 | And some steps need to happen in the mundane world | 有些步骤需要发生在普通世界 |
| 1053 | and some in shadow, as above so below, you know that formula. | 和一些在阴影中,像上面的下面,你知道这个公式。 |
| 1054 | And yet, in shadow first, then in the light, | 然而,先在阴影中,然后在光明中 |
| 1055 | in the light and then in shadow, | 在光明中,在阴影中, |
| 1056 | that formula is lost with Paul of Tarsus's phrase, | 这个公式与保罗 塔苏斯的短语, |
| 1057 | almost only the memory of it, in a glass darkly. | 几乎只有记忆, 在一个暗淡的玻璃。 |
| 1058 | That is how the work is done and then face to face with light. | 工作就是这样进行的,然后面对光明。 |
| 1059 | And amid those steps or do them in the wrong order | 在那些台阶中,或依错误的顺序行事, |
| 1060 | or the wrong realm and all is undone and forever undoable | 或错的境界 和一切被摧毁 永远被摧毁 |
| 1061 | and you undone too in all likelihood. | 而你也完全失败了 |
| 1062 | Soph or Maria, as she was known in this life, | 索夫或玛利亚,她在这个生命中是已知的, |
| 1063 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}用毕生的精力去研究这个真相 | |
| 1064 | and many of her deaths have been the source of that knowledge. | 她的很多死亡 一直是这种知识的来源。 |
| 1065 | Hers and those of our sisters in the art, | 她和我们姐妹的艺术, |
| 1066 | like Cleopatra, who was not a queen, | 像克利奥帕特拉,她不是女王, |
| 1067 | and Cleopatra, who was. | 和克利奥帕特拉,谁曾经。 |
| 1068 | She knew all metals and many elements | 她知道所有的金属和许多元素 |
| 1069 | and she knew every herb that grew in the parts of the world | 她知道世界上所有生长的草药 |
| 1070 | where she had spent her lives | 在那里她度过了一生 |
| 1071 | and the parts of shadow into which she had walked. | 以及她所走进的阴影的一部分。 |
| 1072 | And that too was the secret of the work, | 这也是工作的秘密 |
| 1073 | as in metal, so in flesh and flower. | 就像金属,所以在肉和花。 |
| 1074 | The quest is for the perfect thing | 追求的是完美的东西 |
| 1075 | and the perfect thing is metals that grow into flower | 完美的是金属 生长成花 |
| 1076 | and life that does not end. | 生命不会结束 |
| 1077 | Soph had befriended the lad, | 苏菲和那小子结为朋友 |
| 1078 | if he's going to heal people, she said, | 如果他要治愈人们,她说, |
| 1079 | he had best learn more about how bodies are made | 他对身体的造型了解得最好 |
| 1080 | and perhaps not use his powers for trivial matters | 可能不会用他的力量去处理小事 |
| 1081 | but learn some actual herb craft. | 但学一些真正的草药工艺。 |
| 1082 | Philo had been as concerned as we had | 菲洛跟我们一样担心 |
| 1083 | at the damage Josh had done to himself by healing the legate | Josh给自己造成的伤害... ...治愈了军团 |
| 1084 | and agreed to the youths coming across the city for instruction. | 同意了青年们到城里来教书 |
| 1085 | Josh brought his brother, | 乔希把他弟弟带来 |
| 1086 | who was determined to watch over him | 他决心监视他, |
| 1087 | but had no interest in healing. | 却对治疗毫无兴趣 |
| 1088 | Soph taught Josh much about medicine | 苏菲教乔希很多医学 |
| 1089 | and much about her work | 和很多关于她的工作 |
| 1090 | and of the herbs from shadow and the mundane world | 以及来自阴暗和阴森世界的草药 |
| 1091 | that she used in both. | 她用在两个。 |
| 1092 | For the violets that grow in those far fields | 给那些在遥远的田野里生长的紫罗兰 |
| 1093 | first intoxicate and then purify the blood | 先是中毒,然后净化血液 |
| 1094 | and the garlic you pluck there | 还有你们拔的蒜子 |
| 1095 | oozes a salve that is good for warts. | 它的盐水对甜点有好处 |
| 1096 | She knew all herbs and plants | 她知道所有的草药和植物 |
| 1097 | and the different properties | 和不同属性 |
| 1098 | and she knew how to filter and distill them alone or together | 她知道如何过滤和蒸馏 单独或一起 |
| 1099 | and make the veins and arteries of the body sleep or dance. | 并且使身体的血管和动脉沉睡或跳舞. |
| 1100 | And I did eventually have to do | 我最终不得不这么做 |
| 1101 | a sort of version of the medieval version of the work | 中世纪的作品版本 |
| 1102 | but not quite as... | 但没有... |
| 1103 | She told me of that work which is now called Alchemy | 她告诉我那个现在叫做Alchemy的作品 |
| 1104 | and deeply misunderstood | 和深深的误解, |
| 1105 | because its practitioners know nothing of shadow. | 因为它的实践者对影子一无所知。 |
| 1106 | They might achieve the elixir | 他们可能会得到灵丹妙药 |
| 1107 | which in shadow is the first azoth | 在阴影中是第一个半音 |
| 1108 | but nothing else of note, | 但没有什么值得注意的, |
| 1109 | neither in the self-forming that is a part of the practice | 无论是自我造型,还是实践的一部分 |
| 1110 | nor its rewards which are also its stages. | 也不是它的分数。 |
| 1111 | That is the elixir which sometimes prolongs life | 那是有时会延长生命的灵药 |
| 1112 | and sometimes blasts it | 有时会爆炸 |
| 1113 | because it is as fickle as the mercury | 因为它像汞一样微弱 |
| 1114 | which it changes into that other metal | 它会变成另一种金属 |
| 1115 | which is known as the adamant, | 被称为坚忍者, |
| 1116 | unbreachable by any force, | 任何部队都不得侵犯, |
| 1117 | yet as ductile and shapeable as clay. | 却如粘土般的黏土和形状。 |
| 1118 | It is the perfect metal, save the gold of the work, | 这是完美的金属, 保存工作的黄金, |
| 1119 | which is not gold at all but the child of the stone. | 绝不是金子,而是石头的孩子。 |
| 1120 | Without the adamant to contain and control it, | 没有固执的遏制和控制它, |
| 1121 | 您无法改变 auqua regia 和 auqua fortis | |
| 1122 | into that which dissolves, | 变成溶解的, |
| 1123 | the alkahest as the Arabs call it. | 阿拉伯人称之为最黑暗的 |
| 1124 | Without the alkahest and the azoth, | 没有苍蝇和异形, |
| 1125 | you cannot transform the adamant into the stone. | 你不能把坚固的 变成石头。 |
| 1126 | Without the stone that changes the nature of all things, | 没有改变万物本质的石头 |
| 1127 | you cannot begin to achieve the quintessence, | 你无法达到五进制, |
| 1128 | the gold of the work, the child of the stone, | 工作的黄金, 石头的孩子, |
| 1129 | and perfect wisdom, perfect knowledge of time and chance. | 完美的智慧 完美的时间和机会知识 |
| 1130 | Which, though I say it myself, | 虽然我亲口说 |
| 1131 | is a better explanation of what alchemy is about | 这是对炼金术的更好解释 |
| 1132 | than most medieval texts | 比大多数中世纪文字 |
| 1133 | because they never explain how you could make something | 因为他们从不解释你如何做点什么 |
| 1134 | which dissolves everything and what you keep it in. | 它溶解了一切 和你所保存的东西。 |
| 1135 | So I just made up another alchemical substance called the adamant, | 于是我编造了另一种叫坚固剂的化石 |
| 1136 | which makes everything make sense, doesn't it? | 这让一切都有意义,不是吗? |
| 1137 | Not really, no, but it will do for a novel. | 不,不,但它会做小说。 |
| 1138 | This, I'm afraid, is the point at which I'll leave that bit of the novel | 恐怕这就是我离开小说的地方 |
| 1139 | because there is an alchemical saying I made up | 因为有个炼金术说是我编的 |
| 1140 | which turns out to be extremely sinister | 结果是极其邪恶 |
| 1141 | and very horrid, | 和非常恐怖, |
| 1142 | and it's that what is done with the work can only be undone. | 并且它所做的 与工作只能被取消。 |
| 1143 | With that slightly sinister thought, I will leave you. | 有了那种稍稍邪恶的想法,我就离开你。 |
| 1144 | I will leave you. | 我会离开你。 |
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