如何有效减少腹部脂肪｜胰岛素专家David Unwin 博士
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | And I can't convince you that we're not in the matrix. | 我不能说服你 我们不在矩阵中。 |
| 0:02 | Why? | 为什么? |
| 0:02 | We could be. | 也许吧 |
| 0:03 | Is this table real? | 这桌子是真的吗? |
| 0:04 | Am I really here? | 我真的在这里吗? |
| 0:05 | Am I a simulation sitting inside some computer? | 我是不是在电脑里做模拟? |
| 0:08 | Maybe there's a kid. | 也许有一个孩子。 |
| 0:09 | When 29th century earth, | 当29世纪的地球, |
| 0:11 | then they happen to allow you and I | 然后他们碰巧允许你和我 |
| 0:13 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}就坐在这桌 |
展开字幕全文（1587 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | And I can't convince you that we're not in the matrix. | 我不能说服你 我们不在矩阵中。 |
| 2 | Why? | 为什么? |
| 3 | We could be. | 也许吧 |
| 4 | Is this table real? | 这桌子是真的吗? |
| 5 | Am I really here? | 我真的在这里吗? |
| 6 | Am I a simulation sitting inside some computer? | 我是不是在电脑里做模拟? |
| 7 | Maybe there's a kid. | 也许有一个孩子。 |
| 8 | When 29th century earth, | 当29世纪的地球, |
| 9 | then they happen to allow you and I | 然后他们碰巧允许你和我 |
| 10 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}就坐在这桌 | |
| 11 | And here's a big assumption. | 这里有一个很大的假设。 |
| 12 | Can you create a computer program that has consciousness? | 你能创建一个有意识的计算机程序吗? |
| 13 | Nobody knows the answer to that, | 没人知道答案 |
| 14 | but I've spoken to some of today's AI researchers | 但我跟今天的AI研究者谈过了 |
| 15 | who think that chat GPT is conscious. | 谁认为聊天GPT是意识。 |
| 16 | And in the back of my mind, | 在我脑后, |
| 17 | I do think it's possible. | 我觉得有可能 |
| 18 | Then if we considered robots to be conscious, | 如果我们认为机器人有意识 |
| 19 | would they then get rights? | 他们会得到权利吗? |
| 20 | I think that's something we should think about now, actually. | 我觉得我们现在应该好好想想 |
| 21 | Professor Brian Green, | 布莱恩·格林教授 |
| 22 | what is the ultimate question that you're seeking to answer? | 你试图回答的最终问题是什么? |
| 23 | We find ourselves thrust on this planet. | 我们发现自己被推到了这个星球上。 |
| 24 | We're trying to figure out why we're here. | 欲解其缘故. |
| 25 | Is there some ultimate purpose? | 有什么最终目的吗? |
| 26 | We're a little dot on planet earth. | 我们是地球上的小点。 |
| 27 | And you begin to see our sun, | 你开始看到太阳 |
| 28 | one of many stars within the galaxy. | 是银河系内众多恒星之一 |
| 29 | You can look at our Milky Way galaxy | 你可以看看银河系 |
| 30 | within the setting of the entire universe. | 在全宇宙的环境下 |
| 31 | And what's beyond? | 还有别的什么? |
| 32 | Well, if the universe is infinite, | 如果宇宙是无限的 |
| 33 | if you go sufficiently far out into space, | 如果你走得足够远的太空, |
| 34 | you're virtually guaranteed | 你几乎可以保证 |
| 35 | to find a copy of yourself out there. | 在那里找到一份你自己的拷贝 |
| 36 | There's a version out there of me that just loves wine. | 有个版本我只喜欢酒 |
| 37 | Ha ha, there you go. | 哈哈,给你。 |
| 38 | So should I feel insignificant? | 那我应该感到无足轻重吗? |
| 39 | I would urge you not to, | 我劝你不要... |
| 40 | because the fact that we can understand that we are so small, | 因为我们能理解我们如此小 |
| 41 | that's what gives us a sense of connection | 这让我们有了联系感 |
| 42 | to something larger. | 给更大的东西。 |
| 43 | Do you think it could lead us to God? | 你觉得这能让我们找到上帝吗? |
| 44 | If you mean the kind of God our forebears often have spoken, | 如果你是说上帝 我们的先辈经常说话 |
| 45 | that feels to me very much a human creation. | 这对我来说是人类的创造 |
| 46 | I will tell you why I'm skeptical of that. | 我会告诉你为什么我怀疑 |
| 47 | But another thing we should think about | 但还有一件事我们应该想想 |
| 48 | is the end of the earth. | 是大地的尽头。 |
| 49 | Because if we go arbitrarily far into the future, | 因为如果我们任意进入未来 |
| 50 | the earth is gonna spiral. | 地球会螺旋上升 |
| 51 | It's not gonna get scary. | 它不会变得可怕。 |
| 52 | Well, it's scary the whole way. | 嗯,这是可怕的整个方式。 |
| 53 | This is super interesting to me. | 这对我来说太有趣了 |
| 54 | My team gave me this report to show me | 我的团队给我这个报告给我看 |
| 55 | how many of you that watch this show subscribe. | 有多少人看这个节目。 |
| 56 | And some of you have told us, according to this, | 你们中有些人告诉我们, |
| 57 | that you are unsubscribed from the channel randomly. | 表示您未从频道随机订阅。 |
| 58 | So favor to ask all of you, | 所以请你们所有人 |
| 59 | please could you check right now | 请您现在检查一下 |
| 60 | if you've hit the subscribe button, | 如果你按了订阅按钮 |
| 61 | if you are a regular viewer of the show | 如果你是节目的普通观众 |
| 62 | and you like what we do here. | 你喜欢我们在这里做的事 |
| 63 | We're approaching quite a significant landmark on this show | 我们正接近这个节目的重要地标 |
| 64 | in terms of a subscriber number. | 以用户号码表示。 |
| 65 | So if there was one simple free thing that you could do | 所以,如果有一个简单的自由的事情 你可以做 |
| 66 | to help us, my team, everyone here, | 帮助我们,我的团队,这里的每一个人, |
| 67 | to keep this show free, | 为了保持这个节目的自由, |
| 68 | to keep it improving year over year and week over week, | 年复一年,周复一周, |
| 69 | it is just to hit that subscribe button | 只是按下订阅按钮 |
| 70 | and to double check if you've hit it. | 并加倍检查是否击中它。 |
| 71 | Only thing I'll ever ask of you, do we have a deal? | 我唯一要问你的,我们有协议吗? |
| 72 | If you do it, I'll tell you what I'll do. | 汝若作是语已. |
| 73 | I'll make sure every single week, every single month, | 我会确保每个星期 每个月 |
| 74 | we fight harder and harder and harder and harder | 我们更努力 更努力 更努力 |
| 75 | to bring you the guests and conversations | 把客人和谈话带给你 |
| 76 | that you want to hear. | 你想听吗? |
| 77 | I've stayed true to that promise | 我信守诺言 |
| 78 | since the very beginning of the Diarrhoea CEO | 自从腹泻CEO开始 |
| 79 | and I will not let you down. | 我不会让你失望的 |
| 80 | Please help us, really appreciate it. | 请帮助我们,真的很感激。 |
| 81 | Let's get on with the show. | 开展. |
| 82 | Professor Brian Green, | 布莱恩·格林教授 |
| 83 | what is the ultimate question that you're seeking to answer? | 你试图回答的最终问题是什么? |
| 84 | The ultimate question I would say is, | 我想说的是, |
| 85 | what is the true nature of reality? | 现实的真正性质是什么? |
| 86 | We find ourselves thrust on this planet | 我们发现自己在这个星球上 |
| 87 | and we look out and we're trying to figure out | и帝и稱快猭 |
| 88 | why we're here, what it's made of, | 为什么我们在这里, 它是什么做的, |
| 89 | is there some ultimate purpose | 是否有某种最终目的 |
| 90 | or is it just some interesting accident | 还是只是个有趣的意外 |
| 91 | that allowed us to have self-awareness | 这样我们才有自我意识 |
| 92 | and ask these kinds of questions | 问这种问题 |
| 93 | about the nature of the world? | 关于世界的性质? |
| 94 | And I think that to me is the deepest kind of question | 我认为这是最深层的问题 |
| 95 | that we humans can ask. | 我们人类可以问。 |
| 96 | Do you feel like over the last 30 years of your career, | 你觉得你过去30年的职业生涯 |
| 97 | you've gotten closer to understanding | 你越来越接近理解 |
| 98 | the answer to that question? | 这个问题的答案? |
| 99 | Yes, but it's kind of like picking up grains of sand | 是的,但它有点像 拾起粒砂 |
| 100 | on a beach, right? | 在海滩,对不对? |
| 101 | You pick up more and more | 你接的越来越多 |
| 102 | and that pouch of sand gets heavier, | 和沙袋变得重, |
| 103 | so your understanding is deeper, it's weightier, | 所以,你的理解更深, 它更重, |
| 104 | but you look out and there's just almost infinitely | 但是,你看着,有 只是几乎无限 |
| 105 | more grains of sand that are out there. | 更多的砂粒 在那里。 |
| 106 | We understand the world better than we once did, | 我们比以前更了解这个世界 |
| 107 | but does that really take us some significant weight | 这真的需要我们很大份量吗? |
| 108 | toward assessing the big, deep questions | 评估大而深刻的问题 |
| 109 | of say, why is there something rather than nothing? | 说来话长,为什么有什么比什么都没有? |
| 110 | Maybe that's the deepest question of all, | 也许这是最深层的问题 |
| 111 | but which I don't mean empty space, | 但我不是说空地 |
| 112 | I mean nothing, nothing at all. | 我的意思是,什么都没有。 |
| 113 | Well, will in this conversation | 那么,会在这次谈话中 |
| 114 | go in the pursuit of that answer? | 去寻找答案? |
| 115 | To tell people who you are | 告诉别人你是谁 |
| 116 | and to let them understand the journey | 让他们了解那段旅程, |
| 117 | you've been on academically and through your career, | 在学术和你的职业生涯, |
| 118 | where did you study, | 你在哪里学习, |
| 119 | where have you worked over the last couple of decades? | 过去几十年你在哪里工作? |
| 120 | Yeah, sure, well, I grew up in Manhattan, | 当然 我在曼哈顿长大的 |
| 121 | right across from the Hayden Planetarium. | 就在海登天文馆对面 |
| 122 | I would wander the hallways of the planetarium | 我会在天文馆的走廊漫游 |
| 123 | and come upon a meteorite | 遇上一颗陨石 |
| 124 | and the universe was sort of my backyard because of that. | 宇宙就像我的后院一样 |
| 125 | And that really set me on a trajectory | 这真的让我走上了轨道 |
| 126 | that I continued following when I went to college, | 我继续跟踪 当我上大学, |
| 127 | went to Harvard and studied mathematics and physics. | 进入哈佛大学学习数学和物理. |
| 128 | And then from there was to Oxford, | 然后从那里到牛津 |
| 129 | where I got my doctorate pursuing work | 在那里我得到了我的博士学位 追求工作 |
| 130 | in a field called string theory. | 在一个叫做弦理论的领域。 |
| 131 | And then through the academic ladder, | 然后通过学术阶梯, |
| 132 | Cornell and ultimately Columbia, | 康奈尔和最终哥伦比亚, |
| 133 | where I've been a professor now for 30 some odd years, | 在那里我当了30年的教授 |
| 134 | you know, director of the Center for Theoretical Physics | 理论物理中心主任 |
| 135 | at Columbia University. | 在哥伦比亚大学 |
| 136 | If you were to explain string theory to me | 如果你能向我解释弦理论 |
| 137 | like I was 12, how would you do it? | 就像我12岁,你会怎么做? |
| 138 | Yeah, I would simply say this, | 是的,我只想说, |
| 139 | your 12 year old self probably knew that matter | 你12岁的人可能知道这件事 |
| 140 | was made up of stuff called molecules, | 由分子组成 |
| 141 | that themselves are made up of atoms | 由原子组成 |
| 142 | that are stuck together. | 被卡在一起。 |
| 143 | The atoms are made of smaller things, | 原子由较小的东西组成, |
| 144 | electrons in orbit around a nucleus | 围绕一个核的轨道上的电子 |
| 145 | that has neutrons and protons and neutrons and protons, | 有中子 质子 中子和质子, |
| 146 | they even have smaller particles, particles called quarks. | 它们甚至拥有较小的颗粒,粒子称为夸克. |
| 147 | The question is, is that the end of the story? | 问题是,这是故事的结局吗? |
| 148 | Is it electrons and quarks and you're done? | 是电子和夸克 你完了吗? |
| 149 | Everything is made up of them | 一切都由他们组成 |
| 150 | or might there be a finer level of structure | 或可能有更精细的结构 |
| 151 | inside the electron, inside the quark? | 电子内部,夸克内部? |
| 152 | You take a powerful microscope and you look deeply, | 你拿一个强大的显微镜,你深深地看着, |
| 153 | would you see anything else? | 你还会看到别的吗? |
| 154 | And the idea of string theory is, yeah, you would. | 而弦理论的想法是,是的,你会。 |
| 155 | Inside an electron or inside a quark, | 在电子内部或夸克内部, |
| 156 | you'd see a little tiny vibrating filament | 你会看到微小的振动丝 |
| 157 | and the different vibrations of the string | 和弦的不同振动 |
| 158 | yield the different particles. | 产生不同的粒子。 |
| 159 | So much like a string on a violin, | 就像小提琴上的弦一样 |
| 160 | when it vibrates in one pattern, | 当它在一个模式下震动的时候, |
| 161 | you hear it as a C or an A sharp. | 你听到它作为一个C或一个尖锐。 |
| 162 | The different vibrations of the strings in string theory, | 弦理论中弦的不同振动, |
| 163 | they don't produce different musical tones, | 他们不会产生不同的音乐音调, |
| 164 | they produce different particles. | 它们会产生不同的粒子。 |
| 165 | So a string vibrating one way, electron, | 因此,弦振动 一种方式,电子, |
| 166 | a string vibrating another way, a quark. | 一个弦震动 另一种方式,一个夸克。 |
| 167 | So matter at its most fundamental level, | 所以在最基本的层面, |
| 168 | if you were to take a powerful microscope | 如果你要拿一个强大的显微镜 |
| 169 | and look deeply inside of any piece of matter, | 深究任何物质 |
| 170 | you'd see all these little vibrating filaments, | 你会看到这些小小的振动丝 |
| 171 | these vibrating strings. | 这些振动弦。 |
| 172 | That's the idea of the theory. | 即此论义. |
| 173 | So two questions come to mind when you say that, | 所以当你说两个问题时, |
| 174 | which is how do you know? | 你怎么会知道? |
| 175 | And the second one is, what if you zoomed it even further? | 第二个是,如果你再放大一点呢? |
| 176 | Yeah, good, both good questions. | 是啊,很好,两个问题都很好。 |
| 177 | How do we know we don't? | 我们怎么知道我们不知道? |
| 178 | Everything I just said could be utter nonsense. | 我刚刚说的每句话都是胡说八道 |
| 179 | I don't think it is. | 我不这么认为。 |
| 180 | But the only way that you know | 但唯一的办法你知道 |
| 181 | if an idea in science is correct is, | 如果科学中的一个想法是正确的, |
| 182 | you need to make predictions that you can go out and test, | 你需要预测 你可以出去测试, |
| 183 | measure and see whether you can confirm the ideas. | 测量并查看是否可以确认这些想法。 |
| 184 | We don't have the technology to look sufficiently deeply | 我们没有足够深入的观察技术 |
| 185 | into matter to see the strings. | 以显示线条。 |
| 186 | We don't have the particle accelerators, | 我们没有粒子加速器 |
| 187 | the particle colliders with enough power | 足够强大的粒子碰撞器 |
| 188 | to slam things together to access | 将事物拼凑在一起以访问 |
| 189 | this finer level of structure that the theory is suggesting. | 这个理论所暗示的 更精细的结构 |
| 190 | So you might say then, where do these ideas come from? | 那么,你可能会说, 这些想法来自哪里? |
| 191 | Answer, mathematics. | 回答,数学。 |
| 192 | The power of mathematics is that it can take us to places | 数学的力量是 它可以带我们到地方 |
| 193 | that we can't yet go literally using equipment. | 我们还不能使用设备 |
| 194 | When we look at the mathematics of quantum mechanics, | 当我们看量子力学的数学, |
| 195 | the mathematics of general relativity, | 一般相对论的数学, |
| 196 | and we put that math inside the math of string theory, | 我们把数学放在弦理论的数学中 |
| 197 | all of a sudden the equations work. | 突然间方程式就起作用了 |
| 198 | They come together harmoniously and we're like, whoa, | 他们和谐相处 我们就像,哇, |
| 199 | the math of quantum mechanics, we are confident in that. | 量子力学的数学 我们对此有信心 |
| 200 | We have predictions and observations. | 我们有预测和观察。 |
| 201 | The math of general relativity, we're confident in that. | 广义相对论的数学,我们对此有信心. |
| 202 | It makes predictions we've confirmed through observations. | 它通过观测得出了我们的预测 |
| 203 | Now we're willing to go where the math takes us | 现在我们愿意去数学所带给我们的地方 |
| 204 | and the math takes us in this approach | 和数学带我们在这个方法 |
| 205 | to these vibrating filaments. | 这些振动的丝绸。 |
| 206 | These vibrating strings. | 这些振动的弦。 |
| 207 | So if you pass me the string here, | 如果你把绳子递给我 |
| 208 | so essentially if you zoom into every cell on my body, | 所以基本上如果你放大到我身上的每一个细胞, |
| 209 | you will find that there's different shaped strings | 你会发现有不同的形状字符串 |
| 210 | vibrating. | 震动. |
| 211 | That's the prediction. | 这就是预测 |
| 212 | Correct. | 没错 |
| 213 | And what is causing them to vibrate in a certain way? | 是什么使他们以某种方式震动? |
| 214 | Who's telling them? | 谁告诉他们的? |
| 215 | Yeah, yeah. | 对 对 |
| 216 | The idea is we recognize that the universe has energy. | 我们意识到宇宙有能量 |
| 217 | If you're to ask me, where does the energy come from? | 如果你问我,能量来自哪里? |
| 218 | Nobody can answer that. | 没有人能回答这个问题。 |
| 219 | That is the question of why there is something | 这就是为什么有什么问题 |
| 220 | rather than nothing. | 而不是什么都没有。 |
| 221 | The something is a fundamental currency called energy. | 一种叫做能量的基本货币 |
| 222 | If string theory is correct, | 如果弦理论是正确的, |
| 223 | then that energy manifests as these vibrational patterns | 然后能量表现为这些振动模式 |
| 224 | of the strings themselves. | 和弦本身。 |
| 225 | If the theory is wrong, | 如果理论是错误的, |
| 226 | then the energy manifests through other things | 然后能量通过其他东西表现出来 |
| 227 | like motions of particles | 就像颗粒的运动 |
| 228 | and the way in which space-time warps and curves. | 以及时空曲面和曲面的方式。 |
| 229 | But if string theory is correct, | 但如果弦理论是正确的, |
| 230 | the energy of the universe is manifested | 宇宙的能量表现在 |
| 231 | in the vibrational patterns of strings. | 在弦的振动模式。 |
| 232 | Now, when you say like, | 现在,当你说, |
| 233 | who mandates that that string vibrates in one pattern, | 谁授权弦在一种模式中振动, |
| 234 | that string vibrates in a different pattern. | 弦在不同的模式下震动。 |
| 235 | If we go back to the Big Bang, | 如果我们回到大爆炸, |
| 236 | the energetic explosion that resulted in space expanding, | 能量爆炸导致空间扩张, |
| 237 | the detailed way in which that happened | 详细情况 |
| 238 | ultimately dictates how this or that string vibrates | 最终决定了这个或那个字符串的振动 |
| 239 | in the aftermath of that rapid cosmological explosion. | 在宇宙爆炸发生后 |
| 240 | Does this string theory idea | 这个字符串理论的想法 |
| 241 | tell us anything about why we're here? | 告诉我们为什么我们在这里? |
| 242 | I would like to think that it does. | 我想这是真的。 |
| 243 | It's very indirect. | 非常间接. |
| 244 | And we are aggregates of a huge number of particles | 我们是大量粒子的集合体 |
| 245 | or if string theory is correct, a huge number of strings. | 或者如果字符串理论是正确的,大量的字符串. |
| 246 | I mean, inside your body, | 我的意思是,在你体内, |
| 247 | you've got something like | 你有类似的东西 |
| 248 | a billion, billion, billion particles. | 10亿,10亿,10亿颗粒. |
| 249 | And if string theory is correct, | 如果弦理论是正确的, |
| 250 | each of those particles is a vibrating filament. | 每个粒子都是振动的丝状 |
| 251 | It is a gargantuan challenge to understand | 要理解这很困难 |
| 252 | why those billion, billion, billion particles | 为什么那十亿亿颗粒 |
| 253 | came together to yield you or me or somebody else. | 一起投降你或我或别人 |
| 254 | But again, that's a historical progression. | 但是,这还是个历史进步。 |
| 255 | And I think we understand | 我认为我们理解 |
| 256 | the broad outlines of that narrative, | 概述, |
| 257 | that there was some initial event called the Big Bang | 有个叫做大爆炸的最初事件 |
| 258 | that resulted in space expanding. | 从而扩大了空间。 |
| 259 | The energy of that Big Bang | 那个大爆炸的能量 |
| 260 | ultimately transmuted into particles. | 最终转化为颗粒。 |
| 261 | Those particles were wafting through space. | 这些粒子正在穿越太空 |
| 262 | Gravity caused collections of those particles | 引力导致收集这些粒子 |
| 263 | {\fn黑体\fs20\shad2\2aH82\3aH20\4aH33\fscx95\3cH592001\be1}一起拼凑起来 | |
| 264 | Some of them clumped together into stars like our sun. | 其中一些像太阳一样凝聚成星星 |
| 265 | Some of them clumped together into planets like our earth. | 其中一些人聚集在一起,像我们地球一样的星球。 |
| 266 | And on our earth, | 在我们的地球上, |
| 267 | some of those particles began to coalesce | 有些粒子开始聚集 |
| 268 | into more exotic and refined forms, | 以更异国情调和精致的形式, |
| 269 | giving rise to atoms, giving rise to molecules. | 产生原子,产生分子。 |
| 270 | And over the course of billions of years on our planet, | 在地球数十亿年中 |
| 271 | those little molecules grew into more complex structures, | 这些小分子发展成更复杂的结构, |
| 272 | ultimately giving first cells. | 最终给出第一个细胞。 |
| 273 | And once you have a cell, cells divide | 一旦你有一个细胞,细胞分裂 |
| 274 | and they come together into larger multicellular aggregates | 它们聚集成更大的多细胞集合 |
| 275 | that give rise to the beginnings of life in the ocean. | 产生海洋生命的开始 |
| 276 | And those life forms evolve further | 这些生命体会进一步演变 |
| 277 | until they can walk out of the ocean | 直到他们走出海洋 |
| 278 | and begin to live on land. | 然后开始在陆地上生活 |
| 279 | And they begin to stand upright. | 他们开始站直了 |
| 280 | And after a billion more years, | 过了十亿年 |
| 281 | you and I are sitting here at this table. | 你和我就坐在这里 |
| 282 | And so, yeah, there is a story. | 所以,是的,有一个故事。 |
| 283 | That's the brief version that takes us from the Big Bang | 这就是从大爆炸中取走我们的简短版本 |
| 284 | to us on planet earth. | 给地球上的我们 |
| 285 | Is it theoretical that this is all just a, | 这是理论上的,这只是一个, |
| 286 | I was gonna say perception, | 我想说感知 |
| 287 | but the other word might be a simulation of sorts. | 但另一个词可能是一种模拟 |
| 288 | Theoretically, we don't even know if yesterday exists | 理论上,我们甚至不知道 昨天是否存在 |
| 289 | or if it was just, | 或者,如果只是这样, |
| 290 | we were just implanted with the memory of it. | 我们刚刚被植入 与它的记忆。 |
| 291 | Absolutely right. | 没错 |
| 292 | We're in this age of AI now. | 我们正处于AI时代 |
| 293 | And I wondered if this insurgence of AI | 我想知道这是否是AI的叛乱 |
| 294 | and how powerful it is, | 它是多么强大, |
| 295 | and if you imagine it on a sort of an exponential curve, | 如果你想象它在一个指数曲线上, |
| 296 | has it made you question some of your | 这让你对你的 |
| 297 | like fundamental assumptions about | 就像关于 |
| 298 | that overarching question of why we're here? | 我们为什么来这里? |
| 299 | Well, yeah. | 对 |
| 300 | In fact, even before AI, | 事实上,甚至在AI之前 |
| 301 | we were tussling with the very notion that you mentioned, | 你刚才提到的这个想法, |
| 302 | which is all we ever have access to is now, right? | 我们唯一能接触到的就是现在,对吧? |
| 303 | We can try to remember yesterday's now, | 我们可以试着记住昨天的今天, |
| 304 | but as you say, that's happening right now | 但正如你所说,现在正在发生 |
| 305 | through patterns that are in my brain or yours | 通过我或你的大脑中的图案 |
| 306 | that we think reflects something | 我们认为 反映的东西 |
| 307 | that happened yesterday or the day before, | 昨天或前一天发生的, |
| 308 | but that's a leap of faith, right? | 但这是信仰的飞跃,对吧? |
| 309 | So there's a kind of skeptical nightmare scenario | 所以有一种怀疑的噩梦情景 |
| 310 | where we begin to question everything. | 我们开始质疑一切 |
| 311 | Is this table real? | 这桌子是真的吗? |
| 312 | Am I really here? | 我真的在这里吗? |
| 313 | Am I a simulation sitting inside some computer right now? | 我现在是不是在电脑里做模拟? |
| 314 | Are we in the matrix right now? | 我们现在在矩阵里吗? |
| 315 | These are the kinds of things which you naturally | 这些是你自然而然的事情 |
| 316 | can come to when you take a deeply skeptical attitude | 当你采取深刻的怀疑态度时 就会发现 |
| 317 | to the nature of reality. | 对现实的性质。 |
| 318 | Bottom line is, I can't convince myself, | 最重要的是 我无法说服自己 |
| 319 | and certainly I can't convince you | 我当然不能说服你 |
| 320 | that we're not in the matrix. | 我们不是在矩阵。 |
| 321 | Why? | 为什么? |
| 322 | We could be. | 也许吧 |
| 323 | It is logically consistent and sensible to imagine | 从逻辑上讲,是一贯的,是明智的 |
| 324 | that you and I are sitting in some computer. | 我们坐在电脑里 |
| 325 | Maybe it's not some dark dystopian computer | 也许不是黑暗的阴暗电脑 |
| 326 | the way it was in the matrix. | 它的方式在矩阵。 |
| 327 | Maybe there's a kid in 29th century earth, | 也许有个孩子在29世纪的地球, |
| 328 | who's in his or her garage right now, | 现在在车库里的人 |
| 329 | and they came up this wonderful computer program, | 他们想出一个很棒的电脑程序 |
| 330 | and they're simulating historical episodes in the past, | 他们模仿过去的历史故事, |
| 331 | and they happen to allow you and I | 他们碰巧允许你和我 |
| 332 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}就坐在这桌 | |
| 333 | I don't know how to prove that that's not the case. | 我不知道如何证明事实并非如此。 |
| 334 | What I can say is, if I'm willing to buy into that, | 我可以说,如果我愿意买到这个, |
| 335 | everything falls apart. | 一切都会崩溃的 |
| 336 | I can't trust any, I can't trust my reasoning. | 我不能相信任何人, 我不能相信我的推理。 |
| 337 | I can't even trust my thinking that it's logical | 我甚至不能相信我的想法 这是合乎逻辑的 |
| 338 | to imagine that individual, | 想象这个人, |
| 339 | because that individual may have implanted | 因为这个人可能已经植入 |
| 340 | the false reasoning that it could be logical | 可能合乎逻辑的虚假推理 |
| 341 | for us to be sitting here. | 让我们坐在这里 |
| 342 | What do I do at that point? | 这时候我该怎么办? |
| 343 | And so, as a scientist, what I say is, | 因此,作为一个科学家,我所说的是, |
| 344 | I'm gonna allow that as a possibility, | 我会允许作为一个可能性, |
| 345 | and then I'm gonna park it right over here. | 然后我就把它停在这里 |
| 346 | I allow it, I look at it every so often. | 我允许,我经常看 |
| 347 | I say, that's scary, that possibility, | 我说,这是可怕的, 的可能性, |
| 348 | that we're in a simulation, | 我们在模拟, |
| 349 | but I'm not gonna let it overwhelm me, | 但我不会让它压倒我 |
| 350 | because then I'll be stuck. | 因为那样我就被困住了 |
| 351 | The simulation argument popularized by philosopher | 哲学家的模拟论 |
| 352 | Nick Bostrom relies on probability. | 尼克·博斯特罗姆依赖于概率. |
| 353 | It essentially says that if an advanced civilization, | 它基本上说,如果一个先进的文明, |
| 354 | which I would argue we're an advanced civilization, | 我认为我们是一个先进的文明, |
| 355 | ever develops the technological capacity | * 发展技术能力 |
| 356 | to run conscious, high-fidelity computer simulations | 以运行自觉的,高度的计算机模拟 |
| 357 | of their ancestors, | 他们的祖先, |
| 358 | they will likely run millions or billions of them, | 他们可能运行 数百万或数十亿他们, |
| 359 | and because these simulated realities | 和因为这些模拟现实 |
| 360 | would vastly outnumber the single raw physical universe, | 将大大超过单一的原始物理宇宙, |
| 361 | any given conscious observer is statistically, | 任何有意识的观察者在统计上, |
| 362 | almost certainly, living inside a software code | 几乎可以肯定地说,住在软件代码里 |
| 363 | rather than base reality. | 而不是基于现实 |
| 364 | The big assumption is, can you create a computer program | 最大的假设是,你能创建一个计算机程序吗? |
| 365 | that has self-awareness, that has consciousness? | 有自我意识, 有意识? |
| 366 | You know, nobody knows the answer to that. | 你知道,没有人知道答案。 |
| 367 | I've spoken to some of today's AI researchers | 我和今天的一些人工智能研究人员谈过了 |
| 368 | 他们认为ChatGPT有意识, | |
| 369 | who think that Claude is conscious. | 谁认为克劳德有意识。 |
| 370 | Now, I talk to them, and I'm respectful, | 现在,我和他们说话,我很尊重他们, |
| 371 | that's the kind of person I am, | 我就是这样的人, |
| 372 | but in the back of my mind, I'm like, are you kidding me? | 但在我的脑后,我像, 你在开玩笑吗? |
| 373 | You really think that ChatGPT has feelings? | 你真的认为ChatGPT有感情吗? |
| 374 | That it thinks about its own existence and has anxieties? | 它思考自己的存在,并且有焦虑? |
| 375 | I think it can simulate that, | 我觉得它可以模拟, |
| 376 | but regardless, I don't think today's technology is there. | 但不管怎样,我认为今天的技术并不存在. |
| 377 | Is it possible that tomorrow's technology, | 会不会是明天的技术, |
| 378 | broadly defined, a year, five years, a hundred years, | 广义地说,一年,五年,百年, |
| 379 | really will yield self-aware, | 真的,将自觉, |
| 380 | sentient artificial systems? | 灵敏的人工系统? |
| 381 | Yeah, I do think it's possible. | 是的,我觉得这是可能的。 |
| 382 | Now, not everybody agrees with that. | 现在,不是每个人都同意这一点。 |
| 383 | I mean, no one knows, right? | 我的意思是,没有人知道,对不对? |
| 384 | It's a logical possibility, but you don't know. | 这是逻辑上的可能性,但你不知道。 |
| 385 | Let us assume, following Nick Bostrom, | 让我们假设,随着尼克·博斯特罗姆, |
| 386 | that consciousness can be created in a mechanical box. | 意识可以在机械盒子里产生 |
| 387 | If that's possible, then Nick simply says, | 如果有可能的话 尼克只是说 |
| 388 | look, our progeny in the future, | 听着,我们的后代在未来, |
| 389 | they're gonna be fascinated with creating sentient systems. | 他们会迷恋 创造的感应系统。 |
| 390 | And so they're gonna create millions and billions | 所以他们会创造出亿万亿 |
| 391 | and trillions of sentient systems in the box. | 和数万亿的哨兵系统 |
| 392 | And they're gonna get really elaborate | 而且他们会变得非常精心 |
| 393 | and create a version where the sentient beings | 并创造有理智者的版本, |
| 394 | are led to think that they're on a planet. | 导致他们以为他们在星球上 |
| 395 | And in fact, they're gonna do it | 事实上,他们会这么做的 |
| 396 | a thousand billion, trillion different ways. | 千亿万亿种种法. |
| 397 | Some are gonna be a planet like Earth. | 有些人会像地球一样成为星球 |
| 398 | Some are gonna be on a planet like Mars. | 有些人会像火星一样在行星上 |
| 399 | Some are gonna be a planet like around | 有些会像周围的星球 |
| 400 | some star in the Andromeda galaxy. | 安朵美达星系的恒星 |
| 401 | They're gonna be an enormous number of simulated beings, | 他们将会是大量的模拟生物, |
| 402 | enormous number of universes that are simulated. | 大量的宇宙被模拟。 |
| 403 | So the question is, if we have one real universe, | 所以问题是 如果我们有一个真正的宇宙 |
| 404 | let's say this is real, and a gazillion artificial ones | 假设这是真实的, 和一百万的人工 |
| 405 | that are created in various laptop computers of the future, | 未来各种膝上型计算机 |
| 406 | we're one of a billion, trillion, zillion instantiations | 我们是十亿亿亿万亿 千兆万亿的即兴演出之一 |
| 407 | of people who think that they're real. | 那些认为他们是真的人 |
| 408 | Now, one truly is real. | 现在,一个是真的。 |
| 409 | The other are not real. | 另一个不是真的 |
| 410 | So if you're just talking about odds, the odds are, | 所以,如果你只是说 概率,概率是, |
| 411 | anybody who thinks they're real is not. | 任何人谁认为他们是真实的不是。 |
| 412 | The odds are anybody who's got a self-aware sense | 机会是任何有自我意识的人 |
| 413 | of the world is probably in a simulation. | 世界可能正在模拟之中。 |
| 414 | You used anxiety as a sort of proxy for consciousness | 你用焦虑来代替意识 |
| 415 | almost like the bit being able to feel these things. | 就像是能感觉到这些东西一样 |
| 416 | I guess the question then becomes like, what is it? | 我想问题就变成这样了,是什么? |
| 417 | What is anxiety? | 什么是焦虑? |
| 418 | Is it an electrical signal going through? | 这是电讯信号吗? |
| 419 | I do think it is. | 我认为是的。 |
| 420 | I think that love and hate and anxiety and jealousy | 我觉得爱、恨、焦虑、嫉妒 |
| 421 | and gratitude and grief and all human emotion | 感激、悲伤和所有人类情感 |
| 422 | is nothing but electrical impulses | 只是电动的冲动 |
| 423 | going through our brains. | 穿过我们的大脑。 |
| 424 | And an electrical impulse is just particles moving | 电冲动只是微粒在移动 |
| 425 | or strings moving along various connections. | 或沿着各种连接移动的字符串。 |
| 426 | I think that is all that it is. | 我认为这就是它的全部。 |
| 427 | Now, some people hear it and they're like, wow, | 现在,有些人听到它 他们喜欢,哇, |
| 428 | that is a pretty bleak way of looking at life | 这是一个相当暗淡的方式 看待生活 |
| 429 | where these wondrous beings who can have all this emotion, | 在那里,这些奇妙的人 谁可以拥有所有这些情感, |
| 430 | right, the emotion captured by Shakespeare in the sonnets, | 对,莎士比亚在诗歌中 抓住的情感, |
| 431 | the emotion captured by Beethoven in the ninth symphony. | 贝多芬在第九交响曲中抓住的情感. |
| 432 | You can't reduce that to electrical signals in the brain. | 大脑中的电信号不能减少 |
| 433 | I say, yeah, you can. | 我说,是的,你可以。 |
| 434 | I really do think that you can. | 我真的认为你可以。 |
| 435 | I don't think that diminishes the wonder | 我觉得这不会减少奇迹 |
| 436 | of what we can feel and sense and articulate | 我们的感受 感知和表达 |
| 437 | and express through the various ways that we have, | 并以各种方式表达, |
| 438 | through music or theater or art or literature or poetry. | 通过音乐或戏剧或艺术或文学或诗歌。 |
| 439 | Yeah, I am as awestruck by our capacity to create | 是啊,我是一个西车 通过我们的能力创造 |
| 440 | as anybody else, but in the end, | 但最终 |
| 441 | I think it all does reduce to electrical impulses | 我想这一切会减少电冲动 |
| 442 | going through this gray piece of meat in this bone cage | 穿过这个骨笼里的灰肉 |
| 443 | that's sitting on our shoulders. | 坐在我们肩上 |
| 444 | And if you imagine any rate of improvement from today, | 如果你想从今天起有任何进步 |
| 445 | presumably at some point in the future, | 也许在未来某个时候 |
| 446 | our future progeny, you called them, | 我们的未来的后代, 你叫他们, |
| 447 | would be able to create that. | 就能创造出来 |
| 448 | Why not? | 为什么不呢? |
| 449 | That's my view. | 这就是我的观点。 |
| 450 | I don't think there's something special | 我不觉得有什么特别的 |
| 451 | about the brain as a substrate. | 关于大脑作为一个底物。 |
| 452 | I think as long as you have the same electrical impulses, | 我认为只要你有同样的电动, |
| 453 | if they're housed in silicon inside a metallic box, | 如果他们被装在金属盒里的硅中 |
| 454 | I don't think that makes them fundamentally different | 我不觉得那会让他们变得完全不同 |
| 455 | than what's happening inside of our heads. | 比我们脑海中发生的事还重要 |
| 456 | Now, philosophers argue this. | 现在,哲学家们争论这一点。 |
| 457 | Psychologists argue this. | 心理学家认为这一点。 |
| 458 | They say, no, no, no, no, no. | 众曰. |
| 459 | It's not just the brain. | 不只是大脑 |
| 460 | It's the brain. | 是脑. |
| 461 | It's the connection to the body. | 乃与身体相通之脉. |
| 462 | It's the tactile sense of the world. | 观世音触觉. |
| 463 | It's the olfactory sense of the world. | 闻世尊觉. |
| 464 | It's the visual sense. | 即是观心. |
| 465 | It's only when you put it all together | 才把东西拼凑起来 |
| 466 | that you get the full experience | 让你获得充分的经验 |
| 467 | of what it means to be self-aware, | 自我意识的意义 |
| 468 | self-aware human being. | 自知众生. |
| 469 | And my view is, well, maybe that's true, | 我的观点是,也许这是正确的, |
| 470 | but if so, give the artificial version tactile sense | 但如果是的话,请给人工版本的触觉感 |
| 471 | and olfactory sense and visual sense. | 和气味感和视觉感。 |
| 472 | We will have the capacity to do this. | 我们将有能力这样做。 |
| 473 | At that point, I just don't see a fundamental difference | 这时候,我看不出有什么根本的区别 |
| 474 | between the artificial version | 在人工版本之间 |
| 475 | and shall we call it the organic. | 我们称它为有机体。 |
| 476 | And so, yeah, I think there's a really interesting argument | 所以,是的,我认为 有一个非常有趣的论点 |
| 477 | to be made that simulations will outnumber real worlds. | 模拟将超过真实世界 |
| 478 | And therefore there's a chance that right now | 因此,现在有机会 |
| 479 | we are in one of those simulated worlds. | 我们身处一个模拟世界 |
| 480 | Does it change anything, even if that's true? | 它会改变什么 即使这是真的? |
| 481 | No, I don't think it does. | 不,我不认为它。 |
| 482 | And I think that's the beauty. | 我觉得这就是美 |
| 483 | If I'm in a simulation, | 如果我在模拟中 |
| 484 | I'm gonna live out my life in this simulation | 我要活在模拟中 |
| 485 | to the fullest. | 尽情享受 |
| 486 | Now, I'd like to think that as a physicist, | 现在,我想作为一个物理学家, |
| 487 | what I do, what my colleagues do, | 我做什么,我的同事们做什么, |
| 488 | is try to figure out the laws of the universe writ large. | 试着找出宇宙的法则 |
| 489 | But if we're in a simulation | 但如果我们在模拟 |
| 490 | and all we're doing is figuring out the laws | 而我们所做的就是找出法律 |
| 491 | that the 15-year-old futuristic kid decided to impose | 15岁未来的孩子决定强迫 |
| 492 | on this artificial world, | 在这个人工世界, |
| 493 | hey, that's not a bad way to spend your time too. | 嘿,这是不坏的方式 花你的时间了。 |
| 494 | On this subject of AI, | 关于大赦国际, |
| 495 | a lot of people that have sat here, | 很多人坐在这里, |
| 496 | people like Jeffrey Hinton have told me | 像杰弗里·欣顿这样的人告诉我 |
| 497 | that it's quite inconceivable | 这是相当不可思议的 |
| 498 | that when there is a more intelligent life form | 当有更聪明的生命形式 |
| 499 | on this planet, i.e. | 在这个星球上 |
| 500 | AI, | 大赦国际, |
| 501 | which is accelerating in its intelligence | 正在加速情报工作 |
| 502 | towards superintelligence and AGI | 面向超级情报和AGI |
| 503 | and all these terms that these smart people use, | 和所有这些术语 这些聪明人使用, |
| 504 | it's inconceivable that we will remain in control. | 不可思议的是,我们会保持控制。 |
| 505 | Logically, that kind of also stacks up. | 从逻辑上讲,这种东西也堆积起来。 |
| 506 | It does, but I think there are alternatives. | 是的,但我想还有别的办法。 |
| 507 | We tend to speak very much at the extremes, right? | 我们经常在极端说话 对吧? |
| 508 | Humans are in control. | 人类在控制。 |
| 509 | AI is in control. | AI在控制。 |
| 510 | AI wipes us out for reasons that might be benign | AI把我们消灭了 原因可能是良性的 |
| 511 | or might be dystopian. | 也可能是废品 |
| 512 | It seems to me that what will likely happen | 在我看来 会发生什么 |
| 513 | is something more in the middle, | 更在中间的东西, |
| 514 | which is we are going to work with artificial systems. | 也就是我们要用人工系统 |
| 515 | We're doing it right now. | 我们现在就去 |
| 516 | And look how quickly we have acclimated to a world | 看看我们到达这个世界的速度 |
| 517 | that would be unthinkable in 2021. | 这在2021年是不可思议的。 |
| 518 | There are many examples now, | 现在有很多例子, |
| 519 | but there's a beautiful one that's on my mind. | 但有一个美丽的 在我想。 |
| 520 | An 80-year-old mathematical conjecture, | 一个80年的数学猜想, |
| 521 | I think this is called the Jacobian conjecture, | 我想这是所谓的雅各宾猜想, |
| 522 | was solved very recently by a mathematician using AI. | 最近有个数学家用人工智能解决了 |
| 523 | I see us blending with AI, | 我看到我们和AI混在一起 |
| 524 | not necessarily that we have implants, | 不一定我们有植入, |
| 525 | but maybe we will, | 但也许我们会 |
| 526 | but there will not be a sharper distinction | 但不会有更明显的区别 |
| 527 | between the biological intelligence | 在生物情报之间 |
| 528 | and the artificial intelligence. | 还有人工智能 |
| 529 | And that to me, if that ultimately yields a new life form | 对我来说,如果这最终产生新的生命形态 |
| 530 | that no longer can be called human, | 不再能被称为人类, |
| 531 | that may be the way things evolve. | 这可能是事情的发展。 |
| 532 | And so evolution is something that is inherent | 所以进化是内在的 |
| 533 | to how we got here. | 我们如何来到这里。 |
| 534 | Why would we think that this moment | 我们为什么认为这一刻 |
| 535 | in the evolutionary progression was the end of it all? | 进化过程的结局是什么? |
| 536 | We weren't gonna continue to evolve. | 我们不会继续进化 |
| 537 | And maybe the continuation of our evolution | 也许我们进化的延续 |
| 538 | is in partnership with the artificial intelligence systems | 与人工智能系统合作 |
| 539 | that we ourselves create. | 我们自己创造的。 |
| 540 | That we give birth to. | 我们生下来的 |
| 541 | Yeah, it's us, right? | 是的,是我们,对不对? |
| 542 | It's our creation. | 这是我们的创造 |
| 543 | You know, it's not an alien. | 你知道,这不是外星人。 |
| 544 | We haven't been taken over. | 我们还没有被接管。 |
| 545 | And so, yeah, I think that is a real possible way | 所以,是的,我认为这是一个真正的可能的方法 |
| 546 | that this story plays out. | 这个故事的情节。 |
| 547 | How'd you feel about it? | 你感觉怎么样? |
| 548 | I am fine with it. | 我没事 |
| 549 | You know, I think that we tend to become very attached | 你知道,我认为我们往往 变得非常附着 |
| 550 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}对事情的原貌 | |
| 551 | And we gain a sense of the way things are | 我们得到了一种感觉 事情的方式 |
| 552 | is the way it will always be. | 永远如此 |
| 553 | I think that's a natural way | 我觉得这很自然 |
| 554 | that we humans have lived our lives. | 我们人类的生活 |
| 555 | Why? | 为什么? |
| 556 | Because the timescales for change in our past | 因为改变我们过去的时间尺度 |
| 557 | have been relatively slow, right? | 已经相对缓慢,对不对? |
| 558 | We lived, what, 30, 40, 50, call it 80 years, | 我们活了30、40、50年 称之为80年 |
| 559 | 100 years, whatever. | 100年,随便吧 |
| 560 | But the timescales for change | 但改变的时间尺度 |
| 561 | were typically much larger than that. | 通常比这大得多。 |
| 562 | The timescales for political change | 政治变革的时间尺度 |
| 563 | and the timescales for technological change, much larger. | 以及技术变革的时间尺度,要大得多。 |
| 564 | So as a species, we've grown accustomed to the thought that, | 所以作为一个物种,我们已经习惯了 认为, |
| 565 | yeah, what we see is how it will always be. | 是啊,我们所看到的是 它会永远是。 |
| 566 | But of course, as we look back through history, | 当然,当我们回顾历史时, |
| 567 | we can see the changes. | 我们可以看到变化。 |
| 568 | And so we're uncomfortable with change | 所以,我们不舒服 对于变化 |
| 569 | because we're unused to living through that kind of change | 因为我们被利用 过这样的变化 |
| 570 | at the kind of speed that we are | 以我们的速度 |
| 571 | and will continue to encounter. | 并会继续遇到。 |
| 572 | But I think we just have to get with it. | 但我想我们只是需要 得到它。 |
| 573 | Now, look, I don't want AI system to wipe us out. | 听着 我不想AI系统把我们消灭 |
| 574 | Don't get me wrong. | 别误会 |
| 575 | But I think if we recognize | 但我想如果我们认得 |
| 576 | that change is happening, will happening, | 变化正在发生,将会发生, |
| 577 | we can embrace it in a way that will have an outcome | 我们可以接受它的方式 有结果 |
| 578 | that will be acceptable, that will in fact be wonderful | 这将是可以接受的, 这事实上将是美妙的 |
| 579 | in the things that it will allow us to do. | 在它允许我们做的事上 |
| 580 | I'm quite curious. | 我有点好奇 |
| 581 | You talked about AI being able to solve | 你说AI能解决 |
| 582 | that complex math problem. | 那个复杂的数学问题。 |
| 583 | I'm wondering if with accelerating | 我想知道,如果与加速 |
| 584 | ever more intelligent AI, | 更聪明的AI, |
| 585 | there's a bunch of other things within physics | 物理里面还有一堆东西 |
| 586 | that you think might become possible in the near term. | 你认为在近期内有可能实现。 |
| 587 | I mean, one of them I was thinking about, | 我的意思是,其中之一 我在想, |
| 588 | we can talk about some of the others that I have in my mind, | 我们可以谈一些其他的 我脑海里, |
| 589 | and any others that you think are interesting, | 和你们认为有趣的人, |
| 590 | but one of them is us being able to live forever. | 但其中之一就是我们能永远活着 |
| 591 | Yeah. | 对 |
| 592 | Do you think we're gonna be able to live forever? | 你觉得我们能永远活下去吗? |
| 593 | Yeah, that would be a good one. | 是啊,这将是一个很好的。 |
| 594 | I don't think that death is inevitable | 我不认为死亡是不可避免的 |
| 595 | in the sense that death can be thought of | 从死亡的意义上说 |
| 596 | as the increase in entropy, | 和增加的 en一样, |
| 597 | the increase in disorder in a physical system. | 物理系统中的混乱增加。 |
| 598 | And when the entropy gets too large, | 当 en体太大时 |
| 599 | the system can't function the way it once did. | 系统不能像以前那样运作 |
| 600 | And that's really what we call death, right? | 这就是所谓的死亡,对不对? |
| 601 | That's really what it means. | 这才是真正的意思。 |
| 602 | And so in principle, | 所以原则上 |
| 603 | we can imagine harnessing some of the processes | 我们可以想象利用一些过程 |
| 604 | that have caused the degradation in the human body | 导致人体退化 |
| 605 | that have naturally resulted in us | 自然导致我们 |
| 606 | typically not living more than 100 or 120 years. | 一般不超过100年或120年。 |
| 607 | I mean, people like David Sinclair, | 我是说,像大卫·辛克莱这样的人 |
| 608 | who I've spoken to about things like this, | 我和他谈过这种事 |
| 609 | yeah, I think we can forestall the kinds of degradation. | 是的,我想我们可以防止 那种退化。 |
| 610 | Now, if you're talking to me, | 如果你跟我说话 |
| 611 | I think on timescales that are so much longer | 我想在时间尺度 如此长 |
| 612 | than a human life. | 而不是人的生命。 |
| 613 | I think about timescales that speak to | 我想到时间尺度 说话 |
| 614 | the entire timeframe of the cosmos | 宇宙的整个时间范围 |
| 615 | from beginning to the closest that science | 从开始到最接近科学 |
| 616 | can take us to the very end. | 能带我们走到尽头 |
| 617 | And on those scales, | 在这些尺度上, |
| 618 | I don't think that we will be able to forestall death. | 我不认为我们能阻止死亡 |
| 619 | But please note, | 但请注意, |
| 620 | the timescales I'm talking about are ludicrous | 我说的时间尺度是可笑的 |
| 621 | compared to any timescale that we are familiar with. | 与我们熟悉的时间尺度相比 |
| 622 | A hundred more years, 200 more years, | 再过一百年,再过二百年 |
| 623 | maybe 500 more years. | 也许还有500年 |
| 624 | I don't think anybody can really say for sure. | 我想没有人能肯定地说 |
| 625 | I do think that is within the possible range | 我认为这是在可能的范围内 |
| 626 | of what science and medicine | 科学与医学 |
| 627 | will ultimately be able to accomplish. | 最终将能够完成。 |
| 628 | And I will say though, | 我会说,虽然, |
| 629 | I read a book when I was about in my 20s | 我20多岁的时候读过一本书 |
| 630 | called The Denial of Death by Ernest Becker. | 被欧内斯特·贝克尔称为"否认死亡". |
| 631 | He was a social psychologist, I guess, | 他是一个社会心理学家,我想, |
| 632 | sociologist who believed strongly | 社会学家谁坚信 |
| 633 | that so much of what we do in our lives | 我们一生中所做的一切 |
| 634 | is driven by our awareness of our own mortality. | 是因为我们意识到自己的死亡。 |
| 635 | And as I began to think more and more about that, | 当我开始思考这个问题时, |
| 636 | it made more and more sense to me, | 这对我来说越来越有意义了, |
| 637 | which had a dual effect on me. | 对我有双重影响 |
| 638 | Very interesting framework to think about your life | 思考你生活的框架非常有趣 |
| 639 | within the context of recognizing its finite nature. | 承认其有限性质。 |
| 640 | But the flip side of that is | 但反面是, |
| 641 | you're constantly thinking about your own death, | 你一直想着自己的死亡, |
| 642 | which is a curious way to go about your life. | 这是你人生的奇特之道 |
| 643 | But I don't think the denial of death, | 但我不认为否认死亡, |
| 644 | that human motivation would go away | 人类的动机会消失 |
| 645 | if we lived 200 years or 300 or 500. | 如果我们活了200年或300年或500年 |
| 646 | Yeah, we'd have longer lifespans, | 是啊,我们会有更长的寿命, |
| 647 | we'd be able to do more things. | 我们可以做更多的事情。 |
| 648 | But if we lived to 500, | 但如果我们活到500岁 |
| 649 | as we approach 450, 475, | 随着我们接近450,475, |
| 650 | we'll be thinking the exact same thoughts | и穦妓稱猭 |
| 651 | that we think now as we approach 70 or 80. | 我们现在认为我们接近70或80。 |
| 652 | It'll be no different. | 将无异也. |
| 653 | And so from a fundamental perspective, | 所以从一个基本的角度来说, |
| 654 | yeah, I would choose to live longer, | 是啊,我会选择 长寿, |
| 655 | but I don't think it changes anything fundamentally. | 但我觉得这根本改变不了什么 |
| 656 | I find it quite interesting. | 我觉得很有趣 |
| 657 | I was actually writing a letter about this, | 其实我写了封信 |
| 658 | sort of an article to myself really about this yesterday, | 昨天我写了一篇文章 |
| 659 | about this idea of long-termism | 关于这种长期主义的想法 |
| 660 | and how when you just change the time horizon of something, | 当你改变时间范围时 |
| 661 | the decisions you make today are different. | 你今天的决定不同 |
| 662 | And a simple way of explaining this | 一个简单的解释方法 |
| 663 | through the context of like business would be, | 以商业为背景, |
| 664 | if I told you to build a business, | 狦и暗 |
| 665 | then I gave you one year and unlimited resources, | 然后我给了你一年 和无限的资源, |
| 666 | but you had to build it as big as you could. | 但你必须尽可能大一点 |
| 667 | You would take certain shortcuts | 你会走一些捷径 |
| 668 | and you would maybe not think about the foundations. | 你也许不会考虑那些基础 |
| 669 | But if I gave you 20 years, | 但如果我给你20年 |
| 670 | you'd really make great foundations | 你真的会做 伟大的基础 |
| 671 | and then you'd build up from there. | 然后你会从那里积聚起来。 |
| 672 | And I think about the same in our lives | 我想我们的生活一样 |
| 673 | because we do have this sort of inbuilt time horizon. | 因为我们确实有这种内在的时间范围。 |
| 674 | Okay, I'm gonna live maybe 80 years | 好吧,我可能会活80年 |
| 675 | and then I'm 30 and then 40 and then kids | 然后我30岁 40岁 然后是孩子 |
| 676 | and then I start to change. | 然后我开始改变。 |
| 677 | And maybe at some deeper level, | 也许在更深层次上 |
| 678 | we are making a certain set of decisions | 我们正在做一系列决定 |
| 679 | based on that time horizon that we wouldn't make otherwise. | 以我们无法实现的时间范围为基础 |
| 680 | Yeah, I mean, when I was 20 or 30, | 是啊,我的意思是, 当我20或30, |
| 681 | even though I had this mindset | 虽然我有这种心态 |
| 682 | that was inculcated by reading Becker's book, | 这是通过阅读贝克的书来灌输的, |
| 683 | there was a certain sense of an infinite horizon | 有一种无限的视野感 |
| 684 | that somehow was infusing your decisions to write a book. | 你决定写一本书 |
| 685 | Well, that's like a four-year undertaking, | 这就像一个四年的工作, |
| 686 | but when you're 30, you're like, | 但当你30岁,你喜欢, |
| 687 | yeah, sure, yeah, I'm gonna do that. | 是的,当然,是的,我会做到这一点。 |
| 688 | Now, I'm gonna choose those books | 现在,我要选那些书 |
| 689 | with a certain kind of care, right? | 有某种照顾,对不对? |
| 690 | There's a different kind of mindset | 有一个不同的心态 |
| 691 | that is brought to bear. | 这已经是现实了 |
| 692 | So I certainly agree that the time horizon | 所以我同意时间范围 |
| 693 | has a profound impact on the moment-to-moment choices, | 对瞬间的选择有着深远的影响, |
| 694 | but the pattern that we humans go through | 但我们人类所经历的模式 |
| 695 | from birth to adolescence, adulthood, middle age | 从出生到青春期、成年、中年 |
| 696 | to ultimately old age, if we're lucky, | 如果我们运气好的话 最终会老掉牙 |
| 697 | and then we disappear, | 然后我们消失了, |
| 698 | that pattern will persist | 模式将持续下去 |
| 699 | regardless of what the ultimate scale of it is, | 不管它的最终规模是什么 |
| 700 | whether it's 80 years or 800 years. | 不管是80年还是800年 |
| 701 | I think that we would go through a very similar kind | 我想我们会经历一种非常相似的 |
| 702 | of rhythmic variation in how we approach the world. | 我们如何对待世界的节奏变化 |
| 703 | If we were immortal, that would change a lot, | 如果我们是永生的 那会改变很多 |
| 704 | but I don't see immortality in our future. | 但我没有看到永生在我们的未来。 |
| 705 | What is the sort of the least inspiring possibility | 什么是最没有灵感的可能性 |
| 706 | of the sort of answer to the big question of why we're here? | 对为什么我们在这里这个大问题的答案? |
| 707 | And then I'll ask you the most optimistic possibility. | 然后我会问你最乐观的可能性。 |
| 708 | Yeah, I think the least inspiring would be if, | 是的,我认为最不令人鼓舞的是,如果, |
| 709 | what if in the end of the day, it's all just an accident? | 如果在一天结束时,一切都只是意外呢? |
| 710 | There is no deep explanation | 没有什么深刻的解释 |
| 711 | for why the world is the way it is. | 为甚么世间如是. |
| 712 | There's no deep explanation | 没有深刻的解释 |
| 713 | for why there's something rather than nothing. | 为什么有东西比什么都没有。 |
| 714 | And if that's the truth, I'm on board. | 如果这是真的,我在船上。 |
| 715 | But it wouldn't feel as enriching as it might be | 但它不会觉得像它可能丰富 |
| 716 | if I can now jump to the other side of your question. | 如果我现在能跳到你的问题的另一边。 |
| 717 | You know, if there is a true fundamental answer | 你知道,如果有一个真正的基本答案 |
| 718 | to the question of why there is anything at all, | 关于为什么有什么问题, |
| 719 | and I recognize that that answer dovetails | 我承认答案是鸽尾 |
| 720 | with everything else that we've been developing, | 与所有我们一直在开发, |
| 721 | that answer ultimately yields quantum mechanics | 这个答案最终会产生量子力学 |
| 722 | and yields the general theory of relativity, | 产生相对论, |
| 723 | maybe even yield string theory. | 也许甚至产生弦理论。 |
| 724 | That would feel deeply satisfying. | 那会很满意的 |
| 725 | Why did our brain evolve? | 为什么我们的大脑会进化? |
| 726 | So we could get the next meal. | 这样我们就能下顿饭了 |
| 727 | So we could get shelter. | 这样我们就可以得到避难所。 |
| 728 | So we could get a mate and have progeny, | 这样我们就能得到一个伴侣 并有后代, |
| 729 | allowing our genetic material to propagate | 允许我们的遗传物质传播 |
| 730 | into our descendants, right? | 进入我们的后代,对不对? |
| 731 | This is what the brain was meant to do. | 这就是大脑的本意。 |
| 732 | And yet this brain can do so much more than that. | 然而,这个大脑可以做这么多。 |
| 733 | It can figure out the equations of physics. | 它可以计算出物理的方程式. |
| 734 | That's a miracle right there. | 这真是个奇迹 |
| 735 | And so the deep gratification would come from this brain, | 因此,深深的满足会来自这个大脑, |
| 736 | being able to figure out some stuff | 能够想出一些东西 |
| 737 | and then it dovetails with the deep explanation | 然后它随深层的解释而出现 |
| 738 | for why there's anything at all, | 为什么有什么, |
| 739 | giving us a coherent narrative from the beginning | 从一开始就给我们一个连贯的叙述 |
| 740 | until today and perhaps on into the far future. | 直到今天,也许进入遥远的未来。 |
| 741 | Yeah. | 对 |
| 742 | Do you think it's gonna happen? | 你觉得会发生吗? |
| 743 | Do you think we're gonna answer that question? | 你觉得我们会回答这个问题吗? |
| 744 | I don't know. | 师曰. |
| 745 | Nobody does. | 没有人知道。 |
| 746 | I think all vectors are pointing in a direction | 我觉得所有的向量都指向一个方向 |
| 747 | that suggests that there are real explanations, | 说明有真实的解释 |
| 748 | that it's not just happenstance. | 这不仅仅是偶然的。 |
| 749 | There are these particles we mentioned before | 我们之前提到的这些粒子 |
| 750 | called electrons. | 叫做电子 |
| 751 | Here it is, my spinning electron, right? | 在这里,我的旋转电子,对不对? |
| 752 | And so when an electron spins, | 所以当电子旋转时, |
| 753 | it arrives to a little magnetic field, | 它到达一个小磁场, |
| 754 | sort of like a trillionth of the strength | 就像万亿的能量 |
| 755 | of the magnetic field of a magnet on your refrigerator. | 你冰箱上的磁铁磁场。 |
| 756 | We can use the math of quantum mechanics | 我们可以用量子力学的数学 |
| 757 | to predict the strength of that magnetic field. | 来预测磁场的强度 |
| 758 | And we can do it and it comes out two point, | 我们可以做到这一点,它 出来了两点, |
| 759 | 15 decimal places long. | 小数15位 |
| 760 | We can do the math. | 我们可以算数 |
| 761 | We then can measure the magnetic field | 然后我们可以测量磁场 |
| 762 | and it agrees digit by digit by digit by digit by digit | 它同意数字化 数字化 数字化 数字化 |
| 763 | with what we calculate. | 用我们的计算。 |
| 764 | Our prediction is born out by our observations | 我们的预测来自于我们的观察 |
| 765 | to 15 decimal places. | 至小数点后15位。 |
| 766 | I mean, that's breathtaking. | 我的意思是,这是令人惊叹的。 |
| 767 | We should not have been able to do that in some sense | 我们本不该这么做的 |
| 768 | to understand the world that deeply with the brain | 来理解大脑深处的世界 |
| 769 | that really was focused upon getting the bison. | 这其实是专注于 得到野牛。 |
| 770 | And so the fact that we can do that | 所以,事实上,我们可以做到这一点 |
| 771 | suggests to me that there are these deep patterns | 对我来说,有这些深层模式 |
| 772 | in the world that will ultimately stitch together | 最终会一起缝合的世界 |
| 773 | into a coherent story. | 进入一个连贯的故事。 |
| 774 | Do you think it could lead us to God or religion? | 你觉得这能引领我们走向上帝或宗教吗? |
| 775 | Yeah, it depends what you mean by God. | 是啊,这取决于你的意思是上帝。 |
| 776 | If you mean the kind of God that our forebears | 如果你指的是我们先辈的神 |
| 777 | often have spoken of and people today as well, | 经常谈论和人们今天, |
| 778 | a kind of anthropomorphize being, | 一种人类变形, |
| 779 | sitting on the throne in some heavenly place. | 坐在某个天堂的宝座上 |
| 780 | I suspect not. | 我怀疑没有 |
| 781 | That feels to me very much a human creation | 这对我来说是人类的创造 |
| 782 | and a wondrous human creation. | 与众生, |
| 783 | I'm not of the mindset as some of my science colleagues are | 我和一些科学同事不一样 |
| 784 | that religion is an enemy of science and needs to be wiped. | 宗教是科学的敌人,需要消灭。 |
| 785 | It can be, but anything can be an enemy of anything else. | 它可以是,但任何事物都可以成为其他事物的敌人. |
| 786 | It depends how you use it. | 这取决于你如何使用它。 |
| 787 | I see religion not as a structure | 我将宗教视为一种结构 |
| 788 | that tries to explain the world in terms of its workings. | 试图解释世界的运作。 |
| 789 | I see it as a structure that tries to quell our anxiety, | 我认为这是一个结构 试图平息我们的焦虑, |
| 790 | our existential anxiety. | 我们的生存焦虑。 |
| 791 | Where did religions come from? | 宗教从何而来? |
| 792 | They came from our forebears recognizing that they would die. | 他们来自我们的先辈 承认他们会死。 |
| 793 | So our forebears had these elaborate rituals | 所以我们的前辈们有这些精心策划的仪式 |
| 794 | of burying their dead. | 埋葬他们的死亡。 |
| 795 | There are these wonderful caves | 有这些美妙的洞穴 |
| 796 | in various parts of the world that have been excavated | 世界各地被发掘出来的 |
| 797 | where the grave goods, as they call it, | 那里有他们所说的坟墓, |
| 798 | involving animal teeth stitched together, care. | 关乎动物牙齿的缝合 注意 |
| 799 | It would take a single individual years | 需要一年的时间 |
| 800 | to create the grave goods that are buried | 创造埋葬的坟墓 |
| 801 | with an individual. | 与个人。 |
| 802 | Why would they spend the time on that? | 他们为什么要花时间去调查? |
| 803 | Well, they were imagining that death is not the end, | 他们想象着死亡不是结束 |
| 804 | that that individual needed those grave goods | 这个人需要这些重物 |
| 805 | for their next journey into the afterlife. | 他们的下一个旅程 在来世。 |
| 806 | And why were they thinking about that? | 他们为什么考虑这个? |
| 807 | Because it's too terrifying to imagine | 因为它太可怕了 无法想象 |
| 808 | that death is truly the end. | 死亡才是真正的终结 |
| 809 | And so from that, you can see the glimmers | 因此,你可以看到闪光 |
| 810 | of a religious sensibility emerging | 宗教意识的形成 |
| 811 | where we want to have something that suggests | 在那里,我们希望有 一些暗示 |
| 812 | that death is not the end. | 死亡不是结束。 |
| 813 | So we invent these beautiful structures called religions. | 所以我们发明了这些美丽的结构,称为宗教。 |
| 814 | And I say that even from a personal standpoint, | 而我说,即使从个人角度来说, |
| 815 | I don't believe in any of the traditional | 我不相信任何传统 |
| 816 | religious practices, right? | 宗教实践,对不对? |
| 817 | I'm Jewish, I was raised sort of Jewish | 我是犹太人,我是犹太人 |
| 818 | more culturally than religiously. | 文化上比宗教上要强 |
| 819 | Do I pray on occasion? | 我偶尔会祈祷吗? |
| 820 | Yeah, I do. | 没错 |
| 821 | Do I believe that I'm praying to an actual God? | 我相信我在向真正的上帝祈祷吗? |
| 822 | I do not. | 我没有。 |
| 823 | But the act of going through the kind of ritual | 但经历这种仪式的行为 |
| 824 | that our ancestors did and giving yourself over momentarily | 我们的祖先做了 并让自己瞬间 |
| 825 | to something that you imagine as being more powerful, | 对于你想象的 更强大的东西, |
| 826 | I think it's deeply in our nature. | 我认为这在我们的本性很深 |
| 827 | So who are you praying to? | 你在向谁祈祷? |
| 828 | I am praying to the universe, | 我向宇宙祈祷 |
| 829 | if I have to give a word to it, | 如果我不得不说, |
| 830 | recognizing that this prayer is gonna fall on deaf ears | 承认这次祈祷会落到耳边 |
| 831 | because there's nothing else out there to hear it, | 因为外面没有别的东西可以听 |
| 832 | but it makes me feel better. | 但它让我感觉更好。 |
| 833 | And so there's a part of my mind | 所以,有一部分 我的思想 |
| 834 | that's willing to allow the scientific understanding | 愿意让科学了解 |
| 835 | to have its place, | 拥有它的位置, |
| 836 | but the irrational human side to have its place too. | 但非理性的人类 也有它的地位。 |
| 837 | What is the most compelling argument | 最有说服力的论点是什么 |
| 838 | or idea or experience you've ever encountered for a God, | 或者你曾经为上帝遇到过的想法或经历 |
| 839 | like the ones we read about in the Bibles? | 就像我们在圣经里读到的一样? |
| 840 | Very little, very little. | 甚少甚细. |
| 841 | Somebody died in the operating room | 有人在手术室死了 |
| 842 | and they were able to leave their body | 他们得以离开身体 |
| 843 | and see things that they could not possibly have seen. | 他们看见自己所不能看见的。 |
| 844 | And then they reported back when they were revived | 复活后他们报到 |
| 845 | and people were like, | 和人们一样, |
| 846 | oh, you must have died and left your body. | 哦,你一定是死了,离开了你的身体。 |
| 847 | That's the only, no, no, no, no. | 这是唯一的,不,不,不,不。 |
| 848 | The human brain has this wonderful imaginative capacity | 人类的大脑有如此奇妙的想象力 |
| 849 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}看里面的东西 | |
| 850 | that it doesn't literally see. | 它从字面上看不出来。 |
| 851 | That's what we can do. | 这就是我们能做的。 |
| 852 | And so I've never seen a single example | 所以我从来没有见过一个例子 |
| 853 | where I couldn't feel that I could give a logical explanation | 我无法解释 |
| 854 | which was more compelling | 更有说服力 |
| 855 | than the supernatural explanation. | 比超自然的解释。 |
| 856 | What about the Big Bang then? | 那大爆炸怎么办? |
| 857 | Good, so the Big Bang is a question | 好,所以大爆炸是个问题 |
| 858 | of how it got started. | 如何开始。 |
| 859 | And over time, we have been able to push our understanding | 随着时间的推移,我们得以推动我们的理解 |
| 860 | ever further back. | 离现在更远 |
| 861 | So in about 19, call it 29 or so, | 所以在大约19年,叫它29左右, |
| 862 | Edwin Hubble, who was a great astronomer, | 埃德温·哈勃,一位伟大的天文学家, |
| 863 | noticed through powerful observations | 通过强力观测发现 |
| 864 | through the telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory | 通过威尔逊山天文台的望远镜 |
| 865 | in California, that the distant galaxies | 在加州,遥远的星系 |
| 866 | all seem to be moving away. | 他们似乎都搬走了 |
| 867 | Interesting. | 有意思,这很有趣 |
| 868 | Others, George Lemaitre, who is a Belgian priest, | 其他人,乔治·莱马特尔,他是比利时牧师, |
| 869 | as it turns out, who also knew Einstein's general relativity, | 事实证明 他也知道爱因斯坦的相对论 |
| 870 | said, well, look, if all the galaxies are moving away, | 说,好吧,你看, 如果所有的星系都在移动, |
| 871 | just wind that cosmic film backwards. | 把宇宙电影倒过来 |
| 872 | Back in time, they must have been closer | 回到过去,他们一定更亲近 |
| 873 | and closer and closer together. | 更亲近彼此 |
| 874 | Way back in the beginning, | 早在开始的时候 |
| 875 | they must have all been on top of each other. | 他们一定都在上面 |
| 876 | And then everything running the film forward | 然后一切 运行电影向前 |
| 877 | must have swelled outward in a Big Bang-like explosion. | 一定是在大爆炸中向外膨胀的 |
| 878 | Let there be light. | 令诸光明. |
| 879 | Let there be light, yeah. | 让光照亮,是的。 |
| 880 | And so starting in 1929, | 所以从1929年开始 |
| 881 | we began to have a scientific account | 我们开始有一个科学帐户 |
| 882 | of how it is that the universe may have been | 宇宙是怎样的 |
| 883 | billions of years ago. | 数十亿年前. |
| 884 | And in our era, other scientists took the story even further, | 在我们这个时代,其他科学家 更深入地了解这个故事, |
| 885 | suggesting that there was an earlier era | 说明有更早的时代 |
| 886 | when the universe was just infused | 当宇宙刚刚注入 |
| 887 | with a kind of uniform energy. | 一种统一的能量。 |
| 888 | You could say, where did the energy come? | 你可以说,能量从哪里来的? |
| 889 | I don't know. | 师曰. |
| 890 | But if it was infused with this uniform energy, | 但如果它充满了这种统一能量 |
| 891 | they showed that the math required | 他们显示,数学需要 |
| 892 | that the universe underwent this rapid swelling, | 宇宙经历了如此迅速的膨胀, |
| 893 | the Big Bang. | 大爆炸的发生 |
| 894 | And so era by era by era, | 逐个时代, |
| 895 | my point is we can push our understanding ever more deeply, | 我想说的是 我们可以更深入地推进我们的理解 |
| 896 | trying to get at cosmic origins. | 试图进入宇宙起源。 |
| 897 | We have not been able to push back to time zero itself, | 我们无法回到时间零本身, |
| 898 | but because we're able to push our understanding | 因为我们能推动我们的理解 |
| 899 | further back and make predictions about, for instance, | 进一步回顾并预测,例如, |
| 900 | what's known as the cosmic microwave background radiation. | 宇宙微波背景辐射 |
| 901 | This is heat that we can observe today | 我们今天能观察到的热量 |
| 902 | that was left over from the Big Bang. | 那是大爆炸遗留下来的 |
| 903 | Big Bang was very hot. | 大爆炸非常热。 |
| 904 | The universe has cooled ever since for 13.8 billion years. | 宇宙从此冷却了138亿年. |
| 905 | We can detect the residual heat from the Big Bang. | 我们可以探测到大爆炸残留的热量 |
| 906 | And so this gives me confidence | 这让我有信心 |
| 907 | that we're inching toward the answer | 我们正朝着答案前进 |
| 908 | to the question that you asked. | 你问的问题。 |
| 909 | Now, will we require God at some point? | 现在,我们会需要上帝吗? |
| 910 | By which I mean, will we say we've gone as far as we can? | 我的意思是,我们会说 我们已经走了尽可能远? |
| 911 | Will we have to invoke something else? | 我们还得引用别的吗? |
| 912 | I can't say no, but I don't see any reason at this point | 我不能说不,但我看不出有什么理由 |
| 913 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}想着我们无法全力以赴 | |
| 914 | to a full understanding. | 完全理解这一点。 |
| 915 | Most of us don't really understand, I guess, | 我们大多数人都不太明白,我想, |
| 916 | how scale and time have a relationship, | 规模和时间如何有关系, |
| 917 | which means that I've been alive for 33 years now. | 也就是说我已经活了33年了 |
| 918 | It feels like a long time, | 感觉很长一段时间 |
| 919 | but I'm presuming the further and further you zoom out | 但我假设你越来越远了 |
| 920 | and the sort of the bigger, the wider the scale gets, | 规模越大,规模就越大 |
| 921 | time is experienced differently. | 时间是不同的。 |
| 922 | So actually I could have been here for a second | 其实我本来可以在这里呆一阵子 |
| 923 | in a toddler's universe who's created the simulation. | 在一个孩子的宇宙里 谁创造了模拟。 |
| 924 | Yes, all of this is possible | 是的,这一切是可能的 |
| 925 | when simulations are part of the story. | 当模拟是故事的一部分。 |
| 926 | But if you put that to the side | 但是如果你把它放在一边 |
| 927 | and just look at our universe, | 看看我们的宇宙, |
| 928 | yeah, the time scales even there are shocking. | 是啊,时间尺度甚至令人震惊。 |
| 929 | I mean, Carl Sagan used an analogy. | 我的意思是,卡尔·萨根使用了类比法. |
| 930 | He said, look, if you wanna understand | 他说,你看, 如果你想了解 |
| 931 | the time scales of the universe | 宇宙的时间尺度 |
| 932 | from the beginning until today, | 从一开始直到今天 |
| 933 | which is billions of years, like 13.8 billion years, | 是亿年, 像138亿年, |
| 934 | he said, here's one way to do it. | 他说,有一个方法做到这一点。 |
| 935 | Imagine that all of cosmic history | 想象一下所有宇宙历史 |
| 936 | from the beginning until today, | 从一开始直到今天 |
| 937 | you can press it down to one year. | 你可以按下来一年。 |
| 938 | Now in that scheme, that means each day is about 40,000 years, | 在那个计划里,这意味着每天大约4万年, |
| 939 | but you can then put all of the milestone moments | 但你可以把所有里程碑的时刻 |
| 940 | in the evolution of the universe on the calendar. | 在日历上的宇宙进化。 |
| 941 | So imagine you have the Big Bang is January 1st, | 想象一下大爆炸发生在1月1日 |
| 942 | then the Milky Way galaxy forms like something around, | 然后银河系形成 周围的东西, |
| 943 | March 15th or something like that. | 三月十五日或类. |
| 944 | And the sun and the earth form sometime in May. | 而日地五月某日成形. |
| 945 | And then the first life on earth is sometime in December, | 然后地球上的第一个生命是12月的某个时候, |
| 946 | like December 2nd. | 像12月2日一样 |
| 947 | And then the first modern humans, | 然后是第一批现代人类 |
| 948 | they appear like on New Year's Eve, right? | 他们看起来像在除夕夜,对不对? |
| 949 | And then all of civilization | 然后所有的文明 |
| 950 | takes place in the last 10 seconds, right? | 发生在最后10秒,对不对? |
| 951 | So like 1155, it's the rise of the Buddha, | 因此,像1155年,这是佛的兴起, |
| 952 | 1156, the fall of Rome, | 1156年,罗马沦陷, |
| 953 | 1158, the Renaissance, 1159, | 1158年 文艺复兴时期,1159年, |
| 954 | like one second to the stroke of midnight, | 就像午夜的中风一样 |
| 955 | you get modern science. | 你得到现代科学。 |
| 956 | So like modern science is like one second | 所以,像现代科学 就像一秒钟 |
| 957 | in this cosmic calendar. | 在这个宇宙历中。 |
| 958 | And so that helps you get a feel for the timescales | 这样你就能感受到时间尺度 |
| 959 | that are involved when you're talking cosmologically, | 当你在宇宙学上说话时, |
| 960 | because you're right, 33 years in a lifetime, | 因为你是对的 一生33年 |
| 961 | I'm gonna posit you're gonna live to 99, let's say, | 我假设你会活到99岁 |
| 962 | that's one third of your life. | 这是你生命的三分之一。 |
| 963 | That's not small, it's not big, | 这不是小,也不是大, |
| 964 | but it's a significant part of it. | 但它是一个很重要的部分。 |
| 965 | On cosmic terms, 33 years, it's zero, it doesn't register. | 在宇宙方面,33年是零,没有注册. |
| 966 | That's how tiny it is on the scales | 在天平上这么小 |
| 967 | that we're talking about cosmologically. | 我们在谈论宇宙学 |
| 968 | So should I feel insignificant? | 那我应该感到无足轻重吗? |
| 969 | You can, I would urge you not to. | 你可以的,我会敦促你不要。 |
| 970 | One of the reactions to all this certainly can be, | 对这一切的反应之一 当然是, |
| 971 | look, we're a little tiny speck in space, right? | 你看,我们是一个小 微小的空间,对不对? |
| 972 | I mean, you can give the same kind of context | 我的意思是,你可以给 同样的背景 |
| 973 | for space itself, right? | 空间本身,对不对? |
| 974 | Because we're on a planet around the sun. | 因为我们在太阳周围的星球上 |
| 975 | The sun is one star of a hundred billion others or so | 太阳是一千亿颗恒星 |
| 976 | in the Milky Way galaxy. | 在银河系。 |
| 977 | Have you got a... | 你有一个... |
| 978 | Yeah, I think there's a little version of this thing here | 是的,我想这里有个小版本 |
| 979 | if we can get this guy to go on. | 如果我们能让这家伙继续。 |
| 980 | Right, yeah, so if you sort of start like here, right? | 好吧,是的,所以如果你有点开始 像这里,对不对? |
| 981 | Here we are in the studio, right? | 我们在工作室,对吧? |
| 982 | And if here we then begin to pull out to planet earth, | 如果在这里我们开始向地球撤退 |
| 983 | like we're a little dot on planet earth. | 就像我们是一个小点 在地球上。 |
| 984 | And then if you pull out from there, | 然后如果你从那里拉出来, |
| 985 | this is earth within the solar system. | 这是太阳系内的地球 |
| 986 | You begin to see how tiny we look, | 你开始看到我们是多么的渺小, |
| 987 | even on the scale of the solar system. | 甚至太阳系的规模。 |
| 988 | But of course, here you can pull out further | 但当然了,在这里你可以更远一点 |
| 989 | and you begin to see our sun, | 你开始看到我们的太阳, |
| 990 | one of many stars within the galaxies. | 星系内众多恒星之一 |
| 991 | You only see a few here, | 你在这里只看到几个 |
| 992 | but there are a hundred billion stars in our galaxy. | 但银河系有一千亿颗恒星 |
| 993 | And then you can go even further than that. | 然后你可以更远。 |
| 994 | You can look at our Milky Way galaxy | 你可以看看银河系 |
| 995 | within the setting of the entire universe | 在整个宇宙的环境下 |
| 996 | that has at least a hundred billion other galaxies. | 至少还有一千亿个星系 |
| 997 | So we, as a little tiny speck around our star, | 所以,我们,作为一个小微小的斑点 在我们的星星, |
| 998 | our star is one of a hundred billion stars | 我们的恒星是千亿星之一 |
| 999 | in a galaxy that's one of a hundred billion galaxies. | 在一个千亿星系中 |
| 1000 | That can certainly make you feel small in space. | 这肯定会让你觉得在太空里很小。 |
| 1001 | The beauty though is that our minds | 但美丽的是我们的思想 |
| 1002 | can reach out to the edge of the cosmos. | 可以伸向宇宙的边缘 |
| 1003 | The fact that we can understand that we are so small | 我们明白我们如此小 |
| 1004 | is what gives us heft. | 是什么给了我们heft。 |
| 1005 | That's what gives us a sense of connection | 这让我们有了一种联系感 |
| 1006 | to something larger. | 给更大的东西。 |
| 1007 | I imagine that fish don't realize | 我想鱼不会意识到 |
| 1008 | that they're like in one ocean, | 他们就像在一个海洋, |
| 1009 | of many oceans on the earth, that's one planet. | 地球上的很多海洋, 是一个星球。 |
| 1010 | I don't think, maybe I'm wrong | 我不觉得,也许我错了 |
| 1011 | and maybe the fish are like, ah, yeah, yeah. | 也许鱼就像,啊,是啊,是啊。 |
| 1012 | But assuming that the fish don't know that, | 但假设鱼不知道 |
| 1013 | they don't know that they're insignificant. | 他们不知道他们是微不足道的。 |
| 1014 | They don't even really think in those terms per se. | 他们甚至不真正思考 这些术语本身。 |
| 1015 | But the fact that we can do that, | 但事实上,我们可以做到这一点, |
| 1016 | the fact that we can realize how insignificant we are | 我们意识到我们是多么的微不足道 |
| 1017 | when you talk about the expanse of space, | 当你谈论广阔的空间时, |
| 1018 | you realize that there are other measures of significance. | 你意识到还有其他重要的措施。 |
| 1019 | And one measure of significance | 和重要的一个尺度 |
| 1020 | is your ability to understand your own predicament. | 就是你理解自己困境的能力 |
| 1021 | And the fact that we can do that is what to me is wondrous. | 而事实上,我们能够做到这一点 对我来说是惊人的。 |
| 1022 | How do we know we're not just, | 我们怎么知道我们不只是... |
| 1023 | that whole universe there isn't just a, | 整个宇宙不仅仅是... |
| 1024 | we're just a microbe in the gut of a fish? | 我们只是鱼肚子里的微生物? |
| 1025 | Yeah, we could. | 是的,我们可以。 |
| 1026 | And again, that's much like this simulation argument. | 再说一遍,这和模拟辩论很像。 |
| 1027 | But let me give an example on here | 但让我举个例子 |
| 1028 | that helps give you a sense of why we believe this stuff. | 帮助你理解我们为什么相信这些东西 |
| 1029 | This here is the cosmic microwave background radiation. | 这是宇宙微波背景辐射 |
| 1030 | This is the heat left over from the beginning. | 这是从头到尾留下的热量 |
| 1031 | Now it's color coded. | 现为色身编码. |
| 1032 | The different colors correspond | 不同的颜色对应 |
| 1033 | to different temperatures in space. | 在空间的不同温度。 |
| 1034 | This is a picture of space with a device | 这是带有设备的空间图片 |
| 1035 | that measures the temperature at each location | 测量每个地点的温度 |
| 1036 | and assigns it a color. | 并赋予它一种颜色。 |
| 1037 | How much of space or just a segment? | 有多少空间或只是一段? |
| 1038 | This is a segment of the observable universe, | 这是可观测宇宙的一部分 |
| 1039 | the segment that we can see. | 我们可以看到的部分。 |
| 1040 | Now, space can be much larger than things that we can see. | 现在,空间可以比我们看到的东西大得多。 |
| 1041 | That's absolutely the case. | 绝对是这样 |
| 1042 | But my point is these tiny color variations | 但我要说的是这些细微的颜色变化 |
| 1043 | correspond to tiny temperature differences. | 对应于微小的温度差异。 |
| 1044 | We can use mathematics to predict the pattern | 我们可以用数学来预测模式 |
| 1045 | of the temperature variations. | 温度变化。 |
| 1046 | And what we predict matches this image | 而我们预测的 匹配这个图像 |
| 1047 | to incredible precision. | 到不可思议的精确。 |
| 1048 | And so the fact that we can do a calculation | 因此,我们可以做一个计算 |
| 1049 | right at this table with a piece of paper, | 就在这张桌子上 拿着一张纸 |
| 1050 | a pencil and a computer and generate an image | 铅笔和电脑并生成图像 |
| 1051 | that agrees with what we see, | 同意我们所看到的, |
| 1052 | we say, look, yeah, we can be skeptical. | 我们可以怀疑 |
| 1053 | Maybe we don't have the full answer, | 也许我们没有 完整的答案, |
| 1054 | but that agreement gives us confidence | 但协议给了我们信心 |
| 1055 | that we've got something in the direction of truth. | 我们掌握了真相 |
| 1056 | And that to me is what gives us something | 对我来说,这是给我们带来的东西 |
| 1057 | that counteracts the feeling of insignificance. | 与虚无感抗衡 |
| 1058 | And on that, if you just pull it up again, | 如果你再把它拉起来 |
| 1059 | so this is the observable universe, | 这就是可观测的宇宙 |
| 1060 | which is, I mean, how big is that? | 我的意思是,这是多大的? |
| 1061 | The universe is about 13.8 billion years old. | 宇宙约有138亿年历史. |
| 1062 | So you'd think that the distance we could see | 所以你会认为我们可以看到的距离 |
| 1063 | would be about 13.8 billion light years, | 大约138亿光年, |
| 1064 | the distance light can travel in one year. | 距离灯可以在一年之内行驶。 |
| 1065 | We can actually see a little bit further, | 我们实际上可以看到 一点点进一步, |
| 1066 | more like 45 billion light years. | 大约450亿光年。 |
| 1067 | So you can think about this as here we are, | 所以,你可以考虑 这一点,因为我们在这里, |
| 1068 | we look out billions of light years that way, | 我们看着数十亿光年, |
| 1069 | billions of light years that way, | 数十亿光年, |
| 1070 | billions of light years in every direction. | 百亿光年各向. |
| 1071 | And this is like a big sphere that surrounds us | 这就像一个大球 包围我们 |
| 1072 | and we're measuring its temperature, | 我们测量它的温度, |
| 1073 | the temperature of space, | 空间的温度, |
| 1074 | the photons that have traveled to us | 光子已经来到我们身边 |
| 1075 | from about 300,000 years after the beginning. | 从30万年前开始 |
| 1076 | So this picture is a snapshot in essence | 所以这张照片本质上是一幅快照 |
| 1077 | of what the universe was like a mere moment | 宇宙的瞬间 |
| 1078 | in cosmological terms, 300,000 years after the beginning. | 在宇宙学上,30万年后 |
| 1079 | That is an amazing picture. | 这是一个惊人的照片。 |
| 1080 | And what's beyond? | 还有别的什么? |
| 1081 | I don't know. | 师曰. |
| 1082 | I don't have any reason to suspect | 我没有任何理由怀疑 |
| 1083 | that reality radically changes | 现实发生了巨大变化 |
| 1084 | just beyond the place that we can see. | 超越我们可以看到的地方。 |
| 1085 | I think it's incredibly unlikely | 我觉得不太可能 |
| 1086 | that the world is so consistent | 这个世界是如此一致 |
| 1087 | with our scientific understanding for it to all be a ruse. | 我们对此的科学理解 是一种诡计 |
| 1088 | So is it infinite? | 所以这是无限的吗? |
| 1089 | It could be. | 可能会 |
| 1090 | And if it is infinite, | 如果它是无限的, |
| 1091 | there are some really weird things | 有一些非常奇怪的东西 |
| 1092 | if what we have been talking about isn't weird enough, right? | 如果我们一直在谈论 不够怪异,对不对? |
| 1093 | If the universe is infinite, | 如果宇宙是无限的, |
| 1094 | if you go sufficiently far out into space, | 如果你走得足够远的太空, |
| 1095 | you're virtually guaranteed | 你几乎可以保证 |
| 1096 | to find a copy of yourself out there | 在那里找到一份你自己的拷贝 |
| 1097 | and a copy of the earth out there | 和大地的复制品 |
| 1098 | and a copy of our galaxy out there. | 还有我们银河系的复制品 |
| 1099 | It's virtually impossible to imagine a universe | 这几乎不可能想象一个宇宙 |
| 1100 | that goes on infinitely far and doesn't repeat. | 并且不会重复 |
| 1101 | In fact, I see a prop here. | 事实上,我在这里看到一个道具。 |
| 1102 | I can sort of tell you why, right? | 我可以告诉你为什么,对不对? |
| 1103 | So here's a deck of cards, right? | 这是一张牌,对吗? |
| 1104 | I think it's a new deck, yeah. | 我觉得这是新的甲板,是的。 |
| 1105 | So everything is in order, right? | 所以一切都正常 对吧? |
| 1106 | It's all perfectly ordered like that. | 这一切都是完美的订单 这样。 |
| 1107 | Now, if I was to take this deck of cards | 现在,如果我拿这牌甲板 |
| 1108 | and I start to shuffle it, right? | 我开始洗涤它,对不对? |
| 1109 | So I'm not a particularly good shuffler, | 所以我不是一个特别好的洗手机, |
| 1110 | but you get the basic idea. | 但你得到的基本想法。 |
| 1111 | I keep shuffling, | 我不停地乱打 |
| 1112 | and of course the order changes every time, right? | 当然,命令每次都会改变,对吧? |
| 1113 | So if I now, I'm not a great shuffler, | 所以,如果我现在, 我不是一个伟大的洗手, |
| 1114 | so there's probably still some things | 所以也许还有一些事情 |
| 1115 | that are still in numerical order, | 仍按数字顺序排列, |
| 1116 | but it's more mixed up than it was before, | 但比以前更复杂 |
| 1117 | and I can keep on doing this. | 我可以继续这样做。 |
| 1118 | Now, sooner or later, | 现在,迟早, |
| 1119 | if I continue to shuffle these cards | 如果我继续洗牌 |
| 1120 | over and over and over and over and over and over again, | 一遍又一遍又一遍地说 |
| 1121 | sooner or later, it will get back | 迟早会回来的 |
| 1122 | to the completely ordered arrangement. | 完全命令的安排。 |
| 1123 | Why? | 为什么? |
| 1124 | Because there aren't enough different arrangements | 因为没有足够的不同的安排 |
| 1125 | to go around, right? | 绕过去,对吧? |
| 1126 | That idea applies in the universe in the following way. | 这个想法以如下方式适用于宇宙. |
| 1127 | In any region of space, there are particles. | 在任何空间区域,都有粒子。 |
| 1128 | Those particles can be arranged | 这些粒子可以安排 |
| 1129 | in a variety of different ways. | 以各种不同的方式。 |
| 1130 | Here they're arranged so that you and I | 在这里,他们安排好 你和我 |
| 1131 | are sitting at this table, | 坐在这桌, |
| 1132 | and we got the cameras and everything. | 我们得到了相机和一切。 |
| 1133 | This is just a particle arrangement. | 这只是一个粒子安排。 |
| 1134 | There are only a finite number of arrangements | 只有数目有限的安排 |
| 1135 | of particles in any given region of space. | 在任何特定空间区域的粒子。 |
| 1136 | This you can establish from the laws of quantum physics. | 这可以从量子物理定律中确定。 |
| 1137 | So if you go out far enough in space, | 如果你在太空里走得够远的话 |
| 1138 | region by region by region, | 按区域分列的 |
| 1139 | the particles will have different arrangements, | 粒子会有不同的安排, |
| 1140 | but they have to repeat, | 但他们必须重复, |
| 1141 | much like the order of the cards has to repeat. | 就像牌的顺序必须重复。 |
| 1142 | So there has to be a place out there. | 所以那里一定有个地方 |
| 1143 | In fact, if it goes on infinitely far, | 事实上,如果它持续了无限远, |
| 1144 | if you imagine I shuffle these cards infinitely many times, | 如果你想象我洗牌 无数次, |
| 1145 | I'll get that nice ordered arrangement | 我去订个好餐 |
| 1146 | infinitely many times too. | 无数次了 |
| 1147 | Similarly, there are infinitely many copies of you, | 同样地,你们有无数份 |
| 1148 | of me, of everything we're familiar with | 我,我们熟悉的一切 |
| 1149 | out there in the cosmos. | 在宇宙里,我们在这里 |
| 1150 | And so if the universe is infinite, | 如果宇宙是无限的 |
| 1151 | it kind of challenges a little bit our sense of self, right? | 它有点挑战 我们的自我感,对不对? |
| 1152 | Like what does it mean to be who you are | 就像你是谁意味着什么 |
| 1153 | if there are other versions of you | 如果还有其他版本的你 |
| 1154 | having the exact same thoughts, | 有同样的想法, |
| 1155 | they had the same childhood, | 他们有相同的童年, |
| 1156 | they had the same history because again, | 他们有同样的历史 因为再次, |
| 1157 | that's just an arrangement of particles over time | 那只是粒子随时间推移的安排 |
| 1158 | and it has to repeat. | 它必须重复。 |
| 1159 | There's a version out there of me that just loves wine. | 有个版本我只喜欢酒 |
| 1160 | There you go, right? | 给你,对吧? |
| 1161 | In fact, it's even easier, I should say, | 事实上,这更简单,我应该说, |
| 1162 | for the particle arrangement to almost, | 几乎是微粒排列的, |
| 1163 | but not quite exactly replicate what we're familiar with, | 但并不完全复制我们熟悉的东西, |
| 1164 | which would mean there's a universe out there | 也就是说外面有个宇宙 |
| 1165 | in which you and I are interchanged | 你和我在其中互换 |
| 1166 | or you grew up in New York City and I grew up something. | 或者你在纽约长大 我长大了 |
| 1167 | Because those are, again, almost replications. | 因为这些,再次,几乎复制。 |
| 1168 | You got the earth, you got the sun, | 你拥有地球,你拥有太阳, |
| 1169 | but the detailed particle arrangement is close to, | 但细微的颗粒排列接近, |
| 1170 | but not identical to what we are used to. | 但和我们习惯的不一样 |
| 1171 | So yeah, an infinite universe | 对,无限的宇宙 |
| 1172 | brings in some fairly strange ideas. | 带来了一些相当奇怪的想法。 |
| 1173 | But even in the observable universe, | 但即使在可观测的宇宙中 |
| 1174 | I mean, this transitions nicely to the subject of aliens, | 我的意思是,这个转变 良好的主题外星人, |
| 1175 | which people are very obsessed about. | 那是人们所迷恋的。 |
| 1176 | I guess there's two questions here, | 我想这里有两个问题 |
| 1177 | which is why do we care so much, | 这就是为什么我们这么关心, |
| 1178 | I guess philosophically about aliens? | 我想是外星人的哲学问题吧? |
| 1179 | I think we, at least in this country and elsewhere too, | 我想我们,至少在这个国家和其他地方, |
| 1180 | we love the idea of conspiracy. | 我们喜欢阴谋的想法。 |
| 1181 | We love the idea that the deep state | 我们喜欢深渊国家的想法 |
| 1182 | is hiding things from us. | 隐瞒了我们的事 |
| 1183 | And by we, I don't mean me, | 而通过我们, 我不是指我, |
| 1184 | I sort of mean the zeitgeist, | 我有点意思是泽吉主义者, |
| 1185 | loves the idea of this area 51. | 喜欢这个领域的想法 51。 |
| 1186 | So I think there's a desire for there to be more | 所以,我认为有一个愿望 有更多的 |
| 1187 | than what's apparent on the surface. | 比表面明显的东西。 |
| 1188 | And wouldn't it be exciting if we've long known | 如果我们早知道 会不会很刺激 |
| 1189 | that there are these aliens, | 这些外星人, |
| 1190 | they visited us and it's been kept under wraps. | 他们拜访了我们 并且被包裹起来 |
| 1191 | That's like the deep conspiracy that feeds that hunger | 这就像深层的阴谋 供养饥饿 |
| 1192 | for there to be something that is being hidden from us. | 因为有东西是 隐藏在我们的。 |
| 1193 | Now, I think the other reason is we're deeply lonely | 现在,我想另一个原因是 我们非常孤独 |
| 1194 | as a species. | 作为物种。 |
| 1195 | Sure, we've got people around, | 当然,我们这里有人 |
| 1196 | but I think this sense, | 但我觉得这种感觉, |
| 1197 | the desire for a God, | 对上帝的渴望, |
| 1198 | I don't think is that much different | 我不觉得有什么不同 |
| 1199 | from the desire for there to be other life out there. | 从渴望有其他生活在那里。 |
| 1200 | It's the desire to be part of something bigger. | 是想成为更大的事物的一部分 |
| 1201 | Now, if you ask me, | 现在 如果你问我 |
| 1202 | do I think there are actually other life forms out there? | 我觉得外面有其他生命形式吗? |
| 1203 | I'd like to think of it in two ways. | 一心奉请二法. |
| 1204 | One, yeah, I think it's hard to imagine | 一,是的,我觉得很难想象 |
| 1205 | that we're the only life. | 我们是唯一的生命。 |
| 1206 | I mean, the more we look, | 我的意思是,我们越看, |
| 1207 | the more we find the organic molecules necessary for life, | 越是找到生命所必需的有机分子 |
| 1208 | amino acids, nucleic acids, | 氨基酸,核酸, |
| 1209 | the raw material seems to not be too hard | 原料似乎不是太难 |
| 1210 | to come by in the cosmos. | 来到宇宙。 |
| 1211 | So to imagine that there's other bacterial life | 想象一下还有其它细菌生物 |
| 1212 | or viruses out there, | 或病毒在那里, |
| 1213 | that seems to me a reasonable working hypothesis. | 这对我来说是一个合理的假设。 |
| 1214 | But if you then say, | 但是如果你说, |
| 1215 | but what about intelligent life? | 但聪明的生活呢? |
| 1216 | And by intelligent life, | 通过智慧的生命 |
| 1217 | let's just call us intelligent. | 就叫我们聪明吧 |
| 1218 | And it's debatable, | 这很值得商榷 |
| 1219 | but let's just say that. | 但就这么说吧 |
| 1220 | That is a harder question. | 这是一个更困难的问题。 |
| 1221 | I mean, even on our planet, right? | 我的意思是,即使在我们的星球上,对不对? |
| 1222 | It was an asteroid 65 million years ago | 这是6500万年前的小行星 |
| 1223 | that wiped out the dinosaurs. | 它消灭了恐龙。 |
| 1224 | And in that way opened up the evolutionary pathway | 由此开启了进化之路 |
| 1225 | by which we came to dominate in the way that we do. | 由此我们以自己的方式来支配 |
| 1226 | Without that, it could still be the dinosaurs | 没有它,它仍然可能是恐龙 |
| 1227 | are grazing around on various plant life | 在各种植物的周围放牧 |
| 1228 | and other life forms on the surface of this earth. | 以及地球表面的其他生命形态 |
| 1229 | And without that kind of accident on some other world, | 在别的世界里没有这种意外 |
| 1230 | maybe intelligent life is rare or even so rare | 也许智慧生命是罕见的 甚至如此罕见 |
| 1231 | that we're the only example. | 我们是唯一的例子。 |
| 1232 | So I don't consider that an absurd perspective as well, | 所以我不认为 荒谬的观点,太, |
| 1233 | that there is life, | 那里有生命, |
| 1234 | but there may not be any intelligence beyond us. | 但也许我们没有情报 |
| 1235 | Much of the reason most people haven't posted content | 大部分原因 大多数人没有发布内容 |
| 1236 | or built their personal brand is because it's hard | 或建立他们的个人品牌 是因为它很难 |
| 1237 | and it's time consuming and we're all very, very busy. | 时间很耗,我们都很忙 |
| 1238 | And if you've never posted something before, | 如果你从来没有发布过什么, |
| 1239 | there's so many factors in your psychology | 你心理学中有很多因素 |
| 1240 | that stop you wanting to post | 停止你想要张贴 |
| 1241 | what people will think of you. | 人们会怎么想你。 |
| 1242 | Am I doing this right? | 我这样做是对的吗? |
| 1243 | Is the thing I'm saying absolutely stupid. | 我说的是蠢话 |
| 1244 | All of these result in paralysis, | 所有这些导致瘫痪, |
| 1245 | which means you don't post and your feed goes bare. | 这意味着你不会发帖,你的饲料会空空的 |
| 1246 | I'm an investor in a company called StanStore, | 我是一家叫斯坦斯托尔的公司的投资人 |
| 1247 | which you've probably heard me talk about. | 你可能听过我说的话了 |
| 1248 | And what they've been building | 他们一直在建造的东西 |
| 1249 | is this new tool called Stanley that uses AI, | 这个叫斯坦利的新工具 使用AI, |
| 1250 | looks at your feed, looks at your tone of voice, | 看你的饲料,看你的语气, |
| 1251 | looks at your history, | 看看你的历史, |
| 1252 | looks at your best performing posts | 看看你表现最好的职位 |
| 1253 | and tells you what you should post, | 并告诉你,你应当发布什么, |
| 1254 | makes those posts for you. | 做这些帖子给你。 |
| 1255 | You can also just use it for inspiration. | 你也可以只是用它来激励。 |
| 1256 | And sometimes what we need | 有时候我们需要的 |
| 1257 | when we're thinking about doing a post | 当我们考虑做一个职位 |
| 1258 | for our social media channels is inspiration. | 对于我们的社交媒体渠道是灵感。 |
| 1259 | Building an audience has fundamentally changed my life | 观众的建设从根本上改变了我的生活 |
| 1260 | and I think it could change yours too. | 我想它也会改变你的 |
| 1261 | So I'm inviting you to give this new tool a shot | 所以我邀请你给这个新工具一个机会 |
| 1262 | and let me know what you think. | 告诉我你的想法 |
| 1263 | All you have to do is search coach.stan.store now | 你只需要搜索教练 Stan 现在存储 |
| 1264 | to get started. | 开始吧 |
| 1265 | Whenever I talk to new founders, | 每次我和新创始人谈话 |
| 1266 | they all carry the same belief | 他们都有同样的信念 |
| 1267 | that the biggest threat to their small business | 对小企业的最大威胁 |
| 1268 | is having a bad product. | 产品不好 |
| 1269 | It's not. | 这不是。 |
| 1270 | The biggest threat they face | 他们面临的最大威胁 |
| 1271 | is hiring the wrong person for their small team | 为他们的小队找错人了 |
| 1272 | because bad hires put the handbrake on growth | 因为糟糕的雇佣使手刹在成长 |
| 1273 | and rapidly infect company culture. | 并迅速感染公司文化。 |
| 1274 | And I get it. | и笵 |
| 1275 | When you're starting out, | 当你开始的时候, |
| 1276 | you need A players to grow your company, | 你需要一个玩家来发展你的公司, |
| 1277 | but you don't have 40 spare hours to spend | 但你没有40个空闲时间 |
| 1278 | sifting through interviews. | 通过采访筛选。 |
| 1279 | So you hire fast to fill the seat, | 所以,你雇用快速填补座位, |
| 1280 | but this ends up costing you even more in the long term. | 但从长远来看 代价会更高 |
| 1281 | What any small business actually needs | 小企业实际需要什么? |
| 1282 | is a reliable and efficient way to find the right talent | 是找到合适的人才的可靠而有效的方法 |
| 1283 | without stalling momentum. | 没有拖延势头。 |
| 1284 | That's where our long-term sponsor LinkedIn | 这就是我们长期赞助商 链接 内 |
| 1285 | 而Linked In Hiring Pro 可以帮助你。 | |
| 1286 | It streamlines the entire hiring process | 它精简了整个聘用过程 |
| 1287 | from drafting a job description | 从起草职务说明中 |
| 1288 | to shortlisting candidates | 候选人入围名单 |
| 1289 | and conducting AI-powered interviews for initial screenings. | 并进行人工智能的访谈,进行初步筛选。 |
| 1290 | Nearly 60% of hirers who've used this tool | 将近60%的员工使用过这个工具 |
| 1291 | have found a candidate to interview within a week. | 在一周内找到了面试的候选人。 |
| 1292 | Hire right the first time around | 第一次就找对人了 |
| 1293 | and get started by posting your first job for free | 免费张贴第一份工作开始 |
| 1294 | at linkin.com slash DOAC. 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆. | |
| 1295 | 这是链接in.com slash DOAC | |
| 1296 | in terms and conditions of life. | 生活状况 |
| 1297 | If one of your children came to you and said, | 如果你的其中一个孩子来找你说 |
| 1298 | Dad, what is the meaning then of this life? | 爸爸,这生命的意义是什么? |
| 1299 | If we're alone in this universe, | 如果我们在这个宇宙中独自一人 |
| 1300 | it's a gazillion miles away from anything interesting | 离任何有趣的东西都很远 |
| 1301 | in the cosmic spectrum of things. | 在宇宙的光谱中 |
| 1302 | What is the meaning of all of this, Dad? | 这一切的意义是什么,爸爸? |
| 1303 | Yeah, well, they do ask. | 是啊,他们确实问。 |
| 1304 | Oh, they do. | 哦,他们做的。 |
| 1305 | Unfortunately or fortunately, | 很不幸或幸运 |
| 1306 | because I spend a lot of time thinking about this stuff | 因为我花了很多时间想这些东西 |
| 1307 | and writing about it, | 并记录它, |
| 1308 | it's sort of in the familial zeitgeist at home, if you will. | 如果你愿意的话,这是在家里的家教。 |
| 1309 | But my answer generally is, | 但我的回答是, |
| 1310 | I don't think that hovering out there in the depths of space, | 我不认为那徘徊 在太空深处, |
| 1311 | there is the answer. | 这就是答案。 |
| 1312 | I think this urge to look out | 我觉得这很吸引人 |
| 1313 | and have the answer brought to us, | 并昭示我们的答覆, |
| 1314 | I think that needs to be inverted. | 我认为这需要颠倒。 |
| 1315 | I think that we need to come to the universe | 我认为我们需要来到宇宙 |
| 1316 | with our answer to that. | 以我们的答案。 |
| 1317 | And I think the charge of every sentient living being | 我认为每个有灵敏感的生物 |
| 1318 | is to come to their own rationale for their life, | 即是他们生命的道理, |
| 1319 | their own answer to your question, | 他们自己回答你的问题, |
| 1320 | their own set of activities and desires and achievements | 他们自己的活动、愿望和成就 |
| 1321 | and relationships that gives their life meaning | 和赋予生命意义的关系 |
| 1322 | and combine to make me feel connected. | 结合起来让我觉得自己有联系 |
| 1323 | One of the things that does make me feel connected | 有一件事让我觉得彼此有联系 |
| 1324 | is just knowing that the particles that I'm made out of | 只是知道我的微粒是由 |
| 1325 | existed at the Big Bang. | 存在于大爆炸中。 |
| 1326 | Yes, exactly. | 没错 |
| 1327 | Isn't that wondrous? | 这难道不奇怪吗? |
| 1328 | You are the universe constructed in a way | 你是以某种方式构建的宇宙 |
| 1329 | that you can reflect on the universe. | 你可以反思宇宙。 |
| 1330 | Now, some would say, no, no, no, | 现在,有些人会说,不,不,不, |
| 1331 | we're special, we're like these divine offspring | 我们很特别,就像这些神圣的后代 |
| 1332 | made in the image of God. | 以上帝的形象制作的。 |
| 1333 | And sure, I mean, I like the way that that sounds, | 当然,我的意思是,我喜欢这样的声音, |
| 1334 | but I find it much more satisfying | 但我觉得更满意 |
| 1335 | to describe it the way you did. | 描述它的方式。 |
| 1336 | There were particles that emerged from the Big Bang | 在大爆炸中出现了粒子 |
| 1337 | that coalesced into a form that allowed us to momentarily, | 组合成一种形式 使我们能够瞬间, |
| 1338 | because we're here for a brief flicker of cosmic time, | 因为我们在这里 短暂的闪烁宇宙时间, |
| 1339 | to momentarily reflect on our own existence. | 思考一下我们自己的存在 |
| 1340 | That's a connection. | 那是个连接 |
| 1341 | One of the things that actually helped me a lot | 真正帮助我很多的事情之一 |
| 1342 | through my life, funnily enough, | 在我的生活中, 有趣的是, |
| 1343 | is kind of watching what you just showed on the screen there, | 看着你刚才在屏幕上展示的东西 |
| 1344 | which was, I watched a video when I was younger | 我年轻时看了一段视频 |
| 1345 | of them just zooming out from Earth, | 他们从地球放大, |
| 1346 | and we talked about feeling insignificant earlier. | 我们刚才谈到感觉微不足道 |
| 1347 | I mean, there's some of them here, | 我的意思是,有一些他们在这里, |
| 1348 | I'll just pick one at random, like this one here. | 我随便选一个 就像这里的这个 |
| 1349 | Well, it's just a lady sat on some grass | 只是有位女士坐在草丛上 |
| 1350 | and she zooms out further and further and further. | 她不断放大 |
| 1351 | And when I saw this, I must have been, hmm, | 当我看到这个,我一定是,嗯, |
| 1352 | it was a video like this one. | 像这样的视频 |
| 1353 | I must have been about 14 years old. | 我大概14岁了 |
| 1354 | And at first, I had the thought that a lot of people | 一开始我想到很多人 |
| 1355 | might have, which was, oh, like, none of this matters, | 也许,这是,哦,喜欢, 这不重要, |
| 1356 | because we're so insignificant on the grand scheme of things | 因为我们在大计划上如此微不足道 |
| 1357 | that, like, what's the point? | 那又怎样? |
| 1358 | And then I had this other thought, | 后来我又想了个主意 |
| 1359 | which has stayed with me ever since, | 从那时起就一直和我在一起 |
| 1360 | which is, it liberated me from worry. | 也就是说,它让我摆脱了烦恼。 |
| 1361 | Yeah. | 对 |
| 1362 | Because if all of my worries are just a speck | 因为如果我的烦恼都是小事 |
| 1363 | in this bigger thing, which are a speck in a bigger thing | 在这个更大的事物, 这是一个小点 在一个更大的事物 |
| 1364 | and a speck in a bigger thing, | 和更大的事物的斑点, |
| 1365 | it meant that I could take more risks in my life. | 这意味着我可以承担更多的风险 在我的生活。 |
| 1366 | Yeah. | 对 |
| 1367 | And not be encumbered by what will happen if | 也不要被如果发生的事情所束缚 |
| 1368 | and what will people think and et cetera, et cetera, et cetera, | 以及人们所想的和所想的, |
| 1369 | which kind of liberates one to go and pursue | 什么样的 解放一个人去追求 |
| 1370 | whatever they want to pursue. | 无论他们想追求什么 |
| 1371 | Yeah. | 对 |
| 1372 | Carl Sagan with the pale blue dot, you know, | 卡尔・萨根 苍白的蓝点,你知道, |
| 1373 | if you're familiar with that terminology, | 如果你熟悉这个术语 |
| 1374 | he had the Viking spacecraft | 他拥有维京飞船 |
| 1375 | when it was going by Saturn, | 当它行经土星的时候, |
| 1376 | you know, if you're familiar with that terminology, | 你知道,如果你熟悉 术语, |
| 1377 | turn around and take a shot of planet Earth | 转过身来拍地球的一张照片 |
| 1378 | through the gossamer rings of Saturn. | 穿过土星的猎物圈 |
| 1379 | And in that photo, the Earth is this little, | 在那张照片里 地球就是这么小 |
| 1380 | tiny pale blue speck, sort of as we saw in the film | 微小的浅蓝色斑点, 有点像我们在电影中看到的 |
| 1381 | as it went by there. | 当它经过那里。 |
| 1382 | And he, in this wonderfully poetic passage, | 他,在这个美妙的诗篇, |
| 1383 | described how everything we care about, | 描述我们关心的一切, |
| 1384 | everything we love, everything we fight, | 我们所爱的一切,我们战斗的一切, |
| 1385 | the rivers of blood that have been spilled | 流淌的血流成河 |
| 1386 | to conquer a tiny little fraction of a pixel in space. | 在太空中征服一个像素的一小部分。 |
| 1387 | That gives you a setting where the concerns | 这给你一个环境 关心 |
| 1388 | that you're mentioning of an individual human life, | 你提到一个人的生命, |
| 1389 | of countries, of nations, | 国家、民族、 |
| 1390 | you realize how utterly small it is | 你知道它有多小吗? |
| 1391 | in the cosmological setting. | 在宇宙环境。 |
| 1392 | And again, that to me isn't insignificance, | 再说一遍,对我来说,这不是无谓的, |
| 1393 | as you were saying, it's liberation. | 正如你说的,这是解放。 |
| 1394 | We have this spectrum of, I guess, confidence | и稱иΤ硂ㄇ獺 |
| 1395 | in front of us here. | 在这里我们面前。 |
| 1396 | And on one end of it, it says low confidence. | 而在其中的一端,它表示信心低落. |
| 1397 | On this end, it has high confidence. | 为此,它具有很高的信心。 |
| 1398 | And there's five little figurine type things | 还有五个小佛果类型的东西 |
| 1399 | there next to you. | 在你旁边 |
| 1400 | And what I would like you to do is to place them | 我想让你做的就是把它们放在 |
| 1401 | in line with your confidence that the thing is real. | 与你的信心一致 事情是真的。 |
| 1402 | So the first one I'm gonna ask you to place | 所以我要问你的第一个位置 |
| 1403 | is those mini scales, which represent free will. | 是那些代表自由意志的小型天平。 |
| 1404 | This guy here, free will? | 这家伙在这里,自由意志? |
| 1405 | Yes, that's free will. | 是的,这是自由意志。 |
| 1406 | Do you think humans have free will? | 你认为人类有自由意志吗? |
| 1407 | Are you low confidence or high confidence? | 你是低信心还是高信心? |
| 1408 | Papa, show that further towards you so you can. | 爸爸,再向着你看,这样你就可以了 |
| 1409 | Well, I do not think we have free will. | 我觉得我们没有自由意志 |
| 1410 | And I have high confidence in that assessment, | 我对这个评价很有信心 |
| 1411 | which I guess means low confidence that we have free will. | 我想这意味着我们没有自由意志 |
| 1412 | What is free will? | 什么是自由意志? |
| 1413 | To me, free will is really just the everyday sense | 对我来说,自由意志其实只是日常的感觉 |
| 1414 | that you are the ultimate author of your actions, | 你是你行为的最终作者, |
| 1415 | that the buck stops with you when it comes to the decisions | 赌注在你决定的时候停止 |
| 1416 | that you make for how you are going to respond one way | 以你的方式应对 |
| 1417 | or another in the moment to moment existence of life. | 或者在生命存在的时刻 |
| 1418 | I don't think that freedom of the will is real. | 我不认为意志的自由是真实的. |
| 1419 | And I can give you a quick sense why. | 我可以告诉你为什么 |
| 1420 | It really is an extension of everything | 这真的是一切的延伸 |
| 1421 | that we've already spoken about, | 我们已经说过了, |
| 1422 | which is when I look at you, I see a man, | 当我看着你, 我看到一个男人, |
| 1423 | but I also imagine that I'm looking inside you | 但我也想象我在看着你 |
| 1424 | and I see your particles. | 我看到你的颗粒。 |
| 1425 | And so you are a man-shaped collection of particles. | 所以,你是一个人形的粒子集合。 |
| 1426 | That is what you are. | 这就是你。 |
| 1427 | And each of those particles and the agglomeration | 每一个粒子和凝聚 |
| 1428 | of those particles are fully governed | 完全控制了这些粒子 |
| 1429 | by the laws of physics. | 根据物理定律。 |
| 1430 | I don't say that we have those laws yet. | 我不是说我们还有那些法律 |
| 1431 | We have an approximation to them with Schrodinger | 我们和施罗德辛格有近似之处 |
| 1432 | and Einstein and all those folks, | 爱因斯坦和那些人 |
| 1433 | but I do believe that there is an ultimate set | 但我相信有终极的设定 |
| 1434 | of principles that guide how your particles behave. | 指导粒子行为原理。 |
| 1435 | You do not have the capacity to intercede | 你没有能力说话 |
| 1436 | in the lawful progression of your particles. | 在粒子的合法进化中。 |
| 1437 | So if you raise your hand, it is not you who's doing that. | 所以,如果你举起手,不是你在这样做。 |
| 1438 | It is the laws of physics guiding the particles | 是物理定律引导粒子 |
| 1439 | in your brain, sending an electrical signal down your arm, | 在你的大脑, 发送一个电 信号从你的手臂, |
| 1440 | causing your muscle to contract or expand, | 让你的肌肉萎缩或扩张, |
| 1441 | resulting in your hand going up. | 导致你的手上升。 |
| 1442 | You don't control the laws that govern those particles. | 你无法控制那些粒子的规律 |
| 1443 | I didn't make the decision. | 不是我决定的 |
| 1444 | You did not. | 你没有。 |
| 1445 | You felt that you did. | 你觉得你做到了。 |
| 1446 | And so the feeling that you and I and everyone else have | 所以,你我和每个人的感觉 |
| 1447 | that we make decisions and those decisions result | 我们的决定和结果 |
| 1448 | in our action, it's a powerful, | 在我们的行动中,这是一个强大的, |
| 1449 | it's a seductive sensibility. | 这是诱人的感官 |
| 1450 | But no, I do not think that you are the place | 但是,不,我不认为你是地方 |
| 1451 | where that choice, if you will, occurred. | 如果你愿意的话,选择在哪里发生。 |
| 1452 | The choice is actually within the lawful unfolding | 选择其实是合法进行的 |
| 1453 | of the particles. | 的微粒。 |
| 1454 | And I can't control that particle motion. | 我不能控制粒子运动。 |
| 1455 | Therefore, I can't control the decision. | 因此,我不能控制这个决定。 |
| 1456 | Therefore, I don't control the motion of my arm. | 因此,我控制不了手臂的运动。 |
| 1457 | Therefore, I don't control my life? | 因此,我不控制我的生活吗? |
| 1458 | You don't in some sense. | 你从某种意义上讲不是 |
| 1459 | If you buy into it fully, it can be paralyzing | 如果你完全买进去,它就会瘫痪 |
| 1460 | or you can recognize it, which I do. | 或者你可以认出它,我这样做。 |
| 1461 | And I say, okay, within that structure, | 我说,好吧,在这个结构里, |
| 1462 | I'm gonna live my life as fully as I can. | 我会尽我所能地过活 |
| 1463 | And I am able, not always, because I'm a human being, | 因为我是人类,所以我无法... |
| 1464 | but in the best of moments, I can pull back | 但是,在最好的时刻,我可以拉回 |
| 1465 | and have a certain objectivity about the things | 并谨守真理, |
| 1466 | that happen in my life. | 发生在我的生活。 |
| 1467 | And I observe them at a remove, as opposed | 我看着他们离开,反对 |
| 1468 | to being completely wrapped up in the moment to moment. | 在瞬间被彻底包裹起来 |
| 1469 | Now, that doesn't make me an aloof person. | 现在,这不代表我是一个冷漠的人。 |
| 1470 | It doesn't make me somebody who somehow is detached. | 它不让我 某人谁不知何故 离散。 |
| 1471 | No, it's just, I can analyze the world at multiple levels. | 不,只是,我可以从多个层面分析世界。 |
| 1472 | So who is and what is guiding those particles | 那么,谁是和是什么 引导这些粒子 |
| 1473 | to make the decisions that those particles are making? | 做出这些粒子正在作出的决定? |
| 1474 | The best I can say, and I think the best that we can say | 最好的话,我想我们可以说 |
| 1475 | right now is that there is some body of law. | 现在,是有一些法律。 |
| 1476 | Now, what does that mean, a body of law? | 这是什么意思? 一套法律? |
| 1477 | There is some patterns that repeat in the world. | 世界上有一些模式重复。 |
| 1478 | Now, you drop an apple and it falls | 现在,你放下一个苹果,它就掉下来了 |
| 1479 | on Newton's head repeatedly. | 在牛顿的头上反复出现. |
| 1480 | You can rely upon certain kinds of particle motion | 你可以依靠某种粒子运动 |
| 1481 | because there's certain regularities in the world. | 因为世界上有些规律 |
| 1482 | And the regularities in the world are what I mean | 世界上的规律就是我的意思 |
| 1483 | by the laws of physics. | 根据物理定律。 |
| 1484 | They may be articulated mathematically. | 它们可以用数学来表述。 |
| 1485 | Our best guess is, as of today, that math | 我们最好的猜测是,从今天起,数学 |
| 1486 | is the best language we have for describing those laws. | 这是我们描述这些法律的最佳语言。 |
| 1487 | But out there, I think there are some fundamental patterns | 但外面,我觉得有些基本规律 |
| 1488 | and those patterns ultimately are what determine | 这些模式最终决定了 |
| 1489 | how the particles move. | 粒子如何移动。 |
| 1490 | And so that's all that we are. | 这就是我们的全部。 |
| 1491 | We are a body of particles that move | 我们是一个粒子体 移动 |
| 1492 | and that's responsible for why things do what they do. | 而这就是为什么事情做他们做的。 |
| 1493 | And remarkably, our brains allow us to self-reflect, | 值得注意的是,我们的大脑 允许我们自我反思, |
| 1494 | to look at what we do and analyze it. | 看看我们做什么 分析一下 |
| 1495 | And when we do that, we tend to ascribe authorship | 当我们这样做,我们倾向于写作 |
| 1496 | to ourselves, but that's a story that we tell ourselves. | 但这是我们自己讲述的故事 |
| 1497 | It makes us feel good. | 这让我们感觉很好。 |
| 1498 | It makes us feel part of the unfolding. | 它让我们感觉到 正在发展的一部分。 |
| 1499 | It perhaps has an evolutionary utility | 也许有进化作用 |
| 1500 | that if you feel responsible for what you're doing, | 如果你觉得对自己的行为负责 |
| 1501 | maybe it helps you to survive. | 也许这能帮助你活下去 |
| 1502 | Maybe that's why this way of thinking was inculcated | 也许这就是为什么这种思维方式被灌输 |
| 1503 | over the course of generation upon generation. | 世代相传 |
| 1504 | Maybe there's an evolutionary explanation, | 也许有一个进化解释, |
| 1505 | but fundamentally speaking, I don't think it's real. | 但从根本上讲,我不认为它是真实的。 |
| 1506 | I was gonna say then, well, maybe the particles | 我本来想说,也许粒子 |
| 1507 | are trying to survive in this form. | 试图以这种形式生存。 |
| 1508 | But even as I thought about that, I thought, | 但是,即使我想到这一点,我想, |
| 1509 | so maybe my particles are making the decisions they make | 所以也许我的微粒 正在做决定 他们做 |
| 1510 | to raise my hand, to go on a holiday with my fiance, | 举起我的手 和我未婚夫去度假 |
| 1511 | to have kids because they want to survive in this form. | 生孩子是因为他们想活下来 |
| 1512 | But actually, I disappear at some point, | 但实际上,我消失在某个时候, |
| 1513 | but my particles don't. | 但我的粒子没有。 |
| 1514 | They then become dirt or someone else or whatever, | 然后,他们变成污垢或他人, |
| 1515 | or a child. | 或一个孩子。 |
| 1516 | It doesn't seem that they care much about | 他们似乎不太关心 |
| 1517 | necessarily being in this form. | 一定是这种形式。 |
| 1518 | They don't, I don't think they do. | 他们没有,我不认为他们有。 |
| 1519 | So I don't think they care. | 所以我不认为他们在乎。 |
| 1520 | I don't even think the word care is applicable to them. | 我甚至不认为 关心这个词对他们适用。 |
| 1521 | The notion of caring is a high level construct | 关爱的概念是一个高层次的构思 |
| 1522 | that only emerges when the particles are configured | 当粒子被配置时才会出现 |
| 1523 | sufficiently to yield a complex information processing | 足以产生复杂的信息处理 |
| 1524 | system called the human brain. | 系统称为人类大脑。 |
| 1525 | And consciousness. | 及意识. |
| 1526 | Now, if you ask me where consciousness comes from, | 如果你问我意识来自哪里 |
| 1527 | I don't know, sort of as you discussed before, | 我不知道,有点像你以前说过的 |
| 1528 | I think it's just physical processes. | 我认为这只是物理过程。 |
| 1529 | Let's go with that. | 让我们去。 |
| 1530 | Assuming that's the case, this conscious self-awareness | 假设是这样,这种自觉意识 |
| 1531 | invents the idea of caring because it's a useful concept | 发明了关心的想法 因为它是一个有用的概念 |
| 1532 | for us to organize our lives and our experiences. | 组织我们的生活和经历。 |
| 1533 | This conscious self-awareness invents all the other words, | 这种自觉意识 发明了所有其他的字眼, |
| 1534 | happy, sad, meaning, purpose, morality, activity, action, | 快乐,悲伤,意义,目的,道德,活动,行动, |
| 1535 | choice, decision, freedom, will, all human made. | 选择,决定,自由,意志,所有的人做的。 |
| 1536 | These concepts don't exist out there in the universe. | 这些概念在宇宙中并不存在. |
| 1537 | There's no notion of freedom of the will floating in space | 在太空里没有自由意志的概念 |
| 1538 | outside the Andromeda galaxy. | 在安朵美达星系外 |
| 1539 | This is a selection of ideas that we humans as a species | 这是我们人类作为物种的一些想法 |
| 1540 | have found to give us utilitarian advantage | 我们发现功利主义优势 |
| 1541 | in organizing our experiences. | 在组织我们的经验。 |
| 1542 | That's all that it is. | 仅此而已. |
| 1543 | That doesn't diminish it. | 这并不减少它。 |
| 1544 | I don't go around trying to erase my sense of self. | 我不到处想抹去自我意识 |
| 1545 | I accept my sense of self, | 我接受我的自我感觉, |
| 1546 | but I also see it for what it is, a human construct. | 但我也看到了它是什么, 一个人类建筑。 |
| 1547 | Does that mean that consciousness and everything that I am | 这是否意味着 意识和一切我 |
| 1548 | could theoretically just be, as you said earlier | 理论上可能只是,就像你刚才说的 |
| 1549 | in the sort of pessimistic version of events, random, | 在那种悲观的版本 事件,随机, |
| 1550 | totally random, like consciousness itself was just, | 完全随机的, 就像意识本身只是, |
| 1551 | the particles came together over a long enough period | 粒子聚集的时间足够长 |
| 1552 | of time and then they found this form and now I can. | 时间,然后他们找到了这个形式 现在我可以。 |
| 1553 | It could, and maybe it was random and happened only once | 它可以,也许它是随机的,只发生过一次 |
| 1554 | on this planet, right? | 在这个星球上,对不对? |
| 1555 | I mean, again, maybe there is life out there | 我的意思是,再次, 也许有生命在那里 |
| 1556 | and maybe there's even complex life out there, | 也许还有复杂的生活在那里, |
| 1557 | maybe even like as big as us or bigger, | 也许甚至像我们这么大或者更大, |
| 1558 | but maybe when we encounter those life forms, | 但也许当我们遇到这些生命形式时, |
| 1559 | they have no idea of what it means to have an inner world. | 他们不知道内在世界的意义 |
| 1560 | I think it was a physicist said to me that | 我想是物理学家对我说 |
| 1561 | it was a bit of a spiritual, esoteric idea, | 这是一个有点精神的, 深奥的想法, |
| 1562 | but they basically said to me | 但是他们基本上对我说 |
| 1563 | that they think consciousness could be, | 他们认为意识可能是, |
| 1564 | it could come from this sort of original source | 它可能来自这种原始来源 |
| 1565 | and it's divided itself up into the humans, | 它被分割成人类 |
| 1566 | the bees, the birds to go out there | 蜜蜂们,鸟儿们到那里去 |
| 1567 | and understand the nature of the universe. | 了解宇宙的本质 |
| 1568 | And then when we die, we kind of return to the source, | 然后当我们死了, 我们有点回到源, |
| 1569 | but I'll give birth to a baby, | 但我会生一个孩子, |
| 1570 | they'll go off into different corners of the earth | 它们会飞到地球的不同角落 |
| 1571 | and look at different things and have different experiences | 看不同的事物 和不同的经历 |
| 1572 | and it's all feeding back into the central consciousness, | 这一切都反馈回中心意识, |
| 1573 | which is sole objective is to understand itself. | 唯一的目标是了解自己。 |
| 1574 | And it's funny because I heard this idea from this physicist | 这很有趣,因为我听到这个想法 从物理学家 |
| 1575 | and then I was in a, somewhere in Europe | 然后我去了欧洲某处 |
| 1576 | and I was driving down the road | 我在路上开车 |
| 1577 | and I saw all of these tourists | 我看见所有的游客 |
| 1578 | just like looking up at a mountain | 就像仰望着一座山 |
| 1579 | and they're just like looking out at the sea | 他们就像看着大海 |
| 1580 | and they were looking at things that were interesting, | 他们看着一些有趣的东西, |
| 1581 | which is what we do as humans. | 这就是我们作为人类所做的 |
| 1582 | And I thought, kind of makes sense | 我想,有点合理 |
| 1583 | that we're actually just like consciousnesses. | 我们就像意识一样 |
| 1584 | There's a philosophical position called idealism | 有一个哲学立场叫理想主义 |
| 1585 | and idealism holds that the fundamental truth of reality | 和理想主义认为,现实的根本真理 |
| 1586 | is consciousness, but fundamentally, | 是意识,但从根本上, |
| 1587 | everything that I've seen throughout my life, | 我一生所见的一切 |
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