如果爱因斯坦错了｜弦理论家加来道雄
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | Many physicists had a heart attack when we got news from Geneva, Switzerland that Einstein | 许多物理学家心脏病发作 当我们从瑞士日内瓦得知爱因斯坦 |
| 0:06 | might be wrong. | 可能错了 |
| 0:09 | All hell broke loose in the physics community. | 所有地狱在物理学界松散。 |
| 0:12 | Every physicist I know was taking a position on this hot topic because relativity is the | 我认识的每个物理学家 都站在这个热门话题上 因为相对论是 |
| 0:18 | foundation of modern physics along with the quantum theory. | 现代物理学的基础与量子理论。 |
| 0:23 | Now what they found was if you take a beam of neutrinos from the atom smasher in Geneva, | 现在他们发现了 如果你从日内瓦的原子碎裂器上取出一束中微子 |
| 0:28 | Switzerland, shoot the beam through the mountains from Switzerland to Italy over a distance | 瑞士,从瑞士到意大利的山上射梁 |
| 0:33 | of 454 miles, the neutrinos outraced a light beam by a distance of 60 feet, 60 feet over | 454英里,中微子超过60英尺的光束 |
| 0:43 | a distance of 454 miles. | 454英里长 |
| 0:46 | Well that doesn't sound like much, but to a physicist this is a disaster. | 但对于物理学家来说 这是个灾难 |
展开字幕全文（65 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many physicists had a heart attack when we got news from Geneva, Switzerland that Einstein | 许多物理学家心脏病发作 当我们从瑞士日内瓦得知爱因斯坦 |
| 2 | might be wrong. | 可能错了 |
| 3 | All hell broke loose in the physics community. | 所有地狱在物理学界松散。 |
| 4 | Every physicist I know was taking a position on this hot topic because relativity is the | 我认识的每个物理学家 都站在这个热门话题上 因为相对论是 |
| 5 | foundation of modern physics along with the quantum theory. | 现代物理学的基础与量子理论。 |
| 6 | Now what they found was if you take a beam of neutrinos from the atom smasher in Geneva, | 现在他们发现了 如果你从日内瓦的原子碎裂器上取出一束中微子 |
| 7 | Switzerland, shoot the beam through the mountains from Switzerland to Italy over a distance | 瑞士,从瑞士到意大利的山上射梁 |
| 8 | of 454 miles, the neutrinos outraced a light beam by a distance of 60 feet, 60 feet over | 454英里,中微子超过60英尺的光束 |
| 9 | a distance of 454 miles. | 454英里长 |
| 10 | Well that doesn't sound like much, but to a physicist this is a disaster. | 但对于物理学家来说 这是个灾难 |
| 11 | It means that the foundations of modern physics have to be called into question. | 这意味着现代物理学的基础必须受到质疑. |
| 12 | First, it means that time travel could become commonplace because as you approach the speed | 首先,这意味着时间旅行可能变得很常见 因为当你接近速度 |
| 13 | of light, time slows down. | 光线,时间的慢下来。 |
| 14 | If you exceed the speed of light, time goes backwards. | 如果超过光速,时间就会倒转. |
| 15 | Remember that scene in Superman 1 when Lois Lane dies and Superman goes into outer space | 记得超人一号的场景 露意丝·莱恩死了 超人进了外太空 |
| 16 | and goes around the planet, Earth in the opposite direction. | 环绕地球,地球在相反的方向 |
| 17 | The Earth stops and then rotates in the opposite direction and then all of a sudden Lois Lane | 地球停下来然后向相反方向旋转 然后突然露意丝·莱恩 |
| 18 | springs back to life. | 泉源归生. |
| 19 | Well that kind of scenario might be possible if the speed of light is not so special that | 如果光速没有那么特别的话 那样的情况就有可能发生 |
| 20 | particles can exceed the speed of light. | 粒子可以超过光速. |
| 21 | Not to mention that we'll have to recalibrate everything. | 何况得重修一切. |
| 22 | The age of the universe, the age of stars, the distance to the stars, the basic structure | 宇宙时代 恒星时代 与恒星的距离 基本结构 |
| 23 | of modern electronics has to be changed, the GPS, nuclear weapons, all of that would have | 必须改变现代电子设备、全球定位系统、核武器,所有这一切 |
| 24 | to be recalibrated and rethought through if Einstein's theory of relativity is wrong. | 如果爱因斯坦对相对论的理论是错误的, 被重新校正和重新思考。 |
| 25 | So what's the solution to the problem? | 那么问题的解决办法是什么? |
| 26 | Well the solution to the problem is obviously they goofed. | 问题的解决办法显然是他们傻了 |
| 27 | They made a mistake. | 他们犯了一个错误。 |
| 28 | I remember when I was a grad student years and years ago at Harvard. | 我记得我几年前在哈佛大学毕业的时候 |
| 29 | My advisor at Harvard was Professor Pound and he had the famous Pound-Rebka experiment | 我在哈佛的顾问是Pound教授 他做了著名的Pound -Rebka实验 |
| 30 | where they shot a light beam from the top of Jefferson Hall to the bottom of Jefferson | 他们从杰斐逊大厅的顶部 射出一道光束 一直射到杰斐逊的底部 |
| 31 | Hall. | 霍尔 |
| 32 | Now there was a rival group, a rival group that also did the same experiment and they | 现在有一个对手集团 一个对手集团 也做了同样的实验 |
| 33 | had to calculate the speed of light in the process. | 必须计算光速 在这个过程中。 |
| 34 | They found that the speed of light actually rose in the morning, peaked at noontime, then | 他们发现光的速度实际上在早晨上升, 在中午达到顶峰,然后 |
| 35 | the speed of light began to slow down at dinnertime and reached a minimum at midnight. | 光速在晚餐时间开始减速,在午夜达到最低. |
| 36 | Wow, this was shocking. | 哇,这太令人震惊了。 |
| 37 | The speed of light which governs the universe all of a sudden is wedded to lunchtime and | 支配宇宙的光速 突然间就变成了午餐时间 |
| 38 | dinnertime. | 晚餐时间。 |
| 39 | So what's the problem? | 有什么问题吗? |
| 40 | The problem was that this counter experiment, this rival experiment was done outdoors and | 问题是,这个柜台实验, 这个竞争对手实验是室外的, |
| 41 | the sensors were temperature dependent and of course it's warmer at lunchtime and colder | 感应器是取决于温度的 当然在午餐时间更温暖 更冷 |
| 42 | at midnight while Professor Pound's experiment was done indoors and therefore didn't have | 在午夜时分 庞德教授的实验是在室内进行的 因此没有 |
| 43 | that kind of variation. | 那种变化。 |
| 44 | The lesson here is systematic errors creep into very delicate calculations. | 这里的教训是系统的错误 慢慢地演变成非常微妙的计算 |
| 45 | Some people think they found the source of the error. | 有些人认为他们发现了错误的来源. |
| 46 | How do we know that from Switzerland to Italy the distance is 454 miles? | 我们怎么知道从瑞士到意大利的距离是454英里? |
| 47 | Well, you use GPS, right, obvious, but GPS is a relativistic system. | 嗯,你使用GPS,对,很明显, 但GPS是一个相对论的系统。 |
| 48 | It uses relativity and some physicists have claimed that they miscalibrated the distance | 它使用相对论 和一些物理学家声称 他们错校了距离 |
| 49 | from the sensors to the satellite and satellite back down to Italy, a triangle, that one of | 从传感器到卫星 卫星回到意大利 一个三角形 |
| 50 | the legs of the triangle was miscalibrated in the process of doing this experiment. | 三角形的腿部在进行这个实验的过程中被曲解. |
| 51 | Now there's another counter example. | 现在还有一个反例. |
| 52 | Back in 1987 light from a gigantic supernova in the Magellanic Clouds hit the planet Earth | 1987年麦哲伦云层巨型超新星的光线 撞击了地球 |
| 53 | and simultaneously with that neutrinos were detected in gigantic neutrino detectors in | 同时在巨大的中微子探测器中检测到中微子 |
| 54 | Japan. | 日本国. |
| 55 | ┮иΤㄢ wh | |
| 56 | Light from a supernova right near the Milky Way Galaxy hitting the Earth at the same time | 银河系附近超新星发出的光 同时撞击地球 |
| 57 | as neutrinos from a galaxy tens of thousands of light years from the Earth. | 作为一颗银河系的中微子 距离地球数万光年 |
| 58 | So here's the rub. | 所以这是擦伤。 |
| 59 | Why should we believe this is a CERN experiment over a distance of 454 miles when over a distance | 我们为什么要相信 这是一个CERN的实验 在454英里的距离,当超过一个距离 |
| 60 | of tens of thousands of light years neutrinos and light beams hit the Earth at the same | 数万光年的中微子和光束击中地球 |
| 61 | time? | 时间? |
| 62 | That's why many physicists believe that they must have made a systematic error someplace | 所以许多物理学家认为 他们一定在某个地方犯了系统性错误 |
| 63 | and the weak link, the weak link in this whole chain of reasoning is the GPS system and the | 整个推理链中的薄弱环节是GPS系统和 |
| 64 | GPS system itself is a relativistic system. | GPS系统本身是一个相对论的系统. |
| 65 | So in some sense they're using relativity to defeat relativity and I think there's something | 所以从某种意义上说,他们利用相对论来打败相对论 我认为有些东西 |
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