时间不流动，没有因果，我们从未出生也不会死去｜挑战弦理论家加
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | So Tim, Einstein believes that the baby Timothy is still there in the four-dimensional space-time. | 因此蒂姆,爱因斯坦认为,婴儿蒂莫西还在四维时空中. |
| 0:12 | That the older Timothys are all there. | 年长的蒂莫西都在那里 |
| 0:14 | We are all frozen pictures a long time. | 我们都是冷冻的照片 很长时间。 |
| 0:17 | I don't believe this and you can't deny that there is a huge discrepancy and a huge controversy. | 我不相信,你不能否认 存在着巨大的差异和巨大的争议。 |
| 0:29 | There is the public human perception of time and that's where we get into all these paradoxes | 人类对时间的认知是公之于众的 这就是我们陷入所有这些矛盾之处 |
| 0:36 | because of the fact that we humans have our own personal perception of time which does not | 因为事实上我们人类 对时间有我们个人的认知 |
| 0:42 | necessarily jive with the physicist's interpretation of time. | 必然与物理学家对时间的解释相交融. |
| 0:46 | Well what's confusing is that the | 让人困惑的是 |
| 0:48 | evolution of time itself is confusing. | 时间本身的演变令人困惑。 |
| 0:52 | It starts with Isaac Newton who said that time is like an | 从艾萨克·牛顿开始说 时间就像一个 |
展开字幕全文（214 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | So Tim, Einstein believes that the baby Timothy is still there in the four-dimensional space-time. | 因此蒂姆,爱因斯坦认为,婴儿蒂莫西还在四维时空中. |
| 2 | That the older Timothys are all there. | 年长的蒂莫西都在那里 |
| 3 | We are all frozen pictures a long time. | 我们都是冷冻的照片 很长时间。 |
| 4 | I don't believe this and you can't deny that there is a huge discrepancy and a huge controversy. | 我不相信,你不能否认 存在着巨大的差异和巨大的争议。 |
| 5 | There is the public human perception of time and that's where we get into all these paradoxes | 人类对时间的认知是公之于众的 这就是我们陷入所有这些矛盾之处 |
| 6 | because of the fact that we humans have our own personal perception of time which does not | 因为事实上我们人类 对时间有我们个人的认知 |
| 7 | necessarily jive with the physicist's interpretation of time. | 必然与物理学家对时间的解释相交融. |
| 8 | Well what's confusing is that the | 让人困惑的是 |
| 9 | evolution of time itself is confusing. | 时间本身的演变令人困惑。 |
| 10 | It starts with Isaac Newton who said that time is like an | 从艾萨克·牛顿开始说 时间就像一个 |
| 11 | so one second on the earth is one second and Jupiter. | 所以地球上的一秒钟就是一秒钟和木星 |
| 12 | Einstein gives us a river of time that | 爱因斯坦给了我们一段时间 |
| 13 | speeds up and slows down and perhaps even has whirlpools which would correspond to perhaps | 加快速度,减速 甚至可能还有螺旋池,这也许与 |
| 14 | black holes. | 黑洞 黑洞 黑洞 黑洞 黑洞 |
| 15 | Comes the quantum theory and the quantum theory is that the river of time can fork | 量子理论和量子理论认为 时河可以叉 |
| 16 | fork into many smaller rivers and now we have something called string theory which is what I | 叉入许多较小的河流 现在,我们有 叫做弦理论,这就是我 |
| 17 | for a living and in string theory it explains not just time but all the subatomic particles. | 它不仅解释了时间,还解释了所有亚原子粒子 |
| 18 | There's nothing but musical notes on a tiny vibrating string and so time now we realize | 微小的震动弦上除了音乐音符什么也没有 所以时间到了 |
| 19 | is in some sense an illusion. | 从某种意义上说,这是一种幻觉。 |
| 20 | It's an approximation. | 即是近观. |
| 21 | It's an average. | 这是平均的。 |
| 22 | It's an average of all the | 这是平均所有 |
| 23 | quantum possibilities so when you look at yourself in a mirror you're not really seeing yourself as | 量子的可能性,所以当你看着自己 在镜子中,你并没有真正看到自己 |
| 24 | you really are. | 你确实是。 |
| 25 | You're looking at a quantum average. | 你在观察量子平均值 |
| 26 | Average over all possible vibrations | 所有可能震动的平均值 |
| 27 | except now of course applied to the universe we now get a multiverse of universes. | 除了现在,当然适用于宇宙, 我们现在得到了一个多宇宙。 |
| 28 | A bubble bath | 一个泡泡浴 |
| 29 | of universes such that the collision of two universes gives you a big bang and that's why | 宇宙的碰撞 让你大爆炸 这就是为什么 |
| 30 | we're here today. | 我们今天在这里。 |
| 31 | So time in that sense is an illusion but if you look at the multiverse it | 所以从这个意义上讲,时间是一种幻觉,但如果你看多面体的话 |
| 32 | all fits together. | 都适应在一起。 |
| 33 | From listening to professor Kaku you may believe that a super string theory | 从听Kaku教授的话 你可能相信超弦理论 |
| 34 | is now established science that the multiverse exists. | 现在科学已经确立 多元性的存在。 |
| 35 | I don't think that there is a multiverse | 我不认为有 多元 |
| 36 | and I don't think that super string theory is going to be the real theory but Einstein had a | 我觉得超级弦理论不会成为真正的理论 但爱因斯坦有 |
| 37 | friend named Michele Besso who was a he helped him with a special and general theory of relativity | 朋友名叫米雪儿·贝索 他帮助他研究了相对论 |
| 38 | and he turned into philosophy and Einstein was very mad at him but then Besso told him what I'm | 他变成了哲学家 爱因斯坦对他非常生气 但后来贝索告诉他我是什么 |
| 39 | telling you. | 告诉你。 |
| 40 | There is something about time that relativity theory ignores. | 相对论忽略了时间问题 |
| 41 | Einstein told him you | 爱因斯坦告诉他你 |
| 42 | have to accept the fact that subjective time with its emphasis on the now is only an illusion. | 必须接受这样一个事实,即强调现在的主观时间只是一个幻想。 |
| 43 | Then a few years have passed. | 然后几年过去了。 |
| 44 | Sorry it looked like a few years have passed because I didn't believe | 对不起,这看起来像几年过去了 因为我不相信 |
| 45 | the time is passing and something happened that makes everybody realize the time is passing. | 时间正在流逝 发生了一些事情 让所有人都意识到时间正在流逝 |
| 46 | Michele Besso's son wrote to Einstein and said my father passed away. | 米凯莱·贝索的儿子写信给爱因斯坦,说我父亲去世了. |
| 47 | Einstein had only four weeks | 爱因斯坦只有四周时间 |
| 48 | to live. | 活下来 |
| 49 | He had an aneurysm and he knew that he was going to die. | 他有动脉瘤 他知道自己会死 |
| 50 | He wrote to the son the following | 他写信给儿子如下: |
| 51 | letter. | 来信。 |
| 52 | Michele has, you remember this letter, Michele has preceded me in living this strange | Michele有,你记得这封信, Michele在我面前 过着这个奇怪的生活 |
| 53 | world. | 这个世界 |
| 54 | This is not important. | 这不重要。 |
| 55 | For us convinced physicists the distinction between past present | 我们相信物理学家对过去现在的区别 |
| 56 | and future is only an illusion, however persistent. | 未来只是一种幻想,无论它多么持久。 |
| 57 | So Tim, yes Einstein believes | 蒂姆,爱因斯坦相信 |
| 58 | that the baby, Einstein believes that the baby, that the baby Timothy is still there in in the | 爱因斯坦相信宝宝 蒂莫西还在 |
| 59 | four-dimensional space time. | 四维空间时间. |
| 60 | That the older Timothys are all there. | 年长的蒂莫西都在那里 |
| 61 | We are all frozen pictures a long | 我们都是冷冻的照片 很久了 |
| 62 | time. | 时间。 |
| 63 | I don't believe this and you can't deny that there is a huge discrepancy and a huge controversy | 我不信,你不能否认 存在巨大的差异和巨大的争议 |
| 64 | just like it was between these two great men. | 就像这两个伟人之间一样 |
| 65 | I just I need to respond to everybody cites this | 我只是需要回答 每个人引用这一点 |
| 66 | letter that Einstein wrote. | 爱因斯坦写的信 |
| 67 | He wrote it three three months before he himself died. | 他在自己死前三个月写了这篇文章. |
| 68 | Four weeks. | 四个星期 |
| 69 | Okay even closer right at the end of his life. | 好吧,在他生命的尽头更接近。 |
| 70 | He wrote many popular expositions of relativity. | 他写了许多关于相对论的热门论述. |
| 71 | He wrote many scientific expositions of relativity. | 他写了许多相对论的科学论证. |
| 72 | He never said that. | 他从没这么说过 |
| 73 | He was writing not a scientific | 他写的不是科学 |
| 74 | thesis. | 论文. |
| 75 | He was writing a letter of condolence to someone who just lost someone and he said | 他写了一封悼念信给刚刚失去一个人的人 他说 |
| 76 | something very poetic. | 很有诗意的东西。 |
| 77 | Never say that to a morning person. | 永远不要对一个早上的人说。 |
| 78 | Can I please finish? | 我能说完吗? |
| 79 | He was not claiming | 他没有说 |
| 80 | that nothing in his scientific presentation or the use of general relativity suggests anything like | 在科学介绍中 和一般相对论的运用中 |
| 81 | that. | 那个 |
| 82 | He was being nice and he wrote it in a little private note that he wouldn't even expect | 他很友善,他写在 一个小私人字条,他甚至不会期望 |
| 83 | anyone else to read. | 其他人读。 |
| 84 | People it's a very poetic note and I thank Einstein for writing it but the | 人们,这是一个非常诗意的音符,我感谢爱因斯坦写它,但 |
| 85 | interpretation that this is a deep insight of physics he wasn't doing that. | 解释这是对物理学的深刻认识 他没有这样做。 |
| 86 | He was just trying | 他只是在尝试 |
| 87 | to be nice. | 做个好人 |
| 88 | When people say that time in some sense is an illusion I think we have to differentiate | 当人们说时间在某种意义上是一种幻觉的时候 我认为我们必须区分 |
| 89 | between human time. | 在人类时间之间 |
| 90 | Human time which of course is what we measure with our senses and absolute | 人类的时间,当然是我们用感官和绝对来衡量的 |
| 91 | time. | 时间。 |
| 92 | The time of the universe. | 宇宙时代. |
| 93 | The absolute time of the universe is quantum mechanical. | 宇宙的绝对时间是量子机械. |
| 94 | It exists | 它存在 |
| 95 | in a multiverse of universes and of course with relativity the whole question of now is of course | 在宇宙的多面体中,当然在相对论中,现在的整个问题当然是 |
| 96 | a relative concept. | 一个相对的概念。 |
| 97 | So we have to realize that we are humans talking about the question of now | 所以我们必须认识到,我们是人类 谈论现在的问题 |
| 98 | in a human term. | 在人类的术语。 |
| 99 | Well as a physicist we look at the absolute framework where now is a relative | 那么作为一个物理学家,我们看的绝对框架 现在是一个相对的 |
| 100 | concept and exists in a multiverse of universes. | 概念和存在于宇宙的多元中。 |
| 101 | So in other words what I'm trying to say is our | 所以换句话说,我想说的是我们 |
| 102 | senses are an average. | 感性为平均. |
| 103 | We average over the multiverse otherwise we couldn't survive. | 我们平均在多面体上 否则我们无法生存。 |
| 104 | We cannot survive in hyperspace if all of a sudden we're hit with all these four dimensional | 我们无法在超空间生存 如果我们突然被这四维的撞击 |
| 105 | tigers coming at us. | 老虎朝我们来了 |
| 106 | No we have to have an average and that's why we can exist. | 不,我们必须有一个平均, 这就是为什么我们可以存在。 |
| 107 | We can exist in a | 我们可以存在于一个 |
| 108 | four-dimensional quantum mechanical world of the multiverse because we average over all these | 四维量子机械世界的多面体 因为我们平均所有这些 |
| 109 | phenomena. | 现象。 |
| 110 | Otherwise we go berserk. | 否则我们就发狂了 |
| 111 | Can I just again and this actually started when | 我能再说一遍吗? 这实际上开始于 |
| 112 | Professor Kaku said Einstein said time is like an arrow. | 卡库教授说爱因斯坦说时间就像箭 |
| 113 | He doesn't say that but Einstein did | 爱因斯坦没有这么说 |
| 114 | believe in absolute simultaneity. | 相信绝对的兴奋。 |
| 115 | Let me just explain this one thing. | 让我解释一下 |
| 116 | Einstein believed if I | 爱因斯坦相信如果我 |
| 117 | snap my fingers that was an event and there is a objective physical fact about what was happening | 扭断我的手指,这是一个事件 有一个客观的物理事实 发生了什么事 |
| 118 | on the moon at that moment. | 在月球上的时候 |
| 119 | What was happening on Alpha Centauri at that moment. | 那时在阿尔法半人马座上发生了什么 |
| 120 | What was happening | 发生什么事了? |
| 121 | as far away as you like. | 随你意远. |
| 122 | That's absolute simultaneity. | 这是绝对的兴奋。 |
| 123 | It says that all of these events | 上面写着所有这些事件 |
| 124 | there is a unique way to organize them into these all happen then these all happen then these all | 有一个独特的方法来组织它们 这一切发生... ... |
| 125 | happen. | 发生。 |
| 126 | Newton's very clear that he believes that. | 牛顿很清楚他相信这一点 |
| 127 | Special and general relativity if you take them at | 特殊和一般相对论,如果你把它们放在 |
| 128 | face value get rid of that. | 脸值去掉它。 |
| 129 | They just don't believe there's such a thing. | 他们只是不相信有这种事 |
| 130 | That's absolutely | 这绝对是 |
| 131 | direction of time and in special and general relativity you replace that with what's called | 时间的方向 特殊和一般的相对论 你用所谓的 |
| 132 | the proper time. | 适当的时间。 |
| 133 | We there's a proper time where we are as we sit here there's a proper time | 我们有一个合适的时间 在那里,我们坐在这里 有合适的时间 |
| 134 | in all the things in our minds and there are there is a future and a past for this event it | 在我们的脑海中 有未来和过去 |
| 135 | has an absolute future and absolute past. | 有绝对的未来和绝对的过去。 |
| 136 | All of those things still exist. | 所有这些东西仍然存在。 |
| 137 | Getting rid of absolute | 摆脱绝对 |
| 138 | simultaneity is a tweak of not much interest for everyday life. | 兴奋是日常生活没有多大兴趣的调子。 |
| 139 | It's an interesting theoretical | 这是一个有趣的理论 |
| 140 | thing to do. | 事情做起来。 |
| 141 | I actually think you have to put it back in but that's another story. | 我认为你必须放回去 但这是另一个故事 |
| 142 | Whatever you want to do you want to separate the question is there absolute simultaneity | 不管你想做什么,你都想把问题分开 绝对有刺激性 |
| 143 | to is there a difference between past and future. | 过去和未来有什么不同 |
| 144 | Does time do things change. | 时间会改变的 |
| 145 | Again it sounds a | 再说一遍 |
| 146 | little strange to say the entire universe is made up of vibrating strings but there's no time | 说整个宇宙都是由振动的弦组成 但时间不多了 |
| 147 | because to vibrate time has to be going on. | 因为要振动时间 就必须继续下去。 |
| 148 | Vibration is emotion so it seems a little odd | 震动就是情绪 所以看起来有点奇怪 |
| 149 | to say at base there are things that are vibrating but after all time isn't at the base. | 在基地说有些东西在震动 但毕竟不在基地 |
| 150 | Those ideas don't shell. | 这些想法是不会被否定的。 |
| 151 | Now Tim I'm talking special relativity and you know this paradox. | 蒂姆,我说的是特殊的相对论,你知道这个悖论。 |
| 152 | The paradox of the barn and the pole or here is as I put it you have a tunnel in space 100 meters | 谷仓和杆子的悖论 或在这里,正如我所说的 你有一条隧道 在100米的空间 |
| 153 | long. | 长。 |
| 154 | You have a spacecraft 100 meters long and then the spacecraft moves close to the speed of | 你有一个飞船100米长 然后飞船移动接近速度 |
| 155 | it becomes contracted. | 它变成了合同。 |
| 156 | So much so that the operator of the tunnel can close the two doors at | 这样隧道的操作员就可以关闭两扇门了 |
| 157 | the same time such that the spacecraft in within them. | 与此同时,飞船就在里面。 |
| 158 | Now you sit on the spacecraft and you say | 现在你坐在飞船上说 |
| 159 | I'm at rest and it's the tunnel which moves relatively to me and now it's the tunnel which | 我休息,这是隧道 相对移动给我 现在它是隧道 |
| 160 | contracts. | 合同。 |
| 161 | The tunnel cannot close its two doors at the same time. | 隧道不能同时关闭两扇门. |
| 162 | You know this paradox you | 你知道这个悖论你 |
| 163 | teach it at class and I explain why it's not a paradox. | 在课堂上教它,我解释为什么它不是一个悖论。 |
| 164 | Yeah and then here is your solution. | 是啊,然后这里是你的解决方案。 |
| 165 | There is no absolute simultaneity. | 没有绝对的兴奋。 |
| 166 | So one of them says I close the two doors at the same time and | 其中一个说我同时关了两扇门 |
| 167 | open them. | 打开 |
| 168 | The other said you lie to me you close this one and open and close this one and open. | 另一个说你骗我 你关上这个 打开这个 打开这个 |
| 169 | That means Tim that the two events coexist a long time. | 就是说 蒂姆说这两个事件并存了很长时间. |
| 170 | The whole Lorentz contraction oh yes | 整个洛伦茨的收缩 |
| 171 | the whole Lorentz contraction is just by Minkowski's genius idea treating time as | 整个洛伦茨的收缩 仅仅是因为明考斯基的天才想法 把时间当作 |
| 172 | a dimension. | 一个维度。 |
| 173 | You wouldn't get the Lorentz contraction. | 你不会得到洛伦茨的收缩。 |
| 174 | You wouldn't get time dilation | 你不会得到时间扩张 |
| 175 | if you did not treat space and time as a four-dimensional unity. | 如果你没有将空间和时间视为四维统一。 |
| 176 | Now to say that | 现在说 |
| 177 | time is moving let me be the devil's advocate because this is what they say. | 时间正在流逝 让我做魔鬼的倡导者 因为这就是他们说的话 |
| 178 | If you say that | 如果你这么说 |
| 179 | there is a now that moves moving means being in one place at one time at another place at another | 移动意味着在一个地方 在一个地方 在另一个地方 |
| 180 | time. | 时间。 |
| 181 | What is the velocity of the now moving? | 现在移动的速度是多少? |
| 182 | This is why people say don't say the time move. | 这就是为什么人们说不要说时间移动。 |
| 183 | You are mixing categories. | 你们是混合类别。 |
| 184 | By the way it was not only in the letter of condolence. | 顺便说一句,不仅在慰问信里. |
| 185 | First of all | 首先是 |
| 186 | never write such a letter of condolence to anybody whose dear one passed away. | 永远不要写这样一封慰问信 给亲爱的去世的人 |
| 187 | But Einstein said it | 但爱因斯坦说 |
| 188 | to the philosopher Rudolf Carnap and he said the fact that we have to give up the progression of | 对哲学家鲁道夫·卡纳普来说 他说我们必须放弃 |
| 189 | now is a matter of painful but inevitable resignation. | 现在是一个痛苦但不可避免的辞职问题。 |
| 190 | Here is a talk between two | 这是两个人的谈话 |
| 191 | philosophers. | 哲学家. |
| 192 | You can read his book the volume Einstein physicist philosopher. | 你可以读他的书 爱因斯坦物理学家 |
| 193 | You will see in | 你会看到 |
| 194 | his answer at the end against Popper that he said yeah I don't believe that there is such a thing | 他最后对波普的回答是 他说是的 我不相信有这样的事情 |
| 195 | as the motion of time. | 作为时间的移动。 |
| 196 | The problem Tim the discrepancy exists. | 问题 Tim 存在差异。 |
| 197 | The debate exists. | 辩论是存在的。 |
| 198 | Let's not | 我们不要 |
| 199 | yeah I would have to emphasize that we're really debating two separate though related questions. | 是的,我不得不强调,我们真的辩论 两个独立的问题 虽然相关。 |
| 200 | On one hand we have the physicist's attitude towards special relativity. | 一方面,我们有物理学家对特殊相对论的态度。 |
| 201 | This is well established. | 这是既定的。 |
| 202 | All | 全体 |
| 203 | the paradoxes were pretty much ironed out decades ago. | 这些悖论在几十年前已经消除了。 |
| 204 | But as far as Einstein's special theory | 但至于爱因斯坦的特别理论 |
| 205 | relativity is I teach that and it's settled. | 相对论是,我教它,它解决了。 |
| 206 | It's a settled question. | 问已定. |
| 207 | Like I said before that's why | 就像我之前说过的 这就是为什么 |
| 208 | we have hydrogen bombs. | 我们有氢弹 |
| 209 | There's no debate about what happens when you pull the trigger on a | 没有什么争论 当你扣动扳机 |
| 210 | weapon. | 武器 枪 |
| 211 | Once again. | 再来一次 |
| 212 | To continue watching this video click the link in the top left or in the | 要继续观看此视频,请点击左上方或左上方的链接 |
| 213 | description below or visit iai.tv for more debates and talks from the world's leading | 以下描述或访问iai.tv, 以便世界领先国家进行更多的辩论和会谈 |
| 214 | thinkers on today's biggest ideas. | 思想家们关于今天最大的想法。 |
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