彭博社：为原子复兴制造新型核燃料 | 2026.5.13 |
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:04 | In a small town in Ohio, behind layers of barbed wire fence and many warnings of danger, | 在俄亥俄州的一个小镇, 后面层的铁丝网栅栏和许多危险警告, |
| 0:11 | there are about 11,000 holes in the ground. | 地下约有11000个洞 |
| 0:14 | And these giant things, which are churning out an exciting new type of nuclear fuel called | 这些巨型的核燃料正在喷出 一种令人兴奋的新型核燃料 |
| 0:20 | HALU. | 哈卢。 |
| 0:21 | Three tablespoons of HALU is enough to supply a typical person's entire use of electricity | 3个餐桌的HALU足以提供一个典型的人 整个用电 |
| 0:27 | for their entire lifetime. | 他们的一生。 |
| 0:29 | The private company behind this new fuel production wants to fill all those 11,000 holes with | 新燃料生产背后的私人公司 想要填补所有11000个洞 |
| 0:35 | centrifuges. | 离心机 离心机 离心机 |
| 0:36 | Right now, they've built 16. | 现在,他们已经建造了16个。 |
| 0:39 | It's the kind of ambitious goal that only makes sense if an industry that's been on | 这种雄心勃勃的目标 只有在一个工业上才有意义 |
展开字幕全文（322 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | In a small town in Ohio, behind layers of barbed wire fence and many warnings of danger, | 在俄亥俄州的一个小镇, 后面层的铁丝网栅栏和许多危险警告, |
| 2 | there are about 11,000 holes in the ground. | 地下约有11000个洞 |
| 3 | And these giant things, which are churning out an exciting new type of nuclear fuel called | 这些巨型的核燃料正在喷出 一种令人兴奋的新型核燃料 |
| 4 | HALU. | 哈卢。 |
| 5 | Three tablespoons of HALU is enough to supply a typical person's entire use of electricity | 3个餐桌的HALU足以提供一个典型的人 整个用电 |
| 6 | for their entire lifetime. | 他们的一生。 |
| 7 | The private company behind this new fuel production wants to fill all those 11,000 holes with | 新燃料生产背后的私人公司 想要填补所有11000个洞 |
| 8 | centrifuges. | 离心机 离心机 离心机 |
| 9 | Right now, they've built 16. | 现在,他们已经建造了16个。 |
| 10 | It's the kind of ambitious goal that only makes sense if an industry that's been on | 这种雄心勃勃的目标 只有在一个工业上才有意义 |
| 11 | life support suddenly has a... | 生命维持能力突然有... |
| 12 | Nuclear renaissance. | 核复兴. |
| 13 | Big tech is bringing nuclear power back in a big way. | 大科技将核电带回大局. |
| 14 | President Trump has laid out a target of quadrupling the US's nuclear capacity. | 特朗普总统提出了将美国核能力翻两番的目标. |
| 15 | We're talking hundreds of billions of dollars. | 说百千亿劫. |
| 16 | We will build a reactor a year again, we will build them across the country. | 我们将再建一个反应堆一年,我们将在全国各地建造反应堆。 |
| 17 | This is no longer about just electricity, it's about India's future. | 这不再只是电,而是印度的未来。 |
| 18 | China is outpacing the United States by at least a decade. | 中国比美国慢了至少十年。 |
| 19 | And this new fuel may be crucial to power a new wave of smaller reactors that can be | 而这种新燃料对于为新浪潮的小型反应堆提供动力可能至关重要。 |
| 20 | deployed in more places to help power the future of technology. | 部署在更多地方,帮助为技术的未来提供动力。 |
| 21 | Amazon and Google, meanwhile, are investing in small modular reactors. | 与此同时,亚马逊和谷歌正在投资小型模块化反应堆。 |
| 22 | I think in the next six, seven years, I think you're going to see a whole bunch of small | 我想在接下来的六、七年里 你会看到一大堆小东西 |
| 23 | nuclear reactors. | 核反应堆。 |
| 24 | But supplying this fuel gets tricky. | 但供应这种燃料很困难 |
| 25 | Nuclear reactors run on uranium, and it's not just uranium you dig out of the ground. | 核反应堆运行在铀上, 不只是铀 你挖出地面。 |
| 26 | They have this very complicated process where they have to enrich the uranium into nuclear | 他们有一个非常复杂的过程 他们必须把铀浓缩成核 |
| 27 | fuel. | 燃料问题。 |
| 28 | And the need for nuclear fuel is growing. | 对核燃料的需求也在增加。 |
| 29 | By some estimates, the global uranium demand is expected to more than double by 2040. | 据一些估计,到2040年,全球铀需求量预计将增加一倍以上。 |
| 30 | Far and away, the biggest company involved in the nuclear fuel ecosystem is Russia's | 与核燃料生态系统有关的最大公司是俄罗斯 |
| 31 | Rosatom. | 罗莎通. |
| 32 | They control almost 50 percent of the capacity to enrich uranium. | 他们几乎控制了50%的铀浓缩能力. |
| 33 | But due to sanctions against Russia over its war in Ukraine, the world's uranium market | 但由于俄罗斯在乌克兰的战争 受到制裁 世界的铀市场 |
| 34 | is transforming. | 正在改变。 |
| 35 | And since the nuclear ecosystem is interconnected, Western countries are being forced to rewrite | 由于核生态系统相互关联 西方国家被迫重写 |
| 36 | their entire nuclear supply chains, from mining, conversion, enrichment and fabrication, | 其整个核供应链,从采矿、转换、浓缩和制造, |
| 37 | to building all those small reactors. | 建造所有这些小型反应堆。 |
| 38 | Success at each link could mean more than new fuel. | 每个环节的成功都可能不仅仅是新的燃料。 |
| 39 | It could grow new industries, and the potential to rake in lots and lots of money. | 它可以发展新的产业, 以及大量金钱的潜在价值。 |
| 40 | And failure wouldn't just mean these holes in the ground stay empty. | 失败不会意味着地面上的这些洞是空的。 |
| 41 | It could cause a crack in nuclear confidence that could take generations to seal. | 它可能会造成核信心的裂缝,需要几代人来封印. |
| 42 | All right, so, yeah, push that, make it in. | 好吧,所以,是的,推它,让它英寸 |
| 43 | It might be hard. | 可能很难 |
| 44 | Is it my nails? | 是我的指甲吗? |
| 45 | Maybe. | 也许 |
| 46 | Try, try going sideways. | 试试看,走一边去 |
| 47 | That's funny. | 这很有趣。 |
| 48 | There you go. | 给你。 |
| 49 | You're going to drive rods in and you're going to try to keep that number close to | 你要把杆子开进去 并且尽量保持这个号码接近 |
| 50 | that number. | 那个号码 |
| 51 | So go ahead. | 那就说吧 |
| 52 | Now you're a nuclear operator. | 现在你是核运营商了 |
| 53 | This is a simulator of reactor one at California's Diablo Canyon power plant. | 这是加州迪亚布洛峡谷发电厂的反应堆模拟器 |
| 54 | And the trainee working the joystick is a Brazilian fashion model turned nuclear influencer | 而操控乐杆的受训者是巴西时尚模特 成为核影响者 |
| 55 | named Isabel Bemike. | 伊莎贝尔·贝米克 |
| 56 | Or for those deeply into the nuclear energy space on TikTok, she's known as Isodope. | 或者对于那些深入TikTok上的核能空间的人来说,她被称为Isodope. |
| 57 | This is a plant. | 这是植物 |
| 58 | No, not this one. | 不 不是这个 |
| 59 | What is my purpose? | 我的目标是什么? |
| 60 | I started making short one minute long videos that were very abstract. | 我开始制作一分钟长的视频,非常抽象。 |
| 61 | And I also try to make it very fun. | 我也试着让它非常有趣。 |
| 62 | She's not alone. | 她不是一个人 |
| 63 | In the last few years, there has been a rise in so-called nukefluencers. | 在过去几年中,所谓的核武器扩散者有所增加。 |
| 64 | Some critics note that this new wave of snappy short form social media advocacy can gloss | 一些批评者指出,这股新浪潮的短篇社交媒体宣传可以掩盖 |
| 65 | over nuanced positions from anti-nuclear groups like Greenpeace. | 来自绿色和平组织等反核集团的微小立场。 |
| 66 | We don't need nuclear energy. | 我们不需要核能 |
| 67 | It's still dangerous and polluting. | 它仍然危险和污染。 |
| 68 | But Bemike is not your average nukefluencer. | 但Bemike不是你的平均核燃料。 |
| 69 | She's reportedly invested in a nuclear startup and is married to Joe Gebbia, co-founder | 据报道,她投资了核启动 并嫁给了Joe Gebbia,联合创始人 |
| 70 | of Airbnb and Donald Trump's chief design officer. | Airbnb和唐纳德·特朗普的首席设计官. |
| 71 | The two have donated millions to nuclear causes. | 两人为核事业捐赠了数百万. |
| 72 | This rise in social media influence comes at the same time the nuclear power industry | 社交媒体影响力的上升 同时也是核电产业 |
| 73 | and some Silicon Valley startups are pushing the Trump administration to help kickstart | 和一些硅谷启动企业 推动特朗普政府 帮助启动 |
| 74 | development. | 发展。 |
| 75 | And according to her own account, Bemike was able to provide input on draft executive orders | 根据她自己的说法 Bemike能够为行政命令草案提供投入 |
| 76 | targeting the regulation of nuclear energy. | 以管制核能为目标。 |
| 77 | This renewed push is a major change in the trajectory of nuclear power in the United States. | 这种新的推动是美国核能轨迹的重大变化。 |
| 78 | San Onofre nuclear plant is shutting down for good. | 圣奥诺弗尔核电站即将关闭 |
| 79 | Crystal River nuclear power plant now set to close for good. | 水晶河核电站即将关闭 |
| 80 | Closed for good. | 永远关闭。 |
| 81 | Shut down for good? | 永远关闭? |
| 82 | For good. | 永远 |
| 83 | I've been writing about nuclear energy since 2019. | 2019年起开始写核能. |
| 84 | And when I started, pretty much the only story, especially in the U.S., was which one is going | 当我开始的时候,几乎 唯一的故事,特别是在美国, 是哪一个要去 |
| 85 | to close down next. | 关闭下一个。 |
| 86 | From permits to labor to concrete, building and operating a nuclear plant can cost a fortune | 从许可证到劳动到混凝土 建造和运营核电站 都要花一大笔钱 |
| 87 | long before it produces a single watt. | 在它产生单瓦之前 |
| 88 | And the road to operation can be unpredictable. | 而行动的道路可能无法预测. |
| 89 | The two newest reactors built in the U.S. at Southern Company's Vogel plant in Georgia | 在美国建造的两座最新的反应堆 位于乔治亚州的沃格尔工厂 |
| 90 | came online seven years behind schedule and more than $16 billion over budget. | 超过160亿美元。 |
| 91 | At the same time, solar energy has gotten much cheaper to produce and a lot more reliable | 与此同时,太阳能生产价格更便宜,而且更加可靠。 |
| 92 | to build and operate. | 建设和运营。 |
| 93 | But then all these unmarked, windowless buildings started popping up everywhere. | 但后来这些没有标志的,无窗的建筑开始到处涌现. |
| 94 | The big tech companies started saying, we need to build out these huge data centers | 大科技公司开始说 我们需要建立这些巨大的数据中心 |
| 95 | for artificial intelligence. | 为人工智能。 |
| 96 | And the thing about AI is those data centers need a lot of electricity. | 人工智能是那些数据中心需要大量电力。 |
| 97 | And so they started looking at nuclear power. | 于是他们开始关注核能。 |
| 98 | Meanwhile, the operating license for California's last nuclear power plant was about to expire. | 同时,加州最后一个核电站的运营许可证即将到期. |
| 99 | So at the same time, Diablo Canyon in California was also on the chopping block. | 因此同时,加利福尼亚州的迪亚布洛峡谷也处于砍切区. |
| 100 | This time, it was a confluence of economic concerns and activism pushing against the | 这一次,这是经济关切和积极主义的交汇, 推动反对 |
| 101 | proposed closure. | 拟议结束。 |
| 102 | We had a giant blimp rolling through the streets. | 我们有一个巨型飞弹在街上滚滚。 |
| 103 | We're on a mission to stop it! | 我们的任务是阻止它! |
| 104 | To the surprise of literally everybody, the plant is open at least until 2030. | 让人惊讶的是,至少到2030年 工厂才开放。 |
| 105 | That's not all. | 还不止这些 |
| 106 | Other decommissioned plants are getting a new lifeline, like Three Mile Island. | 其他退役的工厂正在获得一条新的生命线,如三里岛. |
| 107 | Now, Constellation Energy is actively working to reopen one of its reactors under a new | 现在,星座能源公司正在积极工作 重新打开它的反应堆之一 在一个新的 |
| 108 | name, the Crane Clean Energy Center. | 名称,Crane清洁能源中心。 |
| 109 | Changing the name, really. | 改个名字,真的 |
| 110 | You cannot erase history. | 你不能抹去历史。 |
| 111 | You cannot rebrand a nuclear disaster. | 你不能重塑核灾难 |
| 112 | But still, global investment in nuclear energy since 2020 is estimated to be around $300 | 但是,自2020年以来,全球核能投资估计为300美元左右。 |
| 113 | billion, with ambitious plans in Europe, North America and Asia to revive or kickstart their | 在欧洲、北美和亚洲有复兴或启动其 |
| 114 | nuclear energy sectors. | 核能部门。 |
| 115 | Every step of the supply chain, from mining to enrichment to building reactors, is highly | 供应链的每一步骤,从采矿到浓缩到建造反应堆,都是非常严重的。 |
| 116 | regulated and controlled. | 管制和控制。 |
| 117 | Because a single misstep could be catastrophic and erode the public trust nuclear has worked | 因为一次失误可能是灾难性的 并侵蚀了公众信任的核作用 |
| 118 | decades to regain. | 几十年后才能恢复 |
| 119 | It's a real shift from when I came of age and everyone was worried about nuclear war. | 从我成年时开始,大家都担心核战争,这是真正的转变. |
| 120 | Because the process of enriching uranium for nuclear fuel, same technology that they use | 由于浓缩铀用于核燃料的过程,它们使用的相同技术 |
| 121 | for enriching uranium to make nuclear weapons. | 用于浓缩铀以制造核武器。 |
| 122 | It also means that turning a lump of rock like this into enough electricity to power | 这也意味着把一块石头 变成足够的电力 |
| 123 | all of this is complicated. | 这一切都很复杂。 |
| 124 | Let's break it down. | 师便打. |
| 125 | Uranium ore contains three unique isotopes. | 铀矿石含有三种独特的同位素. |
| 126 | U-234 accounts for less than 0.01%. | U-234占比不到0.01%. |
| 127 | So let's just forget about that one. | 所以,让我们忘了那个。 |
| 128 | Po. | |
| 129 | U-238, on the other hand, makes up most of it, 99.3%. | 而U-238则占大部分,占99.3%. |
| 130 | But the key to nuclear energy lies within this one. | 但核能的关键就在这其中。 |
| 131 | Lucky number U-235. | 幸运号U-235 |
| 132 | Meaning only about 0.7% is the fissile type of uranium. | 铀的裂变类型仅占0.7%。 |
| 133 | But now this thing is basically a gamma emitting rock. | 但现在它基本上是一个伽玛排放岩。 |
| 134 | So let's turn it into fuel. | 因此,让我们把它变成燃料。 |
| 135 | You need to first convert the ore into yellow cake, distinguished by its color and fluffy | 你需要先把矿石转换成黄色的蛋糕 以它的颜色和绒毛来区分 |
| 136 | composition similar to cake. | 类似蛋糕的成分 |
| 137 | That stuff is then sent to a conversion facility where it's converted into this gas, uranium | 那东西被送到一个转化设施 在那里它被转化成这种气体,铀 |
| 138 | 六氟化ide. | |
| 139 | To make the fuel, you take the gas for a spin in a centrifuge. | 为了制造燃料,你用气体旋转离心机。 |
| 140 | Inside the whirlwind, the lighter U-235 atoms slowly separate from the heavier U-238 ones. | 在旋风内部,较轻的U-235原子与较重的U-238原子缓慢分离. |
| 141 | So they go through the centrifuges until the U-235 is at about a 5% concentration. | 因此,它们穿过离心机,直到铀-235浓度达到5%。 |
| 142 | If you keep things cooking for longer, you'll reach weapons grade, which is 90% or more. | 如果你把烹饪的时间延长,你会达到武器等级,即90%以上. |
| 143 | And that's really tightly regulated. | 这非常严格。 |
| 144 | So let's take it out before then. | 故先灭后灭. |
| 145 | That uranium hexafluoride gas is sent to another facility where it can be turned into metallic form. | 六氟化铀气体被送往另一个设施,在那里可以转化为金属形式。 |
| 146 | And then pressed into pellets, each about the size of a gummy bear. | 然后压进粒子,每粒大小都跟一只熊差不多。 |
| 147 | Then stacked into rods and loaded into nuclear reactor cores. | 然后堆积成棒并装入核反应堆核心. |
| 148 | This is where we finally get energy through the form of nuclear fission. | 这就是我们最终通过核裂变获得能量的地方. |
| 149 | U-235 isotopes split, which makes heat, which boils water, which shoots through a turbine, | U-235同位素分裂,产生热量,沸水,通过涡轮发射, |
| 150 | which makes energy. | 这能产生能量。 |
| 151 | It's like activating a secret Rube Goldberg machine every time you turn on the AC. | 就像每次打开空调时 都会激活秘密的Rube Goldberg机器 |
| 152 | Oh, there's also the matter of radioactive nuclear waste, which we'll put off to deal with later. | 哦,还有放射性核废料的问题, 我们以后再处理。 |
| 153 | Just like the real thing. | 就像真的一样 |
| 154 | For companies chasing the next big uranium boom, every link in this chain looks like an opportunity, | 对于追求下一个大铀繁荣的公司来说,这个链条中的每一个环节看起来都是一个机会, |
| 155 | starting from the ground up. | 从地面开始 |
| 156 | Now the sound going off is telling us we're seeing lots of counts per second here, very high counts per second, | 现在声音响了 告诉我们我们每秒看到很多计数, 每秒非常高计数, |
| 157 | at 65,000 plus. | 6万5千块 |
| 158 | Now that is some high-scale, high-grade uranium mineralization. | 现在,这是一些 高尺度,高级铀矿化。 |
| 159 | RUQ1 is an underground uranium mining project from NextGen, | RUQ1是一个来自NextGen的地下铀开采项目, |
| 160 | targeting the Arrow deposit in Saskatchewan's Athabasca Basin. | 以萨斯喀彻温的阿塔巴斯卡盆地的箭矿为攻击目标。 |
| 161 | The Arrow deposit is the world's largest, highest-grade uranium mining project, | 箭矿是世界上最大的、 级别最高的铀开采项目, |
| 162 | and will be producing approximately 20 to 25% of the world's mine supply. | 并且将生产大约20%到25%的世界矿山供应量。 |
| 163 | It hasn't begun production yet, but if you want to check out the site, | 它还没有开始生产, 但是如果你想检查 网站, |
| 164 | Lee Currier, NextGen的创始人兼首席执行官,很高兴给你指示. | |
| 165 | It's 700 kilometers north-northwest of Saskatoon, | 在萨斯卡通西北700公里处 |
| 166 | 155 kilometers north of the nearest municipal and reservation of La Loche and the Clearwater River Dene Nation. | 距离拉洛切和清水河德内民族最近的市镇和保留地以北155公里. |
| 167 | But even if you're lucky enough to find an underground treasure trove of uranium ore, | 但是即使你幸运地找到铀矿的地下宝藏 |
| 168 | you can't just grab a shovel and start digging it up. | 你不能只是拿个铲子开始挖它。 |
| 169 | First, you need to raise a lot of capital. | 首先,你需要筹集大量资金。 |
| 170 | RUQ1, for example, costs around $1.5 billion. | 例如,RUQ1费用约为15亿美元。 |
| 171 | And then there's the paperwork, like licenses and permits and sign-offs from surrounding indigenous communities, | 还有一些文件,比如来自周围土著社区的许可证和许可和签注, |
| 172 | which make up around 13% of Athabasca County. | 占阿塔哈斯卡县13%左右 |
| 173 | You're looking basically from discovery of Arrow to likely first pound of production, 20-plus years. | 你基本上从发现"箭"到20年的一磅产量 |
| 174 | But even before entering the construction phase, | 但在进入施工阶段之前 |
| 175 | NextGen is already negotiating deals with utilities in the US, Europe, Asia and the Middle East. | 美国、欧洲、亚洲和中东的公用设施问题, |
| 176 | Pulling uranium from the earth is no small feat or small expense. | 从地球上抽取铀并非小功用或小代价。 |
| 177 | But the real challenge begins when you try to separate those pesky U-235 isotopes. | 但真正的挑战始于 你试图分离这些 pesky U-235 同位素。 |
| 178 | Uranium enrichment is also one of the most tightly controlled capital intensive processes on earth. | 铀浓缩也是地球上控制最严密的资本集约过程之一. |
| 179 | It's chemistry, physics and geopolitics all in one spin cycle. | 这是化学,物理和地缘政治 都在一个旋转周期。 |
| 180 | This should look familiar. | 这看起来很眼熟 |
| 181 | We assemble the centrifuges behind us, then we take them down this transfer corridor. | 我们把离心机装到后面 然后把离心机带下来 |
| 182 | And you've got these massive doors? | 你有这些巨大的门? |
| 183 | Yes, we call them King Kong doors. | 是的,我们叫它们金刚门 |
| 184 | The speed demon behind the wheel is Matt Snyder, a former mechanic in the nuclear navy and a 15-year veteran at Centris, | 车轮后面的快魔是马特·斯奈德(Matt Snyder),曾是核海军的机械师,也是在Centris工作的15年老兵. |
| 185 | the only US company licensed to make HALU, a concentrated type of nuclear fuel. | 美国唯一一家拥有制造HALU(核燃料集中型)许可证的公司。 |
| 186 | They've got this enormous facility with 16 centrifuges running and then holes in the ground where they're going to have the rest. | 他们有这个巨大的设施 16台离心机运行 然后在地面上挖洞 剩下的就在那里了 |
| 187 | They plan to jam-pack this place with 11,000 centrifuges so they can scale up their HALU production to power a future market of new nuclear reactors. | 他们计划用11000台离心机 来干扰这个地方 这样他们就可以扩大HALU的生产 来为未来的核反应堆市场提供动力 |
| 188 | It really struck me how this is starting to happen, but it's not here yet. | 这让我很惊讶,但还没到 |
| 189 | Standard nuclear fuel is called low enriched uranium, or LEU, and has a U-235 enrichment concentration of 3 to 5 percent. | 标准核燃料称为低浓缩铀或低浓缩铀,铀-235浓缩浓度为3%至5%。 |
| 190 | HALU is more potent, it's about 20 percent. | HALU更强大,大约20%。 |
| 191 | Three tablespoons of HALU is enough to supply a typical person's entire use of electricity for their entire lifetime. | HALU的三块桌子足以供应一个典型的人一生全部使用电力。 |
| 192 | Right now, only Russia and China are making HALU at commercial scale. | 现在,只有俄罗斯和中国正在以商业规模制造HALU. |
| 193 | So if we were to expand our operations with those 11,000 machines, that's enough to meet the demand left by the Russian sanctions. | 所以如果我们用这11000台机器来扩大我们的行动, 这足以满足俄罗斯制裁留下的需求. |
| 194 | The US Department of Energy awarded Centris, along with two other fuel makers, $900 million. | 美国能源部授予Centris,以及另外两个燃料制造商9亿美元. |
| 195 | But the centrifuge forest won't grow overnight. | 但离心机林不会在一夜之间生长. |
| 196 | With appropriate funding, we expect our full capacity plant to be built within the next six to seven years. | 有了适当的资金,我们预计在今后六至七年内将建造我们的全部发电厂。 |
| 197 | How long does it take to enrich the uranium? | 浓缩铀需要多长时间? |
| 198 | No, I can't go into that. | 不,我不能进去。 |
| 199 | Because centrifuges can also make weapons-grade fuel, many topics around the technology are classified. | 由于离心机也可以制造武器级燃料,因此围绕该技术的许多话题都被分类. |
| 200 | I can't really comment. | 我无法说出口 |
| 201 | I can't answer that. | 我无法回答 |
| 202 | I can't talk about that. | 我不能谈这个。 |
| 203 | I can't really comment. | 我无法说出口 |
| 204 | So let me try to get into this next part without revealing any national security secrets. | 因此,让我试着进入下一部分,而不透露任何国家安全机密。 |
| 205 | Betting on HALU also means betting on the next generation reactors that plan to use it, | 在HALU上下注也意味着在计划使用它的下一代反应堆上下注, |
| 206 | like many SMRs, small modular reactors, that can be built in factories shipped and assembled on site. | 和许多SR,小型模块化反应堆一样,这些反应堆可以在现场装运和组装的工厂中建造. |
| 207 | If you are looking at some of the more ambitious SMR ideas, | 如果你在研究一些更雄心勃勃的工管关系想法 |
| 208 | like placing small reactors in the wilds of northern Canada to supply power for remote towns, | 就像在加拿大北部野外放置小型反应堆 为偏远城镇提供电力, |
| 209 | you want to use HALU as the thinking goes, so that the number of refueling trips out can be reduced | 您想随心所欲使用 HALU, 从而减少加油出行次数 |
| 210 | and that therefore would drive down the cost of operation. | 因此,这将降低业务费用。 |
| 211 | We'll get into the economics of SMRs a bit later, though. | 不过我们晚点再谈工矿关系经济学 |
| 212 | Hang tight. | 抓紧了 |
| 213 | It's a chicken and an egg problem. | 鸡和蛋问题. |
| 214 | They can't have the fuel unless there's demand, but there's no demand until they have reactors. | 除非有需求,否则他们不能有燃料,但除非有反应堆,否则就没有需求. |
| 215 | But they don't want to build the reactors unless they know that there's going to be fuel. | 但他们不想建造反应堆 除非他们知道会有燃料 |
| 216 | You can see where I'm going here. | 汝可知我今处. |
| 217 | The chicken and egg problem is being solved at a small scale right now. | 鸡蛋问题正在小范围解决。 |
| 218 | Urenco has committed to invest in new HALU production. | 铀浓缩公司承诺对新的HALU生产进行投资。 |
| 219 | Orono in France has as well. | 法国的奥罗诺也有 |
| 220 | The next stage is whether there are enough companies that can go beyond a first-of-a-kind SMR model | 下一个阶段是,是否有足够的公司可以超越一流的工管关系模式 |
| 221 | and actually begin serial production. | 开始连载制作 |
| 222 | One company outside of Seattle is looking to become that first SMR chicken, or SMR egg, | 西雅图市外的一家公司想成为 首个SMR鸡,或者SMR蛋, |
| 223 | or whichever one comes next. | 或任何下一个。 |
| 224 | TerraPower is a nuclear technology company founded by Bill Gates in 2008. | TerraPower是2008年比尔·盖茨成立的一家核技术公司. |
| 225 | Their first SMR, called Natrium, is currently under construction in Kemero, Wyoming. | 它们的第一个称为Natrium的SRM目前正在怀俄明州的Kemero建造中。 |
| 226 | If all goes to plan, it could be the first SMR to go online in the US. | 如果一切都按计划进行,这可能是美国第一个上线的工管关系。 |
| 227 | If you looked at the 90-plus reactors that are operating in the US today, or the 400 around the world, | 如果你看看今天在美国运行的90多个反应堆 或者全世界400个 |
| 228 | They were born and designed in slide rule space, in the space of paper drawings. | 它们诞生和设计在幻灯片规则空间,纸画空间. |
| 229 | But our reactors started their development in an advanced computing environment. | 但是我们的反应堆在先进的计算环境中开始开发. |
| 230 | The CEO of TerraPower, Chris Levesque, has spent 30 years in the nuclear industry, | TerraPower的首席执行官克里斯·莱韦斯克 在核工业工作了30年 |
| 231 | beginning his career as an officer in the nuclear navy. | 开始他作为核海军军官的职业生涯. |
| 232 | Sorry, with the background noise, I'm having a little hard time hearing you. | 抱歉,由于背景噪音 我听得有点难听 |
| 233 | Oh, sorry, was just giving you a quick introduction. | 哦,对不起,只是给你一个简单的介绍。 |
| 234 | Part of the reason I have trouble hearing is I've spent too much time in engine rooms, in submarines. | 我听不懂的部分原因是 我花了太多时间在引擎室 潜艇里 |
| 235 | But Bill knew he wanted to work on the next form of fission, which for us is our Natrium reactor. | 但是比尔知道他想研究 下一个裂变形式, 对我们来说,那是我们的纳西姆反应堆。 |
| 236 | Natrium outputs around a third of the electricity of a standard nuclear reactor, | ium输出约标准核反应堆电量的三分之一, |
| 237 | or more when it taps into its molten salt storage tank, otherwise known as Energy Island, | 或更多当它钻进熔盐储存罐时,又称能源岛, |
| 238 | which sort of acts like a thermal battery. | 像热电池一样 |
| 239 | Each generation of reactor is built on the lessons of the past. | 每一代反应堆都是根据过去的经验建造的. |
| 240 | Reactors from the 1950s and 1960s are often called Gen 1 reactors. | 1950年代和1960年代的反应堆常被称为Gen 1反应堆. |
| 241 | Many were small, unreliable, and had a number of design flaws, | 很多人是小的,不可靠的, 并有一些设计缺陷, |
| 242 | like inadequate or non-existing containment structures, inefficient fuel management, | 诸如不足或不存在的遏制结构、低效的燃料管理, |
| 243 | and a heavy dependence on manual control. | 并严重依赖人工控制。 |
| 244 | Next came Gen 2 reactors, built between the 1970s and the 1990s. | 下一个是1970年代至1990年代建造的Gen 2反应堆。 |
| 245 | They were more efficient and built for commercial scale and global deployment. | 它们效率更高,是为商业规模和全球部署而建造的。 |
| 246 | Gen 2 featured safety upgrades like automated emergency shutdown mechanisms. | Gen 2的特点是自动紧急关闭机制等安全升级。 |
| 247 | But equipment failure and human error led to accidents at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania | 但设备故障和人为失误导致宾夕法尼亚州三里岛发生事故 |
| 248 | and Chernobyl in the USSR. | 和切尔诺贝利在苏联。 |
| 249 | Reactors from the 1990s and beyond are called Gen 3 and feature simplified designs, | 1990年代及以后的反应堆称为Gen 3和特征简化设计, |
| 250 | better fuel efficiency, and improved safety systems. | 提高燃料效率,改进安全系统。 |
| 251 | The next generation of nuclear power plants, there's going to be Gen 3 Plus. | 下一代核电站将出现Gen 3 Plus. |
| 252 | And what that is is pretty much a smaller version of what we've got now. | 而那只是我们目前拥有的更小的版本。 |
| 253 | 在Gen 3 Plus即将到来之后,Gen 4。 | |
| 254 | Those are different. | 这些不一样 |
| 255 | There's a lot of different designs people are working with. | 有很多不同的设计 工作的人。 |
| 256 | There's different cooling materials. | 有不同的冷却材料. |
| 257 | They use different fuels like HALU. | 它们使用不同的燃料,如HALU. |
| 258 | But Gen 3 Plus and Gen 4, they're all generally what we call SMRs. | 但是,Gen 3 Plus和Gen 4,它们一般都是我们所称的SRM. |
| 259 | It's a small modular reactor. | 是一个小型模块化反应堆. |
| 260 | Some experts estimate that SMRs will be less expensive per kilowatt than their predecessors. | 一些专家估计,工管关系每千瓦的耗资将低于其前身. |
| 261 | While others argue that first-of-a-kind risks, high maintenance requirements, | 其他人则认为,头等风险、维护要求高, |
| 262 | and regulatory hurdles will ultimately make them more costly. | 监管障碍最终会增加成本。 |
| 263 | Large nuclear reactors have been optimized over decades to bring down the cost of generating electricity. | 大型核反应堆几十年来进行了优化,以降低发电成本。 |
| 264 | And because SMRs are smaller, the amount of energy that they will be able to generate | 由于工管关系较小,它们能产生多少能量 |
| 265 | inside of their machines will be smaller on a per kilowatt hour basis, | 他们的机器内部每千瓦时会较小, |
| 266 | meaning the economics will be challenging. | 意味着经济学将具有挑战性。 |
| 267 | Obviously, SMRs imply there's going to be more nuclear reactors at more sites, | 很明显,标准核反应堆意味着 更多的核反应堆在更多的地点, |
| 268 | which means more regulation, more people to operate them. | 也就是说更多的人来管理它们 |
| 269 | Those are all things that raise the cost of SMRs potentially. | 这些都是可能提高工管关系成本的东西。 |
| 270 | Another hurdle with SMRs is there are a lot of different design ideas, | 工管关系的另一个障碍是有很多不同的设计想法, |
| 271 | but they won't all survive nuclear selection. | 但他们不会都活下来 核选择。 |
| 272 | The amount of SMR designs has grown to about 127 today from just about 80 a few years ago. | 工管关系设计的数量从几年前的大约80个增加到今天的大约127个. |
| 273 | Natrium was initially slated to go online in 2028. | Nat最初预定于2028年上线. |
| 274 | However, the company was delayed two years due to a lack of HALU, but they found a solution. | 然而,公司由于缺乏HALU而推迟了两年,但他们找到了解决方案. |
| 275 | That new source for the first core load is going to be a company called ASP in South Africa. | 第一个核心负荷的新来源将是南非的一家叫做ASP的公司。 |
| 276 | It's a US NASDAQ-listed company, but the enrichment operations will occur in South Africa. | 是一家美国纳斯达克上市公司,但浓缩业务将在南非进行. |
| 277 | So far, TerraPower says it has received $2 billion from the US DOE | 目前为止,TerraPower说它已经收到美国DOE的20亿美元 |
| 278 | and raised another $1.4 billion in private capital. | 并另外筹集了14亿美元的私人资本。 |
| 279 | I grew up in New Hampshire, where Seabrook nuclear station was being built when I was growing up. | 我成长于新罕布什尔州,我成长时海布鲁克核电站正在那里建造. |
| 280 | My parents, who lived paycheck to paycheck, on their electric bill, | 我父母靠电费维持工资 |
| 281 | they had something called the Seabrook surcharge. | 他们有东西叫海溪附加费。 |
| 282 | So the ratepayers were literally paying for the capex of that first nuclear plant. | 因此,付息人 字面上支付 顶端的第一核电站。 |
| 283 | That's not going to work in the US today. | 这在美国是行不通的 |
| 284 | So rather than ratepayers subsidizing utilities reactors, | 而不是给公用反应堆补贴 |
| 285 | a new shift could see private capital footing that massive bill, | 新的转变可以看到私人资本基础 这个庞大的账单, |
| 286 | including the influx of tech investment, which could take financial burden off of taxpayers, | 包括技术投资的流入,这可能减轻纳税人的财政负担, |
| 287 | while putting control of the country's nuclear power in the hands of the private sector. | 将国家核电控制权交给私营部门。 |
| 288 | In addition to Wyoming, TerraPower says it's also signed preliminary agreements | 除了怀俄明,TerraPower说它也签了初步协议 |
| 289 | with utilities in Utah, Kansas, and the UK. | 犹他州、堪萨斯州和联合王国的公用事业公司 |
| 290 | And many other SMRs in both the US and Europe are in promising stages of development. | 在美国和欧洲,许多其他工管关系都处于有希望的发展阶段。 |
| 291 | Still, there's a hidden cost that comes with hundreds of small reactors being deployed around the world. | 然而,随着数百个小型反应堆被部署在世界各地,也会产生隐藏的成本. |
| 292 | Just like larger reactors, SMRs create radioactive material | 与大型反应堆一样,SRM也会产生放射性物质 |
| 293 | when the fuel becomes depleted. | 当燃料耗尽时 |
| 294 | More SMRs deployed globally means more nuclear waste piling up in temporary storage around the world. | 在全球部署更多的工管关系意味着更多的核废物在世界各地临时储存。 |
| 295 | And currently, there's no long term solution for where to put the stuff. | 目前,没有长期的解决办法可以放在哪里。 |
| 296 | If you go to any nuclear power plant, if you go out back, | 如果你去任何核电站, 如果你出去, |
| 297 | you're going to see these giant steel and concrete casks. | 你会看到这些巨大的钢筋和混凝土桶。 |
| 298 | And inside them is the spent fuel rods. | 里面有废燃料棒 |
| 299 | And those things are deadly. | 那些东西是致命的。 |
| 300 | They'll be deadly for a thousand years. | 它们会致命一千年 |
| 301 | Some SMR developers claim their reactors will eventually recycle up to 96% of their spent fuel. | 一些SRM开发者声称他们的反应堆最终会回收高达96%的乏燃料. |
| 302 | But even a little bit of nuclear waste exposure could do irreparable harm to the ecosystem, | 但即使是一点点核废料的暴露 也会对生态系统造成无法弥补的损害 |
| 303 | water supply, food chain, and cause long term health effects. | 供水、食物链和对健康造成长期影响。 |
| 304 | And ironically, many SMRs, due to their compact designs, | 具有讽刺意味的是,许多工管关系, 由于其紧凑的设计, |
| 305 | could actually produce more nuclear waste per unit of electricity than their larger reactor counterparts. | 实际上,每单位电力产生的核废料比较大的反应堆产生的核废料要多。 |
| 306 | In Europe and the US, they have got to relearn some of the skills | 在欧洲和美国 他们必须重新学习一些技能 |
| 307 | that have been atrophying over the past decades. | 过去数十年里,这种资源一直在萎缩。 |
| 308 | But there's no reason that they cannot overcome the challenge. | 但是,他们没有理由不能克服挑战. |
| 309 | Whether nuclear power is going to increase from 20% of generation in the US | 核能是否会从美国20%的发电量增加 |
| 310 | to 30% or 40% of generation in the future is largely a function of other technologies. | 未来30%或40%的发电量主要取决于其他技术。 |
| 311 | It's a function of whether gas frackers are going to be willing to forego market share | 这取决于燃气裂缝是否愿意放弃市场份额 |
| 312 | of their product. | 他们的产品。 |
| 313 | It's going to be a function of whether we find new ways | 这取决于我们是否找到新的方法 |
| 314 | of making cheap batteries to store wind or solar power. | 制造廉价电池储存风力或太阳能 |
| 315 | It's going to take a few years, but by the early 2030s, I'm pretty confident | 需要几年时间,但到20世纪30年代初,我相当有信心 |
| 316 | we're going to have more nuclear power plants and more different nuclear technologies in operation. | 我们将有更多的核电站 和更多的不同的核技术运行。 |
| 317 | There's real momentum behind nuclear right now. | 核子现在有真正的动力 |
| 318 | Money, attention, ambition, social media influence. | 金钱,注意力,野心,社交媒体影响力. |
| 319 | But this is an industry that moves famously slow, with enormous bills that pile fast. | 但是这个行业的动作非常缓慢, 巨大的钞票迅速堆积。 |
| 320 | And if the newly forming uranium supply chain begins to topple, | 如果新形成的铀供应链开始倾覆, |
| 321 | the whole nuclear renaissance could collapse. | 整个核复兴会崩溃 |
| 322 | So for all its promise, the path to true energy independence remains anything but certain. | 因此,对于它的所有承诺来说,实现真正能源独立的道路仍然是肯定的。 |
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