法里德观点：川普打击高等教育动摇了科学基石 | 2025.4

法里德观点：川普打击高等教育动摇了科学基石 | 2025.4.28 | 美剧级别字幕

发布于 2025-04-27 · 时长 5:46

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:01	First, here's my take.	首先,这是我的主意。
0:03	As the Trump administration floods the zone with one radical shift after the other, the	当特朗普政府将该地区淹没时,
0:09	tariff hikes have gotten the most attention.	关税的提高得到了最大的关注。
0:11	But the policy that could end up costing the United States even more in the long run is	但从长远来看,美国的代价可能更高
0:17	the Trump administration's assault on the universities and on research more broadly.	特朗普政府攻击大学和更广泛的研究。
0:23	America has led the world in science for so long that it's easy to believe that this has	美国在科学领域领导世界如此之久很容易相信
0:28	always been one of the country's natural strengths.	永远是国家的自然优势之一。
0:32	In fact, in the 19th and early 20th century, America was more a follower than a leader.	事实上,在19世纪和20世纪初,美国更是追随者而非领袖.
0:37	British industrialists often complained about American businesses stealing their technology	英国实业家经常抱怨美国企业偷窃他们的技术
0:43	and violating their patents.	并侵犯他们的专利。

展开字幕全文（75 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	First, here's my take.	首先,这是我的主意。
2	As the Trump administration floods the zone with one radical shift after the other, the	当特朗普政府将该地区淹没时,
3	tariff hikes have gotten the most attention.	关税的提高得到了最大的关注。
4	But the policy that could end up costing the United States even more in the long run is	但从长远来看,美国的代价可能更高
5	the Trump administration's assault on the universities and on research more broadly.	特朗普政府攻击大学和更广泛的研究。
6	America has led the world in science for so long that it's easy to believe that this has	美国在科学领域领导世界如此之久很容易相信
7	always been one of the country's natural strengths.	永远是国家的自然优势之一。
8	In fact, in the 19th and early 20th century, America was more a follower than a leader.	事实上,在19世纪和20世纪初,美国更是追随者而非领袖.
9	British industrialists often complained about American businesses stealing their technology	英国实业家经常抱怨美国企业偷窃他们的技术
10	and violating their patents.	并侵犯他们的专利。
11	In the first years of the 20th century, the country that walked away with the most Nobel	在20世纪的头几年里,那个带着最诺贝尔奖离开的国家
12	prizes in science was Germany, with one-third of all the awards.	科学奖是德国的,占所有奖项的三分之一。
13	Next was Britain, with almost 20%.	接下来是英国,几乎占20%。
14	The U.S. took just 6% of the Nobel's in science.	美国在科学方面只拿了诺贝尔的6%.
15	Three powerful forces transformed the scientific landscape in the mid-20th century.	三股强大的力量在20世纪中叶改变了科学景观.
16	The first was Hitler, who drove a generation of the best scientific minds in Europe, many	第一个是希特勒,他驾驶了欧洲一代最优秀的科学人才,很多人
17	of them Jewish, to seek refuge in America.	他们中的犹太人,到美国避难。
18	Of Germany's Nobel prizes in science won by 1932, about a quarter were won by Jews,	在德国1932年获得的诺贝尔科学奖中,约四分之一由犹太人获得,
19	who made up less than 1% of the German population.	他们占德国人口的不到1%。
20	Many of these scientists came to America and formed the backbone of its scientific establishment.	许多这些科学家来到美国,形成了其科学机构的支柱.
21	After the 1965 immigration reform, the U.S. continued to attract the best minds in the	1965年移民改革后,美国继续吸引了美国最优秀的人才.
22	world, many from China and India, who would come to study, then stay and build research	世界,许多来自中国和印度, 他们将来研究, 然后留下来和建立研究
23	labs and technology companies.	实验室和技术公司。
24	The second force was the two world wars.	第二股力量是两次世界大战。
25	By 1945, Britain, France and most of all Germany had been utterly devastated, with millions	到了1945年,英国,法国和所有德国都遭受了彻底的破坏,有数百万人
26	of their citizens dead, their cities reduced to rubble, and their governments crippled	城市变成废墟,政府瘫痪
27	with mountains of debt.	以累累累的山岳盟誓,
28	The Soviet Union came out of World War II victorious, but having lost around 24 million	苏联在二战中获胜但损失了2400万
29	people in the conflict.	人们在冲突中。
30	The U.S. by contrast, emerged in 1945 utterly dominant, economically, technologically and	1945年,美国在经济、技术和经济方面完全处于主导地位。
31	militarily.	军事上
32	The third force that propelled the U.S. forward was the visionary decision by the American	推动美国前进的第三支力量是美国人有远见的决定
33	government to become a massive funder of basic science.	政府会成为基础科学的大量资助者。
34	During the 1950s, total research and development spending in the U.S. reached nearly 2.5% of	1950年代,美国的研究与开发总开支接近2.5%。
35	GDP, the majority of such spending on the planet.	国内生产总值,这种支出的大部分用于全球。
36	And it did so by creating an innovative model.	它通过创建创新模式来做到这一点。
37	Universities around the country, public and private, competed for government research	全国公立和私立大学竞争政府研究
38	funds.	资金。
39	The federal government wrote the checks but did not try to run the programs themselves.	联邦政府写了支票,但没有试图自己管理方案。
40	That competition and freedom created the modern American scientific establishment, the most	这种竞争和自由创造了现代的美国科学机构,
41	successful in human history.	在人类历史上是成功的。
42	All three of these forces are now being reversed.	这三支部队现在都在逆转。
43	The Trump administration is at war with the country's leading universities, threatening	特朗普政府正与国内领先的大学交战,
44	them with hostile takeovers and withholding billions of dollars in research funding.	并扣留数十亿美元的研究经费
45	America's crown jewels of science, the National Institutes of Health and the National Science	美国科学之冠宝石国家卫生研究院和国家科学
46	Foundation are being gutted.	基金会正在瓦解。
47	America's second advantage, towering over the rest of the world, has obviously ebbed	美国的第二个优势凌驾于世界其它地方很明显地已经摆脱了
48	since 1945.	从1945年开始。
49	But it is worth pointing out that in the last decade, China has become the world leader	但值得指出的是,在过去十年中,中国已经成为世界领先者
50	in many key measures of science.	在科学的许多关键尺度中。
51	China has a larger share than America of articles published in the leading 82 scientific journals	中国在主要82种科学期刊上发表的文章中所占的份额大于美国
52	that the Nature Index tracks.	自然指数追踪。
53	In engineering and technology articles, China is also now well ahead of the United States.	在工程技术文章方面,中国现在也远远领先于美国.
54	In patent applications, there is no longer any contest.	在专利申请中,不再有任何竞争.
55	China receives almost half of all applications in the world.	中国接收的申请几乎占世界所有申请的一半.
56	And even in leading universities, China has gone from having 27 in the top 500 in 2010	即使在领先的大学,中国也已经从2010年的500强中突破了27强
57	to 76 in 2020 by one measure.	2020年通过一项措施将76人改为76人。
58	The U.S. has gone in the other direction, from 154 to 133.	美国向另一个方向发展,从154到133.
59	The final advantage that the United States has, and one that China could not match, is	美国拥有的最后优势,以及中国无法匹敌的优势,是:
60	that it attracts the world's best and brightest.	吸引全世界最优秀和最聪明的人
61	Between 2000 and 2014, over one-third of the Americans who won Nobel Prizes in science	2000年至2014年,超过三分之一的美国人获得了诺贝尔科学奖.
62	were immigrants.	他们是移民。
63	In 2019, almost 40% of all software developers were immigrants.	2019年,近40%的软件开发者是移民.
64	And in the major cancer centers, in 2015, the percentage of immigrants ranged from around	在主要的癌症中心,2015年,移民的百分比在大约100人左右。
65	30% in Fred Hutchinson to 62% at MD Anderson.	弗雷德·哈钦森的30%到MD安德森的62%.
66	But this is changing fast.	但变化很快
67	Students are being rounded up to be deported, and graduate students and researchers from	学生被围捕驱逐研究生和研究人员
68	China now face the prospect of constant FBI investigations.	中国现在面临联邦调查局不断调查的前景。
69	China has created generous incentives to welcome its best and brightest back home.	中国创造了慷慨的奖励措施,欢迎其最好和最聪明的回国。
70	Many others are choosing to go elsewhere, from Europe to Canada to Australia.	还有许多人选择去其他地方,从欧洲到加拿大到澳大利亚。
71	Last month, Nature magazine asked its readers, who are American researchers, whether they	上个月,《自然》杂志问读者,谁是美国研究人员,他们是否
72	were thinking of leaving this country.	考虑离开这个国家
73	Of the more than 1,600 who responded, a stunning 75% said that they were.	在1600多位回应者中,惊人的75%的人说他们是.
74	These are the building blocks of America's extraordinary strength, created over the last	这些是美国非凡力量的构件由最后创造
75	100 years, and they are now being dismantled in 100 days.	100年,现在它们正在100天内拆除。

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