法里德观点：现代自由主义的两个深层次失败 | 2026.7.
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:02 | Two recent events on opposite sides of the Atlantic point to the same problem. | 大西洋两岸最近发生的两起事件也指出了同样的问题。 |
| 0:06 | In the United Kingdom, the man widely expected to replace the stately Sir Keir Starmer as | 在英国,这个男人被广泛期望 取代州立的基尔·斯塔默爵士 |
| 0:12 | prime minister is Andy Berman, who touts business-friendly socialism as his credo. | 总理是安迪·伯曼(Andy Berman),他将有利于商业的社会主义视为他的教义. |
| 0:19 | In New York, Democratic primary elections produced striking victories for Democratic | 在纽约,民主初级选举为民主赢得了惊人的胜利。 |
| 0:24 | socialists, suggesting that the insurgent left has found a way to turn protest into | 社会主义者认为,叛乱者离开后,找到了一种方法,将抗议转化为 |
| 0:31 | A caveat. | 提醒你一下 说吧 |
| 0:33 | The left is not marching uniformly toward socialism. | 左派并非统一走向社会主义. |
| 0:37 | Many primaries outside New York City were won by moderate Democrats. | 纽约市以外的许多初选被温和的民主党人赢得. |
| 0:41 | In a swing district just outside the city, the combat veteran Kate Connolly won handily. | 在市外的一个摇摆区 战利品老兵凯特·康诺利(Kate Connolly) 轻松获胜 |
| 0:48 | But a certain kind of liberalism is losing energy, confidence and connection to the people | 但某种自由主义 正在失去精力,信心和联系 |
展开字幕全文（161 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Two recent events on opposite sides of the Atlantic point to the same problem. | 大西洋两岸最近发生的两起事件也指出了同样的问题。 |
| 2 | In the United Kingdom, the man widely expected to replace the stately Sir Keir Starmer as | 在英国,这个男人被广泛期望 取代州立的基尔·斯塔默爵士 |
| 3 | prime minister is Andy Berman, who touts business-friendly socialism as his credo. | 总理是安迪·伯曼(Andy Berman),他将有利于商业的社会主义视为他的教义. |
| 4 | In New York, Democratic primary elections produced striking victories for Democratic | 在纽约,民主初级选举为民主赢得了惊人的胜利。 |
| 5 | socialists, suggesting that the insurgent left has found a way to turn protest into | 社会主义者认为,叛乱者离开后,找到了一种方法,将抗议转化为 |
| 6 | A caveat. | 提醒你一下 说吧 |
| 7 | The left is not marching uniformly toward socialism. | 左派并非统一走向社会主义. |
| 8 | Many primaries outside New York City were won by moderate Democrats. | 纽约市以外的许多初选被温和的民主党人赢得. |
| 9 | In a swing district just outside the city, the combat veteran Kate Connolly won handily. | 在市外的一个摇摆区 战利品老兵凯特·康诺利(Kate Connolly) 轻松获胜 |
| 10 | But a certain kind of liberalism is losing energy, confidence and connection to the people | 但某种自由主义 正在失去精力,信心和联系 |
| 11 | it claims to represent. | 它声称代表。 |
| 12 | In his book, The Revolutionary Center, A Brilliant New Intellectual History of Liberalism | 在他的书"革命中心"中,自由主义的辉煌新知识史 |
| 13 | from the Enlightenment to the Present, Adrian Woolridge reminds us that liberalism was once | 从启蒙到现在,阿德里安·伍尔里奇提醒我们,自由主义曾经是 |
| 14 | the most radical force in politics. | 最激进的政治力量。 |
| 15 | It attacked inherited privilege, monopoly power, censorship, aristocracy, clerical authority | 它攻击了继承的特权,垄断权,审查权,贵族统治权,文书权 |
| 16 | and closed guilds. | 并关闭盾牌。 |
| 17 | It was not the ideology of the establishment. | 这不是这个机构的意识形态。 |
| 18 | It was the battering ram against the establishment. | 这是打击公羊对企业。 |
| 19 | Today, liberalism has become identified with power. | 今天,自由主义已经与权力被认同. |
| 20 | Great universities, foundations, media organizations, corporations, bureaucracies of all kinds. | 伟大的大学,基金会,媒体组织,公司,各种官僚机构. |
| 21 | Woolridge argues that this has produced two deep failures. | 伍尔里奇认为这造成了两个深刻的失败. |
| 22 | The first is passivity. | 第一种是被动. |
| 23 | Modern liberalism, certainly since the 1990s, has celebrated free markets and free people. | 现代自由主义,当然自1990年代以来,就一直庆祝自由市场和自由人民. |
| 24 | In practice, this has meant deregulating both economic life and personal life and then treating | 实际上,这意味着解除对经济生活和个人生活的管制,然后治疗 |
| 25 | the consequences as the price of freedom. | 后果是自由的代价。 |
| 26 | In markets, this has allowed corporate consolidation to run wild. | 在市场上,这让公司合并变得疯狂。 |
| 27 | In personal life, liberals have become reluctant to say that certain behaviors are socially | 在个人生活中,自由主义者开始不愿说某些行为是社会性的 |
| 28 | destructive. | 破坏性的。 |
| 29 | The result is liberal fatalism. | 结果是自由宿命论. |
| 30 | People camp out on city streets, addicted and mentally ill, and liberals often just | 人们露营 在城市街道上, 瘾君子和精神病患者, 自由主义者常常只是 |
| 31 | describe this as a housing problem. | 将此描述为住房问题。 |
| 32 | Millions suffer from obesity-related illnesses and liberals are more comfortable blaming | 数百万人患有与肥胖有关的疾病 自由主义者更愿意指责 |
| 33 | food deserts than taking on the companies that hook their customers on processed food. | 食物荒芜 而不是让那些 给客户带来加工食品的公司 |
| 34 | Social media companies do the same with their consumers' attention. | 社会媒体公司同样关注消费者。 |
| 35 | Woolridge calls for a revival of liberal paternalism. | 伍尔里奇呼吁恢复自由主义家长制. |
| 36 | The phrase grates on modern years, but a liberal society should celebrate individual rights | 这句歌词歌颂现代,但自由社会应颂扬个人权利 |
| 37 | and also demand individual responsibility. | 并要求个人承担责任。 |
| 38 | It should understand that freedom can be destroyed not only by the state, but also by addiction, | 它应该明白,自由不仅可以被国家摧毁,而且还可以被毒瘾摧毁, |
| 39 | monopoly, crime, ignorance and dependence. | 垄断、犯罪、无知和依赖。 |
| 40 | This is not an argument for socialism, it's an argument for truer liberalism. | 这不是社会主义的论点,而是真正自由主义的论点. |
| 41 | Liberals should love markets not because they allow the strong to dominate or inequality | 自由主义者应该热爱市场,而不是因为他们让强者支配或不平等 |
| 42 | to grow, but because genuine competition allows the little guy to challenge the strong. | 但因为真正的竞争 能让小家伙挑战强者 |
| 43 | A healthy market is not one in which four companies quietly divide up an industry and | 一个健康的市场不是四个公司悄悄地将一个行业和 |
| 44 | use lawyers, lobbyists and algorithms to keep challengers out. | 使用律师,说客和算法来阻止挑战者. |
| 45 | It's one in which new entrants can rise, consumers can choose, workers can move and | 这是一种新进入者可以上升,消费者可以选择,工人可以移动和 |
| 46 | incumbents can fail. | 任职者可能失败。 |
| 47 | The second failure Woolridge identifies is more uncomfortable because it concerns liberals | 第二次失败 伍尔里奇发现 更不舒服 因为涉及到自由主义者 |
| 48 | own status. | 自身地位。 |
| 49 | Liberalism believes in meritocracy. | 自由主义信仰功绩主义. |
| 50 | Historically, this was one of its noblest causes. | 历史上,这是其最崇高的事业之一. |
| 51 | It argued that people should rise by talent and effort, not birth, race, caste or class. | 它主张,人们应该靠才华和努力,而不是出身、种族、种姓或阶级。 |
| 52 | But over time, the meritocratic elite has hardened into its own aristocracy. | 但随着时间的推移,英才精英们已经硬化为自己的贵族. |
| 53 | Elite liberals support social justice, but do little to dismantle legacy admissions. | 精英自由主义者支持社会正义,但对于拆除遗留的招生很少做. |
| 54 | They want the poor to move up the ladder, but not if that requires building more housing | 他们想让穷人爬上阶梯,但如果这需要建造更多的住房,就不要 |
| 55 | in the leafy neighborhoods where they live. | 在他们居住的多叶地区。 |
| 56 | They praise individual merit, but have created a vast diversity bureaucracy that too often | 他们赞扬个人的功绩,但是却造就了繁多的官僚主义,这种官僚主义常常是 |
| 57 | judges people by group identity rather than individual character. | 以群体身份而不是个人特征来评判人。 |
| 58 | Nowhere is this clearer than K-12 education. | 最清楚的莫过于K-12教育。 |
| 59 | A genuinely liberal politics would start with the child, and it would attack any institution | 真正的自由政治会从孩子开始 它会攻击任何机构 |
| 60 | Union, bureaucracy, school board, university department that feeds its own power while | 工会、官僚机构、学校董事会、大学部门 既能养活自己的力量 |
| 61 | failing America's children. | 辜负了美国的孩子 |
| 62 | This is where democratic socialists and right-wing populists gain their power. | 这就是民主社会主义者和右翼民粹主义者获得权力的地方. |
| 63 | They understand that people want someone to fight for them. | 他们明白人们希望有人为他们而战. |
| 64 | They may offer bad answers, the left with class warfare, protectionism and state control | 他们可能会提供糟糕的答案, 左边有阶级战争,保护主义和国家控制 |
| 65 | and the right with protectionism, ethnic resentment and racial nostalgia. | 以及带有保护主义、民族怨恨和种族怀旧的权利。 |
| 66 | But they sound like outsiders willing to take on entrenched privilege, and they offer protection | 但他们听起来像外人 愿意承担根深蒂固的特权, 他们提供保护 |
| 67 | in a world where freedom seems to mean chaos. | 在一个自由似乎意味着混乱的世界里 |
| 68 | The way out of liberalism's crisis is not to abandon liberalism, it's to recover its | 自由主义危机的出路不是放弃自由主义 而是恢复自由主义 |
| 69 | radical spirit. | 激进的精神。 |
| 70 | Liberals should once again be the people who hate monopoly, inherited advantage, closed | 自由主义者应该再次成为那些 憎恨垄断、 继承优势、封闭 |
| 71 | systems and rig games. | 系统和钻机游戏。 |
| 72 | They should champion real competition, real meritocracy and real equality of opportunity. | 他们应该捍卫真正的竞争、真正的精英统治和真正的机会平等。 |
| 73 | They should take on corporate power when it crushes markets, government power when it | 当公司粉碎市场时 他们应该掌握公司权力 当政府权力 |
| 74 | protects insiders and cultural power when it creates bureaucracies that substitute group | 建立替代团体的官僚机构时保护内部人士和文化力量 |
| 75 | identity for individual dignity. | 个人尊严的身份。 |
| 76 | As Woolridge argues, the center cannot be merely a midpoint between left and right. | 正如伍尔里奇认为的那样,中心不能仅仅是左中点和右中点. |
| 77 | It has to be revolutionary in its own way. | 必须以自己的方式进行革命. |
| 78 | Liberalism's great promise was never that people would be left alone to decay in freedom. | 自由主义的伟大承诺是,永远不要让人民独自在自由中衰落. |
| 79 | It was that people would be given the tools, rules and responsibilities necessary to flourish. | 正是人们将获得繁荣所必需的工具、规则和责任。 |
| 80 | Liberalism began as a revolt against encrusted power. | 自由主义开始于反抗被征服的权力的起义. |
| 81 | It will survive only if it becomes one again. | 只有它再次成为一体,它才会生存下去。 |
| 82 | What I wonder about is the degree to which we have become tribalized. | 我想知道,我们在多大程度上已经部落化了。 |
| 83 | So I give you an example. | 所以我给你一个例子。 |
| 84 | You know, one of the things I have argued for a while is this is not about economics. | 你知道,我曾经争论过的问题之一 并不是经济学。 |
| 85 | It's really about these deep cultural changes. | 这是关于这些深刻的文化变化。 |
| 86 | And how do I know this? | 我怎么会知道? |
| 87 | Because rather than economics informing people's politics, it's actually the opposite. | 因为与其说是经济学为人们提供政治信息,反而实际上是相反的. |
| 88 | It's politics that informs the economics. | 是政治给经济带来信息 |
| 89 | What do I mean? | 我说什么? |
| 90 | If you look into 2016, most Republicans felt that the economy in 2016, the Obama economy, | 如果你看看2016年,大多数共和党人认为2016年的经济,奥巴马经济, |
| 91 | was terrible. | 简直太可怕了 |
| 92 | When Trump gets elected, they've changed their minds. | 川普当选后,他们改变了主意. |
| 93 | They think the same economy is doing fantastically. | 他们认为同样的经济 正在做惊人的。 |
| 94 | And Democrats think exactly the opposite. | 而民主党人的想法正好相反. |
| 95 | The Democrats all thought the Obama economy was great. | 民主党都认为奥巴马的经济是伟大的. |
| 96 | And by January 21st, they thought the Trump economy was terrible. | 而到了1月21日,他们认为特朗普经济很糟糕. |
| 97 | So rather than economics shaping their politics, it's politics that is shaping their view of economics. | 因此,与其说经济塑造他们的政治,不如说政治塑造他们经济学的观点。 |
| 98 | And it's become a situation where your tribe is right no matter what. | 而且这变成了一个情况 你的部落是正确的,无论什么。 |
| 99 | It's almost like rooting for a sports team. | 这几乎就像根为体育队。 |
| 100 | You know, the sign of your virtue and loyalty is when you are sticking with your side, | 你知道,你的美德和忠诚的征兆 就是当你坚持你的一边, |
| 101 | even when they are screwing up, right? | 即使他们搞砸了,对不对? |
| 102 | It's easy to be a Bears fan if they were winning. | 如果大熊队赢了就很容易成为球迷. |
| 103 | It's easy to be a Mets fan if they were winning. | 如果他们赢了 很容易成为大都会球迷 |
| 104 | The true test is, are you a Mets fan when they lose? | 真正的考验是,你是一个大都会队的球迷 当他们输了? |
| 105 | So in that environment, even if you and I are right that this thing seems to have had its play, | 所以在那种环境下 即使你和我是对的 这东西似乎有它的作用 |
| 106 | will people actually see that what they voted for is not working? | 难道人们真的会看到他们所投的票是行不通的吗? |
| 107 | And I ask you this because we are at a moment where 75% of the country basically thinks | 我问你,因为我们正处于一个 75%的国家基本上认为 |
| 108 | the Iran war was a bad idea. | 伊朗战争是个坏主意 |
| 109 | But that doesn't seem to translate into any real loss of Republican support for Donald Trump, whose idea it was. | 但是这似乎并没有转化为共和党对唐纳德·特朗普的任何真正支持的丧失,他的想法是. |
| 110 | Yeah. | 对 |
| 111 | First, this is literally true. | 首先,这是真的。 |
| 112 | My Mets hat is in my room right over there. | 我的Mets帽子就在我的房间里 |
| 113 | I'll be wearing it tomorrow, despite the fact that they're absolutely terrible. | 我明天会戴着它 尽管它们绝对可怕 |
| 114 | You know, I bank on a couple of things. | 你知道,我存了一些东西。 |
| 115 | First, what you're describing is the over politicization of American life. | 首先,你所描述的是美国生活的政治化。 |
| 116 | And my view is we're over politicized and under moralized. | 而我的观点是,我们被过度政治化和道德化。 |
| 117 | We talk too much about politics and we use politics as a social therapy to cure our loneliness. | 我们谈论太多政治,我们用政治作为治疗孤独的社会疗法。 |
| 118 | Politics seems to offer you a team, but it doesn't really offer community. | 政治似乎为你们提供了一支团队,但它并没有真正为社区提供. |
| 119 | It seems to offer you righteous action, but you're just tweeting. | 这似乎为您提供了正义的行动, 但你只是微博。 |
| 120 | And I have a feeling that this obsession with politics, which is left and right, | 我有一种感觉, 这种迷恋政治, 这是左右, |
| 121 | it's just going to seem boring after a while. | 过了一段时间 感觉会很无聊 |
| 122 | Donald Trump is a genius at getting us to pay attention to him. | 唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)是一个让我们注意他的天才. |
| 123 | But it's just going to seem boring and we will enter a more less political time. | 但是这看起来很无聊 我们进入的政治时间会减少 |
| 124 | I think we'll also enter a time when optimism does sell. | 我想我们也会进入乐观主义的时代 |
| 125 | And I am not a fan of Mondani's policies, but the guy smiles when he talks. | 我也不是蒙达尼政策的粉丝 但那家伙说话时会笑 |
| 126 | Yeah, and that's a big deal. | 是啊,这是个大问题。 |
| 127 | And he seems to be having a good time. | 他似乎玩得很开心 |
| 128 | He's a total vibe shift from Donald Trump. | 他是唐纳德·特朗普的全貌转变. |
| 129 | And I don't know whether we'll have an ideological vibe shift. | 我不知道我们是否会有意识形态的转变。 |
| 130 | I really think we're going to have a cultural vibe shift. | 我真的觉得我们会有一个文化氛围的转变。 |
| 131 | Finally, I count on two things, both of which you've written a lot about. | 最后,我指望两件事, 你写了很多。 |
| 132 | America and liberalism. | 美国与自由主义. |
| 133 | The belief system, your last book was about liberalism really as a way of life. | 信仰系统,你最后一本书 是关于自由主义 真正作为一种生活方式。 |
| 134 | And when I think of liberalism as a way of life, and you can talk about it more | 当我把自由主义当成一种生活方式的时候 你可以多说说 |
| 135 | than I, but I think of a story I read in a memoir over the year, | 比我,但我想到一个故事 我读在回忆录一年, |
| 136 | a memoir by Viola Davis, which I highly recommend, a great, great memoir. | 维奥拉·戴维斯的回忆录 我极力推荐这本回忆录 |
| 137 | And Viola Davis, the actress, grew up very, very poor, like dirt poor, dirt poor. | 而女演员维奥拉·戴维斯(Viola Davis)则成长得非常,非常穷,就像泥土穷,泥土穷. |
| 138 | And she was in high school and the teacher, she's in drama class. | 而她当时在高中和老师,在戏剧课上. |
| 139 | And the teacher says to the whole classroom, | 老师告诉整个教室, |
| 140 | who wants to be an actor when you grow up? | 长大后谁想当演员? |
| 141 | Every hand goes up. | 每举手. |
| 142 | And then the teacher says, you realize there are auditions. | 然后老师说,你知道有试镜。 |
| 143 | And there are failures. | 还有失败。 |
| 144 | And there's poverty. | 而有贫穷. |
| 145 | And you lose, you get humiliated all the time. | 你输了,就一直被羞辱 |
| 146 | And all the hands start going down. | 所有手开始下垂。 |
| 147 | And finally, there's only one hand in the air. | 最后,只有一只手在空中。 |
| 148 | It's Viola Davis' hand. | 这是维奥拉·戴维斯的手。 |
| 149 | And she writes in this memoir, when you've had your heat shut off, | 她在这本回忆录里写道, 当你的热量关闭, |
| 150 | you've gone to bed hungry. | 你饿了吗? |
| 151 | You're not scared when somebody tells you life is going to be hard. | 当有人告诉你生活会很艰难时 你并不害怕 |
| 152 | And she says, my dreams were bigger than my fear. | 她说,我的梦想比我的恐惧还伟大 |
| 153 | And I think that's woven into the DNA of America, | 我认为这被编织成美国的DNA |
| 154 | to the immigrant people who came here, my family too, a little earlier. | 给来此的移民们,我的家人, 稍早一点。 |
| 155 | And I think it's woven into liberalism. | 我认为它编织成自由主义。 |
| 156 | What Viola Davis just expressed, to me, that's liberalism. | 维奥拉·戴维斯刚才对我表达的 那是自由主义 |
| 157 | You can start from nothing. | 你可以从没有开始。 |
| 158 | You have freedom. | 你拥有自由。 |
| 159 | You have ladders. | 你有梯子。 |
| 160 | If you want it and you have the hunger in your heart, | 如果你想要,你心里有饥饿, |
| 161 | you can become Viola Davis. | 你可以成为维奥拉戴维斯。 |
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