【单词速记】社会学领域-98个高频词汇｜视频结尾有词汇总览表

发布于 2026-11-05 · 时长 15:13

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:00		本期主题
0:04	Society	社会
0:07	Every society develops its own customs and laws over time.	每个社会都随着时间的推移发展自己的习俗和法律。
0:12	Community	社区
0:16	The local community gathered to discuss neighborhood safety.	当地社区聚集一堂讨论邻里安全.
0:20	Culture	文化
0:23	Understanding another culture requires open-mindedness and patience.	了解另一种文化需要开明和耐心。
0:28	Norm	规范
0:31	In this workplace, arriving on time is a strict social norm.	在这个工作场所,准时抵达是严格的社会规范。
0:36	Value	数值

展开字幕全文（196 条）

序号	英文	中文
1		本期主题
2	Society	社会
3	Every society develops its own customs and laws over time.	每个社会都随着时间的推移发展自己的习俗和法律。
4	Community	社区
5	The local community gathered to discuss neighborhood safety.	当地社区聚集一堂讨论邻里安全.
6	Culture	文化
7	Understanding another culture requires open-mindedness and patience.	了解另一种文化需要开明和耐心。
8	Norm	规范
9	In this workplace, arriving on time is a strict social norm.	在这个工作场所,准时抵达是严格的社会规范。
10	Value	数值
11	Honesty is a core value taught in most societies.	诚实是大多数社会教授的核心价值。
12	Institution	机构
13	The family is a fundamental institution in every society.	家庭是每个社会的基本机构。
14	Socialization	社会化
15	Socialization begins in childhood and continues throughout our lives.	社会化始于童年,并贯穿我们的一生。
16	Identity	身份
17	A person's identity is shaped by their social environment.	一个人的身份是由他们的社会环境塑造的.
18	Interaction	互动
19	Daily interaction with others builds strong social bonds.	与其他人的日常互动建立了牢固的社会纽带。
20	Group	组
21	Each group in society develops its own distinct norms.	社会各群体各自制定各自不同的规范.
22	Stratification	分级
23	Social stratification affects access to education and health care.	社会分层影响获得教育和保健的机会。
24	Inequality	不平等
25	Economic inequality remains a major topic of social research.	经济不平等仍然是社会研究的一个主要议题。
26	Class	类
27	Social class often determines opportunities for quality education and stable employment.	社会阶层往往决定优质教育和稳定就业的机会。
28	Caste	种姓
29	The caste system historically limited social interaction and occupational choices in India.	种姓制度历来限制了印度的社会互动和职业选择。
30	Status	状态
31	Educational attainment significantly affects an individual's social status in modern societies.	受教育程度严重影响个人在现代社会中的社会地位。
32	Prestige	预览
33	Certain professions carry high prestige, influencing how people perceive their social worth.	某些职业具有很高的声望,影响人们如何看待其社会价值。
34	Wealth	财富
35	Wealth provides families with resources that can be passed down across generations.	财富为家庭提供了世代相传的资源。
36	Income	收入
37	A steady income helps households maintain stability, but does not guarantee upward mobility.	稳定的收入有助于家庭保持稳定,但不能保证向上流动。
38	Poverty	贫穷
39	Childhood poverty may limit academic achievement and long-term career prospects.	儿童贫困可能限制学业成绩和长期职业前景。
40	Welfare	福利
41	Welfare programs aim to reduce inequality by providing a basic safety net.	福利方案旨在通过提供基本安全网减少不平等。
42	Mobility	流动
43	High social mobility suggests a society where talent can overcome family background.	高度的社会流动性表明,一个人才能够克服家庭背景的社会。
44	Meritocracy	功绩
45	In a meritocracy, individual achievement should matter more than inherited privilege.	在任人唯贤的统治中,个人的成就应比继承的特权更重要。
46	Elitism	以利主义
47	Critics argue that admissions policies often reinforce elitism and exclude disadvantaged groups.	批评者认为,录取政策往往强化精英主义,排斥弱势群体。
48	Underclass	下级
49	The urban underclass often faces persistent unemployment and inadequate housing conditions.	城市下层阶层往往面临持续失业和住房条件不足的问题。
50	Exclusion	不适用情况
51	Social exclusion can limit access to jobs, housing, and health care.	社会排斥可限制就业、住房和保健。
52	Family	家庭
53	The family is a primary agent of socialization in every society.	家庭是每个社会中社会化的主要推动者。
54	Marriage	结婚
55	Marriage often creates legal and economic bonds between two households.	婚姻往往在两个家庭之间建立法律和经济联系。
56	Kinship	金刚石
57	Kinship systems shape how groups organize care, inheritance, and duties.	亲属制度决定了团体如何组织照料、继承和义务。
58	Education	学历
59	Education both transmits knowledge and reproduces social inequality across generations.	教育既能传递知识,又能复制代代相传的社会不平等。
60	Religion	宗教
61	Religion can unify communities but also reinforce existing social boundaries.	宗教可以统一社区,但也可以加强现有的社会界限。
62	Economy	经济
63	The economy influences marriage rates, family structures, and social mobility.	经济影响婚姻率、家庭结构和社会流动性。
64	Polity	政界
65	A polity organizes power, authority, and collective decision-making for a community.	一个政体为社区组织权力、权威和集体决策。
66	Law	法律
67	Law reflects social norms and shapes everyday interactions between citizens.	法律反映社会规范,塑造公民之间的日常互动.
68	Medicine	医药
69	Medicine is a social institution that defines health and illness.	医学是界定健康和疾病的社会机构.
70	Media	媒体
71	The media influenced public opinion and framed social problems in modern societies.	媒体影响舆论,在现代社会中陷害社会问题.
72	Modernization	现代化
73	Modernization transforms traditional institutions, family ties, and community bonds worldwide.	现代化改造了世界各地的传统机构、家庭关系和社区纽带。
74	Industrialization	工业化
75	The industrialization of rural regions transformed local economies and social structures.	农村地区的工业化改变了地方经济和社会结构。
76	Urbanization	城市化
77	Rapid urbanization created new challenges for housing, infrastructure, and community bonds.	快速城市化给住房、基础设施和社区债券带来了新的挑战。
78	Globalization	全球化
79	Globalization connects distant societies, reshaping cultural identities and economic systems.	全球化将遥远的社会联系在一起,重新塑造文化特征和经济制度。
80	Development	联合国
81	Sociologists study how international development policies impact local communities and labor markets.	社会学家研究国际发展政策如何影响当地社区和劳动力市场。
82	Progress	进展
83	Social progress is often measured by improved living standards and greater equality.	衡量社会进步的标准往往是生活水平的提高和更大的平等。
84	Tradition	传统
85	Tradition can preserve cultural identity but sometimes slows necessary social change.	传统可以保持文化特性,但有时会减缓必要的社会变革。
86	Postmodernity	后现代性
87	Postmodernity challenges grand narratives about reason, truth, and social order.	后现代挑战关于理性、真理和社会秩序的宏伟叙事。
88	Reflexivity	弹性
89	In qualitative research, reflexivity requires constant awareness of the researcher's own biases.	在定性研究中,反射性要求不断意识到研究者自身的偏见.
90	Change	变动
91	Social change emerges from collective action, shifting norms, and technological innovation.	社会变革产生于集体行动、改变规范和技术革新。
92	Deviance	绕行
93	Deviance is behavior that violates social norms but may vary across cultural contexts.	偏离是违反社会规范的行为,但可能因文化背景而异。
94	Crime	犯罪情况
95	Crime rates often reflect broader patterns of inequality and social injustice.	犯罪率往往反映出更广泛的不平等和社会不公正模式。
96	Delinquency	犯罪
97	Juvenile delinquency is studied as a result of family, school, and neighborhood factors.	青少年犯罪是家庭、学校和邻里因素造成的。
98	Stigma	耻辱
99	The stigma surrounding mental illness often prevents people from seeking help.	围绕精神疾病的耻辱往往使人们无法寻求帮助。
100	Labeling	标签
101	Labeling theory suggests that society's reactions can reinforce deviant behavior.	标签理论认为社会的反应可以强化异常行为.
102	Enemy	敌人
103	Durkheim linked enemy to the breakdown of social norms during rapid change.	杜尔克海姆将敌人与快速变化期间社会规范的崩溃联系起来.
104	Alienation	异化
105	Worker alienation arises when people feel disconnected from their labor.	当人们感到与劳动脱节时,工人就产生了疏远。
106	Control	控件
107	Social control mechanisms keep individual behavior aligned with group expectations.	社会控制机制保持个人行为符合群体期望.
108	Sanction	制裁
109	A formal sanction may include fines or imprisonment for violating laws.	正式制裁可包括对违法者的罚款或监禁。
110	Conformity	符合规定
111	Conformity within a group often comes at the expense of personal expression.	团体内部的符合性往往以个人言论为代价。
112	Gender	性别
113	Gender roles are socially constructed rather than biologically fixed.	性别角色是社会结构的,而不是生物固定的。
114	Sex	性别
115	Sex is typically assigned at birth based on biological characteristics.	通常在出生时根据生物特征进行性别分配。
116	Sexuality	性行为
117	Sociologists study how culture shapes sexuality in intimate relationships.	社会学家研究文化如何塑造亲密关系中的性.
118	Feminism	女权主义
119	Feminism seeks to understand and challenge systemic gender inequalities.	女性主义寻求理解并挑战系统性的性别不平等。
120	Patriarchy	父权制
121	Patriarchy describes a social system dominated by men in authority.	父权制描述一种由男性掌权者主导的社会制度.
122	Race	种族
123	Sociologists study how race shapes social identity and access to power.	社会学家研究种族如何塑造社会认同和获得权力.
124	Ethnicity	族裔
125	Ethnicity often ties people to share traditions, language, and ancestry.	种族往往将人们联系在一起,分享传统、语言和祖先。
126	Minority	少数民族
127	A minority group may face unequal treatment despite legal protections.	尽管得到法律保护,少数群体可能面临不平等待遇。
128	Racism	种族主义
129	Institutional racism can limit opportunities in housing, education, and work.	体制上的种族主义可以限制住房、教育和工作的机会。
130	Prejudice	偏见
131	Prejudice is an attitude often learned without careful rational examination.	偏见是一种经常在不经过认真理性审查的情况下学会的态度.
132	Discrimination	歧视
133	Discrimination based on race remains a central issue in sociology.	基于种族的歧视仍然是社会学的一个核心问题。
134	Stereotype	陈规定型
135	A stereotype oversimplifies a group and ignores its internal diversity.	一个定型观念过分简化了一个群体,忽视了它内部的多样性。
136	Xenophobia	仇外心理
137	Xenophobia often fuels negative attitudes toward immigrant and refugee groups.	仇外心理往往助长对移民和难民群体的消极态度。
138	Immigration	移民
139	Immigration has reshaped cities through new cultural and economic networks.	移民通过新的文化和经济网络重新塑造了城市。
140	Diaspora	侨民
141	The diaspora preserves cultural ties across generations and national borders.	散居国外的人维护着世代相传和国界之间的文化联系。
142	Demography	人口统计
143	Demography studies birth rates, migration, and population aging over time.	人口学研究出生率、移徙和人口老龄化。
144	Population	人口
145	A society's population structure influences its labor force and policies.	社会的人口结构影响到其劳动力和政策。
146	Urban growth often brings new jobs but also higher housing costs.	城市增长往往带来新的就业机会,但也增加了住房成本。
147	Rural	农村
148	Rural communities may lack access to public transportation and hospitals.	农村社区可能无法使用公共交通和医院。
149	Suburban	郊区
150	Suburban neighborhoods often depend on cars for commuting to city jobs.	郊区街区往往依靠汽车来通勤到城市就业.
151	Ghetto	盖托
152	The term ghetto historically referred to segregated urban districts in Europe.	犹太区一词在历史上是指欧洲被隔离的城市区.
153	Gentrification	转基因
154	Gentrification can displace longtime residents as new businesses move in.	随着新企业的进入,基因化可能会使长期居民流离失所。
155	Neighborhood	邻里
156	Neighborhood ties strengthen when residents share public spaces and events.	当居民共享公共空间和活动时,邻里关系就会加强。
157	Network	网络
158	A strong network helps people find jobs and useful information quickly.	强大的网络有助于人们迅速找到工作和有用的信息。
159	Social capital	社会资本
160	Social capital is the value embedded in networks and trust.	社会资本是嵌入网络和信任的价值.
161	Trust	信托
162	Trust is essential for cooperation between strangers in a modern society.	信任对于现代社会中陌生人之间的合作至关重要。
163	Reciprocity	互惠
164	Reciprocity creates a cycle of mutual support within a community.	对等原则在社区内形成相互支持的循环。
165	Cohesion	团结
166	Social cohesion is strengthened by shared values and civic participation.	共同价值观和公民参与加强了社会凝聚力。
167	Solidarity	团结
168	Solidarity among workers can lead to collective action for better wages.	工人之间的团结可以导致提高工资的集体行动。
169	Conflict	冲突
170	Social conflict often arises when groups compete for limited resources.	当群体争夺有限的资源时,往往会发生社会冲突。
171	Cooperation	合作
172	International cooperation helps sociologists compare patterns across different societies and systems.	国际合作有助于社会学家比较不同社会和系统的模式。
173	Movement	移动
174	The civil rights movement transformed American society through collective action.	民权运动通过集体行动改造了美国社会.
175	Protest	抗议
176	The protest challenged established norms and demanded meaningful social change.	抗议活动挑战既定准则,要求进行有意义的社会变革。
177	Activism	行动主义
178	Youth activism has become a powerful force for climate justice.	青年运动已成为气候正义的强大力量。
179	Ideology	意识形态
180	An ideology shapes how citizens interpret inequality and political power.	一种意识形态决定了公民如何解释不平等和政治权力。
181	Hegemony	重金属
182	Cultural hegemony explains why dominant ideas often seem so natural.	文化霸权解释了为什么主导思想往往看起来如此自然。
183	Power	电源
184	Power can operate visibly through laws or invisibly through norms.	权力可以通过法律或规范在无形中明显发挥作用。
185	Authority	权力
186	Traditional authority relies on long-standing customs rather than written rules.	传统权威依赖于长期的习俗而不是书面规则。
187	Bureaucracy	官僚主义
188	Modern bureaucracy can increase efficiency but also create serious inequality.	现代官僚主义可以提高效率,但也会造成严重的不平等。
189	Capitalism	资本主义
190	Capitalism organizes economic life around private profit and market exchange.	资本主义围绕着私人利润和市场交换来组织经济生活.
191	Communism	共产主义
192	Communism historically proposed collective ownership of all major societal resources.	共产主义历史上曾提议集体拥有所有主要社会资源。
193	Socialism	社会主义
194	Many economists debate the efficiency of modern socialism.	许多经济学家争论现代社会主义的效率.
195	Postmodernism	后现代主义
196	Postmodernism challenges the grand narratives of history and truth.	后现代主义挑战历史和真理的宏伟叙事.

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