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【英音】牛津学霸分享:如何写一篇First Class毕业论

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时间英文中文
0:00Hey everyone welcome back to my channel if you are new here then my name is Rosie and I am a recent graduate of the嘿,大家欢迎回到我的频道 如果你是新来的... ...那么我的名字是罗西,我是刚毕业的
0:07University of Oxford牛津大学
0:19Today's video is a really requested one how I got a first on my dissertation and what universities are looking for今天的视频是真正要求的 如何我得到了我的论文的第一个 和大学正在寻找什么
0:27In order to give a first out for a dissertation.以为论文先出.
0:30I didn't write my own dissertation too long ago我很久没有自己写论文了
0:33It was submitted in March它于3月提交
0:362019 is this这是2019年
0:40And I got a 75 out of 100 on my dissertations我论文里有75个
0:44And it has also been nominated for a Quaternary research association undergraduate dissertation prize也获得了Quaternary研究协会本科论文奖的提名
0:53I will find out the results of that in January, but for now it is an award nominated我将在1月份找出结果,但现在它是一个被提名的奖项
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1Hey everyone welcome back to my channel if you are new here then my name is Rosie and I am a recent graduate of the嘿,大家欢迎回到我的频道 如果你是新来的... ...那么我的名字是罗西,我是刚毕业的
2University of Oxford牛津大学
3Today's video is a really requested one how I got a first on my dissertation and what universities are looking for今天的视频是真正要求的 如何我得到了我的论文的第一个 和大学正在寻找什么
4In order to give a first out for a dissertation.以为论文先出.
5I didn't write my own dissertation too long ago我很久没有自己写论文了
6It was submitted in March它于3月提交
72019 is this这是2019年
8And I got a 75 out of 100 on my dissertations我论文里有75个
9And it has also been nominated for a Quaternary research association undergraduate dissertation prize也获得了Quaternary研究协会本科论文奖的提名
10I will find out the results of that in January, but for now it is an award nominated我将在1月份找出结果,但现在它是一个被提名的奖项
11Oxford University first-class dissertation, and I'm never gonna stop telling everyone that because I am so proud of it牛津大学一流的论文, 我永远不会停止告诉大家, 因为我是如此骄傲
12In order to make this video as kind of informative as possible为了让这段视频尽可能丰富多彩
13I've been researching different mark schemes for dissertations for universities across the country我为全国大学的论文研究了不同的评分计划
14I've got York Sheffield Nottingham and Manchester.我有约克·谢菲尔德·诺丁汉和曼彻斯特
15I didn't actually get Oxford's because I can't access it anymore and我实际上没有拿到牛津的 因为我不能再访问它,
16I can pretty much remember what was on it我几乎可以记得它是什么
17I spent so long reading it last year that most of the advice that I give it isn't directly from someone else's mark scheme去年我读了这么多年 大部分建议 不是直接来自别人的记号计划
18It's from the Oxford mark scheme这是牛津的记分计划
19Just on that note if you're revising for anything or writing anything looking at the mark schemes for things is如果你正在修改任何内容 或写任何关于事物的标记计划
20Such a good way of making sure that you are on the right track这么好的方式确保你走在正确的轨道上
21There's absolutely no point doing all this revision and writing essay after essay做这些修改和写散文绝对没有意义
22If you don't look at mark schemes to see if you're actually you know including everything that they want如果你不看标记计划 看看你是否真的知道 包括他们想要的一切
23So just a side tip所以只是侧倾
24French Italian意大利法语
25Structure is at the top of every single mark scheme that I could find and on Manchester's mark scheme在曼彻斯特的记分计划上 结构是每个记分计划的顶部
26It's said to get into the 80s and 90s.据说进入八十九十年代.
27You need to have a coherent polished and fluent structure你需要有一个连贯的 抛光和流畅的结构
28So a coherent macro structure is referring to the title and overarching sections of your dissertation including headings因此,一个连贯的宏观结构是指您论文的标题和总括部分,包括标题
29subheadings references and参考和
30Appendices now these are kind of like the skeleton of your dissertation and when I was writing mine现在的附录 有点像 你论文的骨架 当我写我的
31I made sure that I kind of had an overall document where I'd written out我确信我有一份完整的文件 我写了出来
32Every section that I planned on having at the beginning whether or not I continued all of those sections through我计划开始的每个部分 是否继续这些部分
33this is what I plan to have done and这就是我打算做的
34It meant that I did have a skeleton that I could follow and it really helped me personally意思是,我确实有一个骨架,我可以跟踪, 它真的帮助了我个人
35Because it meant that I wasn't just kind of throwing ideas left right and center and I can actually plan out when I was going因为这意味着我不只是 扔想法 左和中,我实际上可以计划 当我去
36To attack different sections what research I needed for different sections要攻击不同的部分 我需要研究的不同部分
37It just basically helped me to formulate a more coherent idea of what I was actually going to do because a dissertation基本上,它帮助我 提出一个更一致的想法 我实际上要做什么 因为论文
38is hard很难
39So the coherency and the fluency of your overall structure does translate down to the lower first class所以,你整体结构的一致性和流畅性 已经转化为下一级
40Points which is kind of where I was sat in the 75我坐在75号的点上
4170 to 90 on Manchester's list says that it is lacking polish to get to this polish stage曼彻斯特名单上的70到90人 说没有油光进入这个油光舞台
42you would have to be redrafting lots and lots of times I你不得不重新起草很多次
43drafted my chapters起草我的章节
44Individually, so I didn't wait until I'd got a whole thing before I sent it off就我个人而言,所以我没有等到我得到了一个整件事之后,才把它送走
45And I know for me that would have made me panic because I wouldn't have had the feedback我知道那会让我恐慌 因为我不会得到反馈
46Along the way that I needed to make sure I was on the right track沿着我需要的路 确保我是正确的轨道
47So what I did is essentially whenever I'd written quite a lot所以,我所做的基本上 每当我写了很多
48I would send it to my supervisor and he would look through it be like this is what I我会把它寄给我的主管 他会看穿它
49Don't think should be in here.不要认为应该在这里。
50I think these should go the other way around我觉得这些应该换个地方
51I think this should be in this section not this section and that really helped me then to我认为应该放在这一节,而不是这一节,这真的帮助了我
52Adjust the plans that I had got ready in terms of the skeleton that I've discussed根据我讨论过的骨架调整我准备的计划
53I'm also just working out how much I needed to still do in my time我还在研究我需要做多少事
54Every dissertation should have an abstract which makes up part of the general structure每篇论文应该有一个抽象的,构成一般结构的一部分
55According to the University of Bristol an abstract should be concise outline the main aims of the study methodology findings and布里斯托尔大学认为,摘要应简明扼要地概述研究方法的结论和主要目的。
56Conclusions and that is written as one of the most important parts of the micro structure of the dissertation结论和作为论文微观结构最重要的部分之一撰写
57Which is essentially like the contents of every small section.这基本上就像每一小节的内容。
58This is my abstract这是我的抽象
59It's about a page and then I have acknowledgments at the bottom as you can see it is double-spaced and这是关于一页,然后我得到了承认 在底部,你可以看到它是双行
60Clearly not that long it shows the reader很明显,没有那么长 它显示读者
61Kind of a general outline of what you're doing.算是你所做的事的大纲
62It needs to present your main argument clearly concisely and also show your它需要清晰地阐述你的主要论点,并表明你
63misimpressive or main conclusion in错误或主要结论
64in very few words用很少的话
65I'm sure you've heard the stone age occurred for two and a half minutes我敢肯定,你已经听说 石器时代发生了两个半分钟
66An introduction of a dissertation or thesis is completely different to one in an essay论文或论文的介绍与论文的介绍完全不同
67What I mean by this is that an introduction in an essay is usually only a paragraph我的意思是,在一篇论文中的介绍 通常只是一段
68it is kind of 200 250 words max and这是种200250字最大和
69Kind of sums up what you're doing an introduction in a dissertation来总结一下你在论文中的介绍
70varies depending on
71What you're writing about what style you're writing for你在写什么 你写什么风格
72Mine was long it starts here我从这里开始很久了
73So here所以这里
7416 pages of introduction.16页介绍.
75I remember rightly my introduction was about four and a half thousand words我记得我的介绍很正确 大约是4500个字
76I panicked my supervisor said no, it's perfect for your work我惊慌失措,我的上司说不行,这很适合你
77Mine had to introduce the geography of where like my main argument was set我不得不介绍我的主要论点所在的地理
78I had to introduce the people that I was talking about in my dissertation我不得不介绍我在论文里讲的人
79I had to introduce where I got my data from and also the main我得介绍一下我从哪里得到的数据 还有主要数据
80kind of key background information as to why I've chosen this topic area and那种关键的背景资料 关于我为什么选择这个主题领域
81Finally how my dissertation would be useful for future study by anyone who wanted to use it now最后,我的论文将如何有用 对于将来的研究 谁想现在使用它
82This I think is one of the most important things that you should be doing with your dissertation我想这是你论文中最重要的一件事
83Making sure that the research is going to be useful in the future and presenting this in your this this确保研究将来有用 并在你这本书中介绍
84Presenting this in your introduction as confidently as possible在你的介绍中尽可能自信地提出这一点
85Sheffield University have written that their top class dissertations should situate the topic谢菲尔德大学写道 他们的顶级论文应该突出话题
86Confidently within the wider literature and this should be done in the introduction相信在更广泛的文献中,应在导言中这样做
87It's essentially you sum up the research that's already been done and then you place yours基本上你总结一下已经做的研究 然后放上你的
88Where you think it should go amongst the wider literature why it's useful why it facilitates them and kind of why you've ended up with你认为它应该走在 更广泛的文献中 为什么它有用 为什么它方便他们 和那种为什么你结束了
89That research topic from these other texts that you've introduced你介绍的这些其他文本的研究课题
90Similarly Manchester explains that you should have a range of literature cited again同样,曼彻斯特解释说,你应该再引用一系列文献
91Introduce them all in the introduction and they explain why you've chosen those main pieces and how it links to your work在导言中介绍所有内容,并解释为什么你选择了这些主要作品,以及它如何与你的工作联系起来
92The University of Nottingham sociology and social policy department has also said that their top-class work needs to be individual诺丁汉大学社会学和社会政策系也表示,他们的顶级工作必须是个人的。
93unique and独立和
94imaginative again your own ideas又有想象力,你自己的想法
95Developing new ways that research can be kind of twisted on its head or even brand-new research that just has not been done before开发新的方法,使研究 可能有点扭曲 它的头,甚至全新的研究 只是没有做过
96Either way whether you choose to kind of further someone else's study or completely start your own无论你选择进一步学习还是完全开始自己的研究
97It has to be in a way that is imaginative creative and build upon必须以富有想象力的创造力和以
98Already useful information your work is being written to be used by future scholars已经有用的信息 您的作品正在被撰写 供未来的学者使用
99If you go in with the mindset that this needs to be good enough new enough that people in the future use my work如果你的心态是,这需要 足够好的新到足够 人们在未来使用我的工作
100As a reference point you will be on the right track作为参考点,你会走在正确的轨道上
101This section is probably where you're gonna need the most help from your supervisor这个部门可能是你最需要上司帮助的地方
102Because there will be a lot of things that you've not come across before such as statistics if you're doing a humanities degree I因为很多事情你之前没有遇到过 比如统计 如果你在做人文科学学位
103Had never done statistics and yet I think because I did them从来没有做过统计, 但我认为因为我做的
104That's how I got into the first-class category所以我才进入头等舱
105Because not enough archaeology and anthropology dissertation to do include statistics因为考古学和人类学论文 不足以包括统计
106So mine was kind of higher than the rest if that makes sense now my materials and methods chapter所以,我的有点高于其他 如果这有道理 现在,我的材料和方法章
107started off like this像这样开始的
108Essentially you're talking about where you got your data from why you chose that method any calculations that you might have done基本上,你说的是你从哪里得到的数据 为什么选择了这种方法 任何你可能做过的计算
109As you can see here I have lots of如你所见,我有很多
110Different calculations and how you present your tables and photos is also part of your mark不同的计算和如何呈现表格和照片也是标记的一部分
111For example the University of Manchester says their first-class dissertation比如曼彻斯特大学说他们的一流论文
112Should have an intelligent and creative use of bigots now现在应该有智慧和创造性地利用偏执
113This is where I have introduced my use of statistics in the methods section for example例如,在方法一节中,我在这里介绍了我对统计数据的使用。
114I've got the我拿着
115Calculations that I've used in order to do a t-test and a chi-square test these were really important in我用来做T测试和Chi-square测试的计算 这些都是非常重要的
116Getting the grade that I did because it showed that I had得到我的分数 因为它显示我有
117In-depth understanding of what techniques I needed to use in order to apply the knowledge that I've gathered to my actual question深入了解我需要用什么技术 来运用我收集的知识 来回答我的实际问题
118In order to make a conclusion为了得出结论
119Next up is the results section which leads us nicely on to our analysis section of this video接下来是结果部分 引导我们进入我们的分析部分
120Everyone thinks they know the story of Dick Turpin's Highway Glory大家都以为知道迪克·图平的高速公路荣耀的故事
121But my past is any dissertation should have a findings or results section where you are但我的过去是任何论文 应该有一个结论或结果部分 你在哪里
122only presenting what you have found and you are not只展示你发现的,你没有
123Analyzing them or explaining what this means so the section should be分析或解释这意味着什么,所以这一部分应该是
124Kind of descriptory like I am literally just presenting what I found in some graphs and explaining the graphs那种描述 像我的字面意思 只是展示我发现 一些图表 和解释的图表
125And explaining what my testing told me so并解释我的测试告诉我的
126So here look I've talked about a t-test and I have footnotes on these pages to explain看这里,我讲过一个T测试, 我有一些脚注在这些页上解释
127Further what things mean and all of that presentation comes into更何况事情的意义 和所有的介绍
128What Manchester was talking about an appropriate use of figures imaginative use of figures if you have far too much data曼彻斯特说的是,如果你的数据太多的话, 如何适当地使用数字 想象力地使用数字
129to put in the results section like I did you can use an appendix right at the end and把结果部分 像我一样,你可以使用 附录右 在结尾和
130Put in all of your hundreds of tables that you spend hours and hours over Christmas making把你的几百张桌子都放进去 圣诞节的时候你花了很多时间
131Once you've presented your results and you've analysed them in terms of一旦你提出了你的结果, 你分析了他们
132Pulling out stats and general patterns you can move on to your discussion.抽出数据 和一般模式 你可以继续讨论。
133This is the fun bit这是有趣的一点
134A first-class discussion section should tie the whole thing together头等舱讨论部分应该把整件事联系起来
135It is your most important section because it is where you can argue why your knowledge is这是你最重要的部分,因为它是你可以争论 为什么你的知识是
136So important what it means what patterns in the results might tell you and again how it is going to be useful in the future如此重要 这意味着什么是结果的规律 可能告诉你,再次 它将如何是有用的未来
137now all of your literature and your sources should have been brought in in the现在你们所有的文献和来源 都应该被带进
138Introduction and what all of these mark schemes have been saying is that you shouldn't be bringing new information up in the discussion介绍和所有这些标记计划 一直在说,你不应该在讨论中提出新的信息
139My discussion wasn't too long我的讨论没有太久
140It was actually shorter than my introduction but all of the sections that I split it into in my subtitles它实际上比我的介绍短... ...但所有的章节,我把它分成我的字幕
141were titles made from头衔来自
142points drawn in the introduction and bits that I导 言中抽出的点数和位数
143Had already said that I was going to explain and talk about in the introduction using my dissertation as an example已经说过我要用我的论文作为例子 在导言中解释和谈论
144In the introduction I had said that certain factors will affect the growth of long bones in children and they would be在导言中,我曾说,某些因素会影响儿童长骨的生长,而且会影响儿童的长骨。
145genetic affinity遗传亲缘关系
146geographical and latitudinal affinity地理和纬度关系
147Nursing weaning and early diet and also just general stunting in childhood and adolescence护理断奶和早期饮食,以及儿童和青少年普遍发育迟缓
148All of these things were brought up所有这些事情都是提起来的
149during my introduction and在我的介绍和
150they were brought up because a lot of literature was already done on those topics and他们之所以被提起,是因为许多关于这些主题的文献已经做了。
151Tying them together is how kind of I chose my research interest and that is why my intro was so long把他们绑在一起 就是我选择研究兴趣的原因
152But because I had such a long introduction it meant that I could create for example但因为我有这么长的介绍 意味着我可以创造例如
153Separate sections assessing whether or not all of my hypotheses about these different things分别评估我对这些不同事物的所有假设
154Were correct based on my own results.根据我自己的结果,是正确的。
155The discussion is not the conclusion.讨论不是结论。
156The conclusion is a separate section结论是单独一节
157however, your conclusions should start to be drawn in terms of responding to your hypotheses and但是,你的结论应该开始 以回应你的假设和
158Assessing whether or not you have kind of gone the right way about doing things if there was any problems why that might be评估你是否走对路了 如果有什么问题的话
159They aren't a recount of everything you did or an evaluation of your work这不是你所做的一切的回忆 也不是对你的工作的评价
160But they should be critical and evaluative in terms of how you have utilized specific sources但对于你如何利用特定来源来说,它们应该是批判性的和评价性的
161Why and whether or not previous findings actually work alongside yours?为什么和之前的发现 是否与你的一样有效?
162And还有
163Finally is your conclusion最后是你的结论
164Now by this point you finish the discussion and you feel like it's all done and over现在,你结束讨论,你觉得一切都结束了
165But it's not you still have to tie up all of your findings and但你还得把发现都整理好
166Analysis into what Liverpool explains should be a well-justified organized and argued conclusion对利物浦解释的内容的分析应当是一个有组织且有论据的结论
167My conclusion was only a page and a bit.我的结论只是一页一页
168I'm pretty sure it was only around 200 words我敢肯定,只有200个字
169It looks like this starts here好像从这里开始的
170I've discussed my main aims at the start explained in one centers kind of what my methods were and then gone on here to answer我讨论了我开始的主要目的 在一个中心 解释了我的方法
171whether my hypotheses were correct and我的假设是否正确
172Lastly on the next page I have summed up我最后在下一页总结了
173Summed up in one paragraph how my study helps the discipline and how it can continue to help further study总结一下我的研究如何帮助学科 以及如何继续帮助进一步研究
174The main point that you need to hit in your dissertation is to write out your main aim and your main method在论文中你需要的要点是写出你的主要目的和主要方法
175Whether your hypotheses were met where the new things came out that you didn't expect and then what is gonna happen with this?你的假说是否在你没想到的新事物出现的地方 被满足了 然后会发生什么?
176Research in the future.未来研究.
177Why is it useful those six things?为什么这六件事有用?
178Should essentially be the basis of your entire dissertation基本上应该是你论文的基础
179But the conclusion is a little microcosm of your entire dissertation.但结论是你们论文的缩影
180So it's easy to sum up there所以很容易总结出来
181And then礛
182You are done你够了
183Unless you haven't done your references yet and in which case I'm so sorry除非你还没做你的推荐书 在这种情况下,我很抱歉
184Ideally your references should be separated into books最好把参考文献分到书里
185journals and websites and contributions to books I期刊和网站以及对书籍的贡献
186Like chapters that you've used my references took up a lot of pages and then I have my appendix就像你用我的参考文献的章节 翻了很多页,然后我的附录
187but every university has different regulations for what your bibliography and references should look like and但每个大学都有不同的规定 你的书目和参考文献应该是什么样子和
188Therefore you need to check your own marking conventions for that因此,你需要检查你自己的标记惯例
189But just make sure that you haven't missed any and that every single reference you have put into your dissertation但只要确保你没有错过任何 和每一个你已经 引用到你的论文
190Appears here.看起来像在这里。
191There is a tool on Microsoft words.微软词上有一个工具。
192That means you can add references to a main也就是说,你可以添加 引用主
193Reference bank at the end as you go along.在你走的尽头的参考银行。
194There's also software还有软件
195That I haven't used but definitely exists and that might help you as you saw我没有用过,但绝对存在 这可能帮助你,如你所见
196My appendix came after my references and your appendix is basically a section for any data or我的附录是在我的参考文献之后, 你的附录基本上是一个章节 任何数据或
197quotes or images that are necessary需要引用或图像
198Emphasis are necessary to get in your point across and proving that you have actually done kind of all of the work and the calculations必须强调你的观点 并证明你确实做了所有的工作和计算
199But wouldn't fit in the main body of text at the front of your dissertation但不适合你论文前的正文
200You should also have a list of figures and a list of tables您还应有图表列表
201and these all contribute to the structure the overall structure and这些都有助于结构的整体结构,
202It needs to be presented nicely and coherently as every single one of these mark schemes have said and that is正如这些标记办法中的每一个都说过的那样,需要以良好和连贯的方式提出这种标记。
203the end of this video I影片的结尾
204Hope that this actually kind of made some sense and has helped clear things up about writing a dissertation about what?希望这真的有道理 有助于澄清写一篇关于什么的论文?
205universities actually want from a dissertation and大学实际上想要 从论文和
206Getting the top marks if you have any questions, please write them in the comments.如果有任何问题,请在评论中写上最高标记。
207I've definitely not covered everything我绝对没有覆盖一切
208I just wanted to fit as much as possible into one video我只是想尽量融入一个视频
209so there's所以这里有
210100% things that I've missed you can DM me on Instagram or我错过了百分之百的东西 你可以在Instagram上毁了我
211Leave me a comment as I said give me a thumbs up and subscribe if you enjoyed this video照我说的,给我个提示,如果你喜欢这段视频的话,就给我签个名
212I will see you in my next video.我会看到你在我的下一个视频。
213Bye再见
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