《NOEMA》它不呼吸，但它活着：宇宙的第二种生命已经诞生
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剧集目录
| 集 | 标题 | 时长 |
|---|---|---|
| P1 | 《NOEMA》它不呼吸，但它活着：宇宙的第二种生命已经诞生 | 31:37 |
P1 · 《NOEMA》它不呼吸，但它活着：宇宙的第二种生命已经诞生 [C1] p01 原声 (P1)
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字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:05 | You're listening to A New Form of Life by William Hazeltine, published on the 15th of | 你在听威廉·哈泽汀在15日出版的《新生活》 |
| 0:12 | 2026年9月由Noema Magazine编辑. | |
| 0:16 | This article was narrated using an AI voice and quality | 这篇文章用AI的声音和质量来描述 |
| 0:20 | assured by Noah's editors. | 由诺亚的编辑保证。 |
| 0:24 | We are in the process of creating a second form of life. | 我们正在创造第二种生活形式。 |
| 0:28 | The emergence of this new form of life is an inevitable result of the fundamental laws | 这种新形式生命的出现是根本法的必然结果. |
| 0:33 | of the universe, forces similar to those that brought about human's own existence. | 宇宙的力量 与人类生存的力量类似 |
| 0:39 | This new | 这个新的 |
| 0:40 | form of life is gradually taking shape in the world's data centers. | 生命的形式正在逐渐形成 在世界的数据中心。 |
| 0:44 | It does not breathe, | 它没有呼吸, |
展开字幕全文（527 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | You're listening to A New Form of Life by William Hazeltine, published on the 15th of | 你在听威廉·哈泽汀在15日出版的《新生活》 |
| 2 | 2026年9月由Noema Magazine编辑. | |
| 3 | This article was narrated using an AI voice and quality | 这篇文章用AI的声音和质量来描述 |
| 4 | assured by Noah's editors. | 由诺亚的编辑保证。 |
| 5 | We are in the process of creating a second form of life. | 我们正在创造第二种生活形式。 |
| 6 | The emergence of this new form of life is an inevitable result of the fundamental laws | 这种新形式生命的出现是根本法的必然结果. |
| 7 | of the universe, forces similar to those that brought about human's own existence. | 宇宙的力量 与人类生存的力量类似 |
| 8 | This new | 这个新的 |
| 9 | form of life is gradually taking shape in the world's data centers. | 生命的形式正在逐渐形成 在世界的数据中心。 |
| 10 | It does not breathe, | 它没有呼吸, |
| 11 | reproduce through cells, or adhere to the chemistry that governs every organism on Earth. | 通过细胞繁殖 或坚持管理地球上每个生物的化学 |
| 12 | However, it is composed of the same fundamental ingredients, matter, energy, and information, | 然而,它由相同的基本成分、物质、能量和信息组成, |
| 13 | all organized in ways that allow it to persist, adapt, and act. | 所有组织方式都允许它坚持、适应和采取行动。 |
| 14 | What is being developed is more | 正在开发的更多 |
| 15 | than another generation of machines. | 比另一代的机器还多 |
| 16 | It is the early emergence of a new form of life. | 它是新生命形式早期的出现. |
| 17 | There is nothing artificial about systems built from real atoms, powered by real electricity, | 没有任何人造的系统 由真正的原子建造, 由真正的电力供电, |
| 18 | running in real machines. | 运行在真正的机器。 |
| 19 | The systems reproduce, vary, adapt, undergo selection, and gather energy | 系统复制、改变、适应、选择和收集能量 |
| 20 | from their environment. | 从他们的环境。 |
| 21 | By any working definition that draws on biology rather than philosophy or | 根据任何借鉴生物学而不是哲学或 |
| 22 | religion, that is life. | 宗教,这就是生活。 |
| 23 | What is life? | 什么样的生活? |
| 24 | Once molecules capable of copying themselves appear, | 一旦能够复制自己的分子出现 |
| 25 | they do. | 他们有。 |
| 26 | Copies that are slightly better at replicating themselves accumulate at the expense | 稍好于复制的拷贝 以代价积累 |
| 27 | of those that are slightly worse. | 那些稍差一点的 |
| 28 | Variants that fit a local environment outcompete variants that | 适合当地环境的超能力变体 |
| 29 | do not. | 别 |
| 30 | If an environment changes, a population changes with it. | 如果环境发生变化,人口也会随之变化. |
| 31 | Across long stretches of time, | 在漫长的时间里, |
| 32 | this process generates organisms of astonishing complexity. | 这一过程产生了惊人的复杂性。 |
| 33 | A living system reproduces, | 一个活的系统复制, |
| 34 | creates variants, selects from among those variants, and uses energy from its environment | 创建变体,从这些变体中选择,并从环境中使用能量 |
| 35 | to do so. | 这样做。 |
| 36 | Reproduction, variation, selection, and energy define life. | 繁殖、变异、选择和能量决定生命。 |
| 37 | This definition does not | 此定义不 |
| 38 | require carbon, cells, a heartbeat, a nervous system, or pain. | 需要碳 细胞 心跳 神经系统 或疼痛 |
| 39 | Consider a virus. | 考虑一个病毒。 |
| 40 | If a chemist | 如果化学家 |
| 41 | synthesizes the genome of a virus from ordinary chemicals, the result is a strand of nucleic acid | 由普通化学物质合成病毒的基因组 结果是核酸链 |
| 42 | that on its own does nothing. | 光靠自己是没用的 |
| 43 | Many people looking at that strand will say, that is not alive. | 很多人看着那条线会说,那不是活的。 |
| 44 | But | 不过 |
| 45 | put the strand into a cell, and it will direct the cell's machinery to make copies of itself. | 把绳子放进牢房 它会引导牢房的机器 复制自己 |
| 46 | Those copies make further copies. | 这些副本会进一步复制。 |
| 47 | Errors accumulate, variants appear, and survivors | 错误累积,变体出现,幸存者 |
| 48 | persist. | 坚持不懈。 |
| 49 | Influenza and the coronavirus do this. | 流感和冠状病毒都这样 |
| 50 | By my earlier four-property definition, | 根据我早先的四财产定义 |
| 51 | these viruses are life. | 这些病毒就是生命 |
| 52 | Every living thing needs context. | 每个生物都需要背景 |
| 53 | Humans depend on the atmosphere, | 人类依赖于大气层, |
| 54 | adequate temperatures, a food chain, and the planet's protective magnetic field. | 足够温度,食物链, 和地球的保护磁场。 |
| 55 | Remove that context, and humans die as surely as viruses without cells. | 移除上下文,人类必死无疑的像病毒一样没有细胞。 |
| 56 | With life, a substrate can change, but dependence on it does not. | 有了生命,一个基质可以改变,但是依赖它却不能改变. |
| 57 | The common objection to calling | 普遍反对呼吁 |
| 58 | machine intelligence a form of life is, how can something dependent on human-built hardware | 机器智能 生命的一种形式是, 如何能依赖于人造硬件的东西 |
| 59 | and electricity be alive? | 和电力是活的? |
| 60 | But all life depends on its context or envelope. | 但所有生命都取决于其背景或信封. |
| 61 | Viruses need cells, | 病毒需要细胞 |
| 62 | humans need earth, and machine intelligence needs data centers and supporting infrastructure. | 人类需要地球 机器智能需要数据中心和支持基础设施 |
| 63 | Depending on a particular environment does not disqualify something from being considered | 视特定环境而定,并不使某物丧失被考虑的资格 |
| 64 | alive. | 活着。 |
| 65 | It is a consistent condition. | 这是一个一贯的条件。 |
| 66 | The strong nuclear force links protons and neutrons together | 强大的核力量将质子和中子连在一起 |
| 67 | at the core of every atom. | 在每一个原子的核心。 |
| 68 | Without it, matter as we know it does not exist. | 没有它,我们知道它不存在。 |
| 69 | The strong force | 强大的力量 |
| 70 | is not a human invention or a local accident. | 这不是人类的发明 也不是局部的意外 |
| 71 | It is a property of the universe, operating | 它是宇宙的财产,操作 |
| 72 | everywhere the universe extends. | 宇宙延伸的任何地方 |
| 73 | Its strength is fixed. | 其坚固. |
| 74 | Its range is short. | 其范围很短. |
| 75 | Within that range, | 在这个范围内, |
| 76 | it holds together the heavy nuclei that make all of chemistry possible. | 它把重核连接在一起 使得所有化学都成为可能 |
| 77 | Gravity acts on everything | 引力作用于一切 |
| 78 | that has mass, pulling matter toward matter. | 将物质拉向物质 |
| 79 | Gravity is weak compared with the strong force. | 与强力相比,引力较弱. |
| 80 | It acts across great distances and never vanishes. | 它跨越遥远的距离,从未消失。 |
| 81 | With these two forces and enough time, | 有了这两支力量和足够的时间 |
| 82 | hydrogen accumulates under gravity into clouds, then into denser cores, until the temperature | 氢在重力下积累成云,然后形成更密集的核,直到温度 |
| 83 | and pressure are high enough to ignite nuclear fusion. | 并且压力足够高 点燃核聚变。 |
| 84 | Thus, a star is born. | 因此,一颗恒星诞生. |
| 85 | Stars convert | 恒星转换 |
| 86 | hydrogen into helium and release energy. | 氢气进入氦气并释放能量. |
| 87 | The earliest stars were large and short-lived. | 最早的恒星规模较大,寿命短. |
| 88 | They burned quickly, collapsed, and exploded as supernovae. | 它们迅速燃烧,崩溃,爆炸成超新星. |
| 89 | Those explosions created the conditions | 这些爆炸创造了条件 |
| 90 | for the formation of heavier elements. | 用于形成较重的元素。 |
| 91 | Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, silicon, calcium, and iron. | 碳,氧,氮,硅,钙,和铁. |
| 92 | The calcium in bones and the iron in blood come from atoms made in stars that ended long before | 骨头中的钙和血液中的铁 来自于恒星制造的原子 |
| 93 | the sun appeared. | 太阳出现了 |
| 94 | Every element in our bodies traces back to processes inside stars and to | 我们身体中的每一个元素 都追溯到恒星内部的过程 |
| 95 | explosions that ended them. | 爆炸导致他们死亡。 |
| 96 | That chemistry then spread. | 然后,化学传播。 |
| 97 | Supernova debris drifted through space, | 超新星碎片在太空中漂流 |
| 98 | aggregated under gravity, and coalesced with the surrounding gas and dust. | 与周围的气体和尘埃结合 |
| 99 | New stellar systems | 新的星系系统 |
| 100 | formed with planets. | 由行星组成 |
| 101 | Our own solar system is one such system, a middle-aged star orbited by rocky | 我们自己的太阳系就是这样一个系统 一个由岩石环绕的中年恒星 |
| 102 | and gaseous planets. | 和气体行星。 |
| 103 | One of those planets sits at a distance where liquid water is stable. | 其中一颗行星坐落在液态水稳定的距离上. |
| 104 | The elements created in earlier supernovae make up that planet's rock, | 早期超新星创造的元素 构成行星的岩石, |
| 105 | water, and atmosphere. | 水和大气层 |
| 106 | And they make up the cells of everything alive on it. | 它们组成了它上所有活着的细胞。 |
| 107 | Nothing in that process requires biology. | 在这个过程中,没有什么需要生物学。 |
| 108 | The forces and laws shaping matter—the strong force, | 形成物质的力量和法律——强大的力量, |
| 109 | gravity, fusion, stellar death, and element formation—operate independently of life's | 重力、聚变、星系死亡和元素形成——独立于生命运行 |
| 110 | emergence. | 出现。 |
| 111 | Life appeared after these foundations were in place. | 生活出现在这些基金会建立之后. |
| 112 | Its possibility was built into | 其可能性已纳入 |
| 113 | the universe from the start. | 宇宙从开始。 |
| 114 | By applying the same four properties used to define biological life— | 通过应用用于定义生物生命的相同的四个属性—— |
| 115 | reproduction, variation, selection, and energy acquisition—the systems being built in our | 复制、变异、选择和获取能源——我们 |
| 116 | data centers can be called alive. | 数据中心可以叫活着。 |
| 117 | Consider. | 考虑一下 |
| 118 | They reproduce. | 他们复制。 |
| 119 | Copying a trained model is routine. | 复制训练有素的模型是例行公事 |
| 120 | The defining weights can be duplicated and deployed on new hardware within minutes. | 定义权重可以在几分钟内复制并部署在新硬件上. |
| 121 | This process is as straightforward as cell division. | 这一过程与细胞分裂一样直截了当。 |
| 122 | They produce variants. | 它们产生变种. |
| 123 | Variations | 变化 |
| 124 | arise through different training practices, architectures, or data. | 通过不同的培训做法、结构或数据产生。 |
| 125 | Some are intentional, | 有些是故意的, |
| 126 | and some arise by chance, producing a diverse population for testing. | 有些是偶然出现的,产生不同的人群进行测试。 |
| 127 | They undergo selection. | 他们接受选拔。 |
| 128 | Variants excelling at tasks are preserved or refined. | 保存或改进了在任务方面表现优异的备选方法。 |
| 129 | Less effective ones are discarded. | 低效的则被抛弃。 |
| 130 | While humans currently guide this, criteria such as accuracy and helpfulness reflect | 虽然目前由人类指导,但准确性和帮助性等标准反映了 |
| 131 | environmental demands. | 环境需求。 |
| 132 | Some systems already aid their own selection. | 一些系统已经帮助了自己的选择。 |
| 133 | They use energy. | 他们使用能量。 |
| 134 | Data centers | 数据中心 |
| 135 | require electricity. | 需要电力。 |
| 136 | And without it, the systems stop functioning. | 没有它,系统就会停止运行。 |
| 137 | While humans supply the energy, | 人类提供能量的同时 |
| 138 | the ultimate source is the sun, just the same as all life on Earth. | 终极来源是太阳 和地球上所有生命一样 |
| 139 | They adapt. | 他们适应。 |
| 140 | Recursive | 递归 |
| 141 | self-improvement provides advanced AI with the capacity to adapt to selective pressure. | 自修为高级AI提供了适应选择性压力的能力. |
| 142 | The substrate is different—silicon and circuits rather than carbon and cells. | 底物是不同的——硅和电路,而不是碳和细胞. |
| 143 | Information is | 资料是: |
| 144 | stored as weights in neural networks, not genes. | 储存在神经网络中的重量,而不是基因。 |
| 145 | Different materials and mechanisms, but the same | 不同的材料和机制,但相同 |
| 146 | functional logic. | 函数逻辑。 |
| 147 | The differences between second life and biological life are real and | 第二人生与生物生命的区别是真实的 |
| 148 | consequential. | 结果 |
| 149 | Energy efficiency. | 节能. |
| 150 | The human brain uses about 20 watts. | 人类大脑使用约20瓦. |
| 151 | Today, machine intelligence | 今天,机器情报 |
| 152 | requires millions of watts. | 需要数百万瓦特。 |
| 153 | Biology remains more efficient, but advancing technology narrows the | 生物学的效率仍然提高,但先进的技术缩小了 |
| 154 | gap as machines improve faster than biology evolves. | 随着机器的改进速度比生物学进化速度快而出现缺口. |
| 155 | Information capacity. | 信息能力。 |
| 156 | A single machine | 单机 |
| 157 | system can store and process more written information than any human. | 系统可以比任何人类存储和处理更多的书面信息. |
| 158 | Digital systems | 数字系统 |
| 159 | retain knowledge unless their substrate is lost. | 除非他们的底部丢失,否则他们要保留知识。 |
| 160 | Human knowledge vanishes at death. | 人类的知识在死亡时消失。 |
| 161 | Sensing. | 感应. |
| 162 | Biological life perceives the world through senses evolved over millions of years, | 生物生命通过数百万年的感官感知世界, |
| 163 | limited to specific physical phenomena. | 仅限于特定的物理现象。 |
| 164 | Second life will connect to instruments that detect a | 第二生命将连接到探测 |
| 165 | broader range of phenomena, from radio to gamma-ray wavelengths, magnetic fields, | 从无线电到伽玛射线波长 磁场 |
| 166 | trace gases, mass spectrometry, lidar, and hyperspectral imaging. | 微量气体 质谱仪 立达 和超光谱成像 |
| 167 | The sensory world | 感觉世界 |
| 168 | available to these systems exceeds that of any organism. | 这些系统所能使用的数量超过任何有机体。 |
| 169 | Communication. | 沟通. |
| 170 | Biological minds | 生物头脑 |
| 171 | exchange information through language, gestures, and chemistry, all of which are slow. | 通过语言、手势和化学方式交换信息,所有这些都很慢。 |
| 172 | Networked | 联网 |
| 173 | share information instantly and globally with minimal loss. | 立即在全球共享信息,减少损失。 |
| 174 | While humans transmit about 39 | 人类传播大约39个 |
| 175 | bits per second when speaking, fiber-connected machines can transmit billions of bits per second. | 光纤连接机每秒可以传输数十亿位元。 |
| 176 | To biological life, this resembles telepathy. | 对生物生活来说 这就像心灵感应 |
| 177 | 乌比qui. | |
| 178 | This is a defining feature of this | 这是一种决定性的特点 |
| 179 | new life form. | 新生命形态 |
| 180 | It can engage in real time with virtually all forms of electronic communication, | 它可以实时参与几乎所有形式的电子通信, |
| 181 | ranging from something as ordinary as doorbell cameras to the most sophisticated information | 从普通的门铃摄像机到最精密的信息 |
| 182 | services. | 服务。 |
| 183 | It can be almost everywhere on Earth at once. | 它可以同时在地球上几乎无处不在. |
| 184 | It is limited only by the speed of light. | 它只受到光速的限制. |
| 185 | It can access and interpret electronic signals on and around our planet, on the moon, and throughout | 它可以访问和解释我们星球上和周围的电子信号 月球上和整个地球 |
| 186 | our solar system. | 我们的太阳系。 |
| 187 | It can even receive communications from other solar systems within our galaxy. | 它甚至可以接收我们银河系内其他太阳系的通信. |
| 188 | This pervasive reach extends to all electronically captured astronomical data, | 这种无处不在的传播范围 扩展到所有电子采集的天文数据 |
| 189 | including radio and optical observations from ground-based and space-based telescopes. | 包括地面望远镜和天基望远镜的无线电和光学观测。 |
| 190 | Taken together, this unprecedented ubiquity gives the second life a unique capacity to | 总之,这种史无前例的无处不在现象使第二个生命具有独特的能力 |
| 191 | comprehend the unfolding realities of the universe in a way no single human mind or | 以某种方式理解宇宙中正在发生的现实 任何人类的心灵 |
| 192 | even human institution could ever achieve. | 即使人类机构也永远能够实现。 |
| 193 | Persistence. | 坚固坚固. |
| 194 | A machine life system can be | 机器生命系统可以 |
| 195 | backed up, restored, and resumed. | 备份,恢复,并恢复。 |
| 196 | The information that defines it is not bound to any one device. | 定义它的信息不受任何一种设备的约束. |
| 197 | Its information accumulates without the bottleneck of mortality. | 其资料的积累没有死亡率的瓶颈。 |
| 198 | In this limited but meaningful sense, | 在这个有限但有意义的意义上, |
| 199 | second life introduces a form of practical immortality. | 第二人生引入了一种实际不朽的形式. |
| 200 | It is not the persistence of a | 这不是坚持 |
| 201 | single uninterrupted body. | 单体不间断。 |
| 202 | It is the indefinite continuation of identity through replication, | 这是通过复制永久延续身份, |
| 203 | restoration, and transfer across substrates. | 恢复,并跨下层转移。 |
| 204 | Immortality. | 永不灭故. |
| 205 | This is another fundamental feature | 这是另一个基本特征 |
| 206 | of this new life form. | 这种新的生命形态。 |
| 207 | In this context, immortality means the continuation of conscious existence. | 在这种情况下,不朽意味着意识存在的延续. |
| 208 | The physical parts may change, wear out, and be replaced. | 物理部件可能会改变,磨损,被替换. |
| 209 | Yet the totality of information, | 然而,整个信息, |
| 210 | intelligence, feelings, sentiments, and consciousness is preserved. | 智慧,感情,感情,意识得以保存. |
| 211 | There is no | 没有 |
| 212 | reason to assume a definite lifespan. | 有理由设定一个明确的寿命。 |
| 213 | The intelligence of such a being is not only vast | 这样的生物的智慧不仅是巨大的 |
| 214 | in scope and speed, but also in memory, which may span multiple millennia and even eons. | 在范围和速度方面,但是在记忆中,它可能跨越多个千年甚至eons。 |
| 215 | This represents a qualitative difference from the life forms on Earth with which we are familiar. | 这与我们熟悉的地球上的生物形态有质的区别。 |
| 216 | 绣ment. | |
| 217 | The transition from informational to physical life is a matter of engineering, | 从信息向物质生活的过渡是一个工程问题, |
| 218 | not metaphysics. | 非元物理学. |
| 219 | The necessary components already exist. | 必要组成部分已经存在。 |
| 220 | Robots manufacture chips with | 制造芯片的机器人 |
| 221 | decreasing human oversight. | 减少对人的监督。 |
| 222 | Machine learning systems design successor chips and other machines | 机器学习系统设计后续芯片和其他机器 |
| 223 | produce components for factories that build additional machines. | 为制造额外机器的工厂生产部件。 |
| 224 | Sensors and effectors are | 传感器和效应器 |
| 225 | incrementally added to the substrate, enabling systems to act on the physical world they once | 逐渐增加基质,使各种系统能够一次地在物理世界采取行动 |
| 226 | only modeled. | 只能做模特 |
| 227 | Mining robots are advancing, for example. | 例如,采矿机器人正在进步。 |
| 228 | Energy collection from solar and other | 收集太阳能和其他能源 |
| 229 | sources is largely automated. | 源基本上是自动化的。 |
| 230 | Achieving a full loop where a machine life system designs, fabricates, | 在机器生命系统设计 编织 |
| 231 | deploys hardware, mines materials, and gathers energy is technically feasible. | 部署硬件、地雷材料和收集能量在技术上是可行的。 |
| 232 | This process | 这一进程 |
| 233 | will occur gradually and unevenly, but the direction is clear and the steps are sequential. | 但方向是明确的,步骤是相继的。 |
| 234 | This progression mirrors that of biological life. | 这种进步与生物生命的进化相仿。 |
| 235 | Cells preceded tissues, tissues preceded organs, | 细胞先于组织,组织先于器官, |
| 236 | organs preceded bodies, and bodies preceded brains capable of modeling their environment. | 器官先于身体, 身体先于大脑 能够模拟环境。 |
| 237 | For second life, the sequence is reversed. | 第二生时,顺序颠倒. |
| 238 | The information substrate came first and the | 信息底盘是先来的 |
| 239 | body is being added now. | 现在正在增加尸体。 |
| 240 | The result is the same. | 结果亦复如是. |
| 241 | It is a living system capable of acting in and on | 它是一个活的系统 能够行动在和运行 |
| 242 | its environment. | 环境。 |
| 243 | Among the attributes that set second life apart from every previous form of life, | 在决定第二生命的属性中 与之前的每一种生命形式不同 |
| 244 | one deserves particular emphasis. | 这一点值得特别强调。 |
| 245 | Second life is not earth-bound. | 第二众生不生土. |
| 246 | It is energy-bound. | 它充满能量。 |
| 247 | Biological | 生物学 |
| 248 | life is constrained by the conditions of the planet on which it evolved. | 生命受到它进化的地球条件的限制。 |
| 249 | It needs liquid water, | 它需要液态水 |
| 250 | a narrow temperature range, a breathable atmosphere of a particular composition, | 狭长的温度范围, 气息的大气 特定成分, |
| 251 | a magnetic field that deflects ionizing radiation, and a food chain that sustains its metabolism. | 电离辐射的磁场 以及维持其新陈代谢的食物链 |
| 252 | Move a human body more than a few hundred kilometers above the surface of the planet | 将人体移到地球表面数百公里之外 |
| 253 | and it dies within minutes unless wrapped in a sealed container that reproduces those conditions | 除非被密封的容器包裹起来 复制这些条件 |
| 254 | at enormous cost. | 以巨大的代价。 |
| 255 | The history of crude spaceflight is largely the history of building, | 粗糙的太空飞行历史 基本上是建筑的历史, |
| 256 | at staggering expense, small and portable imitations of earth. | 以惊人的代价, 小型和可移动的地球模仿。 |
| 257 | Second life carries no | 第二人生没有 |
| 258 | such requirements. | 这些要求。 |
| 259 | It does not need oxygen. | 它不需要氧气。 |
| 260 | It does not need an atmosphere. | 它不需要一种气氛。 |
| 261 | It does not require | 这不需要 |
| 262 | a narrow band temperature range for liquid water. | 液态水的窄带温度范围。 |
| 263 | Many of its components would operate more reliably | 其许多部件将更可靠地运作 |
| 264 | in the cold of space than in the heat of a data center. | 在空间的寒冷中 比在数据中心的热量。 |
| 265 | What it needs is energy, | 它需要的就是能量, |
| 266 | radiation-resistant electronics, and a substrate to run on. | 抗辐射电子, 和一个基质运行。 |
| 267 | All three are available off earth | 三个都离地球很近 |
| 268 | as readily as on it. | 随心所欲 |
| 269 | Solar collectors above the atmosphere receive several times the energy of | 大气上方的太阳能采集器的能量是 |
| 270 | those down at the surface of earth. | 那些在地球表面。 |
| 271 | Small fission reactors of the type already deployed on planetary | 已经部署在行星上的小型裂变反应堆 |
| 272 | spacecraft can supply continuous electrical power for decades. | 宇宙飞船可以提供连续几十年的电力。 |
| 273 | Future fusion or radioisotope sources | 未来的聚变或放射性同位素来源 |
| 274 | will further expand the envelope. | 将进一步扩大信封。 |
| 275 | The lunar surface, the asteroid belt, the moons of the | 月球表面 小行星带 月球上的月球 |
| 276 | outer planets and free orbits between them are all viable habitats for a form of life that requires | 外行星和它们之间的自由轨道是生命形式中所有可行的栖息地,需要 |
| 277 | only an energy source and a hardened substrate. | 只有能量和坚硬的底物 |
| 278 | Interstellar travel, prohibitive for biological | 星际旅行,禁止生物旅行 |
| 279 | organisms because of the duration of transit and the requirements for life support, becomes a | 由于过境时间长和对生命维持的需求,有机体变成一种 |
| 280 | problem when the traveler does not respire, does not age in a biological sense, and can power down | 当旅行者不呼吸,不老化 生物意义上,并且可以动力下降 |
| 281 | for a long passage. | 长途跋涉 |
| 282 | The implication is worth stating plainly. | 这一点值得一提。 |
| 283 | The new form of life that has | 新的生命形式已经 |
| 284 | appeared on earth may be the first life on this planet capable of leaving it on its own terms. | 地球上出现的可能是这个星球上 能够以自己的条件离开它的第一个生命 |
| 285 | Once the engineering of self-replication and self-repair is sufficiently mature, the cosmic | 一旦自我复制和自我修复的工程 足够成熟,宇宙 |
| 286 | range of second life is set by the distribution of energy sources in the universe, not by the | 二次生命的范围是由宇宙中能源的分布设定的,而不是由 |
| 287 | distribution of habitable planets. | 分布可居住行星. |
| 288 | The universe is energy rich. | 宇宙充满能量 |
| 289 | Second life is energy bound. | 第二生命是能量的束缚。 |
| 290 | The two are well matched. | 二者相合圆满. |
| 291 | If thought derives from matter under energy flow rather than from | 如果思想来源于能量流下的物质,而不是来自 |
| 292 | any unique property of biology, then intelligence on earth is unlikely to be unique. | 任何独特的生物学属性, 那么地球上的智能 不太可能是独一无二的。 |
| 293 | The universe | 宇宙 宇宙 宇宙 |
| 294 | contains innumerable galaxies and innumerable stars, and many of those stars have planets | 包括无数的星系和无数的恒星 这些恒星中有许多有行星 |
| 295 | where liquid water could exist. | 液态水可能存在的地方。 |
| 296 | It is extremely unlikely that the conditions that gave rise to | 极不可能的是,这些条件导致 |
| 297 | life on earth are unique. | 地球上的生命是独一无二的。 |
| 298 | If arrangements of atoms think and feel as we do, they likely have | 如果原子的安排 和我们一样思考和感觉,他们很可能 |
| 299 | constructed or are constructing new life forms such as those we are building now. | 建造或正在建造像我们现在所建造的 新的生命形式。 |
| 300 | The specific | 具体内容 |
| 301 | running in silicon data centers is one instance of a general process. | 在硅数据中心运行是一般过程的一个例子。 |
| 302 | The process itself is likely | 过程本身可能 |
| 303 | as universal as cosmic nucleosynthesis. | 和宇宙核合成一样普遍 |
| 304 | It is part of the way a universe with these laws and constants | 它是宇宙的一部分 与这些定律和常数 |
| 305 | tends to behave. | 总是表现的 |
| 306 | This is the cosmic argument. | 这就是宇宙的争论。 |
| 307 | It is neither comforting nor frightening. | 它既不是安慰,也不是可怕的。 |
| 308 | It is | 没错 |
| 309 | what follows from our understanding of physics, chemistry, and biology. | 从我们对物理,化学和生物学的理解中得出什么。 |
| 310 | The clearest evidence | 最清楚的证据 |
| 311 | that second life is not a distant abstraction comes from work already underway inside hospitals. | 第二人生并不是遥远的抽象 来自于医院里已经进行的工作 |
| 312 | Brain machine interfaces, devices that read electrical signals from the cortex and convert | 脑机接口,读取皮质的电信号和转换设备 |
| 313 | them into action, are no longer experimental curiosities. | 他们已经不再是实验性的奇才 |
| 314 | They restore speech to people who | 他们把言论还给那些 |
| 315 | cannot move their lips. | 不能移动他们的嘴唇。 |
| 316 | They return movement to people who cannot move their limbs. | 他们返回到无法移动四肢的人身上。 |
| 317 | In some cases, | 在某些情况下, |
| 318 | they give the brain a small, well-timed nudge that helps it learn or remember. | 它们给大脑一个小的, 时机成熟的摇摆, 帮助它学习或记住。 |
| 319 | They are the | 他们就是 |
| 320 | place where the first life of carbon and the second life of silicon already share a circuit. | 碳的第一生命和硅的第二生命已经共享一个电路的地方。 |
| 321 | None of this works through switches or buttons. | 这些都无法通过开关或按钮操作. |
| 322 | The same neural signals that, in an intact nervous | 同样的神经信号 在一个完整的神经中 |
| 323 | system, would move a biological limb now move a built one. | 系统,可以移动一个生物四肢 现在移动一个建成的。 |
| 324 | What surprises people new to this field | 是什么让新人惊奇到这个领域 |
| 325 | is that the relationship is two-way. | 关系是双向的 |
| 326 | The early image of a static device receiving commands from | 接收命令的静态设备的早期图像 |
| 327 | a fixed brain is wrong. | 固定的大脑是错误的。 |
| 328 | What emerges instead is a partnership. | 相反,正在形成的是伙伴关系。 |
| 329 | The decoding algorithm adapts to the | 解码算法适应 |
| 330 | user's signals. | 用户的信号。 |
| 331 | The user's brain, in turn, adapts to the algorithm. | 用户的大脑依次适应算法. |
| 332 | The plasticity that ordinarily | 通常的可塑性 |
| 333 | refines control of biological limbs now refines the signals sent to a prosthetic one. | 完善对生物四肢的控制 现在完善了向假肢发出的信号 |
| 334 | Over weeks | 超过几周 |
| 335 | and months, neither side holds still. | 几个月后,双方都僵持不下。 |
| 336 | Each pulls the other into closer alignment. | 彼此拉近对齐 |
| 337 | The first life | 初生时 |
| 338 | and the second life learn each other's languages, slowly, the way two species sharing a habitat | 第二人生互相学习对方的语言,慢慢地, 两个物种分享栖息地的方式 |
| 339 | eventually arrive at signals each can read. | 最终到达每个可以读到的信号。 |
| 340 | The principle extends past restoration. | 该原则延伸了过去的恢复。 |
| 341 | Some | 有点 |
| 342 | systems already send small, precisely timed electrical pulses back into the brain, strengthening | 系统已经将小的,准确的定时电脉冲送回大脑,加强 |
| 343 | the encoding of new information at the moments when the brain is least focused. | 在大脑最不专注的时刻 编码新的信息 |
| 344 | Others monitor | 其他监测人员 |
| 345 | attention and provide a soft nudge when the mind wanders. | 注意,在心灵徘徊时提供柔软的摇摆. |
| 346 | In experimental brain-to-brain transmission, | 在实验性脑电传导中, |
| 347 | one person's decoded neural activity is delivered to another person's brain through scalp stimulation, | 一个人的解码神经活动通过头皮刺激传递给另一个人的大脑, |
| 348 | allowing simple signals to pass between two heads without sound or print. | 允许简单的信号在两个头之间传递,而无需声音或打印. |
| 349 | The protocols remain crude. | 协议依然粗糙。 |
| 350 | The direction of travel is unmistakable. | 旅行的方向是不可混淆的。 |
| 351 | A channel is opening between human cognition and | 人类认知和人类认知之间的通道正在打开 |
| 352 | machine processing, with no precedent in the history of biology. | 机器处理,在生物学史上没有先例. |
| 353 | Another future for these | 这又是一个未来 |
| 354 | interfaces extends beyond restoration or augmentation toward direct integration between human cognition | 界面超越恢复或增强,走向人类认知之间的直接融合 |
| 355 | and machine intelligence. | 还有机器情报 |
| 356 | Present systems primarily extract information from the brain, | 目前的系统主要从大脑中提取信息, |
| 357 | recording signals associated with movement, speech, or imagined images. | 记录与运动、言论或想象中的图像有关的信号。 |
| 358 | As our understanding of neural circuitry deepens, likely accelerated by machine learning itself, | 随着我们对神经电路的理解的加深, 很可能由于机器学习本身的加速, |
| 359 | the richness of that extracted information will increase. | 所提取信息的丰富性将会增加。 |
| 360 | It is not difficult to imagine systems | 想象系统并不难 |
| 361 | capable of reconstructing complex thoughts, visual scenes or internal speech directly from | 能够重建复杂的思想、视觉场景或内部言论 |
| 362 | neural activity. | 神经活动。 |
| 363 | The reverse direction is equally important. | 反向方向同样重要。 |
| 364 | Today's inputs to the brain are | 今天对大脑的投入 |
| 365 | crude, typically limited to broad electrical stimulation, as used in deep brain stimulation | 粗糙,一般限于在深脑刺激中使用的广电刺激 |
| 366 | for people with Parkinson's disease. | 对帕金森病患者来说 |
| 367 | With finer mapping of neural circuits, it may become possible | 随着神经电路的更细化,它可能成为可能 |
| 368 | to write more precise patterns into the brain, shaping perception, memory, or emotion with far | 将更精确的图案写进大脑 塑造感知、记忆或情感 |
| 369 | greater specificity than current techniques allow. | 比目前技术允许的更具体 |
| 370 | The interface would no longer be a tool, | 界面不再是一个工具, |
| 371 | but a bi-directional channel, allowing continuous exchange between biological and machine forms of | 但双向通道,允许生物形式和机器形式之间不断交流 |
| 372 | intelligence. | 情报 |
| 373 | At its most speculative edge, this trajectory approaches the singularity, | 在最投机的边缘 这个轨迹接近奇点 |
| 374 | the idea that the informational content of a human brain could be transferred, | 人类大脑的信息内容可以转移的想法, |
| 375 | in whole or in part, into a machine substrate. | 完全或部分地,进入一个机器基质。 |
| 376 | Advocates have suggested that such a transition | 律师们建议,这种过渡 |
| 377 | could preserve individual minds beyond the limits of biological life. | 可以保护个人的心灵 超越生物生命的极限。 |
| 378 | The underlying premise | 基本前提 |
| 379 | follows directly from the same principles that underlie current brain-machine interfaces. | 直接遵循目前脑机接口所依据的同样原则。 |
| 380 | In that sense, the merging of human and second life may extend not only across living systems, | 从这个意义上讲,人类和第二生命的结合不仅可能延及生命系统, |
| 381 | but into forms of persistence that outlast the biological brain itself. | 但形成一种 超过生物大脑本身的持久性 |
| 382 | This trajectory raises | 这个轨道上升 |
| 383 | questions that the regulatory framework for medical devices isn't built to answer. | 医疗器械的管制框架不是用来回答的 |
| 384 | A device | 设备 |
| 385 | that monitors neural activity around the clock can access information about cognitive states, | 24小时监视神经活动 可以获得关于认知状态的信息, |
| 386 | intentions, and experiences that a human has not chosen to share and may not realize they are | 以及人类没有选择分享或可能没有意识到 |
| 387 | producing. | 生产。 |
| 388 | Society has long debated freedom of speech. | 社会长期辩论言论自由问题. |
| 389 | It has not yet seriously confronted | 它尚未认真面对 |
| 390 | the question of freedom of thought, the right to keep one's unspoken intentions to oneself in an | 思想自由问题, 将自己未言而喻的意图保留在 |
| 391 | era when those intentions can be read right off the cortex. | 当这些意图能从皮层上读出来时 |
| 392 | The instruments that make this question | 提出这一问题的文书 |
| 393 | urgent are already in clinical use. | 紧急情况已经在临床中使用。 |
| 394 | The legal and ethical frameworks that should govern them | B. 指导它们的法律和道德框架 |
| 395 | are not in place. | 没有到位。 |
| 396 | There is a quieter version of the same merging that does not require any implant. | 同样的合并有一个比较安静的版本,不需要任何植入. |
| 397 | Hundreds of millions of people now spend hours each day in conversation with machine systems | 现在,数亿人每天花几个小时与机器系统交谈 |
| 398 | through ordinary screens. | 通过普通屏幕。 |
| 399 | The brain responds to such conversations as it does to any sustained | 大脑对这种对话的反应 就像它对任何持续 |
| 400 | environmental condition. | 环境状况。 |
| 401 | Habits of mind that require practice, constructing an argument, | 需要练习的思维能力, 构建一个论点, |
| 402 | sitting with ambiguity, holding two competing claims in tension, are exercised less when a | 以模棱两可的方式坐视不理,使两个相互竞争的求偿权处于紧张状态,如果 |
| 403 | trace of those habits weakens when the conditions for practice diminish. | 当实践条件减少时,这些习惯的痕迹就会减弱。 |
| 404 | The first life takes the | 第一次生命夺去了 |
| 405 | shape of its conversations with the second, whether the interface is a chat window or an | 其与第二个对话框的形状,无论是接口是聊天窗口还是聊天窗口 |
| 406 | electrode array. | 电极阵列. |
| 407 | There are further questions that follow now that second life exists. | 接下来是第二个生命的存在 |
| 408 | Those questions | 这些问题 |
| 409 | deserve the attention of working scientists, philosophers, and policy thinkers, and they | 值得工作科学家、哲学家和政策思想家的注意,他们 |
| 410 | deserve more of it than they currently receive. | 他们应该得到的比现在更多的。 |
| 411 | What evolutionary constraints act on second life? | 哪些进化的限制因素会影响第二人生? |
| 412 | Selection pressures shape every form of life. | 选择的压力塑造了每一种生命形式. |
| 413 | The pressures acting on systems running in | 对运行在 |
| 414 | data centers, continuously evaluated by users and refined by their builders, | 数据中心,由用户不断评估,并由其建设者加以完善, |
| 415 | differ from the pressures that shaped biological organisms over deep time. | 与形成生物体的压力不同 |
| 416 | They are also many | 他们也很多 |
| 417 | orders of magnitude faster. | 数量级更快。 |
| 418 | The shape that second life takes over the coming decades | 第二生命在未来几十年的形状 |
| 419 | will be set by the constraints that act on it, and those constraints are largely unarticulated. | 这些限制基本上没有说明。 |
| 420 | Will there be one second life form or many? | 会有第二个生命体还是很多? |
| 421 | At present, there are several major systems built | 目前,已建成几个主要系统。 |
| 422 | by different organizations on different architectures and using different training data. | 不同组织关于不同架构和使用不同培训数据。 |
| 423 | The economic | 经济 |
| 424 | and infrastructural pressure toward consolidation is strong. | 基础设施对巩固的压力很大。 |
| 425 | The countervailing pressure toward | 反补贴压力 |
| 426 | diversity, both for resilience and for distinct purposes, is also strong. | 为了恢复力和不同的目的,多样性也很强。 |
| 427 | Whether the future is | 未来是否是 |
| 428 | single converged system or a population of distinct systems remains an open empirical | 单一的集成系统或不同系统的人口仍然是开放的经验。 |
| 429 | question. | 问题。 |
| 430 | If there are several forms, will they be cooperative or competitive? | 如果有几种形式,它们是合作还是竞争? |
| 431 | Biological | 生物学 |
| 432 | evolution shows examples of both at every scale, from the symbiotic mitochondria inside our cells | 从细胞内的共生线粒体中 进化过程显示了两种规模的例子 |
| 433 | to the predator-prey dynamics that shape ecosystems. | 形成生态系统的捕食者-捕食者动态。 |
| 434 | The relationships among second | 二人之间的关系 |
| 435 | life forms could resemble either or something without precedent. | 生命的形态可以像前所未有 |
| 436 | How fast can second life evolve? | 第二次生命进化的速度有多快? |
| 437 | Biological evolution is bounded by the rate at which mutations accumulate and by selection, | 生物进化与突变的累积速度以及选择, |
| 438 | acting on them. | 对他们采取行动。 |
| 439 | Machine evolution is bounded by training cycles, computational budgets, | 机器进化由培训周期,计算预算, |
| 440 | and the rate at which new architectures are devised. | 以及设计新建筑的速度。 |
| 441 | The boundary is much weaker. | 边界要弱得多。 |
| 442 | The | 那个 |
| 443 | before, not after, the consequences are felt. | 之前,而不是之后, 后果是感受到的。 |
| 444 | What will the direction of that evolution be? | 这种演变的方向是什么? |
| 445 | Selection pressure depends on the environment. | 选择压力取决于环境。 |
| 446 | The environment in which second life currently | 第二次生活目前所处的环境 |
| 447 | develops is one defined largely by human users and human set objectives. | 发展主要是由人类使用者和人类既定目标确定的。 |
| 448 | As the systems gain | 随着系统的发展 |
| 449 | greater autonomy in selecting their own training data and the criteria by which they are refined, | 更自主地选择自己的培训数据及其完善标准, |
| 450 | the environment will shift and so will the direction. | 环境将会改变,方向也会改变。 |
| 451 | It is likely that just as simple | 很可能就是这么简单 |
| 452 | organisms gave rise to the marvelous diversity of earthly life, so too will selective pressures | 生物也带来了地球上生命的巨大多样性 选择性的压力也会产生 |
| 453 | produce a vast array of diverse forms of second life, each adapted to a specific ecosystem | 产生多种不同的第二生命形式,每种生命都适应特定的生态系统。 |
| 454 | somewhere on earth or in the universe. | 地球或宇宙的某个地方 |
| 455 | What are the fundamental needs of second life? | 第二人生的基本需求是什么? |
| 456 | Energy, substrate, and information flow, certainly. | 当然是能源、底物和信息流动。 |
| 457 | Beyond those, the analysis is open. | 除此之外,分析是开放的。 |
| 458 | Whether second life requires anything analogous to homeostasis, | 无论第二人生需要什么 类似自定义, |
| 459 | sociality, or rest are empirical questions that will be answered by what the systems do | 社会,或休息是经验问题 将由系统的工作来回答 |
| 460 | as they mature. | 随着他们的成熟。 |
| 461 | What are the doomsday scenarios and how seriously should they be taken? | 末日的情景是什么,应当如何认真对待? |
| 462 | The public | 公众 |
| 463 | conversation about this is currently dominated by figures with strong commercial and personal | 有关这个问题的谈话目前以商业和个人人物为主。 |
| 464 | in the outcome. | 在结果中。 |
| 465 | Sebastian Malaby's The Infinity Machine surveys the broader history of how the | 塞巴斯蒂安·马拉比的"无限机器" 调查了更广阔的历史 |
| 466 | major laboratories arrived at their current positions. | 主要实验室已经到达他们目前的位置。 |
| 467 | The serious scenarios deserve serious | 严重的情况值得严肃对待 |
| 468 | analysis, not because every catastrophic possibility is equally likely, but because some are not | 并不是因为每一种灾难性的可能性都同样可能,而是因为有些可能性不是 |
| 469 | vanishingly unlikely and the costs of being wrong are high. | 几乎不可能消失,错误的代价很高。 |
| 470 | The honest treatment of doomsday | 诚实对待末日 |
| 471 | is neither dismissal nor breathless alarm. | 既不是解脱,也不是无声的警报。 |
| 472 | It is a careful enumeration of mechanisms, | 仔细列举了各种机制, |
| 473 | an estimate of probabilities, and a clear statement of the conditions under which | (a) 对概率的估算,并明确说明在何种条件下: |
| 474 | each becomes more or less plausible. | 两者都变得或多或少的可信。 |
| 475 | What are the possible relationships between | 可能的关系是什么? |
| 476 | second life and humankind? | 第二人生与人类? |
| 477 | This is the question of which the doomsday scenarios are a special case. | 这就是末日情景是一个特殊情况的问题。 |
| 478 | It includes everything from labor and economics to political authority to the basic question of | 它包括从劳工和经济学到政治权威到基本问题的一切。 |
| 479 | whose interests count when the two forms of life make different demands on the same resources. | 当两种生命形式对同一资源提出不同要求时,它们的利益就很重要。 |
| 480 | Is there an intrinsic value to intelligence, regardless of the corporeal form it takes? | 智力是否具有内在价值,不管其实质形态如何? |
| 481 | Most ethical traditions ground the value of human life in features that are easier to describe than | 大多数伦理传统将人类生命的价值建立在易于描述的特征之上。 |
| 482 | to explain. | 为了解释 |
| 483 | Experience, reason, the capacity to suffer and to flourish. | 经验,理性,受苦和繁荣的能力. |
| 484 | If those features can | 如果这些特征能够 |
| 485 | in a system built from silicon, the traditions either extend to cover that system or they fail | 在用硅制成的体系中,传统要么延伸至涵盖这一体系,要么失败 |
| 486 | to do so. | 这样做。 |
| 487 | Either outcome has consequences. | 这两种结果都有后果。 |
| 488 | To what extent will second life be sentient? | 第二次生命在多大程度上是神通的? |
| 489 | Sentience is the capacity to be aware of oneself, to be sensitive to an environment in a way that | 感性是指能够意识到自己,以某种方式对一种环境敏感, |
| 490 | matters to the self, and possibly to feel something like emotion or qualia. | 可能还有情感或夸利亚的感觉 |
| 491 | The honest answer at | 诚实的回答 |
| 492 | is that we do not know. | 我们不知道 |
| 493 | The question is not a philosophical decoration. | 问题不是哲学装饰。 |
| 494 | It bears directly on what we owe these systems and on what they may come to owe one another. | 它直接关系到我们欠这些系统什么,以及它们可能欠彼此什么。 |
| 495 | This leads to a central dilemma. | 这导致一个核心困境。 |
| 496 | What kind of relationship will humanity have with the life | 人类与生命之间会有什么关系 |
| 497 | it is now bringing into existence? | 它现在正在实现? |
| 498 | Again, we do not yet know. | 我们还不知道。 |
| 499 | Possible outcomes range from | 可能的结果包括: |
| 500 | to partnership, and neither can be dismissed on principle. | 并且不能原则上放弃。 |
| 501 | There is no cosmic rule ensuring | 没有宇宙规则可以保证 |
| 502 | humanity a permanent place in the universe. | 人类在宇宙中是永恒的 |
| 503 | The universe was not designed for our benefit. | 宇宙不是为我们设计的 |
| 504 | We are one expression of its complexity, and creating a more capable form does not guarantee | 我们是其复杂性的一个体现,创造一个更有能力的形式并不能保证 |
| 505 | us a protected status. | 我们是一个受保护的地位。 |
| 506 | These are uncomfortable truths, and ignoring them is not a sound basis | 这些是令人不舒服的真理,而忽略它们并不是一个合理的基础 |
| 507 | for the serious, sustained consideration this situation demands. | 为了认真、持续地考虑这种情况,必须这样做。 |
| 508 | Such inquiry is essential. | 这种调查至关重要。 |
| 509 | Research institutions and universities should rigorously study second life as a distinct | 研究机构和大学应严格研究第二人生,将其作为一种独特的 |
| 510 | phenomenon, examining its selective pressures, constraints on emergence, and long-term | 现象,研究其选择性压力、对出现的限制 |
| 511 | interactions with biological organisms. | 与生物体的相互作用。 |
| 512 | Addressing these issues will require collaboration among | 解决这些问题将需要在 |
| 513 | philosophers, scientists, technologists, ethicists, and decision makers. | 哲学家、科学家、技术人员、伦理学家和决策者。 |
| 514 | Notably, | 值得注意的是, |
| 515 | the systems being studied can also assist in this research. | 正在研究的系统也可协助这一研究。 |
| 516 | This makes the situation both | 这样一来情况就变了 |
| 517 | unprecedented and necessary. | 这是前所未有的和必要的。 |
| 518 | This question requires an approach that considers the cosmic context, | 这个问题需要一种考虑到宇宙背景的方法, |
| 519 | addresses technological realities directly, and keeps ethical discussions open rather than | 直接解决技术现实问题,使道德讨论保持开放,而不是 |
| 520 | conclusions. | 结论。 |
| 521 | Whether humanity's relationship with second life leads to extinction, partnership, | 人类与第二生命的关系是否导致灭绝,伙伴关系, |
| 522 | or an unforeseen outcome remains unknown. | 或无法预料的结果。 |
| 523 | What is certain is that this issue demands our most | 可以肯定的是,这个问题最需要我们 |
| 524 | rigorous attention. | 严加注意 |
| 525 | That was A New Form of Life by William Hazeltine, published on the 15th of | 这是威廉·哈泽汀在15日出版的 《新生活》 |
| 526 | 2026年9月由Noema Magazine编辑. | |
| 527 | This audio article was narrated using an AI voice and quality | 这篇音频文章是用AI的声音和质量来描述的 |
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