《经济学人》面纱与暗流：欧洲的伊斯兰主义困局 [C1] 原声

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P1	《经济学人》面纱与暗流：欧洲的伊斯兰主义困局 [C1] 原声	20:01

P1 · 《经济学人》面纱与暗流：欧洲的伊斯兰主义困局 [C1] p01 原声 (P1)

《经济学人》面纱与暗流：欧洲的伊斯兰主义困局 [C1] p01 原声 (P1)

发布于 2026-09-16 · 时长 20:01

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:05	Briefing	情况介绍会
0:06	Islamism in Europe	欧洲的伊斯兰主义
0:08	Of veils and threats	面纱和威胁
0:11	Few Muslims want to subvert European democracy,	很少有穆斯林想颠覆欧洲民主
0:15	but there is no easy way to counter those who do.	但是,要对付那些这样做的人并不容易。
0:19	Muhammad Luizy was first approached by representatives of the Muslim Brotherhood	Muhammad Luizy首先被穆斯林兄弟会的代表接触。
0:25	in Casablanca, Morocco, at the age of 13.	在摩洛哥卡萨布兰卡,13岁。
0:28	By 18, he had pledged allegiance to the movement,	到18岁,他已宣誓效忠该运动,
0:32	which works to institute Islamic rule around the world.	它致力于在全世界建立伊斯兰统治。
0:37	In 1999, as a student in France,	1999年,作为法国学生,

展开字幕全文（197 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	Briefing	情况介绍会
2	Islamism in Europe	欧洲的伊斯兰主义
3	Of veils and threats	面纱和威胁
4	Few Muslims want to subvert European democracy,	很少有穆斯林想颠覆欧洲民主
5	but there is no easy way to counter those who do.	但是,要对付那些这样做的人并不容易。
6	Muhammad Luizy was first approached by representatives of the Muslim Brotherhood	Muhammad Luizy首先被穆斯林兄弟会的代表接触。
7	in Casablanca, Morocco, at the age of 13.	在摩洛哥卡萨布兰卡,13岁。
8	By 18, he had pledged allegiance to the movement,	到18岁,他已宣誓效忠该运动,
9	which works to institute Islamic rule around the world.	它致力于在全世界建立伊斯兰统治。
10	In 1999, as a student in France,	1999年,作为法国学生,
11	he became its representative at two mosques	他成为两座清真寺的代表
12	and head of the local branch of the Muslim Students of France	法国穆斯林学生地方分部负责人
13	in the city of Lille.	在里尔市。
14	His task, he says, was to spread Islamism,	他说他的任务是传播伊斯兰教
15	the idea that Islam should be the organising principle of government and society.	伊斯兰应当成为政府和社会的组织原则。
16	But by 2006, alarmed by what he had begun to see as a totalitarian project,	但到2006年,他震惊地看到一个极权主义的项目,
17	Mr Luizy quit the Brotherhood.	路易斯先生退出兄弟会
18	He considers the movement a real danger for France and for Muslims.	他认为这个运动对法国和穆斯林来说是一个真正的危险.
19	We need to help the Muslim community get rid of Islamism.	我们需要帮助穆斯林社区摆脱伊斯兰教。
20	The French authorities, too, are worried about the Brotherhood's activities,	法国当局也担心兄弟会的活动,
21	a report published by the Interior Ministry in 2025	内政部2025年发表的一份报告
22	entitled The Muslim Brotherhood and Political Islam in France	法国的穆斯林兄弟会和政治伊斯兰教
23	concluded that it could, in time, threaten the country's secular rules and women's rights.	它的结论是,它可能及时威胁到该国的世俗规则和妇女权利。
24	Measuring the threat is tricky because the Brotherhood practices entryism,	衡量威胁很困难因为兄弟会实行入门主义
25	the report said, using a double language by which it hides its real intentions	报告说,使用双重语言掩盖其真实意图
26	while claiming to share the rules and principles regulating Western societies.	并宣称分享管理西方社会的规则和原则。
27	It is not just France where Islamism is seen to be a threat.	伊斯兰主义不光是法国的威胁。
28	Sweden's centre-right government recently initiated a formal inquiry	瑞典中右翼政府最近发起了正式调查
29	into its infiltration in Swedish society.	进入瑞典社会。
30	Islamism as a political ideology threatens several fundamental values	伊斯兰主义作为一种政治意识形态,威胁到若干基本价值观
31	of Sweden's democratic society, declared Hans Eklund,	瑞典民主社会宣布汉斯·埃克伦德
32	a government MP, in the accompanying press release.	a 政府议员,载于所附新闻稿。
33	Ahead of elections in Berlin later this month,	本月晚些时候在柏林举行选举之前,
34	the CDU, Germany's ruling party, has put up posters promising	德国执政党民主股张贴了有希望的海报
35	or freedom rather than Islamism.	自由而不是伊斯兰教。
36	Europe's right-wing populists go much further,	欧洲的右翼民粹主义者走得更远
37	routinely assailing Muslim immigrants as a threat to European civilisation.	威胁欧洲文明
38	The AfD, which won an election this week in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt,	本周赢得德国萨克森-安哈尔特州选举的联邦民主党
39	pledged to curb construction of mosques there and restrict any public Muslim calls to prayer.	承诺限制在那里建造清真寺,限制任何公开的穆斯林祈祷。
40	Eric Zemmour, a French nationalist, once warned that Muslims want to	法国民族主义者Eric Zemmour曾警告说,穆斯林希望
41	slit our throats.	割断我们的喉咙。
42	Rikard Jonssof, 瑞典民主党议员,
43	says the best thing for Swedish Muslims to do is stop being Muslims.	说瑞典穆斯林最好的办法是停止做穆斯林.
44	The PVV, a Dutch party, wants to ban Islam for 20 years.	PVV是一个荷兰政党,希望禁止伊斯兰教20年.
45	Fully 39 of the Netherlands' 150 MPs supported a parliamentary motion earlier this year	荷兰150名议员中,
46	stating Islam does not belong in the Netherlands.	表示伊斯兰教不属于荷兰。
47	The anti-Muslim clamour may be deafening,	反穆斯林的叫声可能耳聋,
48	but the actual numbers of Muslims are modest.	但穆斯林的实际人数不多。
49	They account for less than 10% of the population in every Western European country.	在每个西欧国家,她们只占人口的不到10%。
50	Their numbers, however, have been growing fast.	然而,他们的人数一直在迅速增长。
51	Lots of European countries, including France, Germany and Sweden,	许多欧洲国家,包括法国、德国和瑞典,
52	do not compile official statistics on their citizens' religious beliefs,	(c) 不编制关于其公民宗教信仰的官方统计数字,
53	yet estimates suggest that the Muslim share of France's population	然而,估计表明,穆斯林在法国人口中所占比例
54	jumped from 6.6% in 2010 to 9.1% in 2020.	2010年为6.6%,2020年为9.1%。
55	In Sweden, the leap has been even faster, from 4.5% to 8.1%.	在瑞典,这一跃进甚至更快,从4.5%上升到8.1%。
56	In most European countries, Muslims are a growing presence.	在大多数欧洲国家,穆斯林的势力越来越大。
57	Much of the growth comes from a wave of refugees from Syria and elsewhere that peaked in 2015.	增长的大部分来自2015年达到顶峰的叙利亚和其他地方的难民潮。
58	Broadly speaking, the new arrivals have integrated quickly.	广义上说,新来港定居人士的融合很快.
59	Germany's Institute for Employment Research says that 64% of those who had arrived in 2015	德国就业研究所表示,64%的2015年抵达者.
60	had found work by 2022, close to the national employment rate of 70%.	到2022年已经找到工作,接近全国70%的就业率。
61	Last year, a report from University of Munster found that 88% of Muslims feel comfortable in Germany,	去年,蒙斯特大学的一份报告发现,88%的穆斯林在德国感到舒适,
62	and 73% wanted to integrate unreservedly and without qualification.	73%的人希望毫无保留和毫无限制地融入社会。
63	In Britain, the children of immigrants do better at school than the native-born.	在英国,移民的子女在学校的表现优于土生土长的人.
64	A study by France's National Institute of Demographic Studies found that 32% of the children of parents	法国国家人口研究所的一项研究发现,32%的父母子女
65	who both immigrated from the Maghreb hold a higher education degree.	从马格里布移民的人都拥有高等教育学位。
66	That is lower than the figure for France as a whole, 43%, but far higher than the 3% of their parents who do.	这比整个法国的数字低43%,但远远高于其父母的3%。
67	Nonetheless, there are pockets in many European countries where integration is proceeding slowly, if at all.	然而,在许多欧洲国家中,有些地方的一体化进程缓慢,如果有的话。
68	Swedish police label a neighbourhood a vulnerable area if it has persistent problems with crime,	瑞典警方称邻里为脆弱地区,如果邻里长期存在犯罪问题;
69	religious extremism or parallel social structures that challenge the functionality of society.	宗教极端主义或挑战社会功能的平行社会结构。
70	The suburb of Rosengård in the southern city of Malmo has been on its list for more than a decade.	南部城市马尔莫的罗森戈尔德郊区在它的名单上已有十多年.
71	It appears to be strongly Muslim, despite the lack of official data.	尽管缺少官方数据,但穆斯林似乎非常强烈。
72	On Eid, everything here stops, says Kashif Wirk, an imam from Malmo's small group of Ahmadi Muslims.	在开斋节,这里的一切都停止了,Kashif Wirk说,来自马尔莫的一小群艾哈迈德穆斯林的伊玛目.
73	In the local shopping centre, almost every woman is wearing a head covering.	在当地购物中心,几乎每个女人都戴着头罩.
74	It's a very segregated area, says Mr Wirk.	维尔克先生说,这是一个非常隔离的地区。
75	That does not make Rosengård a no-go zone, however, as some alarmists have claimed.	然而,这并没有使罗森戈尔德成为一个禁区,正如一些警告者声称的那样。
76	In fact, it receives extra attention from the police.	事实上,它得到了警方的特别关注。
77	Nor have the growth of Europe's Muslim minority and the problems with integration	欧洲穆斯林少数民族的成长和融合问题也不存在。
78	led, as many pessimists had predicted, to an explosion of violence in the name of Islam.	正如许多悲观主义者所预测的那样,导致以伊斯兰名义的暴力爆炸。
79	Europol reports that there were 24 attempted acts of jihadist terror in the European Union last year,	欧洲刑警组织报告说,去年在欧洲联盟发生了24起未遂的圣战恐怖行为,
80	most of which were foiled.	大部分都被挫败了
81	The nine that were carried out, eight of which were stabbings	执行的9次,其中8次是刺伤
82	and one an attempt to run people over with a car, led to five deaths.	一次是企图用车撞人导致五人死亡
83	Most involved lone assailants, without clear external assistance or encouragement.	多数涉及单独攻击者,没有明确的外部援助或鼓励。
84	The numbers for 2024 were similar, with six attacks causing six deaths.	2024年的数字类似,6次袭击造成6人死亡.
85	There was nothing even remotely on the same scale as the 9-11 attacks in America in 2001,	与2001年美国9-11袭击事件相比,甚至没有类似规模的东西。
86	whose 25th anniversary falls this week.	本周25周年纪念日落幕.
87	An assault on a gay pride parade in Berlin in July,	7月在柏林发生的一起攻击同性恋骄傲游行的事件,
88	in which an extremist rammed participants with a van, killing one, is typical.	一个极端主义分子用一辆面包车撞伤参与者,杀死其中一人是典型的。
89	Police in European countries have long experience of countering Islamic terror networks.	欧洲国家的警察在打击伊斯兰恐怖网络方面有着长期的经验。
90	They arrest hundreds of suspected jihadists each year.	他们每年逮捕数百名疑似圣战者.
91	They had in fact arrested the attacker in Berlin,	他们事实上在柏林逮捕了袭击者
92	a 21-year-old German of Lebanese descent named Abdulbalut.	一名21岁的黎巴嫩裔德国人,名叫Abdulbalut。
93	He had been convicted of planning a terror attack two months before he actually perpetrated one,	在他实际实施一次恐怖袭击前两个月,他被判策划恐怖袭击。
94	but a court had suspended his sentence.	但法庭却中止了他的判决
95	Although the justice system malfunctioned,	虽然司法系统失灵,
96	police and intelligence agencies seem to have been alert to the danger.	警方和情报机构似乎对危险十分警惕。
97	But even as police have become better at curbing violent extremism,	但即使警察在遏制暴力极端主义方面表现得更好
98	the authorities in many European countries have grown more anxious about Muslims,	许多欧洲国家的当局对穆斯林越来越焦虑,
99	who, although eschewing violence, work to undermine liberal freedoms and secular principles.	他们虽然避开暴力,但竭力破坏自由自由和世俗原则。
100	German officials, for instance, fret about legalistische Islamismus,	例如德国官员对伊斯兰教法律主义的担忧,
101	or legalistic Islamism, which they see as a threat to the constitutional order.	他们认为这威胁到宪法秩序。
102	Simona Mohamson, Sweden's education and integration minister,	西蒙娜·莫汉森瑞典教育和融合部长
103	and herself the daughter of Muslim immigrants, mistrusts political Islam,	她本人是穆斯林移民的女儿,不信任政治伊斯兰教,
104	which aims to shape and influence Swedish society.	目的是塑造和影响瑞典社会。
105	A report from the French Senate in January concluded that the Muslim Brotherhood's methods and ideology	法国参议院1月的一份报告认为,穆斯林兄弟会的方法和意识形态
106	threaten our democratic values and our society's security.	威胁我们的民主价值和社会安全。
107	In April, a senator from the centre-right Republicans Party presented a draft bill	4月,一位来自中右翼共和党的参议员提交了一份法案草案
108	designed to fight entryism in France, arguing that this new strategy deployed quietly by Islamist entities	认为这个新战略是由伊斯兰实体悄悄部署的
109	was designed to replace the republic's principles with religious law.	以宗教法取代共和国的原则。
110	Intelligence agencies point to outfits like Femiso,	情报机构指向像费米索这样的人
111	an association of Muslim youth organisations from around Europe,	欧洲各地穆斯林青年组织协会,
112	which denies any ties to the Brotherhood, but which, the spooks say, is riddled with its supporters.	他们否认与兄弟会有任何联系但那些怪人说与兄弟会的支持者密不可分
113	Femiso purports to speak for all Muslim youth and has received funding from the European Union.	Femiso声称代表所有穆斯林青年发言,并得到了欧洲联盟的资助。
114	Its public activities include seemingly anodyne campaigns against Islamophobia.	其公共活动包括反对仇视伊斯兰教的运动。
115	For its critics, that is the point.	对其批评者来说,这就是重点。
116	Islamist members get to present themselves as mainstream Muslims and make friends in high places.	伊斯兰成员可以把自己表现成主流穆斯林,并在高处交朋友.
117	But others see this as hysteria.	但其他人认为这是歇斯底里。
118	It's not in the data, says Nader Hotate, of the German Centre for Integration and Migration Research in Berlin,	德国柏林融合和移民研究中心的Nader Hotate说,数据里没有这个
119	referring to Germany.	指德国。
120	Nobody has been able to substantiate a threat that corresponds to the moral panic about the Muslim Brotherhood.	没有人能够证实与穆斯林兄弟会的道德恐慌相应的威胁。
121	The numbers of people involved are small.	参与人数很少。
122	The French Interior Ministry's report estimated that there were 400 to 1,000 members of the Brotherhood in France.	法国内政部的报告估计,法国有400至1000名兄弟会成员.
123	These were linked to some 280 charities, youth organisations, sports clubs and the like,	这些协会与大约280个慈善机构、青年组织、体育俱乐部等有联系,
124	as well as 139 mosques, out of a national total of 2,800.	以及全国2 800座清真寺中的139座。
125	It's said that about 91,000 people attend such places of worship out of an estimated Muslim population of about 7.5 million.	据说,在大约750万穆斯林人口中,约有91 000人参加了这种礼拜场所。
126	The report also noted ties between the Brotherhood and 21 of the 74 Muslim schools in France,	报告还指出了兄弟会与法国74所穆斯林学校中的21所之间的联系,
127	educating 4,200 pupils out of a national total of 5.6 million.	在全国560万学生中,4 200人接受了教育。
128	联邦情报局(Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz),或称德国国内情报机构BfV,也负责监视当地的伊斯兰主义者.
129	It estimates that the groups it tracks have roughly 28,000 members.	它估计它所追踪的团体约有28 000名成员。
130	The Dutch authorities, for their part, estimate that only 3 to 5% of Dutch Muslims,	荷兰当局估计,只有3%至5%的荷兰穆斯林,
131	perhaps 25,000 to 50,000 people, have fundamentalist views.	也许25,000到50,000人, 具有原教旨主义观点。
132	But countering Islamism is much harder than these numbers might suggest.	但是,反对伊斯兰教比这些数字可能要困难得多。
133	For one thing, the distinction between Muslims with illiberal views and those seeking to capture or undermine democratic institutions is not always clear.	一方面,持不自由观点的穆斯林与那些企图夺取或破坏民主体制的穆斯林之间的区别并不总是清楚的。
134	Many Muslims denounce homosexuality and would like to ban the burning of the Quran	许多穆斯林谴责同性恋,希望禁止焚烧《古兰经》。
135	or the publication of satirical cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad.	或出版讽刺的先知穆罕默德漫画。
136	As Miss Mohamson notes, it is not a crime to have deeply conservative religious values.	正如莫汉姆森小姐指出的,拥有非常保守的宗教价值观并不是犯罪.
137	It's very difficult to draw the line, says Andy Groter, the Interior Minister of Hamburg,	很难划清界线汉堡内政部长安迪·格罗特说
138	which has the greatest concentration of Muslims of concern to the authorities of all Germany's states.	德国各邦当局最关注的穆斯林。
139	At Sweden's previous election in 2022, more than 30% of voters in Rosengård's main electoral district	在2022年瑞典上一次选举中,罗森戈尔德的主要选区超过30%的选民.
140	cast their ballots for the Nuance Party, which wants to criminalise Islamophobia and the desecration of the Quran.	投票支持努恩斯党,该党希望将仇视伊斯兰教和亵渎《古兰经》的行为定为犯罪。
141	It won just 0.4% of the national vote.	它只赢得了0.4%的全国选票.
142	Especially for younger Muslims, adherence to seemingly conservative anti-secular views	尤其对年轻的穆斯林来说,坚持看似保守的反世俗观点
143	may be a way of expressing their identity in the face of widespread hostility to Islam.	面对对伊斯兰教的普遍敌视,可能是一种表达其特性的方式。
144	Last year, a poll suggested that 44% of French Muslims would prefer to respect Islamic law over French law,	去年的民意调查显示,44%的法国穆斯林倾向于尊重伊斯兰法而不是法国法,
145	up from 28% in 1995.	从1995年的28%上升。
146	Among those under 25, the figure was 52%.	在25岁以下的人口中,这一数字为52%。
147	What is more, Islamists with genuinely subversive goals deliberately muddle the boundaries between themselves and other Muslims.	更有甚者,具有真正颠覆目的的伊斯兰主义者蓄意混淆他们与其他穆斯林之间的界限。
148	In June, Sinan Selen, the Turkish-born head of the BFE, is said to have warned a closed-door session of lawmakers	6月,土耳其出生的BFE首领Sinan Selen据说警告立法者闭门开会。
149	about German groups linked to the Muslim Brotherhood, which he claimed were seeking to co-opt institutions	关于德国与穆斯林兄弟会有联系的团体,他声称这些团体正在寻求联合机构。
150	and establish relationships with politicians.	并与政治家建立关系。
151	European authorities have periodically sought to curtail the activities of institutions or organisations	欧洲当局定期设法限制机构或组织的活动。
152	they accuse of propagating Islamist ideas, or to shut them down altogether.	他们指控宣传伊斯兰思想,或完全关闭伊斯兰思想。
153	In 2020, after a jihadist decapitated Samuel Patti, a schoolteacher who showed pupils cartoons of the Prophet,	2020年,一名圣战者斩首Samuel Patti之后,一名学校教师展示了学生的先知漫画,
154	the French government banned Baraka City, an NGO, and the Collective Against Islamophobia in France,	法国政府禁止非政府组织巴拉卡市和法国反对仇视伊斯兰教联合会,
155	both of which had accused of spreading Islamist propaganda.	两人都被指控传播伊斯兰主义宣传.
156	In 2023, Swedish security services accused employees at Cordoba International School,	2023年,瑞典安全部门指控科尔多瓦国际学校的雇员,
157	an Islamic school in Stockholm, of having links to violent extremists,	在斯德哥尔摩的一所伊斯兰学校, 与暴力极端分子有联系,
158	and said that pupils were at risk of being radicalised.	并说,学生面临激进化的风险。
159	The school inspectorate closed it the following year.	次年学校监察局关闭.
160	11月,德国政府禁止穆斯林Interaktiv,
161	a group that had called thousands of local Muslims onto Hamburg streets to protest in favour of an Islamic caliphate.	一个叫数千名当地穆斯林到汉堡街头抗议,
162	But not all European governments have the authority to ban groups considered hostile to the constitutional order.	但并非所有欧洲政府都有权力禁止被认为敌视宪法秩序的团体.
163	Moreover, proving that an institution or group is subversive, as opposed to a few people within it, can be difficult.	此外,要证明一个机构或团体是颠覆性的,而不是其中的少数人,可能很困难。
164	In 2019, the Dutch security services said Cornelius Hagen Lyceum, a Muslim secondary school in Amsterdam,	2019年,荷兰安全部门称,阿姆斯特丹的一所穆斯林中学Cornelius Hagen Lyceum,
165	had been co-opted by fundamentalist teachers, spreading discriminatory views.	被原教旨主义教师同流合污,散布歧视性观点。
166	The schools sued, and in 2024, a court ruled that the agency's accusations had been misleading.	学校起诉,2024年,一家法院裁定,该机构的指控是误导性的.
167	Episodes like this fuel the perception among European Muslims that they are victims of a witch hunt.	类似这样的诗集激起了欧洲穆斯林的感知,认为他们是女巫猎杀的受害者.
168	Groups involved in de-radicalisation say they must jump through hoops to prove they are not too chummy with Islamists themselves.	参与去激进化的团体说,他们必须跳过圈子来证明自己对伊斯兰主义者本身不是太蠢。
169	There is not one big Muslim organisation in Germany which is not problematised,	德国没有一个大的穆斯林组织没有问题,
170	says Matthias Schmidt of the Islamic Science and Education Institute in Hamburg.	汉堡伊斯兰科学与教育学院的马蒂亚斯·施密特(Matthias Schmidt)说.
171	Not one that is seen as a solution, no matter how often they swear on the Constitution.	不管他们多次对《宪法》宣誓,都不是解决办法。
172	In 2021, Kuta Bushalikht of the Green Left Party in the Netherlands became the first Dutch MP to wear a hijab.	2021年,荷兰绿左党的库塔·布沙利赫特成为首位戴头巾的荷兰议员.
173	The media hounded her over a past role within Femiso and other supposed signs of extremism,	媒体指责她过去在费米索和其他所谓的极端主义迹象中的作用
174	even though she disavowed any Islamist views herself.	尽管她否认任何伊斯兰观点
175	Although she retained her seat in an election in 2023, she turned it down and left politics.	尽管她在2023年的一次选举中保留了自己的席位,但她拒绝了,离开了政界.
176	摩洛哥荷兰记者Lotfi El Hamidi表示,
177	They have come to feel that they will never be accepted as fully Dutch.	他们感到他们永远不会被接受为完全的荷兰人。
178	The hard lesson from places that have been trying to counter Islamism for a long time is that the work is gruelling and open-ended.	从长期以来一直试图反对伊斯兰教的地方得到的艰难教训是,这项工作是令人发指的,而且没有限制。
179	Hamburg adopted a formal Islamism prevention strategy in 2014, knitting together state bodies, Muslim groups, civil society and schools.	2014年,汉堡通过了一项正式的伊斯兰主义预防战略,将国家机构、穆斯林团体、民间社会和学校结合在一起。
180	It drew on a formal contract signed in 2012 between the city government and Muslim community leaders.	它借鉴了2012年市政府与穆斯林社区领袖签署的一份正式合同。
181	Yet problems with extremism persist, as Muslim Interactive showed.	然而,极端主义问题依然存在,穆斯林互动组织就表明了这一点。
182	Indeed, curbing Islamist views is, if anything, getting harder.	事实上,遏制伊斯兰主义观点正在变得更加困难。
183	For one thing, the main source of them may no longer be networks like the Brotherhoods, but social media.	首先,它们的主要来源可能不再是兄弟会这样的网络,而是社交媒体.
184	As Hugo Micheron, a French scholar of political Islam, puts it,	正如法国政治伊斯兰教学者雨果·米切隆所说,
185	algorithms have increasingly replaced the Imams, mentors and professors.	算法逐渐取代了伊玛目,导师和教授.
186	The French Interior Ministry report, for instance, listed 20 influencers, who seemed especially important in this regard.	例如,法国内政部的报告列举了20个影响者,他们在这方面似乎特别重要。
187	In addition, the Islamists have eager allies on social media these days in the form of far-right groups stoking fears of Islam.	此外,伊斯兰主义者在社交媒体上也有热心的盟友,形式是极右团体对伊斯兰教的恐惧。
188	In 2022, a Danish activist publicly burnt copies of the Quran in several locations around Sweden.	2022年,一名丹麦活动家在瑞典周围的几个地点公开焚烧了《古兰经》的复制品。
189	Islamist groups immediately began spreading false rumours that the Swedish authorities were encouraging the burnings, as outraged Muslims rioted.	伊斯兰团体立即开始散布虚假谣言,称瑞典当局鼓励焚烧,因为愤怒的穆斯林暴动.
190	The AFD and radical Islamists are partners, they both thrive on polarisation, says Mr Grote.	Grote先生说,民主联盟和激进的伊斯兰主义者是伙伴,他们都靠两极化而兴旺。
191	The leading candidate in France's presidential election next year, Marine Le Pen,	明年法国总统选举的主要候选人,Marine Le Pen,
192	not content with France's existing ban on the headscarf and other ostentatious religious symbols in government buildings,	不满足于法国现行对政府建筑中头巾和其他显性宗教标志的禁令,
193	is calling for a ban in all public places.	要求禁止所有公共场所。
194	That is bound to push many merely pious French Muslims into the embrace of the extremists.	这必然会把许多纯粹虔诚的法国穆斯林推向极端分子的怀抱。
195	Ahmed Marcouch, the Mayor of the Dutch city of Arnhem and a former MP for the Labour Party, worries about what is to come.	荷兰阿纳姆市市长、工党前议员Ahmed Marcouch担心未来将如何。
196	The idea of a public discussion about how best to handle extreme views within the Muslim community was a good one, he says,	他说,关于如何在穆斯林社区内最好地处理极端观点的公开讨论是一个好主意,
197	but that dialogue never really got a chance.	但这种对话从来没有真正的机会。

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