【牛津辩论】亿万富翁的“慈善”只是“声誉洗白”的遮羞布？

发布于 2026-03-27 · 时长 1:22:14

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:09	Well I'm delighted to open this debate on behalf of my teammates and our	我很高兴代表我的队友和我们
0:15	opponents.	对手
0:17	Thanks so much to the chairs for organizing.	非常感谢各位主席安排了会议。
0:22	In keeping, so I'll let my	保持,所以我会让我的
0:24	team introduce themselves in turn when they come up to the podium and in	队伍在登上讲台和登上讲台时依次自我介绍
0:28	keeping with tradition I'll spend a bit more time introducing our opponents.	我会花更多时间介绍我们的对手
0:33	But	不过
0:33	I wish to note too that initially there was four against three and I was given	我也希望指出,最初有4对3,我得到了
0:38	the bios of three people on the opposing team.	3个人的生物资料在对立的团队。
0:41	Then at dinner I was told a secret	晚餐时有人告诉我一个秘密

展开字幕全文（1191 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	Well I'm delighted to open this debate on behalf of my teammates and our	我很高兴代表我的队友和我们
2	opponents.	对手
3	Thanks so much to the chairs for organizing.	非常感谢各位主席安排了会议。
4	In keeping, so I'll let my	保持,所以我会让我的
5	team introduce themselves in turn when they come up to the podium and in	队伍在登上讲台和登上讲台时依次自我介绍
6	keeping with tradition I'll spend a bit more time introducing our opponents.	我会花更多时间介绍我们的对手
7	But	不过
8	I wish to note too that initially there was four against three and I was given	我也希望指出,最初有4对3,我得到了
9	the bios of three people on the opposing team.	3个人的生物资料在对立的团队。
10	Then at dinner I was told a secret	晚餐时有人告诉我一个秘密
11	fourth had been added.	增加了第四项。
12	I was told I couldn't know who it was.	有人告诉我不知道是谁干的
13	It was a sort	有点像
14	of secret weapon.	秘密武器秘密武器
15	I got the name in the queue, I got the college, and I got what	排队的时候我得到了名字,我得到了大学,我得到了什么
16	they're studying.	他们正在学习。
17	Toby Bose Lyons, history in Christchurch, and I was told any other	托比·博斯·里昂斯克赖斯特彻奇的历史
18	reason for why he's here is top secret.	为什么他来这里是绝密的
19	So our first opponent tonight is	所以今晚我们的第一个对手是
20	Shamir Isis.	沙米尔·伊西斯.
21	He's a Rhodes scholar studying for his DPhil here at Oxford	他是罗兹的学者在牛津为他的DPhil学习
22	and he's been quoted in the media as noting that he wants to use his skills	他被媒体引述说他想利用自己的技能
23	in science and diplomacy to give back to less privileged communities, including	在科学和外交方面给予较不享有特权的社区,包括
24	in his own home nation of Pakistan.	在他的祖国巴基斯坦。
25	And that's a very noble goal, so noble that	这是一个非常崇高的目标,如此崇高
26	it's difficult to think of ways to oppose a student who sees philanthropy	很难想出办法来反对一个看到慈善的学生
27	as a route to giving back.	作为回馈的路线
28	But I will still oppose the sentiment and I'll	但我还是会反对这种情绪,我会
29	argue that those who want a truly more equitable society also need to oppose it.	认为那些想要一个真正更公平的社会的人也需要反对。
30	Next is Professor Megan Tomkin-Stang.	接下来是梅根・汤姆金・斯坦教授
31	She's a dear acquaintance of mine who	她是我亲爱的熟人
32	I've known for years and she has been critical of philanthropy in the past but	我认识很多年了她过去一直批评慈善事业
33	who's arguing against the motion today.	他今天反对动议
34	And I really value her willingness to do	我非常珍视她的意愿
35	so.	所以说 So.
36	I value people who can change their minds and feel free to speak against	我珍视那些能改变心意自由说话反对的人
37	decided opinions.	裁决意见。
38	We toasted tonight to free speech and that is such a valued,	我们敬今晚的言论自由, 这是如此珍贵,
39	hallowed thing for us to toast to.	祝我们干杯
40	So I respect Megan's willingness to fight up	所以我尊重梅根的战斗意愿
41	an opposition to the motion tonight.	今晚反对动议
42	But I will also argue tonight that it is	但我今晚也会说
43	billionaire philanthropy that shrinks the space for dissenting opinions,	亿万富翁慈善事业缩小了不同意见的空间
44	especially when a rich donor doesn't like what you have to say.	特别是当一个有钱的捐赠者不喜欢你说的话时
45	Speaking of	说到这里
46	rich donors, let me introduce our fourth opposition speaker who will speak after	富有的捐助者,让我介绍我们的第四位反对者,他将在之后发言。
47	Toby Bowes-Lyon.	托比·鲍尔斯-里昂.
48	He's American.	他是美国人。
49	He's very rich.	他非常有钱。
50	He has spent decades building his	他花了几十年时间来建设自己的
51	fortune in the city of Seattle.	西雅图的财富
52	It's not Bill Gates.	这不是比尔盖茨。
53	I don't know where Mr. Gates	我不知道盖茨先生在哪
54	is tonight.	是今晚。。。
55	I hope he's not being indicted.	我希望他不会被起诉
56	But who knows when you have	但谁知道你什么时候有
57	friends with people like Epstein.	像爱泼斯坦这样的朋友
58	In contrast, I'm really honoured that we	相比之下,我非常荣幸我们
59	have here tonight, Nick Hannawer.	今晚就在这里,尼克汉纳沃。
60	And I can sincerely say that he's actually	我可以真诚地说,他其实
61	someone who I personally admire a lot.	我个人非常崇拜的人
62	After the financial crisis of 2008, Nick	2008年金融危机后,尼克
63	was a rare member of the uber wealthy elite who was willing to say something	是个非常罕见的富豪愿意说点什么
64	that activists around the world have lost their lives for saying, which is	全世界的活动家都因为说出
65	that trickle-down economics does not work.	滴滴的经济学不起作用。
66	Capitalism often preys on the most	资本主义经常是最大的猎物
67	vulnerable people in society.	社会弱势群体。
68	It doesn't prey on the most valuable.	它不捕食最有价值的。
69	It claims to	它声称
70	profit the most valuable.	最有价值的利润
71	But are they the most valuable?	但他们是最有价值的吗?
72	Let's ask Epstein.	让我们问爱泼斯坦。
73	It's a system that shrinks the resources of the many to enrich the very few.	这种制度缩小了许多人的资源,以丰富极少数人.
74	And	还有
75	Nick said that about capitalism.	尼克这么说资本主义
76	He gave a TED talk making some of those points.	他给了TED一个演讲做了一些这些要点。
77	And it was so controversial.	而这太有争议了
78	It was so anti-capitalist that the TED heads refused	TED的头儿们拒绝了
79	to stream it until a public backlash ensued.	然后流到公众的反弹
80	And he's here tonight, a	他今晚来了
81	billionaire who actually wants to say something rare, which is that billionaires	亿万富翁其实想说些稀有的话就是那个亿万富翁
82	should pay more tax, who admits that capitalism doesn't work.	他们承认资本主义行不通。
83	But what does	但是怎样
84	work?	工作吗?
85	Well, according to Nick and his team, philanthropy works.	根据尼克和他的团队的说法慈善事业是有效的
86	Philanthropy can	慈善事业可以
87	solve our problems.	解决我们的问题。
88	And it's doing such a great job.	并且它做了这样一个伟大的工作。
89	So we might hear talk this	所以,我们可能会听到这个
90	evening, for example, about the value of the Rhodes Scholarship, which my	例如,晚上,关于罗兹奖学金的价值,我
91	colleague Mr. Aziz has won, for example.	例如,Aziz先生赢了。
92	Let's think about that scholarship for a	让我们考虑一下奖学金
93	minute.	一分钟。
94	Let's compare two dates.	比较一下两个约会
95	1918.	1918 (英语).
96	1918 was the year that some women in the	1918年是一些女性在
97	UK became eligible to vote.	联合王国获得投票权。
98	1977.	1977 (英语).
99	1977 was the year that, thanks to the recent	1977年,由于最近
100	passing of the UK Sex Discrimination Act, women were finally eligible to be Rhodes	通过《联合王国性别歧视法》,妇女最终有资格成为罗得人。
101	Scholars.	学者.
102	Before that year, only men were eligible.	在该年之前,只有男性有资格获得资格。
103	1991 was the year that Black	1991年是布莱克
104	South Africans were eligible.	南非人获得了资格。
105	Parliaments might achieve full suffrage on paper, but	议会可能通过纸面形式实现完全选举,但
106	behind the scenes, you will often find some philanthropic fund working to ensure	在幕后,你经常会发现一些慈善基金致力于确保
107	that the dead hand of the past advantages only the few, often at the	过去死去的手只有少数,经常在
108	expense of others.	支付他人费用。
109	That's the real problem with philanthropy.	这就是慈善事业的真正问题.
110	Not only that it's a	不仅是一个
111	way for wealthy, the wealthiest people in society to buy favour, or to white clean	富人、社会上最富有的人买到好处,或者白白干净
112	their conscience, but that it wipes out opportunities for those lucky, not lucky	他们的良心,但它抹去了机会那些幸运,而不是幸运
113	enough, to be favoured by a donor's biased and often self-serving whims.	受捐赠者的偏颇和常常是自私的狂喜之意的青睐。
114	Philanthropy shrinks some people's futures, while appearing to advance	慈善事业缩小了一些人的前途,同时似乎在进步
115	humanity.	人类
116	That is the ingenious trick.	这才是聪明的把戏
117	And what happens when they shrink our	而当他们缩小我们
118	common future?	共同的未来?
119	What's expected of us?	我们期待什么?
120	It's thanks.	谢谢
121	We're expected to thank our	我们要感谢我们
122	donors.	捐助者。
123	To show gratitude.	为了表达感激之情
124	社会学家Pierre Bourdieu曾写道:
125	can be even worse than debt, because at least debt has clear repayment terms.	因为至少债务有明确的偿还条件。
126	So	这么说
127	you know when it's squared.	你知道当它是平方的。
128	Too many students here tonight have burdened some	太多学生今晚在这里负担了一些
129	debt.	债务。
130	Why?	为什么?
131	Because it's profitable for others.	因为它对他人有利可图.
132	Because your debt is fueling the	因为你的债正在助长
133	market economy that gave Nick his wealth.	给尼克带来财富的市场经济
134	But even debt, for all its	但即使是债务,所有的一切
135	perniciousness, can be harder to fight than a gift.	邪恶,比天赋更难打
136	A gift gives the power of a	一个礼物赋予了一个力量
137	type of control.	控制类型。
138	They can't be squared by repayment or through being voted out.	它们不能通过还款或被淘汰来平分.
139	Yesterday it was Cecile Rhodes.	昨天是西西莉·罗兹
140	Today it's political donors like Peter Thiel.	今天是彼得·提尔这样的政治捐赠者.
141	Must we bow to Peter Thiel in thanks?	我们必须向彼得·提尔鞠躬感谢吗?
142	That's for you to decide tonight by your	今晚由你决定
143	Next I would like to invite Mr. Aziz through the floor.	接下来我请阿齐兹先生通过发言。
144	Madam President, distinguished guests and members of the House, good evening and	主席女士,尊敬的贵宾和议员们,晚上好,
145	welcome.	欢迎
146	Tonight the proposition is asking us to believe something quite	今晚的提议是让我们相信一些事情
147	extraordinary.	非常特别
148	That one of the greatest forces for improving human life in the	改善人类生活的最大力量之一
149	modern world is actually just a public relations strategy.	现代世界实际上只是一个公共关系战略。
150	Which if it were true,	如果这是真的,
151	I'm pretty sure would make philanthropy the most expensive PR strategy ever	我确信慈善事业会成为有史以来最昂贵的公关策略
152	invented.	发明.
153	But they're asking us to believe that when billions of dollars are	但他们要求我们相信当数十亿美元
154	spent fighting malaria, funding cancer research, and educating disadvantaged	用于防治疟疾、资助癌症研究和教育处境不利者
155	children, what we are really witnessing is just image management.	孩子们,我们真正看到的只是图像管理。
156	That is a	这是个
157	serious accusation, and tonight I will explain why it is not only exaggerated,	今晚我会解释为什么它不仅是夸张,
158	it is fundamentally mistaken.	这根本上是错误的。
159	Now, the speakers on the proposition side believe	现在,提议方的演讲者相信
160	they've uncovered this grand conspiracy of generosity.	他们发现了这个慷慨的大阴谋
161	So before I begin my	所以在我开始之前
162	Let me introduce the scholars who have dedicated their careers to investigating	让我介绍那些致力于调查的学者
163	the suspicious phenomenon of people donating money.	人们捐钱的可疑现象
164	Speaking first is Lindsay	先说林赛
165	McGoy, a sociologist at the University of Essex and the author of the bestselling	麦戈伊,埃塞克斯大学的社会学家和畅销书的作者
166	book, No Such Thing as a Free Gift.	书,没有这样的东西作为免费礼物。
167	Her important work critiques the power and	她的重要作品批评权力和
168	influence of large philanthropic foundations.	大型慈善基金会的影响。
169	And Lindsay, I hope you know	还有林赛我希望你知道
170	that in keeping with your book's title, we will be sending you the invoice for	根据你的书名我们会把发票寄给你
171	the dinner and drinks before this, because there is no such thing as a	之前的晚餐和饮料, 因为没有这样的东西
172	gift.	礼物
173	Next is Erica Cole Arenas, a sociologist at the University of	接下来是艾丽卡·科尔·阿雷纳斯, 大学社会学家
174	California and author of The Self Help Myth, whose research examines how	加利福尼亚州和《自助神话》的作者,其研究研究了如何
175	philanthropy intersects with inequality and power.	慈善事业与不平等和权力交织在一起。
176	And her work asks whether	她的作品问道:
177	philanthropy has some more suspicious underlinings beneath it.	慈善事业下面有些更可疑的图案
178	Now, obviously,	很明显
179	when I wanted to introduce these speakers, I had to search online, you know,	当我想介绍这些扬声器, 我不得不在网上搜索,你知道,
180	their background to introduce to you guys better what they do.	他们的背景向你们介绍他们做的更好。
181	And when I go	当我走的时候
182	on Erica's website, it says Error 404 Not Found, which for someone who thinks	在艾丽卡的网站上上面写着"错误404没有找到"
183	donating money is suspicious is a little suspicious.	捐钱有点可疑
184	We also have Robert	我们也有罗伯特
185	Larson, a writer and scholar who studies ethics, political economy, and the moral	拉森,一位研究伦理,政治经济,道德的作家和学者.
186	implications of wealth and philanthropy.	影响财富和慈善事业。
187	Now, again, I did try and find something	现在,再次,我确实尝试找到一些东西
188	I could jest you about, but the internet search doesn't show much.	我可以开玩笑的,但互联网搜索没有显示多少。
189	Maybe you could	也许你可以
190	link into some reputation laundering of your own to bump those search results.	连结到你自己的名声洗劫以挫败这些搜索结果
191	And finally, we have Alice Crary, a distinguished philosopher known for her	最后,我们有爱丽丝克拉里,一个杰出的哲学家以她而闻名
192	work in ethics, moral philosophy, and social justice, which makes her really the	在伦理、道德哲学和社会公正领域工作,使她真正成为
193	perfect person to debate today, because philosophers have been arguing about the	因为哲学家们一直在争论
194	morality of good deeds for over 2,000 years, and that has really left no	二千多年来的善行道德一直没有
195	problems left for the philanthropist to solve, right guys?	问题留给慈善家解决,对吗?
196	So I'll present three	我介绍三个
197	arguments as to why I think the proposition is mistaken.	我认为这个提议是错误的。
198	Firstly, I'll	首先,我会
199	start by taking their argument at its best and assume that philanthropists do	并假设慈善家确实
200	want to just improve their reputation, and argue that even if so, the motion is	想要提高他们的声誉并争论说即使如此动议是
201	historically backward, and that philanthropy was best suited as a tool for	历史的落后, 而慈善事业最适合作为工具
202	reputation laundering in the medieval or ancient times, not the modern one.	中世纪或古代的名誉清洗,而不是现代的。
203	Second, I'll present a philosophical argument that outcomes matter even if	第二,我将提出一个哲学论点,即结果即使
204	motives are mixed, and to complement that, my third argument will demonstrate the	我的第三个论点是,
205	actual measurable impact of modern philanthropy at such high a scale that we	现代慈善事业在如此大的规模上
206	can reasonably deduce that the aim was not only or centrally reputation laundering.	可以合理地推断,其目的不仅是或中央名誉洗钱。
207	For my first argument, right, ironically, if philanthropy ever did function	对于我的第一个论点,对,讽刺的是, 如果慈善事业曾经运作
208	primarily as a reputation laundering scheme, it was far more effective in	它主要作为一种名誉清洗计划,在以下领域更为有效:
209	ancient times, and here's why.	古今,此为故也.
210	Historically, if you look at figures like	历史上,如果你看的数字像
211	Gaius or Augustus, who built roads and temples and grain programs to cultivate	盖乌斯或奥古斯都,他们建造道路、寺庙和谷物计划以耕种
212	public image and legitimacy, the nature of the world that they lived in allowed	公众形象和合法性、他们生活的世界的性质
213	this to happen.	发生这种情况。
214	If a wealthy patron funded a temple, the public had very few	如果一个有钱的赞助人资助了一座寺庙公众就很少
215	ways to challenge the narrative that this person was generous, noble, and virtuous.	质疑这个人慷慨、高尚和善良的说法。
216	But the nature of the world we live in today is day and night from the world	但我们今天生活的世界的本质是日夜从世界
217	that Augustus was, for lack of a better word, goodwill farming in.	奥古斯都是,由于缺乏更好的词, 善意的农业。
218	Philanthropy could genuinely shape reputation almost uncontested back then,	慈善事业可以真正塑造当时几乎无可争议的声誉,
219	but today, if a billionaire donates to charity, people don't automatically assume	但是今天,如果一个亿万富翁捐献给慈善, 人们不会自动假设
220	moral virtue.	道德品德.
221	They ask questions.	他们问问题。
222	They investigate.	他们调查。
223	They criticize.	他们批评。
224	Public figures today face more scrutiny than at any other time in public history,	今天的公众人物比公共史上任何其他时间都要受到更多的审查,
225	and so the public's argument assumes that these modern audiences are easily swayed	所以公众认为这些现代观众很容易动摇
226	and passive recipients of philanthropic narratives, but that assumption is outdated.	但这种假设已经过时。
227	The point we as the opposition want you to take home from this is not at all that	我们作为反对派希望你从这里回家根本不是
228	every philanthropist is a saint, but instead that we can simultaneously recognize	每个慈善家都是圣人但我们可以同时认识
229	that a philanthropist has funded important programs while still criticizing other	一个慈善家资助了重要的项目却仍然批评其他
230	aspects of their behavior, including questioning the sources of the wealth	包括质疑财富的来源
231	that they have accumulated.	他们已积累了。
232	Now, it was brought up that I am a Rhodes Scholar,	现在,它提出我是罗得学者,
233	and I'll be the first to admit I'm not proud of what Cecil Rhodes did,	我将首先承认我不为塞西尔·罗兹的所作所为感到骄傲
234	and I am in no way bowed down to him.	我绝不顺从他。
235	If anything, the wealth that he did manage	如果有的话,他所处理的财富
236	to accumulate in that way, the best we can do with that now is to sort of do good	这样积累,我们现在能做的最好就是做点好事
237	with it in the world to make sure that those things are not propagated even further.	与它在世界确保这些东西不被进一步传播。
238	This, however, is also outside the scope of our debate because we are talking about	然而,这也超出了我们辩论的范围,因为我们谈论的是:
239	a more downstream issue of what to do with the wealth that has, for better or for worse,	更下游的问题是如何处置财富不论好坏
240	landed into the hands of the top 1%.	落到上1%的手中
241	And as we are proving in real time,	正如我们实时证明的
242	philanthropy today does not grant you reputational immunity.	今天的慈善事业不能让你享有名誉豁免权
243	If anything,	如果有的话
244	it invites more scrutiny by having debates about it in the Oxford Union.	它通过在牛津大学联盟中对此进行辩论,要求进行更多的审查。
245	So if philanthropy was primarily a tool for reputation laundering,	所以如果慈善事业主要是清洗名誉的工具
246	it would have worked far better in ancient Rome than it does on Twitter.	在古罗马会比在推特上好得多
247	From a second argument, the proposition makes a philosophical mistake.	从第二个论点来看,这个提议犯了一个哲学错误。
248	It assumes that if someone benefits reputationally from giving,	它假设,如果某人从给与的名誉中获益,
249	the giving becomes illegitimate.	给钱是非法的
250	But this is morally incoherent.	但这在道德上是不连贯的。
251	Human motivation, you see, is rarely pure.	你看,人类的动机很少是纯洁的。
252	Doctors earn salaries,	医生挣工资
253	very high ones at that.	非常高的这个。
254	Politicians gain prestige.	政治家们获得了声望.
255	Academics gain citations.	学者得到引用。
256	Yet we don't dismiss their contributions	但是我们不否认他们的贡献
257	because their incentives are mixed.	因为他们的激励是混合的。
258	So why don't we question the philanthropists?	我们为什么不质疑慈善家呢?
259	The philosopher Peter Singer famously argued that the ethical value of an action lies in its	哲学家彼得·辛格(Peter Singer)著名地认为,一个行动的道德价值在于它
260	consequences for human well-being.	对人类福祉的影响。
261	Now, modern philanthropy is far from flawless,	现在,现代慈善事业远非完美无缺
262	but the consequences of philanthropy are very clear.	但慈善事业的后果非常清楚。
263	Lives saved, diseases eradicated, educational opportunities created.	挽救生命,消灭疾病,创造教育机会。
264	The proposition asks us to discard these outcomes simply because good will follow generosity.	该提议要求我们放弃这些结果,仅仅是因为善会伴随慷慨。
265	That is not ethical reasoning, ladies and gentlemen.	女士们先生们,这不是道德推理。
266	That is moral cynicism,	这是道德上的愤世嫉俗,
267	which is detached from the reality we live in.	这与我们生活的现实脱节。
268	Thirdly, I'm going to talk to you about the real world impact that modern philosophy,	第三,我要跟你谈谈现实世界对现代哲学的影响,
269	sorry, philanthropy, generally continues to demonstrate.	对不起,慈善事业, 总的来说,继续展示。
270	Now, if philanthropy were primarily reputation laundering,	如果慈善事业主要是名声清洗
271	we would expect symbolic gestures with minimal real world outcomes.	我们期望象征性的姿态,而现实世界的成果却很少。
272	But the data shows the opposite.	但数据却显示相反.
273	As was mentioned, let's look at the work	如前所述,让我们看看工作
274	the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.	比尔和梅林达·盖茨基金会。
275	They've committed over 50 billion dollars	他们已经承诺500多亿美元
276	to global health initiatives.	全球卫生倡议。
277	Their funding helped drive vaccination	他们的资助有助于推动疫苗接种
278	campaigns reaching hundreds of millions of children worldwide.	运动遍及全世界数亿儿童。
279	And global children mortality has fallen from 12.5 million deaths per year in 1990	全球儿童死亡率已从1990年的每年1 250万人下降
280	to under 5 million today due in big part to expanded vaccine access and health funding.	今天不到500万大部分是由于扩大疫苗供应和保健资金
281	I can even give my personal example.	我甚至可以举个例子。
282	I'm a PhD researcher in a lab,	我是实验室的博士研究员
283	and my own research in part is funded by the Gates Foundation.	而我自己的研究部分是由盖茨基金会资助的.
284	And only I and the Gates Foundation representative responsible for my lab know	只有我和盖茨基金会的代表负责我的实验室知道
285	how much money I be spending on those chemicals I order,	我花多少钱买这些化学药品,
286	which definitely any government grant or funding would not let me do because 99 percent of them	绝对是任何政府拨款或资金都不允许我这样做因为其中99%
287	fail.	失败。
288	Also, philanthropy often works where markets and governments fail,	此外,慈善往往在市场和政府失败的地方发挥作用,
289	where there's cracks between markets.	市场之间有裂缝的地方
290	Take neglected diseases, diseases like	接受被忽视的疾病,疾病如:
291	malaria and tuberculosis and polio historically received little private treatment because for	疟疾、肺结核和小儿麻痹症历来很少得到私人治疗,因为
292	profit maximizing agents, there's no ROI.	利润最大化的代理, 没有ROI。
293	There's no incentive.	无有激励.
294	And so philanthropic funding has	所以慈善资助
295	helped bridge that gap.	帮助弥补了这一差距。
296	And the global polio eradication initiative, heavily supported by	以及全球消除小儿麻痹症倡议,该倡议得到
297	philanthropic donors, has reduced polio cases by over 99 percent.	慈善捐助者将小儿麻痹症病例减少了99%以上。
298	All this to say, let me end with	所有这一切要说, 让我结束
299	this.	这个
300	Across the world tonight, a child will receive a vaccine funded by philanthropy.	今晚,全世界都会有儿童接受慈善机构资助的疫苗。
301	A student will attend university because of a scholarship.	学生会因为奖学金而上大学.
302	And a family will drink clean	一个家庭会喝干净的
303	water from a well funded by charitable donations.	从慈善捐款资助的井里取水。
304	None of those people will pause to ask,	没有人会停下来问,
305	was this reputation laundering?	这是名声清洗吗?
306	Hell, many of them won't even know who it came from.	地狱,他们中许多人甚至不知道它来自谁。
307	They will simply know that someone cared enough to help.	他们只知道有人在乎帮助。
308	And in a world with enormous suffering,	在一个充满痛苦的世界里
309	more than we can imagine sitting here in this warm safe chamber, dismissing that help because	比我们想象的还要多坐在这个温暖的安全的房间, 放弃了帮助,因为
310	it also generates goodwill, is not justice.	也会产生善意,不是正义。
311	It is neglect.	这是疏忽。
312	Modern philanthropy is not perfect,	现代慈善事业并不完美
313	but it has saved lives.	但它拯救了生命。
314	It has funded innovation and it has expanded opportunity for millions.	它资助了创新,并为数百万人提供了更多的机会。
315	I, for one, would really love if those billions of billions of dollars of funding didn't suddenly	如果那些亿万的资金不突然出现,我会非常喜欢
316	stop one day because the already comfortable teenagers aren't fed propaganda about someone	一天停止,因为已经舒适的青少年没有喂宣传某人
317	being a hero.	作为一个英雄。
318	I hope that each and every one of you would also love that.	我希望你们每个人都喜欢这样
319	And if you would,	如果你愿意的话,
320	vote no.	投票反对。
321	Thank you.	谢谢
322	Next, I invite the second speaker for proposition.	接着,我请第二位发言者提出提议。
323	Good evening.	边
324	What a time it is on the clock of the world, no?	这世界的时钟是什么时候,不是吗?
325	Thank you for having me,	谢谢你邀请我
326	Oxford Union.	牛津联合会.
327	What turbulent days.	多么动荡的日子。
328	No better time than to be talking about wealth and plunder and	没有比谈论财富和掠夺更好的时间了
329	goodness all in one.	好样的
330	So thank you for having me.	谢谢你邀请我
331	I come out from California.	我来自加州
332	I came about three days	我约三天来
333	early so I could walk around and explore the grandeur of your fine city.	这么早我就能四处走动探索你美丽的城市
334	And I'm mystified.	则我神通.
335	I'm blown away.	我被炸飞了
336	I have seriously been moved by going through the churches and the libraries,	我被教会和图书馆打动了
337	the museums, the schools, the parks, that, of course, it didn't pass by my mind that they're	博物馆,学校,公园, 当然,它没有经过通过我的想法,他们是
338	funded by local philanthropists over hundreds and hundreds and thousands of years, right?	由当地慈善家资助数百年和几千年,对不对?
339	And what a gift.	何等为礼.
340	And thank you.	谢谢
341	What a beautiful city.	多么美丽的城市。
342	I also spent a day at the Ashmolean,	我还在阿什莫林待了一天
343	am I pronouncing it correctly, museum to be reminded of the plunder, the almost unimaginable	博物院要提醒大家这场劫掠几乎无法想象
344	plunder in this region.	在这一地区的掠夺。
345	And the hordes and the hordes and the hordes hidden underground and	以及隐藏在地下的群星和群星,
346	earthed.	土生土长.
347	These two tensions can sit well together.	这两种紧张关系可以很好地坐在一起。
348	If we know anything from this moment in time,	如果我们从现在开始知道什么
349	two things, maybe five, can be true at once.	两件事,也许五件事,可以一时间是真的。
350	Two even contradictory things can be true at once.	两个甚至相互矛盾的事物可以同时真实.
351	And we have to grapple with that in these troubling times.	我们必须在困难的时代努力解决这个问题。
352	And as you listen to the	当你听
353	speakers this evening, I remind you, we are not arguing or debating about whether philanthropy	今晚的演讲者,我提醒各位,我们不是在争论或辩论慈善事业
354	is good or needed in these desperate times.	是在这些绝望的时代中好或需要的。
355	We are arguing whether sometimes it is a tool	我们争论它是不是有时的工具
356	for reputation laundering.	名誉清洗
357	That is what we are arguing today.	这就是我们今天辩论的内容。
358	So I'll do a little bit of that.	所以我会做一点点。
359	And I'm going to talk about foundations, the institutional form of philanthropy.	我要谈谈基金会,慈善事业的体制形式。
360	There are	还有
361	lots of things.	很多东西
362	There's wealthy individuals.	有富有的个人。
363	There's me and you.	还有我和你
364	We give to schools.	我们给学校。
365	We give	我们给
366	to parks.	到公园。
367	But the foundation form of philanthropy has once by the brilliant Ruth Wilson Gilmore	但慈善事业的基础形式曾经由杰出的露丝·威尔逊·吉尔莫
368	been called twice stolen wealth.	被称为两次被盗财富。
369	So the first deal is in the making of money in the name of progress	所以第一个交易是以进步的名义赚钱
370	on the backs of unpaid or we know history, completely enslaved, or just a little underpaid	或我们知道历史完全被奴役或只是一点点低薪
371	non-living wage labor, and or extreme extraction of the environment that our earth can no longer	或对地球不再可能存在的环境的极端开采
372	handle.	手柄。
373	It is very, very difficult to make massive amounts of wealth without underpaid,	没有低薪,就很难创造大量财富,
374	unpaid labor or extraction of the environment to its extremes.	无偿劳动或将环境推向极端。
375	So that's the first deal in the name	所以,这是第一个交易的名字
376	of progress often.	经常是进步。
377	So think of Rockefeller and immigrant Chinese workers on the railroads.	想想洛克菲勒和铁路上的中国移民工人
378	Think	考虑一下
379	of my region, California Central Valley today, massive agricultural companies that have the	今天的加利福尼亚中部谷地拥有
380	highest level of food security in the communities where the farm workers live.	农场工人所在社区粮食安全水平最高。
381	What a grand	多么伟大的
382	contradiction, right?	矛盾,对不对?
383	Or you might even imagine Amazon warehouses or other warehouses in California's	或者你甚至可以想象亚马逊仓库或其他仓库在加州
384	Inland Empire that require grandmas and people who have second and third and fourth jobs to survive	内地帝国需要外婆和有第二、第三和第四个工作的人生存
385	to work in environmentally unsafe warehouses across that region, right?	在全区环境不安全的仓库工作对吧?
386	Okay, you got to do	好吧,你必须做
387	to make a whole bunch of money.	赚一大堆钱
388	That's the first deal.	这是第一个交易。
389	The second steal is by taking some of that	第二次偷东西就是拿一些
390	wealth and putting it into a tax shelter called a private foundation that is both a tax shelter,	将财富放进一个被称为私人基金会的避税所,而私人基金会既是避税所,
391	but it's also not accountable to the public.	但它也不对公众负责。
392	So you made all this money, you're not taxed on it,	所以,你赚了这么多钱, 你没有征税它,
393	but also you're only accountable to a private board or a nonprofit private board of trustees.	但你只对私人董事会或非营利私人董事会负责
394	I would say there's a third steal going on.	我想说还有第三起偷盗事件
395	The third steal is what a lot of people called	第三次偷窃是很多人所说的
396	capitalism, and that is when that money in those foundations is then making more profit.	资本主义,也就是当那些基金会的钱正在创造更多的利润。
397	So let's take just as example, Bill Gates wants to use Gates Foundation to address food insecurity	举个例子,比尔·盖茨想利用盖茨基金会解决粮食不安全问题。
398	in the global south, but he partners with Cargill and Monsanto and entangles peasant farmers in	但是他和卡吉尔和孟山都合作缠绕着农民
399	buying genetically modified seeds that they are now having to reproduce and become indebted to	购买转基因种子他们现在不得不再生并负债
400	that very same capitalist production structure.	同样的资本主义生产结构
401	So that's the third steal.	所以这是第三次偷盗了
402	Okay, so just a historical example.	好吧,所以只是一个历史的例子。
403	What do you think of when you think of Andrew Carnegie?	你对安德鲁·卡内基的看法如何?
404	The name Carnegie.	卡内基这个名字
405	Do you think about how he made his money in steel mills that had brutal, violent,	你考虑过他是如何在钢铁厂赚到钱的吗?
406	bloody uprisings in the 1800s, or do you think of libraries and fellowships?	1800年代的血腥起义, 还是你想图书馆和奖学金?
407	So that is a reputation	这就是名声
408	laundering in the transfer of money right there in that act, right?	洗钱在转移钱就在那个行为,对不对?
409	Now, Carnegie was no dummy.	现在,卡内基不是傻瓜。
410	Carnegie wrote a book called The Gospel of Wealth, and if you read it closely, he says,	卡内基写了一本名为"财富福音"的书,如果你仔细阅读,他说,
411	philanthropy is the way to get the workers to stop protesting.	慈善是让工人停止抗议的方法.
412	Instead, they can aspire to me.	相反,他们可以向往我。
413	They	他们
414	can, by working hard with their elbow grease and pulling up their bootstraps, they can make money	通过努力用手肘油脂和拉起靴子,他们就能赚钱
415	like me, and I'm going to give them a little money and show them how.	就像我,我会给他们一点钱让他们知道怎么做
416	But all the while hiding	但一直躲起来
417	that maybe collective organizing or taking on the capitalist production of big steel	也许集体组织或承担资本主义生产大钢铁
418	might also be an option for bettering one's well-being, right?	也可能是改善自己福祉的选择,对吧?
419	So Carnegie is a great example.	卡内基是个很好的例子
420	So now I'm going to get to the actual practice of reputation laundering because there are people	所以,现在我要开始真正的做法清洗名誉因为有人
421	who do this work.	谁做这个工作。
422	It's not a fiction.	这不是虚构的。
423	There are private foundations that have staff.	有些私人基金会有工作人员。
424	Again,	再说一遍
425	this is not good, bad, evil.	这不是好,坏,邪恶。
426	Really great, awesome people who did not always work in philanthropy,	非常棒,真棒的人谁不总是在慈善事业工作,
427	whose job it is to manage the reputation of that foundation.	他们的职责是管理基金会的声誉。
428	Their main job is to make people	他们的主要工作是制造人
429	forget about how the wealth was produced and to remember all the little bits of good that are	忘记财富是如何产生的并记住所有一点点的好
430	going out into the world, right?	进入世界,对不对?
431	And this is a big struggle.	这是一场大斗争。
432	英国记者Ben Whittaker打电话
433	them philanthropoids.	他们的慈善品。
434	Philanthropoids are people with no wealth of their own, but they work in	慈善家是没有财富的人,但他们在
435	foundations, and they do that very careful, difficult reputation managing.	基金会,他们这样做非常小心,困难的声誉管理。
436	There is another	还有另一个
437	person, Paul Elvis Saker, who worked for the Ford Foundation in the 1960s, and he even said in a	保罗·埃尔维斯·萨克尔在1960年代为福特基金会工作他甚至说
438	public speech to the Council on Foundations, the most important job of foundation staff is to	基金会工作人员最重要的工作是:
439	protect the moral life of philanthropy and to never return to how the wealth was produced or,	保护慈善事业的道德生活,永远不要回到创造财富的方式,或者,
440	in fact, how new wealth is being produced through endowments or new ventures, right?	事实上,新财富是如何通过捐赠或新企业产生的,对吧?
441	But to protect	但是保护
442	the goodness of the foundation.	基金会的善良。
443	So a recent example that I would like to share with you in	所以,最近的一个例子我想与你分享
444	my closing of refutation laundering in the philanthropic sector recently follows the murder	我最近结束慈善界的辩驳洗钱活动
445	of George Floyd, an unarmed black man in Minneapolis, Minnesota, one of many, many murders	乔治・弗洛伊德,一个手无寸铁的黑人在明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯, 众多谋杀之一,
446	at the hands of the police in the United States, and organizing created an uproar and called	在美国警方的手中组织起来制造了一场暴风雨
447	foundations to account to really fund racial justice work, to fund prison reform work, and to	基金会负责真正资助种族司法工作,资助监狱改革工作,
448	fund communities of color directly, not through white nonprofits, but directly to their communities.	直接资助有色人种社区,不是通过白人非营利组织,而是直接资助其社区。
449	Well, all the foundations said, this sounds like a great reputational job to do, and I'm being	所有基金会都说,这听起来是一个伟大的名誉工作做, 而我是
450	partly cynical because so many people in those foundations deeply believe that change needs to	部分的愤世嫉俗,因为这些基金会的这么多人深信,需要变革:
451	happen, right?	发生,对不对?
452	But they were constrained by the reputational rules of their foundations,	但他们受到基金会的声誉约束
453	and I'll share just a little bit with you of what happened.	我会跟你分享一下所发生的一切
454	According to the Washington Post, in	根据《华盛顿邮报》
455	2020, corporate philanthropy alone, so banks and other big corporations, donated at least $49.5	2020年,仅公司慈善事业,银行和其他大公司捐资至少49.5元.
456	billion to address racial inequality, but it was later found none of it went to criminal justice	解决种族不平等的十亿元,但后来发现没有一项用于刑事司法
457	reform, and none of it went to the structures that produce racial inequality.	改革,没有一项涉及造成种族不平等的结构。
458	It went to,	它会去,
459	a la Carnegie, communities finding ways to build their own leadership skills or help themselves	ala 卡内基社区,寻找建立自己领导技能或自助的途径
460	climb the ladder, right?	爬梯子,对不对?
461	Private foundations, nonprofit foundations, did not do much better.	私人基金会、非营利基金会没有做得更好。
462	They donated $10 to $15 billion.	他们捐赠了100至150亿美元.
463	The numbers are not clear 100%, and these investments were	数字不清楚,为100%,这些投资是:
464	widely critiqued by all the nonprofit watchdogs as being completely performative.	所有非营利监督人员都普遍批评其完全能发挥作用。
465	So, so many	所以,这么多
466	foundations got into this game.	基础进入了这个游戏。
467	Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Ford Foundation, so many did, and then	钱·扎克伯格计划福特基金会这么多人这么做了然后
468	the studies found that the work, again, a la Carnegie, was not going to racial justice reform,	研究发现,这个工作,再次,拉卡内基, 是没有去种族司法改革,
469	not going to policing, not hardly even going to community safety, but going to education.	没有去维持治安, 甚至没有去社区安全, 而是去教育。
470	Again,	再说一遍
471	not a bad thing.	不错
472	We all in this room have it and want it, right?	我们在这个房间里都有它,想要它,对不对?
473	But still, not racial justice	不过,不是种族公正
474	or criminal justice reform.	或刑事司法改革。
475	So, a really funny thing that happened as I close is a group of	所以,一个真正有趣的事情发生当我接近是一组
476	about six foundation leaders wanted to take on the uproar, and they came together and they wrote a	大约六位基金会领导人想要承担隆重的, 他们走到一起,他们写了一个
477	letter to the public about the inherent virtue of philanthropy, and in this public letter they wrote,	写给公众的关于慈善的内在美德的信在一封公开的信中
478	foundations should never be critiqued.	不应批评基金会。
479	They should just be understood as morally good,	他们应该被理解为道德良好,
480	and we all know in this room that you don't ask for a reputation and just get it,	我们都知道在这个房间里你并不要求名誉,只要得到它,
481	and the backlash came even more severe from the National Committee of Responsive Philanthropy	反弹更加强烈从国家回应慈善委员会
482	and many others.	还有其他许多
483	I next invite the second speaker for opposition.	我下面请第二位发言者表示反对。
484	Madam President,	主席女士,
485	friends, colleagues, I'm really honoured and delighted to be here.	朋友们,各位同事,我在这里感到非常荣幸和高兴。
486	This I will share is	我将分享
487	somewhat of a homecoming for me.	对我来说是个返校节
488	When I was 20, which was too many decades ago for me to share	我20岁的时候几十年前我无法分享
489	with you, I spent a year studying at Oxford as a foreign study abroad student.	跟你在一起,我在牛津留学了一年留学国外
490	I lived in the	我住在这里
491	Stanford House at 65 High Street.	斯坦福大厦65号高街
492	I spent most of my days studying in tutorials, studying in the	我大部分时间都在教书学习
493	Raphaelite Brotherhood, the murals, William Morris, and typically my nights began with	拉斐尔派兄弟会壁画威廉·莫里斯通常我的夜晚开始于
494	attendance at one of many classy events at modeling college.	在建模学院参加许多类活动之一。
495	Typically they had names like	通常他们的名字像
496	traffic light bop.	交通灯泡。
497	Is that still around?	还在吗?
498	Red, you're taken, green, you're single, yellow,	红色,你被带走,绿色,你是单身,黄色,
499	it's complicated.	这很复杂。
500	Yeah, yeah, you get the gist, and then typically it would end with chips and	是啊,是啊,你得到的重心, 然后通常它会结束薯片和
501	baguettes at Ahmed's.	在艾哈迈德家买面包包
502	Is Ahmed's still around?	艾哈迈德还在吗?
503	Okay, okay, we're going there after our after	好吧,好吧,我们之后再去
504	party.	派对
505	Cool.	凉爽。
506	So it's funny you mentioned the Ashmolean, Erica, because among these adventures,	你提到艾丽卡的阿什莫琳很有趣因为在这些冒险中
507	my favourite place to go in Oxford was the Ashmolean Museum, and I really just delighted in it.	我在牛津最喜欢的地方是阿什莫林博物馆, 我真的很高兴。
508	I	一、导言
509	reveled in it, almost like it was like a romantic sense, right?	在其中受到崇敬, 几乎像它是一个浪漫感,对不对?
510	It is such an institution, and it	这是这样一个机构,它
511	really does feel like it hasn't been touched in a century, and I do mean not literally, right,	感觉好像一个世纪没碰过它了我意思是不是字面意思
512	as well as figuratively.	以及比喻地说。
513	It was very small at the time, it was cramped, there was very dimly lit,	当时它很小,很抽筋,非常暗淡
514	you had to go in through a side door, you know, it had a lot of charm, but it was really more of	你不得不通过一个侧门, 你知道,它有很多魅力, 但实际上更多
515	like a weird cabinet of curiosities as opposed to a grand jewel.	就像一个怪异的奇特的橱柜而不是大宝石
516	But then the money came, right?	但后来钱来了,对不对?
517	The museum was transformed, it was gleaming, it was unrecognizable, modern, and suddenly there	博物馆被改造了,它闪闪发光, 无法辨认,现代, 突然在那里
518	was a new name on the walls.	墙上有个新名字
519	You talked about plunder, I'm talking about a different kind of	你说的是掠夺我说的是另一种
520	plunder.	掠夺
521	The name was Sackler.	名字叫萨克勒.
522	The Sackler family donated tens of millions of dollars to the museum,	萨克勒家族向博物馆捐赠了数千万美元
523	and it established new world-class galleries in Roman and Egyptian art, some of the most important	它建立了新的世界级画廊罗马和埃及艺术, 一些最重要的
524	collections in the world.	世间藏品.
525	But those donations were enabled by the billions that they made,	但这些捐款是由他们提供的数十亿美元,
526	manufacturing the drug that fueled an opioid epidemic and killed half a million Americans.	制造毒品助长类阿片流行杀死50万美国人
527	Now that is an example of modern philanthropy as reputation laundering.	现在,这是现代慈善事业作为名声清洗的一个例子。
528	This is something that	这件事情
529	wrestled with, I know a bit about it.	和他摔跤,我知道一点
530	I spent my career exploring how the power elite converts	我花了我的职业生涯探索权力精英如何转化
531	economic capital into cultural and political and social legitimacy.	经济资本成为文化、政治和社会合法性。
532	I've read by Bourdieu,	我读过波迪欧的书
533	if you will.	如果你愿意的话。
534	I teach entire courses on the values and ethics of philanthropy and public policy,	我教授整个课程关于慈善和公共政策的价值观和伦理,
535	right?	对吧?
536	Private wealth, private preferences, tax advantaged in the name of the public good.	私人财富,私人偏好,以公益名义享受税收优惠.
537	So I am confident, based on my background and saying, that this proposition, that modern	所以我相信,基于我的背景并说,这个提议,现代
538	philanthropy is reputation laundering, is wrong.	慈善是名声清洗,是错的。
539	And in this political moment, the time on the clock,	而在这个政治时刻, 时间在钟,
540	it's not just wrong.	这不仅仅是错的。
541	It is breathtakingly reckless.	简直太鲁莽了
542	So let me explain what I mean.	所以,让我来解释我的意思。
543	The proposition has a lot of really strong arguments.	这个提议有许多非常有力的论点。
544	I'd say that you're right about	我敢说你是对的
545	quite a bit, right?	有点吧?
546	Philanthropy is not accountable.	慈善事业不负责任.
547	It's not transparent.	它不透明。
548	There is no tether	没有绳子
549	of the vote like there is in a democratic state.	就像在民主国家一样
550	It does take away money from taxation,	它的确从税收中拿走了钱
551	right?	对吧?
552	And that limits our ability to improve society wholesale as opposed to retail.	这限制了我们改善社会批发而不是零售的能力。
553	It does.	没错
554	It unduly shapes the public agenda, right?	它不适当地塑造了公共议程,对不对?
555	By amplifying the voices of the wealthy	通过扩大富人的声音
556	without any attendant accountability mechanisms, okay?	没有相应的问责机制,好吗?
557	So these arguments are strong.	因此这些论点是有力的.
558	And in a	在一个
559	functioning democracy, they would have real force.	他们将拥有真正的力量。
560	But I must ask all of us to get real,	但我必须要求我们所有人都变得真实,
561	because that democracy does not exist at the moment, okay?	因为现在民主并不存在,好吗?
562	We are not living in that democracy	我们不是生活在这个民主中
563	not now, probably not tomorrow.	不是现在,也许不是明天。
564	And instead we're living, sorry, I'm a singer, so I try to do this	而我们的生活,对不起, 我是个歌手, 所以我试图做到这一点
565	with the mic.	用麦克风。
566	We're living in democratic decay, okay?	我们生活在民主腐朽之中,好吗?
567	Globally, elite power is being consolidated,	在全球范围,精英力量正在得到巩固,
568	concentrated.	集中处理。
569	The institutions that are meant to rein in state authority are being systematically	旨在控制国家权力的机构正在系统化
570	dismantled and weaponized.	拆除并武器化。
571	In short, we're really witnessing a turn towards authoritarianism.	简言之,我们真的看到向专制主义的转变.
572	And it's here that I would like to invoke a thinker called Hannah Arendt.	在这里我想引用一个叫汉娜·阿伦特的思想家。
573	I'm sure many of	我敢肯定,许多
574	you are familiar with her.	你对她很熟悉
575	She understood firsthand what happens after that turn exists, okay?	她第一手知道转弯后会发生什么好吗?
576	So she	所以说她
577	argued that authoritarianism does not begin with concentration camps, right?	专制主义不是从集中营开始的对吧?
578	It begins with the	它开始于
579	destruction of associational life.	破坏结社生活。
580	The independent organizations, civic institutions, non-governmental	独立组织、民间机构、非政府
581	organizations, spaces where citizens can exist without state control.	公民可以不受国家控制存在的地方。
582	And she called these spaces	她称这些空间
583	of appearance or the in-between, where individuals can engage politically, they can express their	外表或介于两者之间的个人可以参与政治,他们可以表达他们的意见。
584	views, but there's a lot of pluralism, there's a lot of diversity, there's a lot of dissent.	观点,但多元性很强,多样性很强,有不同意见.
585	And that flourishes, right?	这很兴盛,对吧?
586	And in doing so, even everyone's expressing themselves individually,	在这样做, 即使每个人的表达个人,
587	a sense of collectivity emerges.	出现了一种集体感。
588	There is a shared public realm.	有一个共同的公共领域。
589	And this really echoes	这真的回响
590	Alexis de Tocqueville 我知道你在写一本书
591	And he warned us 200 years ago	他警告我们200年前
592	that democracies thrive, not just through elections, but through these thick webs of	民主的繁荣,不仅通过选举,而且通过这些厚厚的网络
593	voluntary associations, groups of citizens that organize independently and pursue these collective	社会团体、独立组织和追求集体
594	purposes.	目标。
595	And when that web thins, democracy is vulnerable.	当网络变薄时,民主是脆弱的。
596	Without this public realm,	没有这个公共领域,
597	there's no recourse against a monolithic state power.	对单一国家权力没有追索权.
598	And she was not a rent, was not writing	她不是租的,不是写字的
599	in the abstract.	在抽象中。
600	She was describing what she saw in Nazi Germany in the early 1930s, not the death	她描述的是她1930年代初在纳粹德国所看到的不是死亡
601	camps, that was later, but the systematic dismantling of the public realm and all the institutions that	难民营,也就是后来,但公共领域和所有机构的系统解体。
602	protected it, the elites that were complicit, the universities that purged scholars, the courts that	保护它, 精英串通, 大学清洗学者,法院
603	enabled, the civic organizations that were dissolved or captured, the ordinary people who were told	公民组织被解散或被俘虏普通人被告知
604	this is all normal and lawful and necessary.	这一切都是正常的、合法的和必要的。
605	And that pattern that a rent identified is not history,	和模式确定租金不是历史,
606	it's a live threat.	这是一个活的威胁。
607	And the truth is that right now, America looks a lot like Germany in the	而事实是,现在, 美国看起来很像德国
608	early 1930s.	20世纪30年代初
609	Our leader, a white supremacist, scapegoats and oppresses vulnerable populations.	我们的领导人,一个白人至上主义者,替罪羊和压迫弱势人口。
610	Our institutions like higher education, the media, the judiciary, capitulate to his whims.	我们的高等院校,媒体,司法等机构,都听从他的摆布.
611	And our freedom, our most sacred value, our freedom to express dissent is being targeted.	而我们的自由,我们最神圣的价值,我们表达不同意见的自由,正成为目标.
612	Protesters are being shot in the street in Minneapolis, Minnesota.	抗议者在明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯的街上遭到枪击.
613	And yet there is recourse.	但还有追索权
614	Thankfully, empirically, we know that when a population mobilizes a resistance that is	值得庆幸的是,从经验上讲,我们知道,当人们动员起来反抗的时候,
615	organized, that is networked, that is sustained, authoritarian tends to yield, authoritarianism	有组织,有网络,有持续, 专制倾向屈服,专制主义
616	tends to yield.	倾向于屈服。
617	And so I ask, what pays for that resistance?	所以我问,什么支付抵抗?
618	And the answer	还有答案
619	is philanthropy.	是慈善事业
620	Philanthropy is the proverbial finger in the damp that holds back the flood.	慈善是潮湿中阻滞洪水的谚语手指.
621	It underwrites the architecture of resistance.	它承载了抵抗建筑.
622	It funds the advocacy organizations that protect	它资助保护
623	civil rights in the face of profound violations and violence.	面对深刻的侵犯和暴力的公民权利。
624	The research centers that publish	发表论文的研究中心
625	the government wants to suppress and the legal defense nonprofits that represent the most	政府想要压制和法律保护非营利组织代表最多
626	marginalized among us.	被排斥在我们中间
627	Just imagine the silence that would exist without philanthropy in an	想象一下没有慈善的沉默
628	authoritarian regime.	专制政权.
629	So why, why, I ask you, should we focus our ire on the one of the few	那么为什么,为什么,我问你, 我们是否应该把注意力集中在少数之一
630	sources of independent funding for the institutions that check state power?	国家权力检查机构的独立资金来源?
631	And it's for that reason	也是因为这个原因
632	that I argue, undermining modern philanthropy is quaint.	我认为,破坏现代慈善事业是典型的。
633	We no longer have the luxury of quibbling,	我们不再有奢侈的争吵,
634	the privilege of critiquing donors' motives, frowning on those who don't meet our high standards	向那些不符合我们高标准的人发怒
635	of purity.	纯洁。
636	We have to be utilitarians in this moment.	此时此刻我们必须是功利主义者.
637	We must accept that we need philanthropy	我们必须接受我们需要慈善
638	now more than ever.	现在比以往任何时候都要多
639	And so you may call modern philanthropy reputation laundering, but I call it	所以你可以称现代慈善名声清洗, 但我称之为
640	the last line of defense.	最后的防线。
641	And I urge you to vote no and don't tear it down.	我敦促你投票反对,不要把它拆掉.
642	Thank you.	谢谢
643	I next invite the third speaker for a side proposition.	我下面请第三位发言者提出附带建议。
644	Good evening.	边
645	I'm used to walkouts when I talk.	说话时常出门.
646	That's okay.	没关系
647	That doesn't hurt my feelings.	这并不伤害我的感情。
648	Good evening, everybody.	晚上好,大家好,谢谢
649	I'm Rob Larson, Evil Sciences Professor, and I want to thank the	我是Rob Larson 邪恶科学教授我想谢谢你
650	union for inviting me to speak here tonight.	工会邀请我今晚在这里发言。
651	I greatly enjoyed visiting your campus this week.	这周我很高兴能来你的校园
652	Very beautiful, stately, classical buildings on the campus.	校园里非常美丽,严谨的古典建筑.
653	Very nice.	很不错
654	I personally teach	我亲自教书
655	at American Community College, so it's less of an ivory tower setting and more of like a particle	在美国社区学院,所以它不是象牙塔更像粒子
656	board tower setting, if that's possible.	如果有可能的话塔台设置
657	So delving into the subject here a little bit,	仔细研究一下这个话题
658	of course, there's no more universal defense of the powerful than their good works of generosity.	当然,没有比他们慷慨的善行更能普遍地保护强者。
659	Much older than capitalism, this line of thinking has been used to defend the powerful through	比资本主义老得多这条思想线被用来通过
660	history from kings to popes to CEOs.	从国王到教皇到首席执行官的历史.
661	It's an old argument indeed.	这确实是一个老论点。
662	But of course, you can't justify	但是,当然,你不能证明
663	power by occasional good deeds.	偶尔用善行的力量
664	Concentrated power socially has historically been seen as	社会集中权力历来被视为
665	antagonistic to freedom since power can restrict you and limit your liberty.	对自由的敌意因为权力可以限制你限制你的自由
666	But philanthropy	但慈善事业
667	remains a very major way for powerful figures and institutions to, to a point, cleanse their	仍然是有权势的人物和机构在某种程度上清洗
668	ugly reputations by using some of their ill-gotten gains to put up a library or a soup kitchen.	丑陋的名声利用他们一些不义之财建立图书馆或汤厨房
669	And due to the gigantic extent of social needs under our economic system, that philanthropy can	由于我国经济体制下巨大的社会需求,慈善事业可以
670	make drastic differences in people's lives that can't be dismissed.	给人们的生活带来巨大的不同无法否认
671	The opposing speakers have	对方的发言者
672	been very accurate about that because of our system's failure to provide just essential public	因为我们的系统不能提供基本的公众
673	goods that are very much within our material needs, like health care, public health, like	满足我们物质需要的商品,如保健、公共卫生
674	relative to diseases, and of course due to the bloody historical exploitation of the developing	当然,由于发展中国家历史上的血腥剥削,
675	world.	这个世界
676	But it's completely ubiquitous among the rich today to put some slice of the family wealth	但今天的富人中, 完全无处不在将家庭财富的一部分
677	into a personal foundation or as a bequest to a university or hospital that will then	成为个人基金会或作为大学或医院的遗赠
678	bury that, bear that family's name into perpetuity.	埋了它, 将这个家族的名字永久化。
679	But the point I want to stress here at the	但我想强调这一点
680	beginning of just my remarks is that it's, we're not making a cynical part, a point arguing for	开始我的看法是,我们不是在玩世不恭
681	the proposition here.	这里的命题。
682	Charity as a personal virtue and social practice is incredibly precious to our	慈善作为一种个人美德和社会实践对我们来说非常珍贵
683	humanity.	人类
684	But as a tool of the powerful, whether wealthy individuals or corporate entities or the	但作为强者的工具,无论是富人还是公司实体
685	like, it ends up being another tool of control.	就像,它最终成为另一个控制工具。
686	And indeed these kind of resources should be	事实上,这种资源应该是
687	controlled in some way by the public so that socially we can decide what to do with these	由公众以某种方式控制这样我们社会上就可以决定如何处理这些
688	tremendous resources that capitalism has produced.	资本主义带来的巨大资源。
689	And I think the clearest place to maybe begin with	我认为最清楚的地方也许从
690	that is to look at a figure who a number of us have mentioned tonight, Andrew Carnegie.	也就是看一个我们今晚提到的人物安德鲁·卡内基
691	Erica mentioned before his fairly brutal industrial practices, but I think it's one thing to refer to	埃丽卡在相当残酷的工业做法前提到过,但我认为提到这一点是一回事。
692	that and another thing to look at the actual experience there.	还有一件事,看看那里的实际经验。
693	So just one point that I like	所以只有一点我喜欢
694	to refer to.	参考。
695	In Carnegie's steel mills through most of his industrial career, the workers work	在卡内基的钢铁厂度过他大部分的工业生涯工人都工作
696	12-hour shifts doing industrial work.	12小时轮班从事工业工作。
697	I mean this isn't 12 hours sitting behind a desk like I mostly	我的意思是,这不是12小时坐在办公桌后面像我大多数
698	do.	说吧
699	This is 12 hours working with blast furnaces and it's dangerous and exhausting, backbreaking	这是12小时工作与爆破炉, 它是危险的和疲劳,反冲
700	work.	工作时
701	12-hour shifts except of course on Sundays where you do a 24-hour shift so that you may take	12小时轮班除了星期天你24小时轮班
702	the next Sunday off.	下一个星期天休息。
703	Whereas for figures like Carnegie and his Gilded Age colleagues like	而对于卡内基和他的吉尔德时代的同事来说
704	Rockefeller and others sitting in your comfortable office, the money just rolls in and your power	洛克菲勒和其他人坐在你舒适的办公室里, 钱只是滚滚滚滚你的力量
705	grows.	增长.
706	But I think of course the more definitive modern case as a number of us have mentioned	但我认为,当然,更确定的现代案件正如我们很多人提到
707	tonight, not without reason, is of course Bill Gates who is on record as being a big Rockefeller,	今晚,不是没有原因的, 当然比尔盖茨谁被记录为一个大洛克菲勒,
708	a John Rockefeller admirer and is indeed another monopolist.	一个约翰洛克菲勒的崇拜者, 确实是另一个垄断者。
709	Of course the co-founder of Microsoft,	当然,微软的共同创始人,
710	the multi-trillion dollar operating system and cloud computing today platform.	多千元操作系统与云计算今日平台.
711	Gates for some	盖茨给一些
712	time was considered by many people to be one of the better billionaires as opposed to figures such	许多人认为时间是亿万富翁中比较好的人之一,而不是数字。
713	as Trump or the Koch brothers or the like.	像特朗普或者科赫兄弟一样
714	That part of his reputation of course has disappeared	那部分他的名声当然消失了
715	因为他和Jeffrey Epstein有关臭名昭著的人贩子
716	But that association	但是那个协会
717	was strong because of course of the work of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation being by a fair	因为比尔和梅林达·盖茨基金会的工作是一个博览会
718	margin the largest private philanthropic entity in the world with billions of dollars in its	世界上最大的私人慈善实体
719	endowment and used for fighting AIDS, malaria, developing, encouraging economic development,	捐赠和用于防治艾滋病、疟疾、发展和鼓励经济发展,
720	very legitimate economic and social causes.	非常合理的经济和社会事业。
721	Well Gates' fortune of course comes from Microsoft	盖茨的财富当然来自微软
722	which for decades before the mobile era essentially had a worldwide global operating system monopoly	在移动时代前几十年,全球操作系统基本上处于垄断状态。
723	mainly because of the network effects that economically shape the way markets such as that	主要因为网络效应在经济上决定了市场的方式
724	tend to develop.	倾向于发展。
725	But when new online technology came online, as it were, outside of Gates' control	但当新的在线技术上线时盖茨无法控制
726	in particular the early web browsers such as Mosaic and Netscape, this is back in the 1990s,	特别是早期的网页浏览器,例如Mosaic和Netscape, 这是在1990年代,
727	Gates inaugurated a period in business and computing history known as the browser wars.	盖茨开启了一个商业和计算历史时期,被称为浏览器战争.
728	His VP is now on the record as having said their goal was to cut off Netscape's air supply to	他的副总裁现在公开说他们的目标是切断Netscape的空中供应
729	crush a competitor rather than out competing it in some way.	压抑竞争对手,而不是以某种方式与之竞争。
730	Well this led to Microsoft's infamous	这导致了微软的臭名昭著
731	1990s era antitrust case which now is somewhat forgotten but of course at the time Microsoft	1990年代的反托拉斯案,现在有些被遗忘,但当然在当时微软公司
732	ultimately lost that case and was legally adjudicated to be a monopolist.	最终败诉,被依法裁定为垄断者。
733	Gates was found to	盖茨被发现
734	have at least misled and arguably perjured himself extensively during his video deposition	至少在录像证词中误导并作过大量伪证
735	and his reputation in the 90s was such that he was literally a cartoon villain on The Simpsons at one	他90年代的名声使他在《辛普森一家》上是一个漫画反派
736	time.	时间。
737	Some of this has been lost to history unfortunately.	其中一些不幸被历史所遗忘。
738	It's during this time that Gates	这期间盖茨
739	discovered charitable giving around the time that Warren Buffett, another US billionaire of course,	发现慈善捐赠的时间沃伦巴菲特,另一个美国亿万富翁,
740	gave Gates a copy of Carnegie's book The Gospel of Wealth and at that time the press immediately	给盖茨一本卡内基的书《财富福音》以及当时的媒体
741	began falling over itself describing how the foundation was saving millions of lives but the	开始沉迷于自己描述基金会如何拯救数百万人的生命
742	business press was more sober and a report at the time quoting from them said 20 years ago people	商业媒体比较清醒 20年前的一篇报道引用他们的话
743	associated the name Gates with ruthless predatory monopolistic conduct however after taking a public	盖茨这个名字与无情的掠夺性垄断行为有关
744	relations beating during the antitrust trials early going the company started what was described	在反托拉斯审判中发生关系公司提前开业
745	at the time as a charm offensive aimed at improving its image.	以提升其形象为目标
746	Mr. Gates contributed $20.3 billion,	盖茨先生捐了203亿美元
747	71 percent of his total contributions to the foundation during the 18 months from the start	从开始的18个月里,他向基金会捐款总额的71%
748	of the trial and the verdict.	审判和判决。
749	Now immediately we begin to see the limits of wealthy citizen	现在,我们立即开始看到富裕公民的极限
750	philanthropy.	仁义.
751	Of course especially now that's the case because of the Gates divorce in the wake of	当然,现在尤其如此因为盖茨离婚后
752	that figures Epstein Associations and that's an extremely important question how the foundation	和Epstein协会的数字这是一个极其重要的问题如何基金会
753	is going to respond to that divorce because of again of the tremendous amount of resources at	离婚后,又因巨额资源
754	stake in the broad variety of programs that are funded through it and indeed Melinda French Gates	* 参与通过它和实际上梅林达·法兰西·盖茨资助的各种方案
755	has said that she's no longer planning to give the bulk of her wealth to her and her former	已经说她不再计划将大部分财富交给她和她的前任
756	husband's foundation but plans to spread it among different endeavors and as she put it I'll quote	丈夫的基金会,但计划传播到不同的努力中而她所说的,我会引用
757	I recognize the absurdity of so much wealth being concentrated in the hands of one person	我承认如此多的财富集中在一个人手中是荒谬的
758	and I believe the only responsible thing to do with the fortune this size is to give it away	我相信唯一负责任的事情与这个大小的财富是把它送走
759	but of course that will be on her own terms on her own timetable and our own shifting priorities.	当然,这将会是她自己的条件在她自己的时间表和我们自己的转变的优先事项。
760	This philanthropic giving is often transparently egotistical as well when the roof of the great	这种慈善捐赠常常是透明的自我主义的,当伟大的屋顶
761	Parisian cathedral Notre Dame tragically burned in 2019 wealthy Frenchmen were one upping themselves	巴黎大教堂圣母院 2019年惨遭焚毁富有的法国人正在自拔
762	pledging money towards the repair and reconstruction in a way they would never do to	承诺以他们永远不会采取的方式为修复和重建提供资金
763	rebuild the essential infrastructure of smaller less prominent institutions across the French	重建法国全国规模较小、不太突出的机构的基本基础设施;
764	countryside.	农村。
765	A 100 million euro donation from the second richest Frenchman was soon followed	第二富有的法国人捐赠了一亿欧元
766	literally hours later by a 200 million euro donation from the richest one.	几小时后最富有的人捐赠了2亿欧元
767	Eli Broad another	伊莱·布罗德
768	billionaire said I'm not aware of any large gifts that are anonymous which I think is significant	亿万富翁说,我不知道有什么大礼物是匿名的,我认为是重要的
769	here and indeed an Indiana University survey turning to my alma mater there referring to their	在这里,实际上印第安纳大学的一项调查转向我的母校那里提到他们
770	own records on their own donations that they had received found that a mere one percent of million	自己收到的捐款记录发现只有1%
771	dollar plus gifts are given anonymously.	美元加礼物是匿名赠送的。
772	In my opinion that's enough almost to settle this debate	我认为这足以解决这场辩论
773	right there I mean that's very significant if this is always something that people want to attach	我的意思是,这是非常重要的如果这总是人们想要附加的东西
774	their personal or corporate names to I think it suggests something significant about the incentives	他们的私人或公司名称我认为这暗示了一些重要的激励
775	that people are responding to with these sorts of endeavors.	人们正以这种努力来回应。
776	I want to add just one other thing	我想补充一件事
777	about the Gates Foundation again just to bash him slightly further it's not just that these this	盖茨基金会又打他一顿不只是这样
778	becomes a tool of powerful people philanthropy it often demonstrates their incompetence and their	成为强大的人民慈善工具它常常显示他们的无能和他们的
779	egoism very commonly wealthy philanthropists being very successful in business in some way	通常富裕的慈善家以某种方式在生意上非常成功
780	are very accustomed to being celebrated and told that they have all the answers and as a result	习惯于被庆祝并被告知他们有所有的答案并因此
781	they consider themselves to be quite above normal issues of philanthropic development so for example	他们认为自己远远高于正常的慈善发展问题,例如,
782	one of the issues the foundation has put the most money into is fighting malaria in South Africa	基金会投入最多资金的问题之一是在南非防治疟疾。
783	often distributing mosquito nets that are coated in pesticides to kill the mosquitoes as well as	经常分发涂在杀虫剂中的蚊帐,以杀死蚊子;
784	keeping them out but because of the realities of desperate poverty frequently the recipients are	使他们无法进入,但由于赤贫的现实,受援者常常是:
785	repurposing them as fishing nets where they end up fishing with these pesticide covered mosquito	把它们重新用作渔网,最终用这些杀虫剂覆盖的蚊子捕鱼
786	nets it ends up poisoning the incredibly precious small regional lakes of southern Africa there so	渔网毒害了南部非洲极珍贵的小湖
787	to conclude giving to your local charity and activist groups is great there's nothing wrong	给当地的慈善团体和社运团体做最后的回报没有什么不对的
788	with your charitable impulse no one is arguing against that but high-end philanthropy is almost	没有人反对你的慈善冲动但高端慈善事业几乎
789	uniformly ruling class reputation laundering giving away pennies from towering fortunes that	统一统治阶级的名声洗刷将钱从暴发之财中释放出来
790	really they should be obliged to give up in the first place and I will finish with this	其实他们一开始就应该放弃了我会结束这一切的
791	when normal people fulfill their charitable inclinations it's usually on a much smaller	当普通人完成他们的慈善爱好时通常在更小的地方
792	scale obviously but also closer to home the University of Chicago found that 50 million	芝加哥大学发现5000万
793	Americans one-fifth of my countrymen have contributed to crowdfunding campaigns for	五分之一的美国同胞为群众资助运动做出了贡献
794	medical bills we have no NHS in the United States about half of those donations were for co-workers	美国没有医疗费用大约一半的捐赠是给同事的
795	and an accompanying survey found that most of the donors found that government should have more	一项附带调查发现,大多数捐助者认为,政府应该有更多的援助。
796	responsibility but we give $20 to each other when we get sick while wealthy figures are on tv being	但是当我们生病时我们给对方20美元而富人正在电视上
797	congratulated for shaving off a billion here or there to fund a particular project so irony loves	恭喜你在这里或那里刮了十亿资助一个特别的项目这样讽刺的爱
798	company I yield the floor I next invite the third speaker for side opposition to deliver a speech	接下来请第三位反对者发言
799	thank you uh madam president uh thank you all um I want to start uh with a quote	谢谢总统女士谢谢大家我想先引用一下
800	uh from uh Batman actually um uh it's not who I am underneath but what I do uh that defines me	嗯,从呃蝙蝠侠实际上,嗯... ...不是我是谁在下面... ...
801	this links to perhaps one of the most important strengths of um in my view of philanthropic	这个联系也许与恩最重要的长处之一在我看慈善
802	institutions like the Bill and Melina Gates Foundation or of course the Rockefeller	比尔和梅莉娜·盖茨基金会,当然还有洛克菲勒
803	Foundation which we've been hearing a lot about tonight uh they are symbols uh which are ultimately	我们听说的很多关于今晚的基金会呃... 它们是象征...
804	far more important than the individuals which founded them Bruce Wayne understands that it's	比创建他们的个人重要得多布鲁斯韦恩明白
805	not him as a person which matters it is the symbol of Batman a symbol of hope in a corrupt	而不是他作为一个重要人物蝙蝠侠的象征
806	city his own personal moral failings are relevant compared to the power of the symbol he created	城市里他个人的道德败坏与他创造的象征的力量相比是相关的
807	this links to the crucial question of anonymous versus private philanthropy from a Kantian	这与康德家族的匿名慈善和私人慈善的关键问题有关
808	perspective uh anonymous philanthropy seems to be most worthy as being motivated purely by duty	匿名慈善似乎最值得纯粹出于职责动机
809	but even Aristotle recognized that seeking recognition from the right audience	但亚里士多德也承认寻求正确的观众认可
810	could be a sign of virtue not only this but visible public philanthropy can sometimes be	不仅是美德的征兆也是公众的慈善事业
811	beneficial than philanthropy done in the shadows it helps to shape cultural debate	比慈善在暗处所做的有益有助于塑造文化辩论
812	instill values and start conversations about giving to those less fortunate the human desire	灌输价值观,开始谈论给那些不太幸运的人带来人类欲望
813	to be liked should hence be embraced not shied away from the reputational gain from a large	因此,人们应当受到欢迎,而不是逃避从一个大企业获得的声誉收益。
814	scale public philanthropy encourages others to give and raises expectations of what we should	* 扩大公共慈善事业,鼓励他人提供和提高对我们应该提供哪些服务的期望;
815	expect from the behavior of the uber rich a philosophical perspective might be useful here	从伯伯富人的行为来看哲学观点在这里也许有用
816	if we use the framework of utilitarianism the reputational gain accrued from doing good is	如果我们用功利主义的框架做好事的名誉收益
817	irrelevant to some extent as it reduces unless it reduces the quality of the outcomes it is impact	在某种程度上无关紧要,因为它会减少,除非它会影响结果的质量
818	which matters not motives even using the ideas of Kantian deontology if if philanthropy is prompted	如果慈善事业被鼓动,即使利用康德德德的理念也无关紧要
819	by a sensible obligation even if reputational benefit is also a motive then it can still be	即使名誉利益也是一种动机,那么它仍然可以
820	worthy and valuable to society from where i stand it is in fact the outcomes of philanthropy which	从我的立场来看,对社会来说是值得的和有价值的,事实上是慈善事业的结果。
821	should be evaluated not the motives of those funded it the results are concrete the mental	应当评估的不是资助者的动机结果是具体的
822	processes of the philanthropists are not one can be assessed and quantified one makes a real world	慈善家们的过程是无法被评估的并且可以量化的造就一个真实的世界
823	impact the other does not the context of philanthropy often also makes the idea of	另一种影响不是慈善活动的背景,它往往也使得人们认识到
824	pure expediency as a motive unsustainable for instance andrew carnagy who we've heard	纯粹的权宜之计,作为动机是不可持续的,比如说,我们听说的...
825	quite a bit about tonight not in the most flattering terms had a poor childhood in	相当多关于今晚不是最受宠若惊的
826	{\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}你无法理解他2500多的资金也就是2500
827	public libraries worldwide without understanding that context for him education was the foundation	全世界的公共图书馆都不了解教育是他的基础
828	of social mobility and he put his money where his mouth was michael bloomberg as mayor of new york	他把钱放在他嘴里迈克尔·博朗伯格担任纽约市长
829	pursued major public health programs to tackle issues like obesity and smoking which helps to	实施重大公共卫生方案,以解决肥胖和吸烟等问题,这有助于
830	set his later philanthropy in investing in tobacco control and public health in context	他后来的慈善事业是投资烟草控制和公共卫生
831	similarly john d rockefeller again someone we've heard quite a lot about tonight was deeply	类似约翰·德·罗克费勒又一次一个我们听过很多关于今晚的事的人
832	impacted by his baptist upbringing and had already funded significant medical research	受洗礼教养的影响,已经资助了重要的医学研究
833	before founding the rockefeller foundation his son john d jr had a deep and long-lived love of	在建立摇滚乐基金会之前他的儿子John djr 深爱着他
834	the natural world as expressed in his writings this hence makes his key role in creating and	因此,他在创造和创造
835	maintaining the national parks at acadia grand tetan and great smoky mountains all the more	维持国家公园在阿卡迪亚大坦坦和伟大的烟雾山更
836	understandable his philanthropy shows continuity not expediency he spoke of the obligation to	可以理解的是,他的慈善事业显示了连续性,而不是他谈到的义务
837	preserve natural beauty for future generations the summer before coming to oxford i hiked through the	在来到牛福德前的夏天为后代保护自然美貌我徒步穿越了
838	rockefeller preserve in grand tetan and experienced the benefits of the purchase the family had made	Rockefeller在大坦坦语中保存了下来并体验了家族购买的惠益
839	first hand which was pushed through despite significant opposition not only from ranchers	尽管农场主反对,
840	but from the political elites this was a passion project in every sense of the word but those on	但从政治精英来看,这是一个激情项目除了那些
841	the proposition bench would have us invalidate these conclusions they would rather i did not	提议法官会让我们作废这些结论他们宁愿不
842	enjoy my hike as for them its beauty is built on the premise of corruption they would seek to set	享受我的远足吧因为对于他们来说它的美丽建立在腐败的前提上
843	the rockefeller's philanthropy in the context of standard oils controversial monopoly in the late	摇滚乐的慈善事业在标准石油有争议的垄断在后期
844	19th century and accusations of aggressive consolidation tactics and market control deals	19世纪和关于侵略性巩固策略和市场控制交易的指控
845	for them philanthropy was a distraction deliberately undertaken to improve self-image	对他们来说,慈善事业是专为改善自我形象而故意转移的
846	but such a reading of the rockefeller's motives ignores their long-standing interests in the	但如此解读摇滚乐的动机忽视了他们的长期利益
847	causes they funded and the level of that funding which involved a transfer of wealth on a	资金的多少,以及涉及财富转移的
848	which makes the idea of mere reputation laundering all the more laughable the rockefeller foundation	这使得单纯的名声清洗的想法更加可笑摇滚乐基金会
849	has ultimately outlived its founder and continues to do good today even if reputation was one of	即使名誉是其中之一
850	several motives for its foundation and one of many given especially the family's context and	建立家庭的几个动机以及许多动机之一特别是家庭背景
851	interest this does not even come close to obscuring the positive role it plays continues to play to	这甚至没有接近于掩盖它继续发挥的积极作用
852	stay in addressing aspects of global health and food security which the public sphere might	* 继续处理公共领域可能涉及的全球健康和粮食安全问题
853	otherwise miss even for some philanthropists the most well-meaning the ones where even the proposition	否则,即使一些慈善家怀念那些最善意的甚至是命题
854	cannot find issue even in their heads some may as freud has demonstrated be lying to themselves	即使他们脑子里都找不到问题有些人可能像弗洛伊德所证明的那样在欺骗自己
855	they may rationalize their own self-interest through the mask of charity some may be reputation	他们可能通过慈善的面具来理顺自己的私利有些人可能是名声
856	laundering in this very abstract sense in their terms even if they do not appear to be	以抽象的语气进行洗钱,即使看起来并非如此
857	but for me the results of the philanthropy should instead be judged in their own terms	但对我来说慈善事业的结果应该由他们自己来判断
858	the motives of the philanthropists are secondary the results are primary we should continue holding	慈善家的动机是次要的结果是首要的,我们应该继续坚持
859	the philanthropists to account politically and socially regardless of their donations	慈善家无论捐款多少都要负责政治和社会事务
860	but judge those donations on their own terms and in the context that all of us as humans	但从我们人类的角度来判断这些捐赠
861	have the deep and inherent need to be light humans obsess with their reputations	有着深厚的内在需要轻轻的人类沉迷于他们的名声
862	but that does not make philanthropy any less valuable to society and to the world today	但这不会使慈善事业对社会和当今世界失去价值
863	thank you are there any members of the audience wishing to speak for side proposition	感谢大家,有观众想做副手
864	any floor speeches seeing none i invite the final speaker of side proposition	任何发言,没有,我请最后一位发言边提案
865	madame president members of the house distinguished guests thanks to speakers on both sides	总统女士尊敬的客人感谢双方的演讲
866	right now i hope to bring it home for those in favor of the proposition that modern philanthropy	现在,我希望把它带回那些赞成现代慈善事业的人
867	is a tool for reputation laundering laundering as we have been reminded tonight ours is an era of	正如我们今晚被提醒的我们的时代
868	green washing pink washing blue washing and humane washing it's a time of petrol companies	绿色洗粉红色洗蓝色洗衣服人性化洗衣服是汽油公司的时代
869	trumpeting their efforts to partner with conservationists save polar bears and invite	大力宣传他们与保护者合作的努力,拯救北极熊,并邀请
870	excuse me invest in renewable energy of industrial meat producers making prolific	对不起,我投资可再生能源工业肉生产商生产丰产
871	use of slogans like grass-fed and cage-free and touting their commitments to animal welfare	* 使用草食和无笼子等口号,并夸大其对动物福利的承诺;
872	and of big ai companies claiming to lead the charge to safeguard the fate of humanity	以及声称领导保护人类命运的责任的大公司
873	against a techno apocalypse to protest such corporate image scrubbing is to decry the	反对科技启示录抗议这种公司形象的洗刷是谴责
874	social wrongs and ecological harms of the mechanisms by which these industries	这些行业的机制的社会错误和生态损害
875	philanthropically dispersed wealth is generated and it's to call out the injustice of covering	慈善性分散的财富是创造的, 并且它用来呼唤不公正的覆盖
876	over their initial wrongs and treating those who benefit most from their infliction	优待最初的罪恶,并待遇从罪恶中得益最大的人;
877	as leaders in the business of doing good egregious philanthropic reputation reputation cleansing as	作为慈善事业的领导者,
878	we have heard has long been part of the capitalist enterprise think of the giant 20th century	我们听说长期是资本主义企业认为20世纪巨型
879	foundations that we've heard about the carnegie foundation and so forth built on the back of	我们听说的关于Carnegie基金会的基础等等建在后面
880	but in modest forms where it seems routine and consistent with good intentions reputation	但形式不拘一格似乎很平常也符合善意
881	cleansing is harder to see currently ubiquitous philanthropic traditions like impact investing	清洗更难看出目前普遍存在的慈善传统,如影响投资
882	and effective altruism or ea facilitate under the radar reputational repair these traditions	有效利他主义或ea 便利在雷达声誉修复这些传统
883	tap into two powerful interrelated forces in our culture they rely on assumptions of	利用我们文化中两股强大的相互关联的力量他们依靠的是
884	neo-classically oriented economics treating the economy as free from ethical and ecological	新古典主义经济将经济视为没有道德和生态因素
885	moorings and suppressing questions about whether the established socioeconomic systems internal	国内既定社会经济制度是否存在的问题
886	tendencies are harmful they combine these assumptions with congenial ideas from consequentialist	倾向是有害的他们把这些假设和同源思想结合
887	theory so that acting rightly is taken to be securing the biggest return of quantifiable value	理论,使正确行动被理解为确保可量化价值的最大回报
888	and so they enjoin us to take strategic investment as the model for all laudable	因此他们要求我们把战略投资作为值得称赞的典范
889	social giving this apparently bland philosophical formula is cover for rep yet reputation restoration	社会赋予这个明显的虚无哲学公式掩盖代表但名誉恢复。
890	instead of facing violent and socially disruptive chapters in the history of the world's current	而不是面对当今世界历史上的暴力和社会破坏的篇章
891	wealth distribution it encourages those with means to go for the most calculable impacts	财富分配鼓励那些有能力去取得最可计算的影响的人
892	this privilege is working within the system over liberating social transformation and it positions	这一特权在系统内运作,超越了社会变革的解放,它的地位
893	the inordinately affluent to congratulate themselves for being the greatest altruists	富人祝贺自己是伟大的利他主义者
894	in human history, in human history, in human history, in human history, in human history, in human history, in human history, in human history, in human history, in human history, in human history, in human history, in human history, in human history, in	人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史人间史
895	Today, reputation cleansing, both modest and egregious, is taking place on such a scale	今天,正在如此大规模地进行声望清洗,包括轻度和惊人的清洗。
896	that unmasking it is of paramount importance.	装模作样是最重要的。
897	This is happening most prominently in AI circles, where the main ideological instrument is an	这在AI圈子中最为显著,其中主要意识形态工具是:
898	EA-adjacent philanthropic tradition, stemming from strains of 1990s Silicon Valley transhumanism	EA-相邻的慈善传统,源于1990年代的紧张状态硅谷跨人类主义
899	that here at Oxford is called long-termism.	在牛津这里被称为长期主义。
900	Long-termism is the view that morally right	长期主义认为,道德正确
901	action increases the likelihood of a supposedly glorious future in which huge numbers of humans,	行动会增加光荣未来的可能性大量的人类
902	digital descendants, live on for billions or trillions of years past the death of our	数位子孙活在数亿或数万亿年前
903	sun by colonizing exoplanets.	太阳通过殖民外行星。
904	I kid you not.	我没骗你
905	Although vaguely conceived artificial general	虽然概念模糊
906	intelligence or AGI is represented as our sole route to this future, those who believe efforts	情报或AGI作为我们通往未来的唯一途径,
907	to build AGI could result in evil machines, so-called AI-doomers, regard these efforts as	建造AGI可能导致邪恶机器,即所谓的AI-doomers,将这些努力视为
908	also the biggest threat to the supposed techno-utopia or, in long-termists idiom, the biggest	也是对所谓的技术乌托邦的最大威胁或,在长期论者中,最大的威胁
909	risk.	风险。
910	So they call for attention to AI safety.	因此他们呼吁关注AI安全.
911	Those dismissive of safety worries, so-called	那些不关心安全的人,所谓的
912	accelerationists, call instead for a no-holds barred race to AGI.	加速者,呼吁禁赛与AGI。
913	Long-termism equips doomers	长期主义为末日主义者提供了手段
914	and accelerationists alike to depict AGI as humanity's greatest enterprise, a philanthropic	以及加速者将AGI描绘成人类最伟大的事业一个慈善组织
915	pursuit whose nobility removes the bloody stains of social injustices, think of the	追寻其贵族清除血腥的污点社会不公正,想想
916	harms of algorithmic biases, massive intellectual property theft, and the exploitation of workers	大规模知识产权盗窃和剥削工人
917	in the global south.	在全球南部。
918	And whose nobility negates devastating environmental harms, think of the	他们的贵族否定了毁灭性的环境损害,
919	tremendous use of minerals, water, and energy in ever larger and more numerous data centers.	越来越多的数据中心大量使用矿物、水和能源。
920	AGI is taken to be so vital to humanity that some high-profile champions claim it warrants	AGI被认为对人类如此重要以至于一些高知名度的冠军声称它值得
921	measures causing mass near-term suffering and death.	造成大规模近期痛苦和死亡的措施。
922	That is the philanthropic logic	这就是慈善逻辑
923	long-termism uses to hide wrongs of an industry attracting more money than any investment wave in	长期主义用来掩盖一个行业吸引更多金钱的错误而不是任何投资浪潮
924	history.	历史
925	Chillingly, the logic echoes the reasoning of sci-fi villains like Thanos in the Marvel	冷静地说,逻辑与科幻恶棍的推理相呼应像塔诺斯在马维尔
926	universe and of real-world fascist autocrats.	宇宙和现实世界的法西斯专制者
927	Equally chilling, it's become influential in	同样令人寒冷的是,它已经变得有影响力
928	international policy circles at a time of accelerating deterioration of democratic norms	在民主规范加速恶化之际的国际政策圈
929	and growing tolerance for mass surveillance, secret police, concentration camps, genocide,	并日益容忍大规模监视、秘密警察、集中营、种族灭绝、
930	wars of aggression, and authoritarianism's other characteristic forms of violence.	侵略战争和专制主义的其他典型的暴力形式。
931	With due respect	一心奉请
932	to the opposition, this is an issue for now.	对反对派来说,这是一个问题。
933	To oppose this repackaging of horror as beneficence,	为了反对将恐怖重新包装为仁慈
934	we need conceptual tools to critique ideologies.	我们需要批评意识形态的概念工具。
935	We have to reject the	我们必须拒绝
936	scientistic world picture underlying entrenched economic and moral theories that obscures	科学世界的景象隐藏着深刻的经济和道德理论
937	grievous injustices and environmental harms.	严重的不公正和环境损害。
938	We have to recognize that understanding the world	我们必须认识到对世界的理解
939	calls for hard-fought historical and cultural perspectives, and that a new perspective may	需要艰苦奋斗的历史和文化视角,新的视角可能
940	reveal previously overlooked patterns, relationships, and values.	揭示以前被忽视的模式、关系和价值。
941	Doing so helps us to see that the	这样做有助于我们看到
942	considerations that seem to speak for prioritizing long-termists' allegedly glorious techno-future	认为长期主义者所谓的光荣科技未来
943	are unsound, that the huge number of posthumans at play in this supposed utopia are not an argument	这个假乌托邦的众多后人并不是个争论
944	for getting to AGI, and that they in no way excuse the grievous wrongs for which tech companies are	他们绝对不能原谅技术公司所犯下的严重错误
945	responsible.	负责。
946	Society's commitment to democratic ideals has decayed so much and so quickly that	社会对民主理想的承诺如此之快和如此之快地衰落,以至于
947	many damaging industries have stopped even trying to pretty up their reputations.	许多有害的工业甚至停止了试图改善他们的声誉。
948	Major gas companies	主要天然气公司
949	are abandoning their support for conservation projects, and tech companies who just yesterday	他们放弃了对保护项目的支持也放弃了昨天的技术公司
950	insisted that humanity's fate depended on value-aligned machines are today backing away	说人类的命运取决于价值一致的机器今天正在被抛弃
951	from their own AI safety initiatives, some while spreading child sexual abuse material and racist	一些在传播儿童性虐待材料和种族主义的同时,
952	conspiracies.	密谋.
953	That is not progress.	这不是进步。
954	These developments are worse than buffing one's public image with	这些进展比让公众看到
955	philanthropic polish, but the use of philanthropy for image burnishing is a key chapter in the story	慈善油,但利用慈善图像燃烧是故事的关键章节
956	of how we got to this moment.	我们是如何到达这一刻的。
957	We have gotten here partly through widespread and sometimes	我们经过了部分广度,有时
958	well-intentioned philanthropic gestures that hide the injustices and ecological damages of	隐藏不公正和生态损害的善意慈善姿态
959	mega industries.	大型工业。
960	Understanding how this happened is the first step to fighting back, which is why	了解这是怎么回事是反击的第一步, 这就是为什么
961	it is so important to support this house when it observes most pertinently that philanthropy	当我们最关心的是慈善事业时支持这所房子
962	is used to launder reputations.	用来洗刷名声
963	Thank you.	谢谢
964	Speakers for opposition.	代言反对。
965	Yes,	对
966	if we could invite first a member of the audience to deliver a two-minute speech.	如果我们能邀请一位观众作两分钟的发言
967	Ladies and gentlemen, today if we go to the public and we are left to perfectly see the enemy of the	女士们,先生们,今天,如果我们去公众,我们被完美地看到敌人
968	good at best, at worst we are agitating for a return to the atrocities of communism.	最好,最坏的情况是,我们焦急于恢复共产主义的暴行。
969	All the capitalism bashing we have seen is fairly predictable.	我们所看到的资本主义的打击是相当可预测的。
970	To say that one person has the	说一个人有
971	opportunity to finish his scholarship or not is probably one more opportunity that this person	是否有机会完成他的奖学金可能是另一个机会这个人
972	would have had had they been born under any system at any time in history and will I roll that dice	如果他们在历史上的任何时候在任何制度下出生我会掷骰子
973	or have no dice to roll, I will damn well roll the dice.	或者没有骰子滚, 我会他妈的滚骰子。
974	Communism of course is going to give	共产主义当然会给
975	the poor nothing but plenty of company except the rich.	穷人除了富人之外,没有别的什么。
976	Of course they get to stay rich,	当然,他们可以保持富有,
977	but more importantly if we say oh it's just reputation laundering, the morally correct thing	但更重要的是,如果我们说哦这只是名声清洗, 道德正确的事情
978	to do whenever a billionaire gives you money is to tell him to f off as a cynical reputation	每当一个亿万富翁给你钱就是要他放弃一个愤世嫉俗的名声
979	launderer.	洗钱者。
980	The money exists, the money isn't going anywhere, get used to it.	钱是存在的,钱是不会去任何地方, 习惯它。
981	We need to put this money	我们要把钱放进去
982	somewhere good.	找个好地方
983	Would we rather a philanthropist gave 10 million dollars to a foundation that	我们宁可慈善家捐一千万美元给一个基金会
984	monstrously lifted people out of poverty or discovered the cure for a rare disease	将人们从贫困中解救出来或发现一种罕见疾病的治疗方法
985	or would we rather that an arms dealer just spent it on more guns?	或者我们更希望一个军火商花在更多的枪支上?
986	Those are our choices.	这是我们的选择。
987	We can have vaccines or guns and if you want to pick the vaccines you need to encourage people	我们可以有疫苗或枪如果你想挑疫苗,你需要鼓励人们
988	who would otherwise spend it on the guns to invest in the vaccines.	否则他们会花在枪上投资疫苗
989	Do not support the proposition,	不要支持这个提议,
990	do not support these cynical poise that will cause more harm but make us maybe feel good	不要支持这些会造成更多伤害的愤世嫉俗的乌龟但也许让我们感觉很好
991	afterwards.	之后会的
992	Let's actually help people and support philanthropy and oppose this motion.	让我们真正帮助人们和支持慈善事业,反对这个动议.
993	Thank you	谢谢
994	very much.	非常喜欢
995	Any speakers for our proposition?	有人要发言吗?
996	Yes.	对
997	We've heard a lot today during this debate,	我们今天在辩论期间听到很多
998	I'll be fast, I'm sure you all want to go home and watch EastEnders after this.	我会很快的,我敢肯定,你们都想回家看Eastenders之后。
999	However, we've heard stuff about AI, we've heard stuff about the past and the trials and tribulations	不过,我们听说了AI的事,我们听说了过去的事以及审判和磨难的事
1000	of Rockefeller but I think this debate boils down to the age-old question.	洛克菲勒,但我想这场辩论归结为一个古老的问题。
1001	What's in a name?	名中何为.
1002	What do we, by which I mean by any other name, what's in the name of Rose?	我们,我的意思是任何其他名字, 什么在玫瑰的名义?
1003	By any other name	以任何其他名称
1004	it would surely smell just as sweet as Shakespeare once said and here's something that I'm surprised	闻起来肯定和莎士比亚说过的一样甜我感到惊讶
1005	no one else has mentioned.	没有人提到过。
1006	If you look to the corner of this room you see the Mitsubishi Motors	如果你看看这个房间的角落,你看到三菱汽车
1007	logo and that is an example of philanthropy.	这是慈善事业的一个例子。
1008	That is one of the great advantages of philanthropy,	这是慈善事业的一大优势
1009	it can benefit those Cinderella causes that governments would just simply be seen as	灰姑娘认为,政府只是被视为
1010	wasteful.	浪费.
1011	Take the example of Sir Isaac Wolfson, he after working as a businessman in Grand Union	以艾萨克·沃尔夫森爵士为例他在大联盟当商人后
1012	department stores, he started his own foundation which funded many education projects throughout	百货公司,他创办了自己的基金会资助了许多教育项目
1013	this country.	这个国家
1014	Wolfson College Oxford would attest to that, as would Wolfson College Cambridge,	牛津大学沃尔夫森学院将证明这一点,如同剑桥大学沃尔夫森学院一样,
1015	the only Oxford College I think to be named after not a saint and not a lord, which is quite the	我唯一一个牛津学院的名字不是以圣人命名的也不是以领主命名的
1016	in itself and that is the great advantage we see in modern philanthropy.	这就是我们在现代慈善事业中看到的伟大优势。
1017	Of course you know sometimes	你当然知道有时
1018	I will admit they do come from people trying to negate their past images but we cannot simply deny	我承认他们确实来自人们试图否定他们过去的形象但我们不能简单地否认
1019	the benefits for the sake of a name and that is my speech.	为了一个名字的好处这就是我的演讲
1020	Thank you very much.	谢谢
1021	Finally I invite	最后,我请
1022	the last speaker for side opposition.	最后一位反对者。
1023	Madam President, thank you.	主席女士,谢谢你。
1024	I want to begin by thanking	我首先要感谢
1025	the Oxford Union for the honor of this invitation.	牛津大学联盟为这个邀请的荣誉。
1026	This society has been home to consequential	这个社会一直以来都是如此
1027	argument for 200 years that it still is in an age when most public discourse has been reduced	认为200年来它仍处于大多数公共言论已经减少的时代;
1028	to a shouting match on a small screen is something worth protecting so I'm very grateful to be here.	在小屏幕上大喊大叫是值得保护的所以我非常感激能来
1029	My name is Nick Hanauer.	我叫尼克・哈纳
1030	I am an American entrepreneur, venture capitalist, civic activist,	我是美国企业家风险投资家公民活动家
1031	and philanthropist.	还有慈善家
1032	My wife and I among other things have signed the Giving Pledge	我妻子和我签了承诺书
1033	and run a policy organization called Civic Ventures and I have spent the last 15 years	经营一个叫"公民创业"的政策组织我花了15年时间
1034	trying to use my wealth to challenge the very economic system that made it possible.	试图利用我的财富挑战经济制度使它成为可能。
1035	In many ways I am what my opponents object to.	在许多方面,我是我的对手反对。
1036	You've heard a lot of arguments tonight about why	你今晚听到很多关于为什么
1037	philanthropy is a problem.	慈善事业是个问题。
1038	My opponents have made many of them well but as the last speaker	我的对手已经做了很多好,但作为最后一位发言者
1039	you will hear tonight before you walk through those doors to vote I want to offer something	你今晚会听到的在你走进那些门投票之前我想提供一些东西
1040	more than another round of billionaire bashing.	不止一次亿万富翁的殴打
1041	I want to offer you a better critique.	我想给你一个更好的批评。
1042	So I	所以说
1043	understand the sentiment here and the very high bar that the opposition to this proposition must	理解这里的情绪和非常高的酒吧,反对这个提议必须
1044	reach tonight because if we are honest this group of philanthropists that we're talking about tonight	今晚到达,因为如果我们是诚实的这群慈善家我们谈论今晚
1045	is a very hard group of people to be sympathetic to.	是一群很难同情的人
1046	So some of the richest people in the world,	所以有些世界上最富有的人
1047	several of whom I know personally and intimately appear to be in a deliberate campaign to prove	我认识的几个人似乎在蓄意证明
1048	to the rest of the world that they are the worst people on earth.	对世界其他国家来说他们是地球上最糟糕的人
1049	They are liars, sociopaths,	他们是说谎的,是反社会的人。
1050	cheaters, and worse.	骗子,更糟糕的是。
1051	They are people who seem to be convinced that the normal laws and norms of	他们似乎相信正常的法律和规范
1052	that the rest of us take seriously do not apply to them.	我们其他人认真对待,并不适用于他们。
1053	Meanwhile the world's most disgusting	同时,世界最恶心
1054	human being, in my opinion, the current president of the United States, leads the way by modeling	人类,我认为,美国现任总统, 率先通过模特
1055	this behavior every single day.	每天都有这样的行为
1056	Worse, much of today's philanthropy seeks to take the hard edges	更糟糕的是,今天的慈善事业大部分都想占上风
1057	off problems that the philanthropists themselves created.	远离慈善家自己制造的问题
1058	So I get it.	所以,我明白了这一点。
1059	This proposition	这个提议
1060	is hard to resist.	很难抗拒
1061	But my opponents tonight are brilliant people.	但我今晚的对手都是聪明人
1062	They have argued correctly	他们的争论是正确的
1063	that many of the world's largest philanthropists are not a great group of people and in many ways	世界上许多最大的慈善家不是一群伟大的人在许多方面
1064	are not making the world a better place.	没有使世界变得更美好。
1065	And in many cases are very interested in making themselves	在许多情况下,他们都非常想让自己
1066	seem less terrible.	似乎没有那么可怕。
1067	They have argued that some of this philanthropy doesn't advance the public	他们认为,一些慈善事业并没有推进公众
1068	good but rather advances a narrow ideological agenda.	良好的,但反而推进了狭隘的意识形态议程。
1069	They have argued that philanthropy is	他们认为慈善是
1070	reputation laundering and for some of these people that the system in many ways is corrupt.	对其中一些人来说系统在许多方面都是腐败的
1071	And some	还有一些
1072	of this is undeniably true.	这一点是不可否认的。
1073	But the proposition before this house is not, should we ban billionaires?	但是这个房子面前的提议不是,我们是否应该禁止亿万富翁?
1074	It is not.	事实并非如此。
1075	Does extreme inequality and philanthropy corrupt	极端的不平等和慈善是否腐败
1076	society and philanthropy?	社会与慈善事业?
1077	It is not.	事实并非如此。
1078	Do many of the world's richest people deserve to be rounded	世界上许多最富有的人都值得被围起来
1079	up and put on a desert island with no food or water?	上到荒岛上,没有食物或水?
1080	These propositions may be true,	这些提议可能是真的,
1081	but that is not what we are debating tonight.	但这不是我们今晚辩论的内容。
1082	We are debating whether philanthropy writ large	我们正在辩论慈善事业是否具有
1083	is only reputation washing.	只有名声洗刷。
1084	Not whether it is sometimes because most of the time it is not,	不是因为有时候不是
1085	and that's a fact.	这是事实
1086	And if we can find good examples where it is not, then you must vote	如果我们能找到好的例子,那你必须投票
1087	against this proposition.	反对这个提议。
1088	So I'd like to share three examples from my own life and experience	所以,我想分享三个例子从我自己的生活和经验
1089	and I want you to decide for yourselves if this was reputation washing.	我希望你们自己决定这是在洗名声吗?
1090	I didn't just participate	我不只是参加
1091	in the fight for a $15 minimum wage in the United States.	在美国争取15美元的最低工资
1092	I helped launch the campaign.	我帮助发起运动。
1093	I helped finance the campaign.	我帮助资助了这场运动。
1094	I helped pick the number 15.	我帮选了15号
1095	When we began the minimum wage in	当我们开始最低工资在
1096	Seattle was $9.25 an hour.	西雅图每小时9.25美元.
1097	Today it's over $21.	今过二十一载.
1098	Our collective efforts have delivered or	我们的集体努力已经或
1099	are delivering over $150 billion annually to working families around the country,	每年向全国的工作家庭提供1 500多亿美元;
1100	and we did this while corporate America spent millions to oppose us.	我们这样做的同时美国公司花费了数百万来反对我们。
1101	I want you to imagine for	我希望你能想象一下,我梦到
1102	a moment being the only rich guy at the club or wherever rich people hang out who has devoted	片刻是俱乐部里唯一一个有钱人或有钱人常去的地方
1103	themselves to passing laws requiring other rich people to pay working people a decent wage.	要求其他富人向劳动者支付体面的工资。
1104	This is not a great way to win a popularity contest, I can tell you.	这可不是赢得受欢迎赛的好办法我可以告诉你
1105	Was this reputation	这是名声
1106	laundering?	洗钱?
1107	Didn't seem so at the time and it still does not.	那时候似乎没有,现在还没有
1108	Our philanthropy was also	我们的慈善事业也是
1109	responsible for the creation of something called the Alliance for Gun Responsibility aimed at	负责创建一个名为"枪支责任联盟"的团体,其目的是:
1110	confronting the scourge of gun violence tearing America's communities apart.	面对枪支暴力的祸害撕裂美国的社区。
1111	That organization,	该组织,
1112	since founding, has passed over 60 laws across four states, saving countless lives.	自建国以来,在四个州通过了60多项法律,拯救了无数人的生命。
1113	Was that	这是
1114	reputation washing?	洗名声?
1115	It definitely doesn't feel that way, particularly when your family is getting	肯定不是那种感觉尤其是你家人开始
1116	death threats from the gun nuts for having the courage to stand up to confront this crisis.	枪支坚果的死亡威胁因为他们有勇气面对危机
1117	When my wife and I made a donation to our local children's hospital to fund the human trials for	我妻子和我向当地儿童医院捐款资助人类试验
1118	immunotherapy for children's cancer and then watch kids who were for sure going to die	儿童癌症的免疫治疗,然后看着那些肯定要死的小孩
1119	walk out of the hospital cured, was that reputation washing?	走出医院后就痊愈了名声洗了吗?
1120	The thousands of kids who are alive today	成千上万的今天活着的孩子
1121	may not think so.	也许不会
1122	So it didn't feel then like it was reputation laundering, doesn't feel like now,	所以当时感觉不像是名声清洗感觉不像现在
1123	we didn't need to do that, our kids don't have cancer.	我们不需要这样做, 我们的孩子没有癌症。
1124	Now I do not believe that the philanthropy	现在我不相信慈善事业
1125	my wife and I have engaged in over these many years is reputation laundering, but I also don't	我老婆和我这几年来都参与过名声清洗但我也不喜欢
1126	believe that much of it should be necessary and that's where my opponents get it wrong tonight.	相信其中很多是必须的那就是我的对手今晚弄错了的地方
1127	Not the diagnosis, the prescription.	不是诊断而是处方
1128	But before we go into that, let me make a more fundamental	但在此之前,让我做一个更基本
1129	point because the motion doesn't say billionaire philanthropy is reputation laundering, it says	因为动议没有说亿万富翁慈善事业是名声清洗,它说
1130	modern philanthropy.	现代慈善事业.
1131	Three quarters of American citizens gave to charity last year, half of the	去年,四分之三的美国公民向慈善事业捐献了一半
1132	adults in the UK gave to charity last year, 15.4 billion pounds, that's tens of millions of ordinary	英国成年人去年捐给慈善机构 154亿英镑, 即数千万普通
1133	people giving to their churches, their schools, their local hospitals, cancer research and food	教会、学校、当地医院、癌症研究和食品
1134	banks.	银行
1135	Is the grandmother putting 20 pounds in the collection plate on Sunday engaged in reputation	外婆星期天把20磅的钞票放进收藏盘里算是有名的吧
1136	laundering?	洗钱?
1137	Is the parent sponsoring their colleagues charity run doing reputation laundering?	父母是否赞助他们的同僚们慈善机构进行名誉清洗?
1138	When the people of this country gave over a billion pounds to children in need, were they	当这个国家的人民给10亿英镑需要帮助的儿童,他们
1139	laundering their reputations?	洗刷他们的名声?
1140	I don't think so.	亦不见.
1141	The motion as written is not a serious proposition,	书面动议并不是一个严肃的提议,
1142	it confuses a legitimate critique of the power of the very wealthy with an indictment of human	它混淆了对富人权力的合理批评和对人类的起诉
1143	generosity itself and these are very different things.	慷慨本身和这些完全不同的东西。
1144	So the motion is wrong, but I also think	所以,这个动议是错误的, 但我也认为
1145	it is too easy.	这是太容易。
1146	The thing that people are objecting to, the people that think that people that the	人们反对的东西, 那些认为人们
1147	people hate isn't philanthropy, what people should object to is neoliberalism.	人们应该反对的是新自由主义。
1148	The economic ideology	经济思想
1149	that created a world so grotesquely unequal that philanthropy has become structurally necessary	造就了一个不平等的世界慈善事业在结构上变得必要
1150	because beginning in the 1970s we were all sold an ideology, shrink government, cut taxes on the	因为从20世纪70年代开始我们都被卖了意识形态收缩政府削减税收
1151	wealthy, deregulate markets, suppress wages and trust that prosperity would trickle down.	富裕的,放松管制的市场,压制工资,相信繁荣会消逝.
1152	What actually happened?	到底发生了什么?
1153	Wealth concentrated radically, public institutions were starved	财富完全集中公共机构被饿死
1154	and then surprise, we turned to the very people who had captured all that wealth and said please	然后,我们惊奇地转向了那些曾夺取了一切财富,并且说:
1155	voluntarily give it back through charity.	自愿通过慈善还给它.
1156	That's not reputation laundering, that's the system working	这不是名声清洗,这是系统的工作
1157	exactly as it was designed.	完全如设计
1158	Neoliberalism needs philanthropy, how else do you justify	新自由主义需要慈善,你还有什么理由
1159	concentrating wealth while gutting public capacity?	集中财富而削弱公共能力?
1160	Modern philanthropy isn't a bug in	现代慈善事业不是个错误
1161	neoliberalism, it's a feature.	新自由主义,是一个特征.
1162	So my co-author Oxford professor Eric Beinacher there have spent	因此,我的合著者牛津教授埃里克·比纳赫在那里花费
1163	years developing an alternative, quick advertisement, developing an alternative economic paradigm	* 制定替代、快速广告、制定替代经济模式
1164	we call market humanism and economics built around the idea that the purpose of the economy	我们称之为市场人文主义和经济学围绕经济的目的
1165	is human flourishing, not shareholder value.	是人类繁荣,不是股东价值。
1166	In that kind of system you wouldn't need billionaire	在那种系统中,你不需要亿万富翁
1167	philanthropy to fund cancer research or keep universities afloat.	慈善事业资助癌症研究或维持大学的发展。
1168	The fact that we do need it	我们确实需要它
1169	isn't a testament to philanthropic generosity, it's indictment of the economic system, it is	这不是慈善慷慨的证明而是对经济体制的控告
1170	an indictment of the economic system that we have chosen.	起诉我们所选择的经济体系。
1171	So here's what I'm asking the house to do	所以,我要求这房子做
1172	tonight.	今晚见
1173	If you vote for this motion you get to feel righteous about billionaires behaving badly	如果你投票支持这个动议你就会觉得亿万富翁行为不好
1174	and fair enough most of them deserve it.	并且足够公平他们大多数应得的。
1175	But if you vote against this motion you're forced to ask	但如果你投票反对这个动议你就不得不问
1176	the harder question, not are billionaires doing charity for the right reasons, but why did we	更难的问题,不是亿万富翁做慈善的原因是正确的, 但我们为什么
1177	build an economic system that starves democracy while feeding philanthropy?	建立一个在养活慈善事业的同时饥饿民主的经济体系?
1178	That's the question	这就是问题所在
1179	worth answering, that's the critique worth making.	值得回答,这是值得批评的。
1180	And finally the proposition in many ways is	最后,在许多方面,建议是
1181	absurd on its face.	简直太荒谬了
1182	We all know the Sacklers are criminals.	我们都知道赛克尔人是罪犯
1183	Having a Sackler wing in a university	在大学里有萨克勒的翅膀
1184	or a museum is an embarrassment today.	或者博物馆今天很尴尬
1185	If modern philanthropy is truly reputation laundering it	如果现代的慈善事业真的名声扫地
1186	isn't working.	没用的
1187	If it did we would not be having this debate.	如果是这样,我们就不会举行这次辩论。
1188	So I urge the house to reject this	所以我劝大家不要这样
1189	motion and demand a deeper reckoning with the system that made mass philanthropy necessary	* 要求更深入地考虑使大规模慈善事业成为必要的制度
1190	in the first place.	最初.
1191	Thank you.	谢谢

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