【牛津辩论】军火工业是否应该为战争罪行承担责任？

发布于 2026-04-27 · 时长 1:17:54

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:03	If you hand a gun to a killer, you are an accomplice.	如果你把枪交给凶手你就是同谋
0:07	If you hand them a bomb, you're a defense contractor.	如果你给他们一枚炸弹, 你是一个国防承包商。
0:10	The use of the weapons is a human choice.	使用这些武器是人类的选择。
0:15	And that human choice also, as has been mentioned,	和人类的选择, 正如已经提到的,
0:19	means that human ingenuity does come into play.	意味着人类的才智确实在起作用.
0:32	I now put the motion to the House.	我现在向众议院提出动议。
0:34	This House believes, this House would hold the arms industry responsible for war crimes.	本院认为,本院将追究军火工业的战争罪。
0:39	I will now look for the first speaker in proposition.	我现在找第一位发言者。
0:41	I look to Rosalie Chapman, Hartford College and Human Sciences.	我找罗莎莉查普曼哈特福德学院和人类科学
1:13	If you give a killer a gun, you're called an accomplice.	如果你给一个杀手一把枪, 你被称为共犯。

展开字幕全文（1064 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	If you hand a gun to a killer, you are an accomplice.	如果你把枪交给凶手你就是同谋
2	If you hand them a bomb, you're a defense contractor.	如果你给他们一枚炸弹, 你是一个国防承包商。
3	The use of the weapons is a human choice.	使用这些武器是人类的选择。
4	And that human choice also, as has been mentioned,	和人类的选择, 正如已经提到的,
5	means that human ingenuity does come into play.	意味着人类的才智确实在起作用.
6	I now put the motion to the House.	我现在向众议院提出动议。
7	This House believes, this House would hold the arms industry responsible for war crimes.	本院认为,本院将追究军火工业的战争罪。
8	I will now look for the first speaker in proposition.	我现在找第一位发言者。
9	I look to Rosalie Chapman, Hartford College and Human Sciences.	我找罗莎莉查普曼哈特福德学院和人类科学
10	If you give a killer a gun, you're called an accomplice.	如果你给一个杀手一把枪, 你被称为共犯。
11	But if you give them a bomb, you're called a defense contractor.	但是如果你给他们一枚炸弹, 你被称为国防承包商。
12	Tonight's motion is neither abstract nor theoretical.	今晚的运动既不是抽象的也不是理论性的.
13	It is brutally real.	这是残酷真实的。
14	As we debate in comfort in this historic chamber,	当我们在这个历史性的会议厅中以舒适的心情辩论时,
15	weapons bearing Western serial numbers are tearing through civilian neighborhoods.	携带西方序列号的武器在平民社区流淌
16	Missiles produced for profit are used not in defense,	为盈利而生产的导弹不是用于防御,
17	but in the calculated execution of internationally recognized crimes.	但是在计算国际承认的罪行时
18	The child hospitals of Gaza, the marketplaces of Yemen reduced to rubble,	加沙儿童医院、也门的市场沦为废墟,
19	the mass graves of Darfur and the refugee camps swelling with survivors of atrocities.	达尔富尔的乱葬坑和难民营充斥着暴行的幸存者。
20	Billion dollar firms profit from death while hiding behind the illusion of innocence,	亿元公司从死亡中获利却躲在天真幻想的背后
21	and their complicity demands accountability.	他们的同谋行为需要问责。
22	Tonight, I will advance three central arguments.	今晚,我将提出三个中心论点。
23	Firstly, that the arms industry is not a passive supplier, but an active enabler of war crimes.	第一,军火工业不是被动的供应者,而是战争罪的积极推动者。
24	Secondly, that knowingly selling weapons to war criminals constitutes aiding and abetting under international law.	第二,根据国际法,故意向战争罪犯出售武器构成协助和教唆。
25	And lastly, that meaningful accountability is not only possible, but essential to prevent future atrocities.	最后,这种有意义的问责制不仅是可能的,而且是防止今后发生暴行的关键。
26	But first, the duty and indeed the honor falls upon me to introduce the speakers of side opposition.	但首先,我有责任、而且的确很荣幸向大家介绍反对派的发言人。
27	Opening the case for opposition, you'll soon hear from Paul Boyd,	立案反对,你很快就会听到保罗·博伊德
28	our director of sponsorships here at the Oxford Union and a current MBA student.	我们的赞助主任在这里在牛津大学联盟和现任MBA的学生。
29	Paul is famous for his charm and skill at securing great deals for the union, including our floor prices this term.	保罗以他为工会争取大交易的魅力和技巧而闻名,包括我们这个任期的底价.
30	But tonight, he faces his toughest pitch yet,	但是今晚,他面对他最艰难的投手
31	convincing all of us that the arms industry should avoid accountability.	说服我们大家,军火工业应避免追究责任。
32	Knowing Paul's reputation, he's probably already prepared a compelling argument	了解保罗的名声他可能已经准备了一个令人信服的论点
33	on why war crimes are simply misunderstood business strategies.	为何战争罪被误解为商业战略。
34	Recently, Paul dyed his eyebrows blonde, presumably hoping that changing his look might distract us	最近,保罗染了他的眉毛金发, 推测希望改变他的容貌可能会分散我们的注意力
35	from the questionable moral ground he's chosen to defend tonight.	从值得怀疑的道德基础他选择今晚捍卫。
36	In all honesty, Paul is a wonderful friend and I'm honored to be debating with him tonight.	老实说,保罗是个好朋友我很荣幸今晚能和他辩论
37	Next, you'll hear from Professor Shannon French,	接下来是香农·法兰西教授的消息
38	Case Western Reserve University的哲学教授专门研究军事道德
39	a challenging concept when combined with opposing accountability for war crimes.	一个具有挑战性的概念,与反对对战争罪追究责任结合起来。
40	Interestingly, Professor French has authored a book called The Code of the Warrior,	有趣的是,法兰西教授写了一本名为"勇士守则"的书,
41	detailing ethical standards in combat.	详细说明战斗中的道德标准。
42	Tonight, however, she argues against holding accountable those who literally arm the warriors.	不过今晚她反对追究那些武装战士的人的责任
43	Professor French, perhaps your next book should be titled Ethics, Easier Said Than Done.	法兰西教授,也许你的下一本书应该是《道德》,《易经》
44	结束反对诉讼的是Sean McFaite医生
45	author, professor, and former private military contractor,	提交人、教授和前私营军事承包商,
46	or as some might bluntly call him, a professional mercenary.	或者有人会直言不讳地叫他职业雇佣兵
47	Dr. McFaite has described war as increasingly privatized,	麦克法伊特博士形容战争日益私有化,
48	which conveniently aligns with his own lucrative career path.	这与他自己的赚钱的事业道路很契合
49	His book, The Modern Mercenary, has been called a critical look at private warfare.	他的著作"现代商法"(The Modern Mercenary)被称为对私人战争的批判性审视.
50	But tonight, he's here arguing against accountability for an industry from which he's directly benefited.	但今晚,他在这里争论问责一个行业他直接受益。
51	Dr. McFaite, let's hope your arguments tonight aren't as outsourced and unregulated as the wars you've studied.	麦克法伊特博士,希望你今晚的争论不像你研究过的战争那样被外包和不受管制
52	Madame President, these are your guest speakers and they are most welcome.	总统女士,这是您的嘉宾演讲者,他们非常受欢迎。
53	If you hold, if you hand a gun to a killer, you are an accomplice.	如果你拿着,如果你把枪给一个杀手,你是共犯。
54	If you hand them a bomb, you're a defense contractor.	如果你给他们一枚炸弹, 你是一个国防承包商。
55	Let's be clear.	说清楚
56	Arms are not ordinary goods.	武器不是普通货物。
57	They are not like food, textiles, or even knives.	它们不像食物,纺织品,甚至刀。
58	A knife might cut vegetables, or commit, or might cut vegetables, or be used to commit violence.	一把刀可能切割蔬菜,或实施,或可能切割蔬菜,或被用来实施暴力。
59	But it wasn't made to kill.	但它不是用来杀人的
60	Arms, by contrast, are purpose-built for destruction.	相比之下,武器是专为销毁而制造的。
61	These are not tools with incidental risk.	这些不是附带风险的工具。
62	They are weapons engineered for one outcome, to maim, to annihilate, to end life.	这些武器是为了一个结果、伤害、毁灭、结束生命而设计的。
63	A Hellfire missile has no peaceful application.	地狱之火导弹没有和平用途。
64	You don't use it to build a bridge or defend a border.	不以建桥或保卫边疆.
65	You use it to reduce buildings to dust and body statistics.	你用它来减少建筑物尘埃和身体统计。
66	So when arms dealers supply these weapons to known war criminals, they are not neutral actors.	因此,当军火商向已知的战争罪犯提供这些武器时,他们不是中立的行为者。
67	In Yemen, Saudi-led airstrikes have devastated civilian infrastructure.	在也门,沙特主导的空袭摧毁了民用基础设施。
68	Markets, hospitals, funerals, and schools have been decimated to dust.	市场、医院、葬礼和学校被夷为平地。
69	The UN has documented hundreds of such strikes as possible war crimes.	联合国记录了数以百计的此类攻击行为,作为可能的战争罪行。
70	And the bombs that caused them?	造成他们的炸弹呢?
71	Supplied by foreign arms companies.	外国军火公司供应。
72	Raytheon, General Dynamics, Lockhead Martin.	雷席恩,将军动力,洛克海德马丁。
73	Fragments with these logos have been found among the bodies of the dead.	在死者尸体中发现了带有这些标志的碎片.
74	These companies were warned.	这些公司受到警告。
75	They were informed.	他们被告知了。
76	And still, their contracts flowed.	但是,他们的合同流传。
77	This is not an exception, members.	各成员,这不是例外。
78	It is a pattern.	这是一个模式。
79	In Sudan, during the Darfur genocide, arms supplied from foreign firms were used to execute a campaign of mass rape, killing, and forced displacement.	在苏丹,在达尔富尔种族灭绝期间,外国公司提供的武器被用来进行大规模强奸、杀戮和强迫流离失所的运动。
80	In Myanmar, weapons helped fuel ethnic cleansing against Rohingya.	在缅甸,武器助长了对罗辛亚的种族清洗。
81	In Gaza, white phosphorus burned civilians to the bone and was traced back to international suppliers.	在加沙,白磷烧毁平民的骨头,并追溯到国际供应商。
82	Let us be clear.	让我们说清楚。
83	These firms are not neutral vendors.	这些公司不是中立的供应商。
84	They are part of the causal chain that allows war crimes to take place and should be treated as such.	它们属于允许发生战争罪的因果链的一部分,应作为因果链处理。
85	The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, signed by over 120 nations, makes it a crime to aid, abet, or otherwise assist the commission of war crimes.	由120多个国家签署的《国际刑事法院罗马规约》将协助、教唆或以其他方式协助犯下战争罪定为犯罪。
86	Providing the means for such crimes qualifies.	为此类罪行提供手段符合条件。
87	Yet, we've created a loophole large enough for a fleet of tanks to drive through.	然而,我们已经创造了一个漏洞足够大的坦克队通过。
88	We apply these standards to individuals in uniform, but not to the corporations who arm them.	我们把这些标准适用于身着制服的个人,但不适用于武装他们的公司。
89	Take the example of Lafarge.	举拉法日为例.
90	The French cement company finds $778 million for financing terrorism in Syria.	法国水泥公司发现7.78亿美元在叙利亚资助恐怖主义.
91	The president is there.	总统在
92	Corporations can be held accountable when they contribute to mass atrocities.	当公司助长大规模暴行时,可以追究其责任。
93	So why is it that when it comes to arms manufacturers, we suddenly turn a blind eye?	那么,为什么当涉及到武器制造商时,我们突然视而不见?
94	If a company sells weapons to a regime already under international investigation for war crimes,	如果一家公司向已经因战争罪而接受国际调查的政权出售武器,
95	despite satellite images, UN reports, and public documentation, how is that not complicity?	尽管有卫星图像、联合国报告以及公开文件,
96	When the evidence is clear and the consequence is predictable, silence is not neutrality.	当证据清楚,结果可以预测时,沉默不是中立的。
97	It is participation.	它就是参与。
98	They will argue that these companies can't know how their weapons will be used.	他们会争辩这些公司无法知道如何使用他们的武器。
99	But in law, we already apply standards like gross negligence, willful blindness, and failure to conduct due diligence in finance and environmental regulation.	但在法律中,我们已经应用了一些标准,例如重大疏忽、故意失明、以及未能在金融和环境监管中尽职尽责。
100	We can and should do the same here.	我们能够而且应该这样做。
101	If a company ignores red flags and sells anyway, it should not be protected.	如果一个公司无视红旗,反正出售,就不应该受到保护.
102	It should be prosecuted.	应当起诉。
103	They will tell you that manufacturing weapons doesn't guarantee their use.	他们会告诉你制造武器并不能保证它们的使用
104	That the metastasization of arms is somehow necessary as a deterrent to guarantee global peace.	以某种方式说,武器的metastatisation是保障全球和平的威慑手段。
105	Now, I could debate that theory, but frankly, I don't have to.	现在,我可以辩论这个理论, 但坦率地说,我没有必要。
106	Because the reality is that the world is no longer locked in a Cold War era standoff.	因为现实是,世界不再陷入冷战时代的僵局。
107	It is caught in a cycle of proxy wars, drone strikes, cyber attacks, and bombing campaigns.	它陷入代理战争、无人机袭击、网络攻击和轰炸运动的循环。
108	The arms industry has evolved.	军火工业不断发展.
109	It is no longer just about building deterrents for global stability.	它不再仅仅是为全球稳定建立威慑。
110	It is about supplying authoritarian regimes, fueling civil wars, and flooding regions with weapons that devastate local communities.	它涉及向专制政权提供武器、助长内战和向地区提供破坏当地社区的武器。
111	The arms trade has become unequivocally about profit.	军火贸易已明确涉及利润。
112	Deterrents theory cannot explain the Saudi-led bombing of Yemeni schoolchildren.	威慑理论无法解释沙特主导的对也门学童的轰炸。
113	It cannot explain the sale of weapons to militias in Sudan.	它不能解释向苏丹民兵出售武器的原因。
114	And it cannot explain the use of Russian missiles in Maripur.	它无法解释俄罗斯导弹在马里布尔的使用。
115	You simply do not get to cower behind Cold War logic when your products are being used to flatten hospitals instead of hashing out trade deals.	当你的产品被用来压平医院而不是散开贸易交易时, 你根本无法躲在冷战逻辑的后面。
116	So let's be clear.	故说明.
117	Arms companies profit from chaos.	军火公司从混乱中获利.
118	They have no interest in peace.	他们对和平毫无兴趣。
119	But this motion isn't about general weapon ownership.	但是这个动议不是关于一般武器所有权的.
120	It's about irresponsible arms dealing to known war criminals.	是关于不负责任的武器交易已知的战争罪犯。
121	It isn't whether we hold the arms dealers responsible for weapons.	我们是否追究军火商的武器责任并不重要。
122	And it isn't even whether we hold them responsible for war.	即使我们追究他们的战争责任也是不可能的
123	It is whether we should hold them responsible when they knowingly sell weapons to war criminals.	我们是否应该追究他们的责任,如果他们故意向战争罪犯出售武器。
124	And frankly, it should not be controversial to say that when it is internationally recognised that war crimes are being committed by a state,	坦率地说,当国际上承认一个国家正在犯下战争罪行时,不应引起争议。
125	the companies who knowingly put the weapons in their hands should not be allowed to walk away unscathed.	不得允许那些明知故犯地将武器放在自己手中的公司不受破坏地离开。
126	Now the opposition may claim that enforcement is unworkable, that tracing responsibility is too difficult.	现在,反对派可能声称执法不可行,追查责任太难。
127	That arms deals are too complex to regulate.	武器交易太复杂,无法管理。
128	These are excuses, not barriers.	这些是借口,不是障碍。
129	When the UK suspended arms export licenses to Israel due to the risk of complicity in war crimes in Gaza,	当联合王国因有可能参与加沙的战争罪行而暂停向以色列出口武器许可证时,
130	it was a bold and necessary act.	这是一种大胆和必要的行动。
131	It proved that oversight is possible and essential.	它证明,监督是可能和必要的。
132	When investors divested from Lafarge, they didn't punish a rogue firm.	当投资者从拉法尔格剥离时,他们没有惩罚一个流氓公司.
133	They signalled to the market, complicity carries cost.	他们向市场示意,同谋要付出代价。
134	Now imagine the same principle applied across the arms industry.	现在想象一下在武器工业中同样的原则。
135	Universities like ours would divest, pension funds would withdraw, ESG indices would blacklist firms,	像我们这样的大学会撤资养老基金会撤资 ESG指数会把公司列入黑名单
136	and suddenly, boardrooms would have to consider not just profit margins but moral responsibility.	突然间,董事会不仅要考虑利润幅度,还要考虑道德责任。
137	The defence industry would not collapse.	国防工业不会崩溃。
138	It would reform.	它将进行改革。
139	Reform where legitimate defence needs would remain unaffected.	正当的国防需求不会受到影响的改革。
140	And companies that follow ethical standards would continue to supply democracies under attack.	遵守道德标准的公司将继续提供受到攻击的民主国家。
141	Members, they will try to convince you that militaries and governments themselves should take sole responsibility for war crimes.	各位成员,他们将试图说服你们,军队和政府本身应当对战争罪行承担全部责任。
142	But the arms industry does not operate in isolation.	但军火工业并非孤立运作。
143	In 1961, President Eisenhower warned against the establishment of a so-called military industrial complex.	1961年,艾森豪威尔总统警告不要建立所谓的军事工业综合体.
144	The military industrial complex in countries such as the USA has long since become a powerful impact on foreign policy.	美国等国家的军事工业综合体早已成为外交政策的强大影响.
145	Arms companies fund think tanks and lobbyists.	军火公司资助智囊团和说客.
146	They then push for aggressive foreign policy by trading favours and campaign funding to politicians.	然后,他们通过向政治家提供优惠和竞选资金,推行积极的外交政策。
147	They profit while children bleed.	儿童流血时,他们获利。
148	Like a revolving door, individuals move between positions in the military, the government, and the defence industry,	就像一个旋转门,个人在军队,政府和国防工业中的位置之间移动,
149	seemingly unaware of the bloody footprints they leave in the lobby.	看来不知道他们在大厅留下的血迹
150	The line between public duty and private policy is so blurred, one may as well erase it.	公共义务和私人政策之间的界限如此模糊,人们可能也抹去。
151	The political elites are often planning their next career move into the industry that benefits from weak oversight,	政治精英们经常在计划他们的下一个职业生涯进入从薄弱的监管中受益的行业,
152	and the result is systemic refusal to confront war crimes when profits are at stake.	结果是,在涉及利润时,有系统地拒绝对付战争罪。
153	And so long as we turn a blind eye to the responsibility of the arms industry,	只要我们对军火工业的责任视而不见
154	then the cycle of cosy background deals will never stop greasing the wheels of global violence.	那么,舒适的背景交易的循环将永远停止凝聚全球暴力的车轮。
155	Arms dealers currently have the means and the motive to perpetuate cycles of violence that benefit their own bottom line.	军火商目前有手段和动机使暴力循环持续下去,这有利于他们自己的底线。
156	They are not passive bystanders.	他们不是被动的旁观者。
157	They will argue that the arms sellers are neutral.	他们会说军火商是中立的
158	It is how the governments or groups purchasing them use them that matters.	重要的是政府或团体如何使用它们。
159	That their weapons are neutral.	他们的武器是中立的。
160	Is it neutral when chemicals burn Palestinian children to the bone?	当化学物质将巴勒斯坦儿童烧成灰烬时,是否中立?
161	Is it neutral when chemical weapons choke Syrian innocents?	化学武器扼杀叙利亚无辜者是否中立?
162	Is it neutral when bullets drive Rohingya families from their homes?	当子弹将罗辛亚家庭赶出家门时,
163	Their neutrality is an illusion.	他们的中立性是一种幻觉。
164	Members, the motion is not about pacifism or utopia.	议员们,动议不是和平主义或乌托邦主义
165	It is not an attack on defence.	这不是对国防的攻击。
166	It is a call to draw a moral red line.	这是要求画一条道德红线。
167	If we hold drug companies responsible who knowingly sell harmful medicine,	如果我们追究那些故意出售有害药品的毒品公司的责任,
168	if we hold construction firms accountable who cut corners and cause buildings to collapse,	如果我们追究建筑公司的责任谁割角和导致建筑物倒塌,
169	if we hold banks liable for funding terrorism,	如果我们追究银行资助恐怖主义的责任,
170	then why should arms dealers, when their weapons are used to perpetuate war crimes, be exempt?	那么,当军火商的武器被用于使战争罪永久化时,为什么应该豁免?
171	We must end the grotesque hypocrisy that jails soldiers for war crimes,	我们必须结束把士兵关进监狱犯下战争罪行的虚伪行径,
172	but allows those who equip them to dine in peace.	但允许装备他们的人安心地进食。
173	The grotesque hypocrisy that says we must sanction Iran for supplying drones to Russia,	奇怪的虚伪说我们必须制裁伊朗为俄罗斯提供无人机,
174	but allow our domestic firms to supply missiles to other authoritarian regimes.	但允许国内企业向其他独裁政权提供导弹。
175	The grotesque hypocrisy that says if you give a gun to a murderer, you're an accomplice,	奇怪的伪善说如果你给杀人犯一把枪你就是同谋
176	but if you give them a bomb, you're doing business.	但是如果你给他们炸弹, 你做生意。
177	So I ask you, do you side with bomb makers whose missiles bury innocent children?	所以,我问你,你站在炸弹制造者一边,他们的导弹埋葬无辜的儿童?
178	Do you want your money from your tuition fees to be used by your university	你想用你的学费吗?
179	to invest in companies who make arms that fund atrocities at war?	投资给制造武器的公司为战争中的暴行提供资金?
180	So, vote to stop treating arms manufacturers like they supersede the law.	所以,投票停止对待武器制造商像他们取代法律。
181	Vote for the principle that morality must be extended to the marketplace.	支持道德必须延伸到市场的原则。
182	Vote for a world where genocide cannot be perpetuated by corporations,	投票支持一个不能由公司实行种族灭绝的世界,
183	and corporations cannot profit from genocide.	公司不能从种族灭绝中获利。
184	Members, the arms industry are responsible for war crimes.	会员,军火工业要对战争罪负责.
185	I urge you to propose.	我敦促你提议
186	Thank you.	谢谢
187	I thank the Treasurer for her speech.	我感谢财务主任的发言。
188	I will now look for the first speaker in opposition of the motion,	我现在找第一位反对这项动议的发言者,
189	the Director of Sponsorship, Paul Bui.	赞助主任保罗·布伊。
190	Thank you, Madam President.	谢谢你,主席女士。
191	Before I start, I would like to thank Madam President for giving me the opportunity to be here.	在我开始发言之前,我要感谢主席女士给我机会来到这里。
192	With my first paper speech ever, I'm a bit nervous.	我第一次发表纸质演讲,有点紧张
193	Tonight's motion is appealing.	今晚的动议很有吸引力
194	In fact, I was the one who proposed this motion.	事实上,是我提出这个动议的。
195	So let me start by saying that I'm no supporter of the arms industry.	所以,让我首先说,我不是武器工业的支持者。
196	I'm Vietnamese.	我是越南人我是越南人我是越南人我是越南人
197	I was outraged a few months ago when the U.S. stopped funding for victims of Vietnam War	几个月前,美国停止资助越南战争的受害者我感到愤怒
198	who were exposed to horrific toxic chemicals.	他们接触到可怕的有毒化学品。
199	At that moment, I asked myself, if governments step out,	当时,我问自己, 如果政府退出,
200	shouldn't we hold the companies who produce these chemicals accountable?	我们不应该追究生产这些化学品的公司的责任吗?
201	But I was naive.	但我当时很天真
202	After all, who wouldn't want someone to be held accountable for the horror of war?	毕竟,谁不希望有人为战争的恐怖负责呢?
203	But moral outrage alone is not the basis for sound legal policy.	但是,光是道德愤慨并不能成为健全的法律政策的基础。
204	The proposition today is asking you to criminalize arms manufacturers	今天的命题是请你把武器制造商定为犯罪
205	for crimes they did not commit, did not order, and often could not foresee.	他们没有犯罪,没有命令,而且往往无法预见。
206	This is not justice.	这不是正义。
207	This is scapegoating.	这是替罪羊。
208	But before we go any further, it's my honor to introduce the speaker for the proposition tonight.	但在此之前,我很荣幸介绍今晚的演讲人
209	You just heard from Rosalie Chapman, our structure, and my boss.	你刚从罗莎莉查普曼那里听说了我们的结构还有我的老板
210	I was very nervous to debate again Rosalie tonight.	我非常紧张地再次辩论罗莎莉今晚。
211	If you don't know, she recently went viral on Twitter and YouTube	如果你不知道她最近在推特和YouTube上传播病毒
212	for a debate in Micamus, 100,000 of views and comments.	在米卡穆斯举行辩论, 10万个观点和评论。
213	Interestingly, most of the 1,300 commenters, primarily men,	有趣的是,在1300名评论家中,大部分,主要是男性,
214	agreed with her arguments but couldn't recall a word she said.	她同意她的论点,但是她一个字都记不起来。
215	Perhaps they were too busy appreciating her charisma.	也许他们太忙于欣赏她的魅力了
216	Joking aside, Rosalie, you are a wonderful and capable person,	开玩笑的,罗莎莉,你是一个优秀和有能力的人,
217	and I cannot be more grateful to be working alongside you.	我非常感激能与你并肩工作
218	Our next speaker is someone who has been everywhere,	我们的下一个演讲者是一直在各地的人,
219	the military, the diplomatic corps, the protest line, and occasionally in handcuffs.	军队外交使团抗议线偶尔还戴着手铐
220	Colonel Anne Wright served nearly three decades in the US Army in the State Department	Anne Wright上校在国务院美国陆军服役近三十年
221	before resigning of the Iraq War,	在辞去伊拉克战争前
222	which proves she's braver than most generals and more honest than most politicians.	这证明了她比大多数将军更勇敢比大多数政客更诚实
223	Colonel, it is an honor to have you with us tonight,	上校,今晚很荣幸你能和我们在一起
224	and I look forward to see what you have to say.	我期待着看到你有什么要说的。
225	We also have Kathleen Gallagher, a senior attorney at the Center for Constitutional Rights,	宪法权利中心的资深律师凯瑟琳·加拉格
226	which basically means that she wakes up every day and chooses accountability.	这基本上意味着她每天醒来选择负责。
227	If you have committed a human rights violation in the last two decades somewhere,	如果你在过去二十年中犯下了侵犯人权行为
228	it's highly likely that she got a case against you already.	很有可能她已经对你提出诉讼了
229	Thank you for being here tonight, Kathleen.	谢谢你今晚能来凯瑟琳
230	Madam President, your guests, and they're most welcome.	总统女士,您的客人,欢迎光临
231	Now, to discuss the motion further,	现在,为了进一步讨论这个动议,
232	this is, in fact, a very complex issue with different dimensions,	事实上,这是一个非常复杂的问题,涉及不同层面,
233	moral, legal, and economic.	道德、法律和经济。
234	Morally, we all stand united.	道义上,我们都团结一致。
235	No one supports world crime.	没有人支持世界犯罪。
236	But morality and legality are different things.	但道德与合法性是不同的事物.
237	International criminal law already struggled to hold general and politicians accountable.	国际刑法已经努力追究将军和政治家的责任。
238	Going after private companies with no role in military strategy or battlefield decisions	追捕在军事战略或战场决定中没有作用的私营公司
239	would prove to be extremely difficult.	将证明是极其困难的。
240	The proposition wants to hold the armed industry responsible for world crime,	提议要求武装工业对世界犯罪负责
241	but what does that actually mean?	这到底是什么意思?
242	If it means legal responsibility, criminal or civil liability,	如果这意味着法律责任、刑事或民事责任,
243	then it needs to be grounded in law, not just public anger.	那么它需要以法律为基础而不仅仅是公众的愤怒
244	If it means moral blame, then it's an empty gesture that changes nothing on the battlefield.	如果意味着道德的指责,那就是一种空洞的姿态,不会改变战场上的一切.
245	Make no mistake, this debate is about criminal or legal liability,	不要误会,这场辩论是关于刑事或法律责任,
246	and legal liability must follow clear principles, control, intent, and causation.	法律责任必须遵循明确的原则、控制、意图和因果关系。
247	World crimes are acts.	世界犯罪就是行为。
248	They're decisions to bomb a hospital, to use chemical weapons to target civilians.	他们决定轰炸医院使用化学武器攻击平民
249	Arms manufacturers do not make those decisions.	武器制造商不会做出这些决定。
250	Arms companies do not control military operations, decisions, or tactics.	军火公司不控制军事行动、决定或战术。
251	In fact, arms firms usually sell their products to states under strict regulation	事实上,军火公司通常在严格管制下向各州出售其产品。
252	with full government approval with no intent to support atrocities.	政府完全批准,无意支持暴行。
253	They do not get to decide what the states do with those weapons after delivery.	他们不能决定各州在交付后如何处理这些武器。
254	And finally, there's no causation.	最后,没有因果关系。
255	The absence of their supply would not end conflict.	缺乏供应不会结束冲突。
256	Others would immediately feel the void.	其他人会立即感受到虚空。
257	If the US or the UK stopped supplying weapons to Saudi Arabia or Israel,	如果美国或联合王国停止向沙特阿拉伯或以色列供应武器,
258	they would just get weapons from somewhere else.	他们会从别的地方得到武器
259	There's no control, intent, or cause.	没有控制、意图或原因
260	So more importantly, let's not forget why the defense industry exists.	更重要的是,我们不要忘记为什么国防工业存在.
261	They were born not out of profit seeking,	他们不是出于追求利润而出生的
262	but out of necessity to defend the nation during its darkest hour.	但出于在最黑暗的时刻保卫国家的必要
263	Like Rolls-Royce, for example.	比如说劳斯莱斯
264	In World War II, they were not a luxury car maker.	在二战中,他们不是一个奢侈的汽车制造商.
265	They were the builder of Merlin Engine,	他们是梅林发动机的制造者
266	the powerhouse behind the Spitfire and Hurricane	喷火和飓风背后的电厂
267	that saved this very old country in the Battle of Britain.	在不列颠之战中拯救了这个国家
268	Their mission was clear, defend the homeland from invasion.	他们的任务很明确,保卫祖国不受入侵.
269	Companies like Rolls-Royce, BAE, and others	劳斯莱斯、BAE等公司
270	developed because democratic government	由于民主政府的发展
271	need industrial capacity to defend sovereignty.	需要工业能力来捍卫主权。
272	To suggest these companies today should bear criminal responsibility	今天建议这些公司承担刑事责任
273	decades later for misuse of their products isn't just unfair.	几十年后,他们的产品被滥用不仅仅是不公平的。
274	It undermines their foundational purpose.	这破坏了他们的基本宗旨。
275	Defense firms serve the state.	国防公司为国家服务。
276	They don't command the battle.	他们不指挥战斗。
277	Yes, there are companies that knowingly sell arms	是的,有些公司故意出售军火
278	to questionable regime, poorly for profit,	对可疑的政权, 低劣的利润,
279	companies whose ethics have long disappeared.	道德早已消失的公司。
280	But I'm not here to defend them.	但我不是来替他们辩护的
281	I'm here to argue that this motion targets the wrong actors.	我在这里提出这个动议针对的是错误的演员.
282	Government's approved weapon export defies the condition of use	政府核准的武器出口不符合使用条件
283	and possess intelligence on whether these arms might be used unlawfully.	• 掌握关于这些武器是否可以非法使用的情报。
284	If we want real accountability, we need better policy, not prosecution.	如果我们想要真正的问责制,我们需要更好的政策,而不是起诉。
285	This means stricter export controls,	这意味着更严格的出口管制,
286	greater transparency in licensing, and genuine enforcement of treaties	提高许可证发放的透明度以及条约的真正执行
287	like the Arms Trade Treaty.	就像《武器贸易条约》
288	I'm not shifting blame, but I'm putting them where they should be.	我不会转过身来责怪他们但我要把他们放在他们该去的地方
289	Madam President, esteemed guests, and members of the House,	总统女士,贵宾们,以及众议员们,
290	this motion is a slippery slope.	这个运动是滑坡
291	To hold the inventors and manufacturers criminally responsible	追究发明人和制造商的刑事责任
292	would be like blaming Toyota because someone used their car in a hit-and-run.	因为有人在肇事逃逸时用车
293	Even worse, this logic opens doors to an absurd chain of blame.	更糟糕的是,这种逻辑为荒谬的连锁责任打开了大门。
294	Do we also prosecute fuel suppliers or software engineers?	我们也起诉燃料供应商或软件工程师吗?
295	Just last year, the warden gave the movie Oppenheimer and Oskar.	就在去年,典狱长给了电影奥本海默和奥斯卡.
296	The movie was about a weapon of mass destruction,	电影是关于大规模杀伤性武器的
297	responsible for thousands of lives lost and millions of lives destroyed.	造成数千人丧生,数百万人丧生。
298	Yet, we all celebrate it because we know it was not Oppenheimer's foe	因为我们知道这不是奥本海默的敌人
299	for how the bomb would use.	对于如何使用炸弹。
300	It was Truman.	这是杜鲁门。
301	We also celebrate Alfred Nobel, who invented many explosives	我们还庆祝阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔发明了许多炸药
302	that changed war forever.	那永远改变了战争
303	We celebrate him today as a chemist and an inventor, not as a war criminal.	我们今天庆祝他成为化学家和发明家,而不是战争罪犯.
304	This motion fundamentally misunderstands what it means to be responsible	这一动议从根本上误解了责任的意义
305	and is misdirect blame from where it belongs on those who actually commit the crime.	并被错误地归罪于那些真正犯罪的人
306	International law is built on the idea of state sovereignty	国际法建立在国家主权的理念之上
307	and command responsibility.	和指挥责任。
308	State decides when to go to war.	国家决定何时开战.
309	State orders a strike.	国家下令罢工.
310	State commits the crimes.	国家犯罪。
311	This is why state and individuals should be held accountable,	这就是为什么应该追究国家和个人的责任,
312	not private firms acting under licenses and government oversight.	而不是根据许可证和政府监督行事的私营公司。
313	So, let me be clear.	所以,让我说清楚。
314	We agree arms trade must be regulated.	我们同意必须管制武器贸易。
315	We agree war crime must be punished.	我们同意战争罪必须受到惩罚。
316	But we do not agree that we should replace justice with symbolism.	但我们不同意以象征主义取代正义。
317	We do not agree that firms who follow the law should be punished	我们不同意对遵循法律的公司进行惩罚
318	for the crimes of those who don't.	为不犯者之罪.
319	And we do not agree that responsibility can be aside just because it feels satisfying.	我们不同意责任可以仅仅因为感到满意而被置之不理。
320	This motion gives us the illusion of accountability, but not the reality.	这一动议使我们产生了问责制的幻觉,但不是现实。
321	Member of the House, when you walk out that door tonight,	众议院议员,当你今晚走出那扇门时,
322	I urge you to seriously consider,	我敦促你们认真考虑,
323	would you hold the Oppenheimer and Nobles of the world accountable	你会让世界的奥本海默和贵族负责吗?
324	for the crimes they did not commit?	因为他们没有犯罪?
325	Or would you rather hold the kings, queens, presidents, and generals	或者你宁愿拥立国王皇后总统将军
326	accountable for the crimes they did commit?	对他们犯下的罪行负责?
327	With that, I rest my case.	那样的话,我就不再说了
328	Thank you.	谢谢
329	I thank the Director of Sponsorship for their fine speech.	我感谢赞助主任的精彩发言。
330	I now look to the second speaker in proposition of the motion,	现在请第二位提出动议的发言者发言,
331	Coroner Anne Wright.	验尸官安妮·赖特.
332	Well, thank you very much.	非常感谢
333	It's a real honor to be here in the Oxford Union debates.	参加牛津大学联盟的辩论,真是荣幸.
334	I'm so proud of all of you all, of every Thursday night coming to hear	我为你们所有人感到骄傲每个星期四晚上都来听
335	about issues of great importance to us all.	关于对我们大家非常重要的问题。
336	And this one tonight is really important.	今晚这个很重要
337	I mean, who should be responsible for the war crimes that we have?	我的意思是,谁应该对我们所拥有的战争罪行负责?
338	War crimes committed with use of weapons that the makers of the weapons	使用武器制造者的武器犯下的战争罪
339	know are going to be used in terrible ways.	就会被用在可怕的地方
340	I was in the U.S. Army 29 years.	我在美军服役29年.
341	I served in commands in both Europe and in Latin America.	我在欧洲和拉丁美洲都做过指挥
342	And then I was in the State Department for 16 years	然后我在国务院待了16年
343	and served in U.S. embassies in Nicaragua, Grenada, Somalia,	在美国驻尼加拉瓜、格林纳达、索马里的大使馆任职,
344	Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Sierra Leone, Micronesia.	乌兹别克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塞拉利昂、密克罗尼西亚。
345	I helped reopen the U.S. Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan in December of 2001.	2001年12月,我帮助美国驻阿富汗喀布尔大使馆重新开放。
346	And then I was in Mongolia.	后来在蒙古.
347	And it was in Mongolia 22 years ago that I ended up resigning	22年前,我在蒙古辞职
348	from the U.S. government over a war, a war that was brought to us	来自美国政府的一场战争这场战争带给我们
349	and probably that I resigned before most of you all were born, probably.	可能是在你们大多数出生之前我辞职了
350	But it was a war that was based on lies.	但这是一场基于谎言的战争。
351	The George Bush administration said to the world,	乔治·布什政府告诉世界,
352	there are weapons of mass destruction that are in Iraq,	在伊拉克有大规模毁灭性武器,
353	and the world needs to take care of it.	世界需要照顾它。
354	And Tony Blair went right along with it.	托尼布莱尔也同意了
355	So the U.K. was just as part of it.	所以英国只是它的一部分。
356	Tonight, as we talk about the House would hold the arms industry	今晚,当我们谈论众议院时, 军火工业就会被控制
357	responsible for war crimes,	应对战争罪负责,
358	I will focus on why U.S. weapons manufacturers should be held accountable	我将重点谈谈美国武器制造商为何要承担责任
359	for the civilian deaths and war crimes committed with their weapons.	平民死亡和用武器犯下的战争罪行。
360	I'm going to talk first about a legal basis for accountability.	我先谈问责的法律依据.
361	Let's begin with international law.	从国际法开始吧
362	Under Article 25 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court,	根据《国际刑事法院罗马规约》第二十五条,
363	individuals including corporate executives can be held criminally liable	包括公司经理在内的个人可追究刑事责任
364	if they aid and abet war crimes by providing the means	如果它们通过提供手段协助和教唆战争罪
365	and knowing these means would be used to commit the crimes.	并且知道这些手段将被用于犯罪。
366	And the principle is not a new one.	这一原则并不是新的原则。
367	It wasn't born yesterday.	昨日未生. 师曰.
368	It was established after World War II at the Nuremberg Trials,	它成立于二战后的纽伦堡审判,
369	IG Farben和Crump的主管受到起诉
370	for enabling Nazi war crimes.	让纳粹犯下战争罪行
371	Corporate complicity is not a theoretical idea.	公司共谋不是一个理论概念。
372	It's a legal precedent.	这是法律先例
373	And how about the treaties that we have that were tried to be implemented	以及那些试图执行的条约如何?
374	to try to prevent war crimes committed by military folks	努力防止军人犯下战争罪行
375	as well as those that give the weapons to them?	还有那些给他们武器的人?
376	There are treaties that establish minimum standards for arms transfers,	有一些条约规定了武器转让的最低标准,
377	standards designed to prevent complicity in war crimes.	旨在防止共谋战争罪的标准。
378	The Arms Trade Treaty adopted by the U.N. General Assembly in 2013	联合国大会于2013年通过的武器贸易条约
379	requires states to assess whether a proposed arms transfer	要求各国评估拟议的武器转让
380	could facilitate serious violations of international human rights law,	可能助长严重违反国际人权法,
381	including war crimes.	包括战争罪。
382	My country, the United States, signed it in 2013,	我国美国2013年签署.
383	but our Senate never ratified it.	但我们的参议院从未批准过
384	And in 2019, the first Trump administration	而在2019年,第一个特朗普政府
385	withdrew the U.S. signature entirely from the treaty.	美国的签字完全退出条约。
386	The Biden administration did not reverse that decision,	拜登政府没有推翻这一决定,
387	claiming the ratification would infringe on American sovereignty,	声称批准将侵犯美国主权,
388	what it really means that it would infringe on America's ability	这到底意味着什么它会侵犯美国的能力
389	to wage war without accountability.	没有责任就发动战争
390	Another policy once meant to uphold civilian protection	另一项政策曾旨在维护平民保护
391	was the 1977 Conventional Arms Transfer Policy	1977年常规武器转让政策
392	that was initiated during the Carter administration.	这是卡特政府时期开始的
393	It stated that the legitimacy of and public support for arms transfers	它指出,武器转让的合法性和公众支持
394	depends on the protection of civilians from harm	取决于保护平民不受伤害
395	and that the United States should distinguish itself	以及美国应有所区别
396	from other arms dealers by elevating civilian protection.	通过提高平民保护,防止其他军火交易商。
397	Yet, under the Biden administration, this commitment has collapsed.	然而,在拜登政府的领导下,这一承诺已经失败。
398	The U.S. continues to send overwhelming military support	美国继续提供压倒性的军事支持
399	to Israel's genocide in Gaza and ethnic cleansing in the West Bank,	以色列在加沙的种族灭绝和西岸的种族清洗,
400	violating the very principles that policy was built on.	违反政策所依据的原则。
401	And now, even the Office of Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response,	而现在,即使是平民伤害减轻和反应办公室,
402	the one Pentagon body tasked with reviewing civilian casualty risk,	负责审查平民伤亡风险的五角大楼机构,
403	has been targeted for elimination under the Trump administration.	被特朗普政府定为消灭目标
404	So, what does this have to do with all the arms industries?	这和军火工业有什么关系?
405	To put it into perspective, in 2023,	2023年,为了从角度出发
406	the global military spending topped $2.4 trillion.	全球军费开支高达2.4万亿美元。
407	The top five weapons companies, Lockheed Martin, Raytheon, now RTX, Boeing,	洛克希德・马丁,雷席恩,现在的RTX,波音,
408	Northrop Grumman, and General Dynamics are all American companies.	诺斯罗普·格鲁曼(Northrop Grumman)和通用动力公司都是美国公司.
409	It's not about defense.	与防御无关.
410	It's about profit.	是为利益.
411	Over the past three years, we've had a civilian merchants of death	过去三年来,我们有一个平民商人死亡
412	war crimes tribunal, citizens coming together to say,	战争罪行法庭,公民聚集在一起说,
413	we're tired of all of these weapons manufacturers getting away with murder.	我们厌倦了所有这些武器制造商逃脱谋杀。
414	It's a grassroots initiative led by lawyers, scholars, and citizen investigators,	这是由律师、学者和公民调查员领导的基层倡议,
415	and they've compiled an extensive amount of evidence against Boeing,	他们收集了大量针对波音的证据
416	洛克希德·马丁(Lockheed Martin),RTX,以及通用原子.
417	They produced 40 hours of video testimony showing these companies' executives	他们制作了40小时的录像证词显示这些公司的高管
418	knew full well that their weapons, including white phosphorus, depleted uranium,	完全知道他们的武器,包括白磷、贫铀,
419	and cluster munitions, would cause widespread civilian suffering	和集束弹药,将造成广泛的平民痛苦
420	and may constitute war crimes.	并且可能构成战争罪。
421	In January of this year, 10 international experts acting as jurors	今年1月 10位国际专家担任陪审员
422	for this war crimes tribunal for merchants of death,	对于这个战争罪法庭为死亡商人,
423	as jurors found these companies guilty of willfully participating in war crimes,	陪审团认定这些公司犯有故意参与战争罪,
424	crimes against humanity, and genocide.	危害人类罪和灭绝种族罪。
425	And I would suggest you all look that up.	我建议你们都看看
426	It's an excellent website called Merchants of Death War Crimes Tribunal.	这是一个绝佳的网站,名为"致命战争罪的商人法庭".
427	It has a huge amount of information in it about what these companies have been doing.	里面有大量关于这些公司所做所为的信息。
428	Currently, in Gaza, Ukraine, Lebanon, civilians are dying from weapons made by these companies	目前,在加沙、乌克兰、黎巴嫩,平民正在死于这些公司制造的武器。
429	with supply systems that are knowingly used in indiscriminate or disproportionate attacks.	* 供应系统被蓄意用于滥杀滥伤或不相称的攻击。
430	The United Nations Special Rapporteur on Human Rights	联合国人权问题特别报告员
431	and the Occupied Palestinian Territories, Francesca Albanese,	被占领巴勒斯坦领土、包括被占领巴勒斯坦领土、
432	reported in March of 2024,	2024年3月报告,
433	there are reasonable grounds to believe that the threshold	有合理的理由相信门槛
434	indicating the commission of a genocide has been met in Gaza.	在加沙发生了种族灭绝。
435	These are not fringe opinions.	这些不是边缘意见。
436	They're legal assessment by international bodies.	它们是国际机构的法律评估.
437	Let's talk about political corruption and the revolving door.	谈政治腐败与循环门.
438	Weapons sales are not just an international issue.	武器销售不仅仅是一个国际问题。
439	They're a domestic economic issue and strategy in the United States.	他们是美国国内的经济问题和战略.
440	Weapons are manufactured in nearly every US state to ensure congressional support.	美国几乎每个州都有武器制造,以确保国会的支持.
441	And the industry's influence runs deep.	而该行业的影响力也十分深远.
442	It is fueled by campaign donations	运动捐款为它提供了燃料
443	and a revolving door between government and industry.	以及政府和工业之间的旋转门
444	A 2021 US Government Accountability Office reported,	2021年美国政府问责制办事处报告说,
445	found that 1,700 former government officials took positions in the weapons industry	发现1 700名前政府官员在武器工业中任职
446	over just five years.	仅仅五年。
447	The Quincy Institute found that 80% of the retired four-star generals and admirals	昆西研究所发现,80%的退休四星将军和上将
448	now work for weapons manufacturers.	现在为武器制造商工作。
449	Admiral John Richardson joined Boeing's board	约翰·理查森上将加入波音的董事会
450	within two months of retiring as the Chief of Naval Operations.	在退休后两个月内担任海军作战主任。
451	And General Joe Dunford joined Lockheed Martin's board five months	乔·邓福德将军加入了洛克希德·马丁的董事会五个月
452	after stepping down as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs,	在辞去联合酋长主席后
453	the top military position in the United States.	美国最高军事地位。
454	And then if you look back in history, well, before you all were born.	如果你回顾历史,那么,在你们出生之前。
455	But of course, the Vice President of the United States, Dick Cheney,	当然美国副总统迪克·切尼
456	who was first Secretary of Defense during the Bush administration, Bush won,	在布什政府执政期间担任第一任国防部长的布什获胜,
457	then was the CEO of Halliburton, and then became Vice President of the United States,	后来担任哈利伯顿的首席执行官,后来成为美国副总统,
458	made billions of dollars for his company from the wars that he helped launch.	在他帮助发动的战争中为他的公司赚了数十亿美元
459	We mentioned Vietnam.	我们提到越南。
460	Agent Orange, produced by Dow Chemical and Masanto,	杜化工公司和马桑托公司生产的橙剂
461	caused horrific birth defects that still persists for generations.	造成可怕的出生缺陷,这些缺陷仍持续了几代人。
462	US veterans and Vietnamese civilians still suffer alike.	美国老兵和越南平民仍在遭受同样的痛苦。
463	These companies lobbied to continue use even after knowing the human cost,	这些公司进行游说继续使用即使知道人的代价,
464	and that is complicity, and that's a war crime.	这是共谋,这是战争罪。
465	Let me close with something that just happened.	让我说一下刚刚发生的事
466	I've come straight from Malta, a country bombed relentlessly in World War II.	我直接从马耳他来一个在二战中被无情轰炸的国家
467	Last week, on May 2nd,	上个星期,5月2日,
468	explosives were dropped from the air on an unarmed civilian ship called the Conscience,	炸弹从空中投在一艘无武装的民用飞船上叫做良知号
469	just outside Malta's territorial waters.	就在马耳他领海外
470	The ship was part of the Gaza Flotilla,	该船是加沙船队的一部分,
471	a peaceful initiative to break the illegal Israeli blockade of Gaza.	和平倡议打破以色列对加沙的非法封锁。
472	I have participated in these missions since 2010,	我自2010年以来参加了这些访问,
473	when Israeli forces killed 10 civilians aboard another vessel called the Maveri Marmara.	以色列军队在另一艘船上杀害了10名平民,该船名为马韦里·马尔马拉号。
474	Eyewitnesses of the Conscience heard drones overhead moments before the explosion.	良知的目击证人听到无人机在爆炸前的瞬间俯冲。
475	A C-130 military aircraft capable of deploying drones had been tracked arriving from Israel,	一架能够部署无人驾驶飞机的C-130军用飞机被跟踪,从以色列抵达,
476	yet no country, including Malta, has called for an investigation.	然而,包括马耳他在内的任何国家都没有要求进行调查。
477	Attacking a civilian ship in international waters is a war crime under the Geneva Conventions.	根据《日内瓦公约》,在国际水域攻击民用船只是战争罪。
478	We, of course, will demand a forensic examination.	当然,我们将要求法医检查。
479	We will demand to know who dropped the bombs,	我们将要求知道是谁扔的炸弹,
480	and we will demand that manufacturers of these munitions be held accountable under international law.	我们将要求根据国际法追究这些弹药制造商的责任。
481	As a conclusion, accountability is not optional.	作为结论,问责制不是可选的。
482	Weapons manufacturers are not neutral players.	武器制造商不是中立者。
483	They profit from war, they influence policy, and they knowingly supply tools of mass death.	他们从战争中获利,影响政策,他们故意提供大规模死亡的工具.
484	If we do not hold them accountable, we normalize impunity.	如果我们不追究他们的责任,我们就使有罪不罚现象正常化。
485	So we urge you all to vote yes,	所以,我们促请你们都赞成,
486	that the people and the companies who fuel atrocities should be held to the same standard as those who commit them.	应使助长暴行的人民和公司与犯下暴行者处于同样的标准。
487	Thank you very much.	谢谢
488	I thank Colonel Wright for her fine speech.	我感谢莱特上校的精彩演讲。
489	I will now look to Dr. Sean McFaith to continue the case for the opposition of the mission.	我现在希望肖恩·麦克费斯博士继续为特派团的反对辩护。
490	Thank you, Madam President.	谢谢你,主席女士。
491	And it's wonderful to be back at Oxford,	很高兴回到牛津大学
492	where I was a senior fellow at Pembroke studying questions just like tonight's.	我是彭布罗克的高级研究员研究问题就像今晚一样
493	Before I begin, I have to give a caveat.	在我开始之前我得提醒你一下
494	I work with the U.S. government, but tonight I speak alone.	我和美国政府一起工作但今晚我单独说话
495	I do not represent U.S. government policy or position.	我不代表美国政府的政策或立场。
496	Now, I've been studying warfare for a long time, and long before I was a scholar of war, I was a practitioner.	现在,我学习战争已经很久了,在战争学者之前,我早已是一名实践者.
497	I was a U.S. Army officer and a paratrooper in the famed 82nd Airborne Division, and then I hopped the fence.	我在著名的第82空降师当过美军军官和伞兵,然后就跳下围栏.
498	I became a global private military contractor, a.k.a.	我成了全球的私人军事承包商
499	a mercenary.	一个雇佣兵。
500	Now, those who tell you that there's a difference between a private military contractor and a mercenary are delusional.	现在,那些告诉你,私人军事承包商和雇佣兵之间有区别的人是妄想的.
501	If you have the skill set to be one, you can easily be the other.	如果你有技能集成为一个, 你很容易成为另一个。
502	The distinction is just euphemism, and we all know a mercenary is an armed civilian paid to fight in foreign wars chiefly for profit.	这种区别只是委婉的,我们都知道,雇佣兵是一个武装的平民,在主要为了利润的外国战争中作战。
503	We will come back to that point.	我们将回到这一点。
504	Now, in my long sojourn of armed politics, I discovered something that every victim in a war zone already knows,	现在,在我长期逗留武装政治, 我发现的东西在一个战区每一个受害者已经知道,
505	and that's that international public law, the laws of armed conflict, are a noble fiction.	这就是国际公法,武装冲突法, 是一个崇高的虚构。
506	If you went to Ukraine today and asked Ukrainians, do they feel the laws of armed conflict are protecting them,	如果你今天去乌克兰问乌克兰人,他们是否觉得武装冲突的法律保护他们,
507	as Putin pancakes cities and deliberately massacres civilians, what do you think that they would say?	作为普京的煎饼城市和蓄意屠杀平民,你认为他们会说什么?
508	Of course not.	当然不是。
509	They'd spit at you.	他们会朝你吐口水
510	They'd laugh.	他们会笑的
511	'打line.
512	And it's not just them.	不仅仅是他们
513	Ask Israelis after the Hamas attack of October 7, where are the laws of armed conflict?	在10月7日哈马斯袭击后问以色列人,武装冲突法在哪里?
514	And then ask the Gazans who have had to suffer the Israeli response.	然后问那些不得不忍受以色列反应的加沙人。
515	You can ask anybody in Syria, anybody in the Sahel or the Great Lakes region.	你可以问叙利亚的任何人,萨赫勒或大湖区的任何人。
516	The answer is always the same.	答案总是一样的。
517	The promise is made, but it's never enforced.	承诺已经达成,但从未执行.
518	And this is the problem, and it's not a new one, is there's no law enforcement.	而这就是问题所在,也不是新问题,因为没有执法部门.
519	There's no international judiciary of worth.	没有国际司法的价值。
520	There's no international police force or international prisons.	没有国际警察部队或国际监狱.
521	The reason is because international humanitarian law, in fact international public law,	原因是国际人道主义法,事实上是国际公法,
522	all it is is 60% diplomatic norms and 40% non-binding treaties between states.	只有60%的外交规范和40%的国家间无约束力条约。
523	There is no law enforcement.	没有执法部门。
524	It's like having a highway with, you know, posted speed limits but no police.	这就像有高速公路,你知道, 张贴速度限制,但没有警察。
525	Who would not speed or, speaking to the Oxford crowd, break out your Plato's Republic?	谁不速战速决或在牛津的人群中突破你的柏拉图共和国?
526	Do you remember Glauq Khan and the Ring of Jijies?	你还记得格劳克汗和吉吉斯戒吗?
527	It's a ring of invisibility.	隐隐之环.
528	If it enables the wearer to become invisible and commit any crime they wish and not be held accountable,	如果这让穿戴者变得隐形并犯下他们想要的罪而不承担责任
529	who would not be tempted?	谁不会被诱惑呢?
530	I mean, you wouldn't be tempted, but who else would not be tempted, right?	我的意思是,你不会被诱惑, 但还有谁不会被诱惑,对不对?
531	Now, this is the problem.	这就是问题所在
532	This is why international public law is often ridiculed as soft law.	这就是为什么国际公法常常被嘲笑为软法律。
533	It's enforced by courtesy and not compelants like normal law.	它通过礼节执行,而不是像普通法律那样的强制力.
534	It's been called the vanishing point of law.	这被称为法律的消失点。
535	Not my words, but famed Oxford professor and jurisprudent Sir Thomas Holland,	不是我说的,而是著名的牛津教授和法学家托马斯·霍兰爵士
536	got that, in 1900, 125 years ago.	在1900年,125年前就知道了
537	Now, this is why the laws of armed conflict are not followed,	这就是为什么没有遵守武装冲突法,
538	is because there's no compelling reason to do so.	是因为没有令人信服的理由这样做。
539	But let's just move forward here.	但让我们继续前进吧
540	So I dispute the premise of the argument that this is real law.	因此,我不同意关于这是真正的法律的论点。
541	It's not.	这不是。
542	It's a fiction.	这是虚构的。
543	But let's go with Planet Hague here for a moment.	但是,让我们和海牙星球在这里呆一会儿。
544	Let's just assume that the Hague can dictate to London, Washington, Moscow, Beijing	假设海牙可以指使伦敦、华盛顿、莫斯科、北京
545	what weapons they can procure from their own domestic arms industries.	它们可从本国军火工业采购哪些武器。
546	Who here has faith that might actually work?	这里谁有信念可能真正起作用?
547	Is this not the definition of insanity?	这不是精神错乱的定义吗?
548	Doing the same thing again and again, yet expecting a different result?	一次又一次地做同样的事情, 却期待着不同的结果?
549	Don't vote for insanity.	别投精神病的票
550	But let's just indulge Planet Hollywood a little bit more.	但是,让我们只是让星球好莱坞多一点。
551	Under the John Wick principle of international relations,	根据国际关系的约翰·威克原则,
552	everything can be weaponized, right?	一切都可以武器化对吧?
553	Just say a terrorist rents a Land Rover at Hertz	说一个恐怖分子在赫兹租了一辆车
554	{\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}通过牛津大学的一群学生 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}在Broad Street上
555	and into a Harry Potter shop.	进入哈利波特店
556	Killing 20 Oxford students and Wiffendorf, whatever, scars everywhere.	杀死20名牛津学生和威芬多夫到处都是伤疤
557	It's a complete mess.	一团糟
558	What happens next?	接下来会发生什么?
559	Are we really going to frog march the CEO of Land Rover into the Hague to stand trial	我们真的要去青蛙游行陆路虎CEO 进入海牙接受审判
560	and 20 years to life in jail because the driver committed a crime	因为司机犯了罪被判20年徒刑
561	that he's held accountable for as well?	他也要为此负责吗?
562	That would be patently absurd, not to mention horrifically unjust.	这显然是荒谬的,更不用说可怕的不公正了。
563	Now, but let's explore the slippery slope.	现在,但让我们探索滑坡。
564	Okay, Hertz, the CEO of Hertz, you rented that car.	好吧赫兹赫兹的首席执行官你租了那辆车
565	You didn't know what he was going to do with it.	你不知道他会怎么做
566	You know he's going to kill people, but you're going into the clink as well.	你知道他要杀人但你也要进监狱
567	And oh, yeah, the CEO of Shell, he topped off the tank on the way to Oxford.	哦,是的,壳牌公司的首席执行官他在去牛津的路上跳下坦克
568	You're going to go to jail too, and why not?	你也要去坐牢,为什么不呢?
569	Who was the last mechanic who changed the oil in that Land Rover?	谁是最后的机械师谁改变了那辆路虎的油?
570	Send him two.	给他两个。
571	I mean, we're going to have so many inmates at the Hague,	我的意思是,我们将有这么多的囚犯在海牙,
572	we're going to have to deport them to Salvador.	我们要把他们驱逐到萨尔瓦多
573	No hissing, please.	请不要发抖
574	Now, simple solutions to complex problems are doomed to fail,	现在,解决复杂问题的简单办法注定要失败,
575	which is why you should not vote for this proposition.	这就是为什么你不应该投票支持这个提议。
576	It's a noble and real problem, but this is not the solution.	这是一个崇高和真正的问题,但这不是解决办法。
577	And here's a bigger problem.	还有一个更大的问题。
578	I come from a world, well, when we think of the arms industry,	我来自一个世界当我们想到军火工业
579	we think of products, right?	我们想的产品,对不对?
580	We think of fighter planes and tanks and munitions, true,	我们想的是战斗机、坦克和弹药
581	but there's also services.	但也有服务
582	We have contractors who cook food, repair jets, drive trucks,	我们有承包商做饭,修理喷气机,驱动卡车,
583	and they are benign, except that started to change.	他们都是善良的,除非那开始改变。
584	And I agree with my honorable opposition here that in the post-911 wars,	我同意我在911年战争之后的反对
585	we saw a new type of service provider,	我们看到一种新型的服务提供者,
586	armed civilians fighting in foreign wars chiefly for profit.	武装平民在对外战争中作战,主要是为了盈利。
587	以黑水为名,Dyncor,
588	where I worked for briefly, they are terrible, and others.	在那里,我曾经短暂地工作, 他们是可怕的,和其他人。
589	And this has morphed into the Wagner Group, and it's morphing even more.	这已经演变成瓦格纳集团, 它的形态甚至更多。
590	Supply and demand amongst a global mercenary trade is diversifying	全球雇佣军贸易的供应和需求正在多样化
591	and becoming more lethal and are designed to skirt international public law	并且更加致命并且旨在避开国际公法
592	to the point now where in the future, well, as some quick examples,	到现在的地步, 未来,还有,一些简单的例子,
593	the president of Haiti was assassinated in his house by Colombian mercenaries.	海地总统在家中被哥伦比亚雇佣军暗杀。
594	We saw in Libya mercenaries fighting mercenaries like the medieval world.	我们在利比亚看到雇佣军与中世纪世界等雇佣军作战。
595	We saw in, well, pick any hot spot, Syria, the Middle East, Africa,	叙利亚、中东、非洲
596	any place you see there are mercenaries there, I know, I talk to them.	任何你看到有雇佣兵的地方, 我知道,我与他们交谈。
597	It's a growing industry.	业种增长.
598	Someday, ExxonMobil will have its own private army if it wishes.	总有一天,艾克森美孚会有自己的私人军队,如果它愿意的话.
599	Elon Musk will have his own privateer space force if he wishes.	如果伊隆·穆斯克愿意,他将拥有自己的私人太空部队.
600	And mercenaries will start to appear, and they will start and elongate wars for profit,	雇佣兵会开始出现他们为了利润而发动和延长战争
601	as we saw throughout the Middle Ages and the Thirty Years War.	正如我们在中世纪和三十年战争中看到的
602	In this world that we're going into, it's going to look more like the 12th century than the 20th.	在我们将要进入的这个世界上,它看起来会比20世纪更像12世纪.
603	The super-rich can have, they will be superpowers,	超级富翁可以拥有, 他们将是超级强国,
604	and they will not care about international law.	他们不会关心国际法。
605	They do not care about any of this.	他们根本不在乎这些
606	It'll change the distribution of power in international relations today.	这将改变当今国际关系中的权力分配.
607	So I ask you today, don't vote for more of the same old thing.	所以我今天问你,不要投更多相同的老东西。
608	If we had good anti-mercenary laws on the books, which we do not,	如果我们有很好的反雇佣军法律在书上,我们没有,
609	who's going to go into Ukraine and the Sahel to arrest them?	谁会去乌克兰和萨赫勒逮捕他们?
610	Not the UN, not anybody.	不是联合国,也不是任何人。
611	And now imagine those mercenaries can shoot your law enforcement dead.	现在想象一下那些雇佣兵可以射杀你的执法部门
612	They'll shoot them dead, which is why mercenaries are the second oldest profession in the world.	所以雇佣兵是世界上最古老的职业
613	They're hard to eradicate.	他们很难消灭
614	We need new solutions to this very old problem.	我们需要解决这个老问题的新办法。
615	I agree with the noble intentions of my opposition,	我同意反对派的崇高意图,
616	but more international public law is not the answer.	但更多的国际公法不是答案。
617	That's insanity.	这是疯了。
618	So please vote for new ways of thinking.	因此,请投票支持新的思维方式。
619	Vote against international law for something that can actually work.	投反对国际法的票,因为实际上能够奏效。
620	Thank you.	谢谢
621	To close the motion in proposition, I look to Catherine Gallagher.	为了结束动议我期待凯瑟琳·加拉格
622	Good evening.	边
623	It is an honor to be here tonight to speak in support of this important motion	我很荣幸今晚能在这里发言支持这个重要动议
624	to hold arms manufacturers and defense contractors accountable for the war crimes	要求武器制造商和国防承包商对战争罪负责
625	and other serious violations of law that they commit, aid in a bet, or otherwise knowingly,	犯下、协助或明知故犯的其他严重违法行为,
626	and that is key here, knowingly facilitate.	这才是关键,在知情的情况下
627	Conventional weapons and emerging technologies continue to be sold for use in military operations	常规武器和新兴技术继续出售用于军事行动
628	where it is known that they will be deployed in contravention of international humanitarian law.	* 已知将违反国际人道主义法部署这些部队。
629	For example, to enforce evacuation orders, meaning forcible transfer,	例如,为了执行疏散命令,即强迫转移,
630	a grave breach of the Geneva Conventions, and a crime against humanity,	严重违反日内瓦四公约,并构成危害人类罪,
631	or to effectuate a total siege that leads to the denial of access to basic necessities	或实施全面围困,导致无法获得基本必需品;
632	like food and medical supplies, causing mass starvation, a war crime,	如食物和医疗用品,造成大规模饥饿,战争罪,
633	or intentionally inflicted conditions of life to destroy a population as such,	或故意造成生活条件以毁灭某一人口,
634	an underlying act of genocide.	一种潜在的种族灭绝行为。
635	The companies that are profiting off of human suffering and death in Gaza, in Ukraine,	正在从加沙、乌克兰的人类痛苦和死亡中获利的公司,
636	in Sudan, among many places, must themselves pay a price for their role,	在苏丹,在许多地方,他们必须为自己的作用付出代价,
637	and again, their role in creating a world in which too many children go to sleep	同样,他们在创造一个太多儿童睡觉的世界方面的作用
638	to the sound of drones and bombs in terror, often displaced,	无人机和炸弹在恐怖中发出的声音,经常流离失所,
639	fearing that they will not live to see another day.	怕他们不能活着再见一日。
640	If these companies paid any price, then maybe they would reconsider their involvement	如果这些公司付出了任何代价, 那么也许他们会重新考虑他们的参与
641	in what is not just the business of war, but too often the business of war crimes and even genocide.	不仅涉及战争,而且往往涉及战争罪行,甚至种族灭绝。
642	In the short time I have, I will make three points, and I will make them as briefly as I can,	在短短的时间里,我将谈三点,我将尽可能简短地提出三点,
643	on the applicable legal framework, the moral and legal case for liability, and on enforcement.	关于可适用的法律框架、责任的道德和法律案例以及强制执行。
644	Yes, as was said, war is an inherently ugly business, but it is not an unregulated one.	是的,正如已经说过的,战争本来就是一种丑陋的事业,但它不是一个不受管制的事业。
645	And companies today are on notice that law reaches to arms manufacturers and their corporate officers,	今天,公司已经注意到, 法律涉及到武器制造商及其公司官员,
646	and should be enforced for the good of humanity.	应该为了人类的利益而执行
647	First, as has been shared, arms manufacturers and defense contractors can, as a matter of law,	第一,正如已经分享的那样,武器制造商和国防承包商可以依法行事,
648	be held accountable for the commission of or contribution to serious breaches of international law,	应对严重违反国际法的行为或促成此种行为负责,
649	to claim otherwise would undo 75 years of law that governs armed conflict to protect civilians,	以其他方式声称将废除75年关于武装冲突的法律,以保护平民,
650	including in the context of so-called counterterrorism operations.	包括所谓的反恐行动。
651	As we heard, the Nuremberg trials held German companies and industrialists	我们听说,纽伦堡审判审判德国公司和实业家
652	accountable for their role in the horrors of World War II and the killings in the Holocaust.	对他们在二战恐怖和大屠杀屠杀中的作用负有责任。
653	特别是产生B号气旋的IG Farben,
654	used to murder more than one million Jewish people during the Holocaust.	在大屠杀期间曾谋杀过100多万犹太人.
655	In drafting the Geneva Conventions and Genocide Convention that followed,	在起草日内瓦四公约和随后的《灭绝种族罪公约》时,
656	states made clear that treaty breaches constituted crimes of the highest order,	缔约国明确指出,违反条约构成最高秩序的罪行,
657	and that liability attached not just to states, but at the individual level.	责任不仅在于国家,而且在于个人。
658	The war crimes tribunals and courts of the 1990s for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia,	卢旺达和前南斯拉夫的1990年代战争罪行法庭和法院,
659	where I had the privilege to work and where individuals actually were held accountable in large numbers.	在那里,我有幸工作,在那里,个人实际上被追究责任的人数很多。
660	This ushered in the error of the International Criminal Court,	这导致了国际刑事法院的错误,
661	and all of these courts have confirmed that non-state actors can be held liable for war crimes.	并且所有这些法院都确认,可以追究非国家行为者的战争罪责任。
662	Alongside this emerging global criminal framework, we've seen a burgeoning corporate accountability movement.	除了这个新兴的全球犯罪框架之外,我们目睹了一个新兴的企业问责运动。
663	As we've heard, particularly after 9-11, we've seen an increase in the use of private military contractors.	正如我们所听到的,特别是在9-11之后,我们看到私人军事承包商的使用有所增加.
664	The war in Iraq and Afghanistan were the most outsourced in human history.	伊拉克和阿富汗的战争是人类历史上外包最多的战争。
665	In this wake, the United Nations and international and regional courts strengthened the legal framework	在此之后,联合国以及国际和区域法院加强了法律框架
666	and affirmed that corporations can face sanction and punishment for facilitating international law violations,	并申明公司可因助长违反国际法行为而受到制裁和惩罚,
667	aiding and abetting is the mode of liability most often attributed to corporations,	协助和教唆是最经常归于公司的责任方式,
668	and it is well established under both international and domestic law that when a company or its officers	并且国际法和国内法都明确规定,当公司或其官员出现时,
669	knowingly provide practical assistance that has a substantial effect on the commission of a violation, they are complicit.	他们明知故犯地提供对违法行为有重大影响的实际援助,是同谋。
670	This is why, for example, we saw private military contractors face liability after criminal or civil trials	例如,这就是为什么我们看到私营军事承包商在刑事或民事审判后面临责任。
671	or reach settlements in civil suits brought by victims like Blackwater,	或在黑水等受害人提起的民事诉讼中达成和解,
672	which in fact both face criminal and civil actions for their role in the Nisour Square massacre,	他们因在尼苏尔广场大屠杀中的角色而面临刑事和民事诉讼,
673	or those contractors that provided interrogators or interpreters implicated in the conspiracy to torture at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq.	或提供审讯人员或口译的承包商参与在伊拉克Abu Ghraib监狱共谋实施酷刑。
674	To be clear, these contractors operate outside the military chain of command.	清楚的是,这些承包商在军事指挥系统之外运作。
675	They are for-profit employees at will to a private company,	他们是营利性雇员随意对私营公司,
676	and that is where we usually see tort law or civilian criminal law apply, and it should be applied in those circumstances.	这就是我们通常认为侵权法或民事刑法适用的地方,应当适用于这些情况。
677	The 2011 UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights reaffirmed business obligations to, quote,	2011年《联合国工商业与人权指导原则》重申企业有义务:
678	respect human rights, an obligation that entails undertaking meaningful due diligence.	尊重人权是一项义务,必须切实尽责。
679	Companies must identify and assess potential adverse impacts for selling their product or providing their services to a given customer.	公司必须查明和评估出售产品或向特定客户提供服务的潜在不利影响。
680	They must examine the human rights and humanitarian law context	他们必须审查人权和人道主义法的背景
681	and determine the risks that are being violated prior to doing business,	并确定在做生意之前被侵犯的风险,
682	and then again at various points over the business relationship as facts on the ground develop.	然后随着实地事实的发展,在商业关系的各个不同方面再次出现。
683	This is not about the unforeseeable one-off bad act by a previously law-abiding end user	这与之前守法的最终用户的无法预见的一次性不良行为无关
684	or the misuse of a product that could have been anticipated like a car being driven into a crowd to instill terror.	或滥用某种产品,而这种产品本来可以被想象成是汽车被驱赶到人群中来制造恐怖。
685	No.	没有
686	Rather, when a business is on notice that a certain end user has a track record of committing war crimes in a given context,	相反,当企业注意到某一最终用户有在特定情况下犯下战争罪的记录时,
687	quite simply, it should not provide the product.	简而言之,它不应提供产品。
688	Second, arms manufacturers and defense contractors should be held to account	第二,应追究武器制造商和国防承包商的责任
689	when they commit or knowingly provide the means by which serious crimes are committed.	- 犯下或故意提供犯下严重罪行的手段。
690	There is no other supply chain where such basic due diligence is not demanded.	没有其他供应链不需要这种基本的尽职调查。
691	It is not acceptable for clothes manufacturers to profit from forced labor	服饰厂家从强制劳动中牟取利益是不可接受的
692	or drug companies to effectively perform medical experiments on vulnerable populations without their consent as part of R&D	或药物公司在未经弱势群体同意的情况下,作为研发的一部分,对弱势群体进行有效的医疗实验;
693	or doctors to provide opioids to those they know suffer from addiction.	或提供类阿片的医生他们知道的人成瘾。
694	Licenses are lost, civil or criminal penalties flow.	执照遗失、民事或刑事处罚。
695	Why is it that arms manufacturers are allowed to profit and granted effective immunity,	为什么允许武器制造商获利并给予有效的豁免,
696	if not impunity, when they knowingly facilitate the most serious of crimes against the very civilian populations	如果它们故意为针对平民的最严重的罪行提供便利,即使不是有罪不罚,
697	that the law was designed to protect?	法律是用来保护的?
698	Moral clarity demands otherwise.	道德的清晰性需要其他条件。
699	With regard to the suffering that we have all borne witness to in Gaza over the last 19 months, for example,	例如,关于我们过去19个月在加沙目睹的痛苦,
700	arms manufacturers have been on notice that Israel's military assault and counteroffensive	以色列的军事攻击和反击
701	is being conducted in a way that breaches both international humanitarian and human rights law.	正在以违反国际人道主义法和人权法的方式进行。
702	If the promises by senior Israeli officials immediately after the October 7 attacks	如果以色列高级官员在10月7日袭击之后立即作出的承诺
703	to deny 2.1 million Palestinians access to food, fuel, electricity and water	* 剥夺210万巴勒斯坦人获得粮食、燃料、电力和水的机会;
704	wasn't enough to put arms manufacturers on notice that the entire civilian population would be targeted,	不足以让军火制造商注意到整个平民都会成为目标
705	then the International Court of Justices, January 2024,	国际法院,2024年1月,
706	ruling that it was plausible that the right of Palestinians to be free from genocide was being violated by Israel,	裁定以色列侵犯巴勒斯坦人免遭种族灭绝的权利是合理的,
707	surely was.	当然
708	This finding of plausible genocide was echoed by a federal judge in California that same month.	同月,加利福尼亚州一名联邦法官也同意了这项关于灭绝种族行为的结论。
709	He implored the United States to stop its unflagging military support to Israel.	他恳求美国停止对以色列不屈不挠的军事支持.
710	Support that includes facilitating the direct military sales between US arms manufacturers and Israel.	支助包括促进美国军火制造商和以色列之间的直接军事销售。
711	The ICJ, in fact, issued two more sets of provisional measures in the South Africa v. Israel case in the first half of 2024,	事实上,国际法院在2024年上半年南非诉以色列案中又发布了两套临时措施,
712	as well as another ruling in a case brought by Nicaragua against Germany.	以及尼加拉瓜对德国提出的另一判决。
713	There, the ICJ took the opportunity to remind all states and, by extension, companies	在那里,国际法院借此机会提醒所有国家,并进而提醒公司:
714	of their obligations relating to the transfer of arms to a party in an armed conflict,	其向武装冲突一方转让武器的义务,
715	namely to avoid the risk that such weapons might, even might, be used in violation of the Geneva Conventions or the Genocide Convention.	即避免这种武器甚至可能被用于违反《日内瓦公约》或《灭绝种族罪公约》的风险。
716	In addition to myriad similar warnings by various offices and experts within the UN,	除了联合国各部门和专家发出的无数类似警告外,
717	companies were put on notice again that Israel, as an end user, was at risk, if not actually, violating international law.	公司再次被告知,以色列作为最终用户,如果不是实际上,就有可能违反国际法。
718	When the prosecutor of the ICC sought arrest warrants for Benjamin Netanyahu and then Minister of Defense Galant	当国际刑事法院检察官要求逮捕本雅明·内塔尼亚胡和当时的国防部长加兰特时
719	for war crimes and crimes against humanity arising out of their conduct in Gaza,	战争罪及其在加沙的行为引起的危害人类罪,
720	and indeed at the same moment, he also sought three arrest warrants for senior Hamas military leaders and political leaders	事实上,在同一时刻,他还要求对哈马斯高级军事领导人和政治领导人发出三张逮捕令。
721	for their role in war crimes and crimes against humanity committed on October 7.	他们于10月7日犯下战争罪和危害人类罪。
722	All three of those individuals have been killed, so none will face justice in a court of law.	这三个人均已被杀害,因此没有人将在法院中接受审判。
723	Those arrest warrants against Netanyahu and Galant were, in fact, issued in November 2024,	对内塔尼亚胡和加兰特的逮捕令实际上是在2024年11月发出的,
724	indicating that a reasonable basis exists to support the alleged crimes.	表明有合理依据支持所指控的罪行。
725	With this notice, have we seen weapons manufacturers, especially US weapons manufacturers,	我们是否看到武器制造商,特别是美国武器制造商
726	cease sending JDAM kits, which have been documented as repeatedly being used to kill Palestinian children	停止发送JDAM包,据记载,这些包一再被用来杀害巴勒斯坦儿童
727	and to target humanitarian centers, or 2,000-pound bombs,	目标为人道主义中心或2,000磅炸弹,
728	which have been used to eliminate apartment complexes, schools, and medical facilities,	用于消除公寓建筑群、学校和医疗设施,
729	or militarized bulldozers that have cleared entire neighborhoods in southern Gaza, or the mission-critical F-15s, to Israel?	或军事化的推土机,这些推土机已经清除了加沙南部的整个街区,或向以色列清除了至关重要的F-15型飞机?
730	No.	没有
731	But what we are hearing is that US weapons manufacturers,	但我们听到的是美国的武器制造商,
732	which enjoyed a record year last year with $320 billion in exports,	去年有创纪录的出口额3200亿美元
733	are feeling the pressure to meet rising demand and produce faster,	感受到压力满足不断增长的需求更快生产,
734	and not the pressure to examine their role in enforcing a siege that has led to a catastrophic humanitarian crisis	而不是迫使他们审查自己在导致灾难性人道主义危机的围困中的作用
735	and warnings of mass starvation that have killed an estimated 53,000 Palestinians,	以及大规模饥饿的警告,估计已造成53 000名巴勒斯坦人死亡,
736	the majority of whom are children and women,	其中大多数是儿童和妇女,
737	and the repeated internal displacement of 1.9 million Palestinians against a backdrop of threats of permanent displacement.	以及190万巴勒斯坦人在面临永久流离失所威胁的背景下一再在国内流离失所。
738	What we have seen is in moments of ceasefire, Israel takes the opportunity to resupply their stocks.	我们在停火时刻看到的是,以色列借此机会补充其储备。
739	So to the point about the stop of weapon flows from US manufacturers,	因此,关于停止美国制造商的武器流动,
740	it would have an impact.	会有影响
741	It could bring a ceasefire.	它可以带来停火。
742	Indeed, what we've seen is weapons manufacturers and defense contractors	确实,我们看到的是武器制造商和国防承包商
743	not so much do due diligence reviews as liability risk assessments.	尽责审查不像责任风险评估那样多。
744	This means that rather than assess whether restocking Israel's weapons supply	这意味着,而不是评估以色列的武器供应是否恢复。
745	will further the commission of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and even genocide,	将进一步犯下战争罪、危害人类罪,甚至灭绝种族罪,
746	they instead assess whether they will face any punishment for aiding and abetting those crimes	相反,它们评估它们是否会因协助和教唆这些罪行而受到任何惩罚。
747	and whether factoring in any kind of liability will so negatively affect their bottom line.	以及计入任何一种赔偿责任是否会对其底线产生如此不利的影响。
748	It may well be that Russia turns to Iran and North Korea for weapons it uses in Ukraine	很可能是俄罗斯转而向伊朗和朝鲜提供在乌克兰使用的武器
749	instead of Tlaquid, Northrop Grumman, and Boeing,	而不是特拉奎德、诺斯罗普・格鲁曼和波音
750	not because those American companies find the end use of weapons by Russia uniquely criminal	不是因为那些美国公司发现俄罗斯最终使用武器
751	when measured against the Geneva Conventions,	根据《日内瓦公约》衡量,
752	but rather because those US companies know that sanctions regimes would actually be enforced against them	但更确切地说,因为这些美国公司知道,制裁制度实际上将对它们实施。
753	with resulting fines and potentially even criminal penalties,	- 处以罚款,甚至刑事处罚,
754	making the price of doing business with a non-US ally simply too high.	使与非美国盟友做生意的代价太高。
755	Civilians the globe over deserve the same protections under law,	全球平民应该受到同样的法律保护,
756	just like all potential perpetrators should be held to the same standards.	就象所有潜在的罪犯都应该遵守同样的标准一样。
757	We are told that to hold US and other weapons manufacturers to the letter of the law	我们被告知,让美国和其他武器制造商遵守法律
758	would be too onerous and undercut national security.	将太繁琐和损害国家安全。
759	Let us look at what is actually being asked here.	让我们看看这里实际提出的问题。
760	As has been said, we are not asking to declare war or the provision of weapons inherently illegal.	正如已经说过的那样,我们不是要求宣战或提供本来就是非法的武器。
761	Providing weapons to states for war fighting in compliance with the law of war is not at issue.	按照战争法向国家提供作战武器是没有问题的。
762	We are not even critiquing simply the fact that companies profit from war.	我们甚至连公司从战争中获利的事实都不再令人发指。
763	What we are saying must stop is weapon companies profiting from criminal activity under the cover of war.	我们必须停止的是武器公司在战争掩护下从犯罪活动中获利。
764	Likewise, qualifying a military assault	同样,军事攻击
765	as counterterrorism operations is also invoked	由于反恐行动也被援引
766	to shut down calls for accountability.	关闭要求问责的呼声。
767	The terrorism, quote unquote, frame,	恐怖主义,引文未引,框架,
768	does not give a free pass to ignore the constraints	不给自由的通行证忽略限制
769	of the laws of war or of international human rights law.	战争法或国际人权法。
770	This point has been made clear repeatedly	这一点已经反复阐明
771	in the aftermath of the so-called war on terror.	在所谓的反恐战争之后
772	Quite simply, all counterterrorism measures	简而言之,所有反恐措施
773	like war itself must comply with the foundational principles	就像战争本身必须遵守基本原则一样
774	of legality, necessity, proportionality,	合法性、必要性、相称性、
775	the principle of distinguishing between civilians	区分平民的原则
776	and combatants, and non-discrimination.	以及不歧视。
777	It is incumbent on all weapons manufacturers	所有武器制造商都有义务这样做
778	and defense contractors to ensure that their operations	和国防承包商确保其行动
779	they are contributing to do so and follow those principles.	它们正在为此作出贡献,并遵循这些原则。
780	Finally, enforcement mechanisms do exist	最后,执行机制确实存在。
781	to hold arms manufacturers to account,	追究武器制造商的责任,
782	but the political will for proper enforcement, I agree,	我同意,但适当执法的政治意愿
783	is sorely lacking.	严重缺乏。
784	National courts, war crimes offices, industry groups,	国家法院、战争罪办公室、工业团体、
785	and the general public must all be activated	必须使所有公众都参与进来
786	in new and more vocal and visible ways	以新的、更响亮和可见的方式
787	to make it clear to arms companies	向军火公司说明
788	that they cannot continue to profit	他们不能继续获利
789	from their knowing contribution	因为他们知道自己的贡献
790	to unlawful death and destruction.	非法死亡和破坏。
791	In recent years, we have seen some uptick	近些年来,我们见过一些上升
792	in cases against companies involved in the arms trade,	涉及军火贸易公司的案件,
793	including those who are providing emerging technologies.	包括那些提供新兴技术的人。
794	For example, last month, a court in Kenya	例如上个月,肯尼亚的一个法院
795	set a case against Metta in which it is alleged	起诉Metta并指控他
796	to have promoted content that led to ethnic violence	宣传导致种族暴力的内容;
797	and killings in Ethiopia can proceed.	在埃塞俄比亚,杀戮可以继续下去。
798	Just yesterday, Metta won $168 million in damages	就在昨天,梅塔赢得了1.68亿美元的损失
799	over a spyware hack by the Israeli cyber intelligence	以色列网络情报部门的间谍软件入侵
800	company, the NSO Group, that apparently works	国家统计局集团,这显然有效
801	with many foreign militaries.	与许多外国军队。
802	But if liability for continuing to send 2,000 pound bombs	但是如果继续发送2000磅炸弹的责任
803	to be used against a civilian population	用于对付平民人口
804	that is targeted for genocide proves illusory,	被作为种族灭绝目标证明是虚幻的,
805	we are right to wonder if there is hope of enforcement	我们有理由怀疑是否有执行的希望
806	against Big Tech for its role now	反对大科技现在的作用
807	in supporting tracking and targeting	支持跟踪和锁定目标
808	in ways that lead to the death of civilians	导致平民死亡的方式
809	and destruction of civilian infrastructure	毁坏民用基础设施
810	and the reported Lavender and Where's Daddy operations	和报道的拉芬德和爸爸在哪里的行动
811	in Gaza.	加沙
812	The cases are simply too few and far between,	这些案子太少了离我们太远了
813	and that I agree.	我同意这一点。
814	Indeed, as states fight cases brought against them	事实上,在各州审理针对他们的案件时
815	for their own provision of weapons alleged	他们自己提供据称的武器
816	to further war crimes and genocide,	和种族灭绝,
817	like is happening here in the UK, in the Netherlands,	就像发生在英国,荷兰
818	in Canada, and elsewhere, we can't be overly hopeful	在加拿大和其他地方,我们不能过于乐观
819	that they will investigate their own weapons suppliers	调查自己的武器供应商
820	for complicity.	共谋罪。
821	We need more accountability, I agree.	我同意我们需要更多的问责制。
822	This union has the opportunity tonight	这个工会今晚有机会
823	to send its own clear message to government	向政府发出明确的信息
824	and companies that accountability is coming.	和公司,问责制即将来临。
825	Please vote yes in support of the motion.	请投票支持这项动议。
826	Thank you.	谢谢
827	I thank Catherine Gallagher for her fine speech.	我感谢凯瑟琳·加拉格的演讲
828	And now to close the case for the opposition	现在结束对反对派的诉讼
829	and indeed for the whole debate,	而对于整个辩论,
830	I call on Professor Shannon French.	我请香农·法兰西教授发言。
831	Well, first of all, thank you, Madam President.	首先,谢谢你,主席女士
832	It is a delight and an honor to be here	很荣幸能来到这里
833	and I'm happy to speak to you all on this topic,	我很高兴能跟大家谈这个话题
834	which is indeed quite serious.	这的确相当严重。
835	But I would like to say that a joke	但我想说一个笑话
836	that Rosalie made earlier is actually	罗莎莉之前做的其实是
837	an excellent book title,	一个优秀的书名,
838	because ethics easier said than done is exactly right	因为道德说起来比做起来容易是完全正确的
839	and kind of the point of our discussion this evening.	也是我们今晚讨论的要点
840	So I do think unlike my colleague,	所以我觉得不像我的同事
841	I do think there is still value in international law.	我认为国际法仍有价值。
842	However, that value is again, as you correctly said,	然而,正如你正确指出的那样,这一价值再次出现。
843	not so much in enforcement as in setting the norms.	在执法方面,没有制定规范。
844	It provides guidance for those who do the kind of work	它为从事此类工作的人提供指导。
845	that I've done in the past,	过去我做过的事
846	which is called a PME or professional military education,	称为PME或专业军事教育,
847	where we try to convey those laws.	我们试图传达这些法律。
848	But at the end of the day, the law is,	但最终,法律是,
849	and my apologies to my lawyer colleague,	我向律师同事道歉
850	the law is the floor.	法律是地板。
851	I am an ethicist, I'm a philosopher	我是个道德主义者,我是哲学家
852	and ethics aspires for a higher bar.	道德要求更高的律师资格
853	You don't want to go through life	你不想过一辈子
854	and have the best thing that anyone can say about you	并拥有最好的事物任何人都可以谈论你
855	be that you didn't go to jail.	如果你没进监狱的话
856	We have higher goals and ethics is about that.	我们有更高的目标,道德是这方面的。
857	Laws are necessary, but they are not sufficient.	法律是必要的,但还不够。
858	And in this case, the question of responsibility	在这种情况下,责任问题
859	is not only one of ethics,	不仅是道德问题,
860	but as the esteemed gentlemen over here mentioned,	但正如这里尊敬的先生们所提到的,
861	it is essentially about humans and human responsibility.	它主要涉及人和人的责任。
862	So let me talk about something very human.	让我来谈谈一些非常人性的东西。
863	I used to teach at the US Naval Academy	我以前在美国海军学院任教
864	and I used to teach future Navy and Marine Corps officers.	我以前教过未来的海军和海军陆战队军官
865	And the timing that I happened to teach	我碰巧教的时机
866	was from 1997 to 2008.	从1997年到2008年。
867	So as you can imagine with 9-11 happening	所以,你可以想象,9 -11发生
868	in that timeframe, things changed.	在这个时间范围内,事情变了。
869	It went from a force that was anticipating	它来自一支预想中的部队
870	and we were teaching them this,	我们教他们这个,
871	that they would mostly be doing humanitarian interventions	他们大多从事人道主义干预
872	to a force that was now engaged	给一支已经投入战斗的部队
873	in what would later be called the forever wars.	在后来所谓的永远的战争中。
874	Only recently 20 years on to be somewhat	才20年才开始
875	but not entirely concluded.	但没有完全结束。
876	I've stayed in touch with a lot of my former students	我和很多以前的学生保持联系
877	and not long ago, I had the chance to meet	不久前,我有机会见面
878	with two of them, Dan and Nathan,	他们中有两个,丹和内森,
879	when the three of us were volunteering in Europe	我们三个人在欧洲志愿工作的时候
880	to help the families of Ukrainians	帮助乌克兰人家庭
881	who had lost loved ones in that conflict.	他们在那场冲突中失去了亲人。
882	And it was very interesting to see Dan and Nathan again.	又见到丹和内森很有意思
883	Dan, who had served as a Navy SEAL,	曾担任海豹突击队海军的丹
884	had lost both of his legs in Afghanistan.	他的双腿在阿富汗都丢了
885	Nathan, who had served in Iraq,	曾在伊拉克服役的内森
886	had come back whole in body, but not in soul.	已经全身而归但不是灵魂
887	He had come back with what is sometimes called	他回来了,有时也叫
888	post-traumatic stress, but I think is better called	创伤后应激,但我觉得最好叫
889	a term that you hear more often now.	一个你现在经常听到的词汇。
890	He came back with moral injury.	他带着精神上的伤害回来
891	And he came back with that	他带着这个回来
892	because as he has publicly commented on,	因为正如他所表白的那样,
893	he felt betrayed.	他觉得自己被背叛了
894	He felt that the leadership had betrayed him.	他认为,领导人背叛了他。
895	And as he looked back on his experiences,	当他回顾他的经历时
896	both killing people and leading those to their deaths	既杀人又导致死亡
897	who served under him as he was a force recon Marine	在他手下当过陆军侦察兵
898	fighting in places like Fallujah,	在费卢杰等地作战
899	he couldn't reconcile what he'd done	他无法调和他的所作所为
900	with the causes as the war unfolded.	随着战争的展开
901	Which for those of us who were there at the time	对当时在场的我们来说
902	will recall, they kept changing.	他们会记得,他们一直在改变。
903	We kept getting told different reasons	我們一直被告知不同的理由
904	as to why we were there.	至于为什么我们在那里。
905	Now, when I talk about Nathan and Dan,	现在,当我谈到内森和丹,
906	I want you to know something that struck me as profound.	我要你知道一些让我很深刻的事
907	And that is these two men who are friends	那两个人是朋友
908	told me that they both agreed	说他们都同意
909	that Nathan's wounds were worse.	内森的伤口更严重
910	That Dan, having lost both his legs,	那个Dan失去了双腿
911	still felt in a different and deeper way intact.	仍然以不同和更深的方式感觉完好无损.
912	And he had gone on and continues to do so	他继续这样
913	to be an athlete and in fact was a gold medalist	成为一名运动员,事实上是一名金牌获得者
914	as a Paralympian.	做一个瘫痪者。
915	Whereas Nathan struggles daily	而内森每天都在挣扎
916	to get through his pain and his experience.	度过他的痛苦和经历
917	That moral injury, that betrayal of what's right is human.	道德上的伤害, 背叛什么是正确的是人。
918	I want to quote for you the words	我想为你们引用这句话
919	of a World War II veteran, Jay Glenn Gray,	二战老兵杰·格伦·格雷
920	who said, for all its inhumanity,	他曾说:这是非人道的,
921	war is a profoundly human institution.	战争是一个深刻的人类机构。
922	And preventing war crimes at its core	以及防止战争犯罪的核心
923	is about preserving humanity.	保护人类
924	And despite what the US Supreme Court has judged,	不顾美国最高法院的判决
925	corporations are not people.	企业不是人。
926	We need to find the people who are accountable	我们需要找到负责的人
927	precisely because someone needs to bear	正是因为有人需要承受
928	the actual moral weight and that can only be borne	实际的道德分量,而这种分量只能承担
929	by those who recognize the stakes on that level.	以便认识此事的利害关系者。
930	Focusing on putting the responsibility	注重落实责任.
931	on these corporations is a deflection and a distraction.	对这些公司来说,是转移注意力和转移注意力。
932	I hate to say this, but it is true.	我讨厌这样说,但这是真的。
933	If you give them fines, they will pay them and go right on.	如果你给他们罚款, 他们会支付他们,然后继续。
934	If you give them other kinds of punishment,	如果你给他们其他的惩罚
935	you can't put them in jail.	你不能把他们关进监狱
936	And if, as was described, you say to a company	如果,如前所述,你对公司说
937	like Blackwater, you can no longer be a mercenary organization,	和黑水一样你不能再做雇佣兵组织了
938	they will rebrand as Z and keep going.	他们会重新命名为Z 继续前进。
939	I think there are times	我想有时候
940	when we should hold corporations responsible.	我们何时应该追究公司的责任
941	I feel deeply about that.	我对此深感不安。
942	But it should be about the things that they do wrong	但应该是他们做错的事
943	with their own delivery.	他们自己送货的
944	So for example, in the Vietnam conflict,	例如,在越南冲突中,
945	some of the United States troops	一些美军
946	were actually given M16s that were defective,	实际上是给了有缺陷的M16,
947	that actually exploded on those who were using them.	爆炸了那些使用它们的人。
948	That is something that you hold	这是你持有的东西
949	the manufacturer responsible for.	负责的制造商。
950	But ultimately, the use of the weapons is a human choice.	但归根结底,使用这些武器是人类的选择。
951	And that human choice also, as has been mentioned,	和人类的选择, 正如已经提到的,
952	means that human ingenuity does come into play.	意味着人类的才智确实在起作用.
953	I won't again use the example of cars being used as weapons,	我不会再用汽车被用作武器的例子了
954	but I will say that if anyone here	但我会说,如果有人在这里
955	看过电影Gross Point Blank,
956	then you know the stirring words of John Cusack,	然后你知道约翰·库萨克的言语
957	who said, I killed the president of Paraguay with a fork.	我用叉子杀了巴拉圭总统
958	I've also, by the way, been reliably told	顺便说一句我也被告知
959	that you can kill someone with a McDonald's straw	你可以用麦当劳的吸管杀人
960	21 different ways, 22 if you use the wrapper, just saying.	21种不同的方式,22 如果你用包装,只是说。
961	The point of that is simply to say	这一点只是说
962	that there are human choices involved,	有人类的选择,
963	and ethics, again, is about human choices	和道德,再次,是人的选择
964	and human responsibility.	和人的责任。
965	What happens in war is a choice.	在战争中会发生什么是一个选择。
966	And we do make a distinction	我们确实有区别
967	between the decision to go to war,	在决定开战之间
968	which is made by policymakers,	由决策者制作,
969	who I also think should be held accountable,	我觉得应该追究他的责任
970	and the conduct of war,	和战争的进行,
971	which falls on the shoulders of those who fight.	落在战斗者的肩上。
972	And it is in both of those realms	在这两个领域
973	that war crimes can be committed,	能够犯下战争罪行,
974	but they can be done with virtually anything.	但它们几乎可以做任何事情。
975	And again, this is a bit of an indictment of human nature,	再说一遍,这有点像人类性质的指控
976	but if we had nothing but sticks and stones,	如果我们只有棍子和石头
977	some humans would figure out how to commit war crimes	有些人类会想出如何犯下战争罪
978	with those as well.	还有那些
979	The problem, ladies and gentlemen, is us,	女士们先生们,问题是我们
980	and that is where the solution lies as well.	这也是解决办法所在。
981	I would also remind those	我也提醒他们
982	who are considering this proposition	考虑这一提议的人
983	that as has been mentioned,	如前所述,
984	there are good uses for weapons as well.	武器也有很好的用途。
985	I know there's the saying, war is not the answer,	我知道有一句谚语战争不是答案
986	but I would reply to that.	但我会回答这个问题。
987	It depends on the question,	这取决于问题
988	because if the question is what do you do	因为如果问题是你做什么
989	when Putin sends a force into your country	当普京向你们国家派遣部队时
990	in an illegal invasion and kills your citizens	非法入侵并杀害公民
991	and takes your territory,	并夺取你的领地,
992	I believe the answer is war.	我相信答案是战争
993	And I don't believe that you can, in fact,	而且我不相信你可以,事实上,
994	without great naivete,	没有伟大的天真,
995	choose only peaceful solutions.	选择和平的解决办法。
996	Gandhi was successful because there was,	甘地成功是因为...
997	behind his movement,	在他的运动背后,
998	the understood threat of its alternative,	被理解的另一种威胁,
999	the threat of violence.	暴力威胁。
1000	And Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. succeeded	小马丁·路德·金博士成功
1001	because there was also Malcolm X.	因为还有马尔科姆X。
1002	These movements worked together.	这些运动是合作的。
1003	They were never purely pacifist.	他们从来不是纯粹的和平主义者。
1004	The only way, the only way to prevent war crimes	唯一能防止战争犯罪的方法
1005	is to focus on those who commit them,	专注于犯罪的人,
1006	and that is about what I work and write about,	那是关于我的工作和写作,
1007	about the code that is internalized.	关于内部化的代码。
1008	We need to teach people that they must draw lines.	我们需要教人们,他们必须划清界限。
1009	They must draw lines and say this far but no further,	他们必须划出界线,说到这里,但不再继续,
1010	no matter what is at stake.	不管有什么关系
1011	They need to realize, as crazy as this may sound to some,	他们需要意识到,尽管这听起来很疯狂,
1012	that there actually are things worse than death.	其实还有比死亡更糟糕的事
1013	And one of those things,	还有一件事
1014	as my friend Nathan can tell you,	正如我的朋友内森告诉你,
1015	is crossing one of those lines.	正在越过其中一条线。
1016	If you cross those lines, you lose yourself.	如果你越过那些界限,你会失去自我。
1017	And if you are forced to be part of an effort	如果你被迫参与其中
1018	that crosses those lines,	越过这些线,
1019	you suffer moral injury from that betrayal.	你因为背叛而精神受损
1020	So there are lines we must hold firm.	所以有些台词我们必须坚守
1021	Those are the people I want to regulate.	这些是我想管理的人。
1022	No offense, but I want to regulate Sean.	无意冒犯但我想管肖恩
1023	I want to regulate all of those who are involved.	我想管理所有参与其中的人。
1024	I want to close, I know I'm running out of time,	我想关闭,我知道我快没时间了,
1025	okay, technically out of time,	好吧,从技术上讲,没有时间了,
1026	but I will quickly continue as Rosalie did,	但我会像罗莎莉那样继续
1027	pass the dings.	传拂子曰.
1028	ing,ing也.
1029	To tell you briefly of a friend of mine,	告诉你一个朋友
1030	a different friend of mine from the Naval Academy,	我海军学院的一位朋友
1031	他,Bob Proano, 他是一个飞行员,
1032	or excuse me, a naval aviator,	或原谅我,海军飞行员,
1033	who went by the call sign Sprout,	他走过呼号,
1034	and by the way, he never told me why,	顺便说一句他从没告诉我为什么
1035	and I'm dying to know, but never mind.	我渴望知道,但没关系。
1036	Point is, Sprout used to tell me	关键是,芽曾告诉我
1037	that the best commander he ever had	这是他最好的指挥官
1038	told him at the end of every mission briefing,	在每次任务结束后告诉他
1039	here's the mission, here's what you do,	这是任务,这是你的工作
1040	this is what you're supposed to bomb or whatever,	这是你应该轰炸什么的,
1041	unless it doesn't look right.	除非看起来不对劲
1042	And it used to drive Sprout crazy,	它曾经使发芽疯狂,
1043	because he's like, what the, does that mean?	因为他喜欢,什么, 这意味着什么?
1044	Unless it doesn't look right.	除非看起来不对劲
1045	And he finally asked him, what do you mean by that?	他最后问他,你是什么意思?
1046	And the commander said, I'm not the one pulling the trigger.	指挥官说不是我开枪的
1047	I'm not the one there.	我不是那个
1048	Things change on the ground.	事变于地.
1049	If I send you after a factory and you look down there	如果我把你送到一个工厂,你看看下面
1050	and you say, god damn, that's a school,	你说,该死的,那是所学校,
1051	then you make the call.	然后,你打电话。
1052	If it doesn't look right, it is on you.	如果它看起来不对,它是你的。
1053	In the immortal words of Buckaroo Banzai,	用不朽的白卡罗·班扎伊的话
1054	wherever you go, there you are.	无论你走到哪里,你在这里。
1055	It is you in war.	这是你在打仗。
1056	It is you outside of war.	是你在战争之外
1057	It is always you making the choices.	你总是做出选择。
1058	So let's hold humans responsible for those choices,	让我们让人类对这些选择负责
1059	not corporations, not empty entities.	不是公司,也不是空实体。
1060	Let's go to the source, because every person	让我们去源,因为每个人都
1061	on each side here wants there to be fewer war crimes.	每一方都希望减少战争罪。
1062	But to make those changes,	但是为了改变这些
1063	we have to start with the human heart.	我们必须从人的心脏开始
1064	Thank you.	谢谢

该视频共有字幕 1067 条。解锁更多字幕为会员功能，请移动到价格

下载安装