《经济学人》人形机器人在中国的规模化扩张与数据困境 [C1]

发布于 2026-08-30 · 时长 8:01

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:02	Business.	事业.
0:06	Robotics.	机器人学
0:08	Going through the motions.	正在通过运动。
0:10	China is training up thousands of humanoids,	中国正在培养成千上万的人类
0:14	but at what cost?	但以什么代价?
0:17	China's humanoid robots are sprinting ahead of their rivals.	中国人造机器人冲超对手.
0:21	Literally.	当然
0:22	On August 17th,	在8月17号
0:23	one of their number, called Superman, clocked up a running speed of 12.66 metres per second,	其中一个叫超人跑得12.66米每秒
0:29	beating the previous record set by Usain Bolt, before crashing into a wall.	击败Usain Bolt之前的纪录,然后撞到墙上。

展开字幕全文（128 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	Business.	事业.
2	Robotics.	机器人学
3	Going through the motions.	正在通过运动。
4	China is training up thousands of humanoids,	中国正在培养成千上万的人类
5	but at what cost?	但以什么代价?
6	China's humanoid robots are sprinting ahead of their rivals.	中国人造机器人冲超对手.
7	Literally.	当然
8	On August 17th,	在8月17号
9	one of their number, called Superman, clocked up a running speed of 12.66 metres per second,	其中一个叫超人跑得12.66米每秒
10	beating the previous record set by Usain Bolt, before crashing into a wall.	击败Usain Bolt之前的纪录,然后撞到墙上。
11	The triumph only added to the buzz over Unitree, Superman's maker, which debuted	这场胜利只增加了对Unitree,超人的制造者的轰动,它开始
12	its shares in Shanghai two days later.	两天后在上海的股份
13	Their price leapt by 460 percent.	他们的价格上升了460%。
14	Yet as the ignominious end of Superman's running feet demonstrates,	然而,正如超人跑腿的丑恶结局所显示的那样,
15	the technology still has a long way to go.	科技还有很长的路要走
16	Chinese companies are expected to sell	中国公司要卖
17	50,000 humanoids this year, more than triple last year's figure.	今年有5万块人造物,去年的数字是三倍多.
18	They've largely mastered the hardware behind the machines.	他们基本上掌握了机器后面的硬件.
19	The software, however, is another matter.	但是,软件是另一个问题。
20	In order to create the foundation models that'll allow robots to seamlessly carry out a multitude	为了创造基础模型让机器人能够无缝地执行众多任务
21	of useful tasks, enormous amounts of data must now be collected.	现在必须收集大量数据。
22	The models powering the current generation of humanoids possess a few billion parameters.	为当前一代人造人提供动力的模型拥有数十亿个参数。
23	To replicate the functioning of the human body, they'll need hundreds of billions.	为了复制人体的功能,它们需要上千亿.
24	That would put them at a similar size to the large language models powering chatbots.	这将使它们与大型语言模型为聊天机器人提供动力的大小相似。
25	The difference is that chatbots can be trained on the reams of digital text available on the internet.	不同的是,聊天员可以接受关于互联网上的数字文本内容的培训。
26	Gathering the data necessary to teach a robot to identify a glass, pick it up	收集必要的数据教机器人识别玻璃捡起来
27	and fill it with coffee, is much harder.	给它加点咖啡更难
28	The bot must understand everything from its spatial position to the brittleness of the glass	机器人必须了解一切从空间位置到玻璃的脆度
29	and the viscosity of its contents.	及其内容的粘度。
30	That information must be mined from experiences in the real world or detailed recreations of them.	这些信息必须来自现实世界的经验或他们的详细娱乐。
31	Humanoids are currently fed a hotchpotch of data, often from low quality simulations.	人造物目前被喂入一个热点的数据,往往来自低质量的模拟.
32	Data collected from the real world are far more useful and now highly sought after.	从现实世界收集的数据更有用,现在已非常需要。
33	The most valuable form is real machine data, which are generated by the actions of a robot,	最有价值的形式是真正的机器数据, 由机器人的行动产生,
34	either when it's controlled remotely or when it's carrying out tasks by itself.	要么被遥控要么自己执行任务
35	Another important source comes from recording humans as they complete tasks.	另一个重要来源来自记录人类在完成任务时的情况.
36	Known as egocentric data, this information is gathered by equipping a person with a headset,	以自我为中心的数据收集这些信息的方法是给人戴上耳机
37	haptic sensor gloves and other kit that records their movements.	随机感应手套和记录其移动情况的其他工具箱。
38	China's quickly becoming the front runner in the quest for real machine data,	中国迅速成为寻找真实机器数据的先锋
39	thanks to training centres such as the Hubei Humanoid Innovation Centre.	感谢湖北人文类产品创新中心等培训中心.
40	At the sprawling facility in the central Chinese city of Wuhan,	在中国中部城市武汉的无序扩张设施,
41	up to 100 robots spend hours each day observing and mimicking humans.	多达100个机器人每天花费数小时观察和模仿人类.
42	At one of the dozens of workstations, a young man behind a counter is moving his hand,	在几十个工作站中的一个, 一个年轻人在柜台后面移动他的手,
43	gloved in digital sensors, in a circular motion, as if he were pouring hot water over coffee.	戴在数字传感器上,在循环运动中, 好像他把热水倒在咖啡上。
44	Next to him stands a robot that's mimicking his motion,	旁边有个机器人模仿他的动作
45	but spouting real water from a kettle over a funnel of coffee.	但喷出真正的水从一个水壶在漏斗咖啡。
46	The manner in which the bot's wrists and fingers move are creepily human.	机器人的手腕和手指的移动方式令人毛骨悚然.
47	A few steps from the makeshift café is what looks like a pharmacy,	从临时咖啡馆走几步看起来像一个药店,
48	where another human-robot duo are stocking shelves.	还有一个人类机器人双人舱在袜子上
49	Next is a convenience store, then a factory line,	接下来是便利店然后是工厂线
50	followed by various other scenes from working life.	之后是职业生活中的其他各种场景。
51	Until now, foreign journalists haven't been allowed to visit these centres.	直到现在,外国记者一直不被允许访问这些中心.
52	The centre in Wuhan is one of 53 facilities in China,	武汉中心是中国53个设施之一,
53	built especially for gleaning the secrets of human movement,	特别是为了搜集人类行动的秘密而建造的
54	根据一家咨询公司Interact Analysis的数据。
55	Most were created in the past two years.	大部分是在过去两年中创建的。
56	Another 34 are under construction or planned.	另有34个项目正在建造或规划之中。
57	One being constructed in Shanghai will have space for 1,000 humanoids.	上海正在建造的一台将拥有1000个人造机器人的空间.
58	A small city in coastal Zhejiang province already has six training centres.	滨海浙江省的一个小城市已经设有6个培训中心.
59	Training centres require a large amount of space and many people to run them,	培训中心需要大量空间和许多人来管理它们,
60	as well as a legion of cutting-edge humanoids,	以及一批尖端人造物,
61	which can run to 100,000 yuan or $15,000 apiece.	可以跑到10万元人民币或每人15000元
62	And for every eight hours of coffee-pouring, for example,	例如每8小时泡咖啡
63	the droid at the café station produces just three hours of useful data.	咖啡馆站的机器人只提供三个小时有用的数据.
64	The rest is spoiled, mostly by errors that engineers don't want the bots to learn.	其余的都是被宠坏的,大多是因为工程师不希望那些笨蛋学习的错误.
65	This form of training thus costs 500 to 700 yuan per hour,	因此,这种培训需要每小时500至700元。
66	reckons Corey Chan of HSBC, a bank.	汇丰银行的科里·陈
67	According to one estimate, 100 million training hours	根据一项估计,1亿个培训小时
68	will be required to develop a robot	需要开发机器人
69	that can perform a wide variety of daily tasks.	能够执行各种各样的日常任务。
70	Fortunately for Chinese businesses like Unitree,	幸运的是,像Unitree这样的中国企业
71	the government has been picking up much of the tab for the centres.	政府一直在为这些中心提取大部分资金。
72	Around four-fifths are state-backed.	大约五分之四的国家支持。
73	Many are collaborations between private enterprises and local governments,	其中许多是私营企业与地方政府之间的合作,
74	which buy humanoids and sell the data produced back to the companies.	买人造物,然后把数据卖给公司
75	Estimates vary, but in the first half of 2026,	在2026年上半年,
76	up to 70% of the humanoids made in China may have gone to these training centres,	在中国制造的人类的70%可能已经进入这些培训中心,
77	adding up to around 13,000 machines.	加起来大约13,000台机器。
78	By building one, local officials can shore up demand	通过建造一个, 地方官员可以支撑需求
79	for robots that are being manufactured in their area.	给那些正在制造的机器人
80	At the same time, Chinese robot makers are finding ways of collecting egocentric data	同时,中国机器人制造者也在寻找方法收集以自我为中心的数据
81	from the country's large manufacturing workforce,	从国家庞大的制造业劳动力,
82	as well as its many unemployed youngsters.	以及许多失业青年。
83	A cottage industry has emerged of vendors making wearable gear for that purpose.	已经出现了一个小屋工业,即销售商为此制造可穿戴的装备。
84	Some hope young people will wear the kit while at home as a part-time job.	有些人希望年轻人在家里做兼职时佩戴这个包.
85	JD.com, an e-commerce firm, said earlier this year	JD.com,一家电子商务公司,今年早些时候说
86	that it has launched a project to pay 100,000 of its staff	已经启动了一个支付100 000名工作人员工资的项目。
87	and 500,000 others to track their own movements.	和50万人追踪自己的行动。
88	At a facility that's reportedly received state funding in Jiangsu,	据报道,在江苏的一家机构,
89	another coastal province,	另一个沿海省份,
90	the firm pays people to carry out tasks in fake grocery stores	公司付钱给别人去假的杂货店干活
91	and other environments.	以及其他环境。
92	Over the next two years, it intends to gather 10 million hours	在接下来的两年里,它打算聚集1000万小时
93	of data capturing real-world human scenarios.	收集真实世界人类情景的数据。
94	Egocentric data generated by humans are far less useful than real machine data,	人类生成的以电子为中心的数据远不如真正的机器数据有用
95	owing to the differences in how human limbs and robotic ones move in practice.	因为在实际操作中人的四肢和机器人的移动方式不同
96	And even the bits that are useful must be labelled,	即使是有用的部分也必须贴上标签
97	requiring a human to tag each movement manually	要求人类手动标记每个运动
98	so that a bot knows to which limb or action it applies.	这样一个机器人就能知道它适用于哪种肢体或动作。
99	Still, China gained an early edge in image recognition technology	尽管如此,中国在图像识别技术上还是获得了早期优势.
100	by employing large groups of people to tag pictures.	利用大批人来标记图片
101	It could do the same again, says an engineer who works for a robotics company.	机器人公司的工程师说,它可以再次这样做。
102	China's humanoid industry is unlike most other manufacturing businesses	中国人造工业不同于其他制造业
103	that have thrived in the country.	在国内兴旺发达
104	Over the next few years, it's set to produce and sell hundreds of thousands	在接下来的几年里,它定在生产和销售数十万
105	of costly but mostly useless machines	昂贵但大多无用的机器
106	in the hope that it can make cheap and useful ones in future.	希望它将来能做便宜有用的东西。
107	Since its initial pop, Unitree's share price has slumped by 30%.	自最初流行以来,Unitree的股价下跌了30%.
108	American competitors have been relying on less expensive training methods.	美国竞争对手一直依赖成本较低的培训方法.
109	Tesla, America's biggest producer of humanoids,	特斯拉,美国最大的人造物生产商,
110	is said to be training robots in its own warehouses,	据说是训练机器人在自己的仓库,
111	which saves it the cost of constructing stand-alone training facilities.	从而节省了建造独立培训设施的费用。
112	Various companies have been using videos of human movement	许多公司都在使用人类运动的视频
113	to train their humanoids.	训练他们的人体。
114	And since these days America has few factory workers	自从这些天以来美国几乎没有工厂工人
115	who can be handed gear for egocentric collection,	他们能拿工具来收集自负,
116	a number of firms are reportedly paying workers in poor countries	据报道,一些公司向贫穷国家的工人支付工资。
117	where wages are lower than in China	工资低于中国
118	to don headsets and haptic gloves as they work.	在工作时戴头盔和假手套
119	As with computer vision,	就像电脑视觉一样
120	China nevertheless seems almost certain to maintain the lead	但中国似乎几乎肯定保持领先地位
121	in robot data collection.	在机器人数据收集中。
122	But at what cost?	但以什么代价?
123	Given the current state of the technology	鉴于技术的现状
124	and the time that will be required to improve it,	以及加以改进所需的时间,
125	a commercial market for humanoids is unlikely to emerge this decade.	这十年不太可能出现人造物的商业市场。
126	Morgan Stanley, a bank, reckons that China could be selling	摩根斯坦利,一家银行, 估计中国可以出售
127	nearly 450,000 robots a year by 2030.	到2030年,每年有近45万个机器人.
128	Many will remain dim-witted and continue charging into walls.	许多人将保持愚昧,继续向墙上充电。

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