【牛津辩论】应终止社交媒体私有制？
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:05 | Thank you, madam president | 谢谢,总统夫人 |
| 0:08 | So when billionaire bought Twitter at 2 a.m. After serious twits, we all learned something profound about the structure of modern democracy | 所以当亿万富翁在凌晨2点买下Twitter时. 经过认真的傻瓜,我们都学到了 现代民主结构的深刻知识 |
| 0:16 | Apparently the online public square can change hands like a football club and that should concern us | 显然,网上的公开广场可以像足球俱乐部一样换手,这应该关系到我们 |
| 0:23 | Social media is no longer just entertainment. | 社交媒体不再仅仅是娱乐. |
| 0:25 | It is infrastructure | 是基础设施 |
| 0:27 | It's where elections are fought where public health information circulates where movements organized and where reputations are made and destroyed | 在这场选举中,公众健康信息在组织运动的地方传播,在这场斗争中,人们的名声被破坏。 |
| 0:35 | For many people it is the main gateway to news and politics and when something becomes this fundamental we treat it differently | 对许多人来说,它是新闻和政治的主要门户,当事情变得如此根本时,我们对待它的方式不同。 |
| 0:43 | We do not allow a handful billionaires to own electricity grid | 我们不允许几个亿万富翁拥有电网 |
| 0:47 | we do not allow private dynasties to control the road network and | 我们不允许私人王朝控制公路网 |
| 0:51 | We do not allow single-family to own a nation's telecom system because these systems shape society itself | 我们不允许单一家庭拥有一个国家的电信系统,因为这些系统塑造了社会本身。 |
展开字幕全文（1058 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thank you, madam president | 谢谢,总统夫人 |
| 2 | So when billionaire bought Twitter at 2 a.m. After serious twits, we all learned something profound about the structure of modern democracy | 所以当亿万富翁在凌晨2点买下Twitter时. 经过认真的傻瓜,我们都学到了 现代民主结构的深刻知识 |
| 3 | Apparently the online public square can change hands like a football club and that should concern us | 显然,网上的公开广场可以像足球俱乐部一样换手,这应该关系到我们 |
| 4 | Social media is no longer just entertainment. | 社交媒体不再仅仅是娱乐. |
| 5 | It is infrastructure | 是基础设施 |
| 6 | It's where elections are fought where public health information circulates where movements organized and where reputations are made and destroyed | 在这场选举中,公众健康信息在组织运动的地方传播,在这场斗争中,人们的名声被破坏。 |
| 7 | For many people it is the main gateway to news and politics and when something becomes this fundamental we treat it differently | 对许多人来说,它是新闻和政治的主要门户,当事情变得如此根本时,我们对待它的方式不同。 |
| 8 | We do not allow a handful billionaires to own electricity grid | 我们不允许几个亿万富翁拥有电网 |
| 9 | we do not allow private dynasties to control the road network and | 我们不允许私人王朝控制公路网 |
| 10 | We do not allow single-family to own a nation's telecom system because these systems shape society itself | 我们不允许单一家庭拥有一个国家的电信系统,因为这些系统塑造了社会本身。 |
| 11 | They make democratic participation possible | 它们使得民主参与成为可能 |
| 12 | Social media now plays that same role and | 社交媒体现在发挥同样的作用, |
| 13 | Infrastructure requires democratic legitimacy | 基础设施需要民主合法性 |
| 14 | Before I go any further. | 在我继续之前 |
| 15 | It is my honor to introduce the speakers on the opposition | 我很荣幸介绍反对派的演讲者 |
| 16 | We're joined by Hannah Ferguson co-founder of cheek media and as you clarify | 我们和Hannah Ferguson是一起的 脸颊媒体的共同创始人 如你所说 |
| 17 | It's not the fashion model of the same name | 不是同名的时尚模特 |
| 18 | Though both clearly understand visibility in competitive markets great career decision Hannah if my engagement | 虽然双方都清楚地知道 在竞争性市场上的知名度 伟大的职业决定 汉娜,如果我的参与 |
| 19 | Mysteriously drops next week. | 神秘的下降下周。 |
| 20 | I will blame this system if hers rises. | 如果她升起,我会责怪这个系统 |
| 21 | I will blame the same one | 我也会责怪他 |
| 22 | We also have professor Ralph Schroeder from the Oxford Internet Institute | 还有牛津互联网研究所的拉尔夫·施罗德教授 |
| 23 | Where he told me a compulsory seminar in advanced the social theory. | 他告诉我一个 社会理论的必修课 |
| 24 | So if tonight sounds familiar, I'm citing my sources and | 所以,如果今晚听起来很熟悉, 我引用了我的消息来源和 |
| 25 | Next we have professor Julie Cohen | 接下来是朱莉·科恩教授 |
| 26 | one of the leading scholars of law and technology if | 如果 |
| 27 | Anyone here understand how digital platforms are built and governed it is professor Cohen and my only concern is that the | 这里的任何人都明白数字平台是如何构建和管理的 是科恩教授 我唯一关心的就是 |
| 28 | architecture has tenants who were never consulted and | 建筑界的房客从未咨询过 |
| 29 | Finally, dr. Kale von Osterholm from King's College London and at Oxford | 最后,来自伦敦国王学院和牛津大学的卡莱·冯·奥斯特霍尔姆博士 |
| 30 | alumnus who studies digital systems and governance for him tonight is probably less a debate and more | 今晚为他研究数字系统 和治理学的校友 可能不是辩论 |
| 31 | live | 现场直播 |
| 32 | filled experience I hope we produce some publishable results and | 我希望我们产生一些可以公布的结果 |
| 33 | Madam president, those are your guests and they're most welcome | 总统女士,这是你的客人,欢迎他们 |
| 34 | The opposition will describe these companies as platforms as though they are passive stages upon which we perform they are not | 反对者会将这些公司描述为平台, |
| 35 | the global attention regulators | 全球关注监管者 |
| 36 | Through opaque algorithms. | 通过不透明的算法. |
| 37 | They decide what spreads what trends what matters. | 他们决定什么是传播什么趋势 |
| 38 | This is agenda-setting power on a global scale | 这是全球范围制定议程的力量 |
| 39 | But who elects those people who design these systems who vote on their counter-moderation rules and who has standing to challenge their ranking algorithms | 但谁选出设计这些系统的人 谁投票 他们的反修改规则,谁有权挑战 他们的排名算法 |
| 40 | Now | 现在 |
| 41 | Even if private ownership could be justified in theory the reality we face is extreme concentration a | 即使从理论上讲私人所有权是有理由的 我们面对的现实是极端集中 |
| 42 | handful platforms dominate entire spheres of communication | 几个平台主导整个通信领域 |
| 43 | Exit is not meaningful when your social and professional life depends on being there and what we have is not a free market of speech | 当你的社交和职业生活取决于在那里,而我们所拥有的不是言论自由市场时,退出就毫无意义了。 |
| 44 | It is a private governance of speech and now let's consider incentives | 这是私人的言论管理 现在让我们考虑奖励 |
| 45 | those company | 这些公司 |
| 46 | open minds | 打开心扉 |
| 47 | Optimized for engagement because engagement generates out of a high senior revenue | 优化参与,因为参与产生高收入 |
| 48 | But engagement is not the same as truth democratic quality or human flourishing | 但参与并不等于真理 民主质量或人类繁荣 |
| 49 | The business model rewards virality over accuracy | 商业模式奖励病毒性优于准确性 |
| 50 | Outreach over nuance addiction over well-being | 宣传对福祉的细微依赖 |
| 51 | The more emotionally activating the content the longer you stay and the longer you stayed the more as you see | 情绪越激动 内容越久 停留越久 |
| 52 | The the greater the return to shareholders. | 股东的回报越大. |
| 53 | This is not about morality of particular exclusive | 这不是关于道德 特定的排斥 |
| 54 | It is about structural incentives | 这是关于结构性激励 |
| 55 | So if your legal duty is to maximize shareholder return you cannot rationally design for slower healthier or less | 所以,如果你的法律责任是让股东回报最大化 你无法合理设计更慢的更健康或更少 |
| 56 | Addictive public conversation even if that would benefit society | 增加公众对话的吸引力,即使这将造福社会 |
| 57 | So removing the profile motif. | 所以,删除剖面图的动机。 |
| 58 | Well, it does not magically solve every problem | 这并不能神奇地解决所有问题 |
| 59 | But it allows us to design system around public values rather than shareholder values | 但是它允许我们设计系统 围绕公共价值而不是股东价值 |
| 60 | Also, the harms are not hypothetical | 而且,伤害不是假设的 |
| 61 | Research from Meta disclosed in 2021 revealed that its own product | Meta在2021年披露的研究表明,它自己的产品 |
| 62 | Worsened body image issues for one in three teenage girls who already struggled the company knew but the design did not fundamentally change | 已经为公司挣扎的每三名少女中就有一人的身体形象问题, |
| 63 | over the past decade | 过去十年 |
| 64 | Teenage anxiety and depression has risen sharply alongside the rise of algorithm driven social media | 青少年焦虑和抑郁症随着算法驱动的社交媒体的崛起而急剧上升。 |
| 65 | correlation is not causation, but when the engagement drives revenue design choices follow and | 相关性不是因果关系,而是当参与推动收入设计选择之后, |
| 66 | Maybe they want to talk about innovation | 也许他们想谈创新 |
| 67 | But when Instagram began to compete it was acquired when what's have began to compete it was acquired | 但当Instagram开始竞争时 它被收购 当它开始竞争时 |
| 68 | Potential rivals just are not out innovated. | 潜在的对手只是没有创新。 |
| 69 | They're observed | 他们被监视 |
| 70 | This is not a vibrant marketplace of idea. | 这不是一个充满活力的思想市场。 |
| 71 | This is consolidation. | 这是合并。 |
| 72 | And finally, let's consider the scale of power | 最后,让我们考虑一下权力的规模 |
| 73 | Those corporations govern billions of people the users base the user basis exceeds most the states the rule change and | 这些公司管理着数十亿人口 用户基础超过大多数州 规则的改变 |
| 74 | Speeches more extensively than many constitutions | 发言比许多宪法更加广泛 |
| 75 | They can move they can remove individuals from the main space where public life now takes place | 他们可以移动,可以将个人从现在的公共生活的主要空间中移除 |
| 76 | Historically entities with that level influence | 历史上有这种影响力的实体 |
| 77 | Were states empires or religious institutions, they at least claimed public authority | 如果是帝国或宗教机构,它们至少声称拥有公共权力 |
| 78 | Today we have corporation exercising quasi sovereign power without | 今天,我们公司行使准主权,没有 |
| 79 | democratic domain date | 民主领域日期 |
| 80 | This is not compatible with self-government and let me be clear | 这不符合自治,让我说清楚 |
| 81 | We are not arguing for state propaganda ending private ownership does not mean handling social media to whichever party when happens to hold office | 我们并不主张结束私人所有制的国家宣传 并不意味着在任何党派任职时 都会利用社交媒体 |
| 82 | democratic control can take | 民主控制可以 |
| 83 | institutional forms such as public trust | 公共信任等体制形式 |
| 84 | Multi-stakeholder governance bodies platform cooperatives or publicly accountable protocols. | 多利益攸关方治理机构为合作社或公共问责协议提供平台。 |
| 85 | The principle is simple governance of the public space online | 原则是在线公共空间的简单治理 |
| 86 | must be accountable to the public this debate is ultimately about power | 这场辩论最终与权力有关 |
| 87 | Social media shape whatever we see what we know and what we think about | 社交媒体塑造了我们所了解的和我们所思考的 |
| 88 | When that level of influence is in the hands of a tiny number of private actors | 当这种影响力掌握在少数私人行为者手中时 |
| 89 | democracy becomes downstream of corporate governance if | 民主成为公司治理的下游,如果 |
| 90 | social media is the new public square then it must be governed in the interest of the public and | 社交媒体是新的公共广场,必须为了公众的利益来管理它。 |
| 91 | The interest of public requires public authority | 公共利益需要公共当局 |
| 92 | For those reasons this house must end the private ownership of social media. | 出于这些原因,本院必须终止社会媒体的私人所有权。 |
| 93 | Thank you | 谢谢 |
| 94 | Thank you, madam president tonight, I want to start with a simple question | 谢谢 总统夫人 今晚我想先问一个简单的问题 |
| 95 | Have you ever read one of Donald Trump's posts on truth social and thought what a vision? | 你读过唐纳德·特朗普关于真相社会的文章吗? |
| 96 | What a vision | 真是个幻觉 |
| 97 | For the future ownership of social media the control by a head of state | 对于未来社会媒体的所有权,由国家元首控制 |
| 98 | This is what the public square could look like ask yourself a second question | 这就是公共广场的长相 问自己第二个问题 |
| 99 | Have you ever seen a truth social post that wasn't from Donald Trump? | 你见过不是唐纳德·特朗普的真相社会帖子吗? |
| 100 | If the question if the motion were presented with tonight is about ending private ownership | 如果今晚提出的动议 是关于结束私有制的问题 |
| 101 | The the proposition here doesn't really have a case unless they actually argue | 这里的命题没有真正的案件 除非他们真的争论 |
| 102 | For a public ownership an international law model a coalition between nations | 公有制的国际法模式 |
| 103 | Instead tonight, I'll be arguing something different | 今晚,我会争论不同的事情 |
| 104 | But I want to start tonight by actually suggesting something that we might all find agreement on | 但我想从今晚开始 提出我们可能都同意的建议 |
| 105 | that the centralized power of social media ownership is driving unprecedented levels of | 社会媒体所有权的集中力量正在推动前所未有的 |
| 106 | Disinformation and social divides that are irreparable without significant reform | 不进行重大改革而无法弥补的差距和社会鸿沟 |
| 107 | Exactly how that occurs though is where we will find contention | 事情就是这样发生的,我们会发现争议 |
| 108 | Before that as the first speaker. | 之前为第一演说者. |
| 109 | I have the absolute privilege of introducing the incredible team of the proposition now | 我现在有绝对的特权介绍 令人难以置信的团队的建议 |
| 110 | We just heard from yen who's a content creator and journalist or otherwise known as I am an influencer | 我们刚从日元那里听说 他是一个内容创作者和记者 或者我是一个影响者 |
| 111 | Yen is also an AI impact researcher and PhD candidate at Oxford with a master's of philosophy in gender studies from Cambridge | Yen也是一名AI撞击研究员和牛津大学博士候选人,在剑桥大学攻读性别研究哲学硕士 |
| 112 | That's an incredibly expensive education to reach the conclusion that I want to move to Sheetal now | 这是一个令人难以置信的昂贵的教育 得出我现在想搬到希达尔的结论 |
| 113 | I know part of my role here tonight is to introduce the speakers and to talk to their bio | 我知道今晚我的一部分任务 就是介绍演讲者 和他们的生物 |
| 114 | But also to give a subtle roasting of them and I want to start by saying Sheetal | 但同时也要给它们一个细腻的烤肉 我想先说希达尔 |
| 115 | It's incredibly difficult to roast your resume. | 烤你的履历太难了 |
| 116 | You are a digital rights advocate | 你是数字维权律师 |
| 117 | You've worked with the you know, you've worked with the UN, but I think it's also important to say the only joke | 你曾经与你认识的人合作过, 你曾与联合国合作过, 但我认为说唯一的笑话也很重要 |
| 118 | I can make about your resume. | 我可以做你的简历。 |
| 119 | It's nothing to do with your resume. | 与你的简历无关. |
| 120 | It's international law itself right now is the real joke | 这是国际法本身 现在才是真正的笑话 |
| 121 | Professor Kate Lacey, you're a professor of media and communications known for research on media the cultural history of broadcasting and listening | 凯特·莱西教授 你是媒体和通讯的教授 研究媒体 广播和倾听的文化史 |
| 122 | only a woman could specialize in that and | 只有女人能专门研究 |
| 123 | Finally, dr. Damien Tampany now actually I was gonna make a joke about you being the token white man here tonight | 终于,达米安·坦帕尼博士 其实我本来要开玩笑的 你今晚是白种人 |
| 124 | Thank you so much for that quota that you've met | 谢谢你的配额,你见过 |
| 125 | But we actually had a great dinner conversation | 但是我们实际上有一个伟大的晚餐谈话 |
| 126 | I think you're one of the only older white men that I've found mostly political agreement on so it's a really special evening for me | 我认为你是唯一一个 白人男人,我发现大部分 政治协议 所以这是一个非常特殊的夜晚对我来说 |
| 127 | Tonight here folks | 今晚这里,各位 |
| 128 | Today the opposition is going to establish the inability of states to operate these platforms | 今天反对派将确定 国家无法运行这些平台 |
| 129 | Articulating the risk of political capture and speaking to instances of private companies shielding populations from authoritarian governments | 说明政治抓捕的风险,并谈到私营公司保护人民免遭独裁政府之害的情况 |
| 130 | But it's not simply enough to justify the status quo | 但光是维持现状还不够 |
| 131 | Especially when the status quo looks like tech bros lining up to lick the feet of a fascist in the White House | 特别是当现状看起来像技术兄弟 排队舔白宫法西斯的脚时 |
| 132 | My central argument is that social media platforms were sold to us as the great democratizers of information | 我的核心论点是 社交媒体平台被卖给我们 作为伟大的信息民主化者 |
| 133 | But it's algorithms that have not only pushed the same problems on to us | 但算法不仅给我们带来同样的问题 |
| 134 | But magnified them at a time when public trust in government has never been lower | 但当公众对政府的信任从未降低的时候, |
| 135 | The answer to reforming these hate machines is not public ownership, but independent guardrails | 改革这些仇恨机器的答案不是公有,而是独立的护卫 |
| 136 | I'm a member of Generation Z who grew up online | 我是在网络上长大的Z代的成员 |
| 137 | I know firsthand how these spaces without algorithms allowed me to access both a culture of connection | 我第一手知道这些没有算法的空间 允许我进入两个连接文化 |
| 138 | But also comparison among my friends less so Kim Kardashian | 也比较一下我的朋友,金·卡戴珊 |
| 139 | The Instagram of 2010 feels like the glory days right now | 2010年的Instagram 感觉像荣耀的日子 现在 |
| 140 | We were able to access a single stream a chronological order of posts by people we followed that we opted into | 我们能够进入一个单一的流 时间顺序,我们跟踪的人 我们选择了 |
| 141 | It was in 2016 when algorithms were introduced to serve us information | 是2016年引入算法 为我们提供信息 |
| 142 | It predetermined would benefit us and that's just not the case | 预先确定会对我们有利 但事实并非如此 |
| 143 | At first the introduction of an app that served these new this new and exciting content was perceived to be a powerful | 一开始推出一个为这些新内容服务的应用程序 被认为是一个强大的 |
| 144 | counteraction to systems of power | 对抗权力制度 |
| 145 | Information was being democratized citizen journalism was rising up | 新闻正在民主化 公民新闻正在上升 |
| 146 | Advocates built entire movements online that also meant seeing you know ads for laxative teas by supermodels | 律师在网络上建立了整个运动 也意味着你认识超模的泻茶广告 |
| 147 | But that was the price of the new world that we were living in and I was happy to pay it | 但这就是我们生活的新世界的代价 我很乐意付出 |
| 148 | While we believed that social media was a new space for the exchange of ideas the renewed public square | 虽然我们相信社交媒体是交流思想的新空间, |
| 149 | The algorithm reflects back to us the same old problems. | 算法反映了同样的老问题 |
| 150 | We were claiming to rail against | 我们声称要反抗 |
| 151 | Inflammation thrives certainty is valued expertise is discarded extremes have become our normal | 炎症愈发严重 珍贵的专业知识被抛弃 极端现象已经变得正常 |
| 152 | I know because I have firsthand experience in building a platform in this space as | 我知道,因为我有第一手经验 在这个空间建造一个平台作为 |
| 153 | The creator of a social first news commentary platform | 社会第一新闻评论平台的创建者 |
| 154 | I built a progressive political movement in Australia that was only possible because Instagram offered a rented space for me to find an audience | 我在澳大利亚建立了一个进步的政治运动 之所以可能 是因为Instagram给我租了个空间 |
| 155 | I spend every single day openly critiquing our government | 我每天都在公开抨击政府 |
| 156 | I also benefit from the protection of these privately owned platforms | 我也从这些私人平台的保护中受益 |
| 157 | Meta and tik-tok give us access to truths that the legacy media is not willing to publish | Meta和tik -tok让我们了解 遗留媒体不愿发表的真相 |
| 158 | I'm also able to speak to war crimes atrocities by the states and yes, there is suppression from these platforms | 我也能够谈论各州的战争罪暴行 是的,这些平台的镇压 |
| 159 | But it's not silencing under what public ownership could look like | 但不是在公有制的模样下沉默 |
| 160 | This debate falls into the same binary that social media loves to place us in public or private ownership | 这场辩论属于社会媒体喜欢把我们置于公共或私有地位的二进制 |
| 161 | But two truths have to exist at once | 但两个真理必须同时存在 |
| 162 | Today, I've flown here from Sydney, Australia | 今天我从澳大利亚悉尼飞过来 |
| 163 | The first place in the world to implement a social media ban for under 16 | 世界上第一个对16岁以下者实施社交媒体禁令的地方 |
| 164 | It's important to say that this is widely supported by the Australian population | 这一点很重要 澳洲民众都支持 |
| 165 | This legislative reform though has been completely ineffective the kids found a way around it in two seconds. | 但这次立法改革完全没有效果 孩子们在两秒钟内找到了一条绕道 |
| 166 | It's it's it's useless | 是没用的 |
| 167 | But our government scored political points with rushed reform that hasn't done the job in my view the policy itself doesn't matter | 但是,我们政府的政治得分 匆忙的改革 还没有完成这项工作 我认为政策本身不重要 |
| 168 | That's not the point of this | 这不是重点 |
| 169 | What matters is that they socialized a new idea a small country stood up to big tech and big tech bent | 重要的是,他们把一个新思想社会化 一个小国 站在大科技和大科技上 |
| 170 | Every platform implemented a form of age verification | 每个平台都采用了一种年龄核查方式 |
| 171 | Yes, there are major privacy concerns. | 是的,有重大隐私问题。 |
| 172 | There's a lot to work through with the policy | 政策有很多事情要做 |
| 173 | But if there's one thread that can be drawn | 但如果有一条线可以画 |
| 174 | It's the confirmation that our governments can force the tech bros to do things that go against their bottom line | 我们的政府可以强迫科技兄弟 做一些违背他们底线的事情 |
| 175 | The real question then is what independent guardrail would protect citizens and diversify our usage? | 那么真正的问题是,什么独立的护卫会保护公民,使我们的使用多样化? |
| 176 | Another Australian and an Oxford graduate has the answer for that | 另一个澳大利亚人和一个牛津毕业生对此有答案 |
| 177 | Chanel contos and her organization teach us consent have argued for a feature that makes algorithms and opt-in function | 香奈尔康托斯和她的组织 教导我们同意 已经论证了一个功能 使算法和选择进入功能 |
| 178 | Applying a lens of informed consent to the media | 对媒体采用知情同意的镜头 |
| 179 | We consume giving users the ability to opt back into the Instagram of 2010 the golden era a | 我们消费让用户有能力选择回到2010年的Instagram 黄金时代 a |
| 180 | Chronicle a chronological ordering of people you have chosen to follow | 按时间顺序排列你选择跟随的人 |
| 181 | Not a stream of extreme information where dangerous content is forced down our throats for clicks and ultimately the bottom line for these | 不是一流的极端信息 危险的内容 被迫在我们的喉咙 点击并最终 底线 |
| 182 | Institutions and the individuals at the top of them in all of the toxicity the power and the games | 机构和个人的顶端 在所有的毒性 力量和游戏 |
| 183 | There is an argument to be made that social media is a positive space for connection and learning | 社会媒体是连接和学习的积极空间, |
| 184 | Bands are circumvented content removal is blanketed as limiting free speech | 带子被绕过 内容删除被覆盖 限制言论自由 |
| 185 | But enabling individuals to choose how they experience these platforms is regulation for good | 但让个人能够选择如何体验这些平台 是监管永远 |
| 186 | The solution is not small government acts for political point-scoring | 解决的不是政府小行为, |
| 187 | But regulatory models which impose a legal obligation on platforms to protect users from harm and give them back the choice | 但监管模式规定平台有法律义务保护用户免受伤害,并让他们重新做出选择 |
| 188 | choice choices actually that | 选择,实际上 |
| 189 | Impact my business very poorly in my bottom line as someone that operates in this space that wants to change the world that wants to | 影响我的生意 在我的底线 一个人运行 在这个空间 想要改变的世界 |
| 190 | Make progressive movements popular and the center of conversations again. | 让进步运动更加流行,再次成为对话的中心. |
| 191 | This goes against my belief | 这违背了我的信念 |
| 192 | It goes against my ability to engage people to get a new audience, but it doesn't matter | 这违背了我的能力 与人们接触 获得新的观众, 但没关系 |
| 193 | Please follow me at cheek media Co | 请跟我在脸颊媒体公司 |
| 194 | That's the only way I'm going to do this now because I'm advocating for a world where I'm not pushing myself out for the benefit | 我现在要这么做的唯一办法 因为我主张的是一个 |
| 195 | Of the algorithm. | 这个算法 |
| 196 | I'd rather we all be in a safer more humane environment. | 我宁愿我们都生活在一个更安全的更人道的环境中. |
| 197 | Thank you | 谢谢 |
| 198 | Thank you, thank you madam president ladies and gentlemen | 谢谢,女士们,先生们 |
| 199 | Let me start with an obvious point in modern societies | 让我从现代社会的一个明显点开始 |
| 200 | We have long accepted as a basic rule that when a powerful industry exerts | 我们早就接受为一条基本规则,即当一个强大的工业发挥 |
| 201 | Harm and influence we introduce the governance structures that protect the public and promote its interest | 我们引入了保护公众和促进公众利益的治理结构 |
| 202 | Consider tobacco now when the links between cancer and smoking became inevitable | 现在考虑烟草 当癌症和吸烟的联系变得不可避免 |
| 203 | governments introduced | 引进的政府 |
| 204 | licensing laws advertising bans and warning labels and strong regulation the industry did not disappear it simply could not act without public | 颁发许可证法 广告 禁止和警告标签 和强有力的监管 行业并没有消失 它不能采取行动 没有公开 |
| 205 | accountability or | 问责制或 |
| 206 | alcohol we also impose | 酒,我们也加了 |
| 207 | Taxes and licensing laws and other limits | 税收和许可法及其他限制 |
| 208 | So look at social media | 所以看看社交媒体 |
| 209 | platforms operated by just a few | 仅由几个运行的平台 |
| 210 | companies such as meta X and tik-tok influence the daily lives emotions and indeed our behaviors and | 公司如meta X和tik-tok 影响日常生活 情绪,实际上我们的行为和 |
| 211 | unlike social unlike | 不同的社会 |
| 212 | addictive substances these | 这些致瘾物质 |
| 213 | systems operate through opaque algorithms that are driven only by advertising revenue and shareholder profit and | 系统通过不透明的算法运作,而这种算法的驱动力只是广告收入和股东利润, |
| 214 | Their goal is simple. | 他们的目标很简单。 |
| 215 | It is simply to maximize revenue is simply to maximize engagement at any cost | 实现收入最大化就是不惜任何代价最大限度地参与 |
| 216 | So we have created one of the most powerful human behavioral influence systems and we have left its governance in the hands of a few | 因此,我们创造了一个最强大的 人类行为影响系统 我们把它的管理权 交给少数人 |
| 217 | Now we know these harms are no longer something that we make up | 现在我们知道这些伤害已经不是我们所弥补的了 |
| 218 | We've all experienced them and we know that they are resulting in increased | 我们都经历过,我们知道 他们正在导致增加 |
| 219 | suicide | 自杀 |
| 220 | And depression anxiety and in isolation | 忧郁和孤独 |
| 221 | So we should break this down into two types of harms because this is really the key point the scale of the harm at an | 因此,我们应该将它细分为两种类型的伤害,因为这确实是伤害规模的关键点。 |
| 222 | Individual level of course we know that vulnerable young people are being pushed to suicide content to self-harm content | 个人层面,我们当然知道,弱势的年轻人正被推向自杀内容以达到自我伤害的内容. |
| 223 | We know that the manosphere is blossoming | 我们知道曼诺斯圈正在开花 |
| 224 | people are being pushed towards | 人们被推向 |
| 225 | Radicalization and misogyny and that is being normalized now these | 激进化和厌恶女性的现象正在正常化。 |
| 226 | Accidents these outcomes are not accidents as we know they are the predictable result of algorithms at the societal level | 意外 这些结果不是意外 因为我们知道它们是社会层面算法的可预见结果 |
| 227 | We are all becoming increasingly addicted to to social media and the result is the attention economy where the focus | 我们越来越沉迷于社交媒体 结果是关注经济 |
| 228 | the commodity is human focus the average person now spends | 商品是人类的焦点 现在平均人花 |
| 229 | Hours online and there was a no accountability for this | 数小时的网络上,没有责任 |
| 230 | So the evidence is that social media | 所以证据是社交媒体 |
| 231 | Systematically distorts our perception we now know thanks to independent research that social media platforms including X and tik-tok | 由于独立研究,包括X和tik-tok在内的社交媒体平台,系统扭曲了我们现在所知道的看法。 |
| 232 | Have systematically distorted political information flows so that even people who don't | 系统扭曲了政治信息流通,以至于即使没有 |
| 233 | profess certain parts and views are shown far-right content including before elections which are critical times for our democracy | 表明某些部分和观点的内容非常正确,包括在选举之前,这是我国民主的关键时期。 |
| 234 | So leaving social media ownership in the hands of a few is | 因此,把社交媒体所有权交给少数人掌握 |
| 235 | Ultimately undermining the very integrity of our democracies so the question for us here is when | 最终会破坏我们民主的完整 所以这里我们的问题是 |
| 236 | Systems like this exert this much influence. | 像这样的系统产生了如此大的影响。 |
| 237 | How can we not ensure that they are under public control? | 我们怎能不确保他们受到公众控制? |
| 238 | Opponents will argue that perhaps this will shape free expression and public discourse, but this ultimately ignores how power | 反对者会认为,这或许会塑造自由表达和公开言论,但这最终忽视了权力。 |
| 239 | operates in our society | 在我们的社会中运作 |
| 240 | There are millions of people including women and marginalized groups who cannot | 数百万人,包括妇女和边缘化群体,不能 |
| 241 | Actively participate on social media because of the harms that they experience because of the bias the exclusion in fact | 积极参与社交媒体,因为他们因为偏见而受到伤害,事实上被排斥 |
| 242 | Many remove themselves entirely from these platforms which violates their right to equal participation in public and private life | 许多人完全脱离这些侵犯他们平等参与公共和私人生活权利的纲领。 |
| 243 | So you might ask well, what is a democratic structure? | 你可能会问得好,什么是民主结构? |
| 244 | How will we ensure that creativity is at the center and innovation and freedom of expression for the millions for the many who are | 我们如何确保创造力成为中心,以及数百万人的创新和言论自由成为许多人的焦点? |
| 245 | actually locked out | 其实被锁在外面 |
| 246 | Well platforms can operate as public infrastructure | 良好的平台可以作为公共基础设施运作 |
| 247 | Cooperatives or nonprofit foundations their algorithms should be public and auditable | 合作社或非营利基金会的算法应当是公开的和可审计的 |
| 248 | And also there should be oversight councils and advisory boards that ensure that they operate for the public interest | 还应有监督理事会和咨询委员会,确保它们为公共利益运作。 |
| 249 | Data sovereignty requires that we each have control over our own data. | 数据主权要求我们各自控制自己的数据. |
| 250 | Why not ensure that regulation | 何不确保这个条例 |
| 251 | Requires social media networks are decentralized and interoperable | 要求社交媒体网络分散和互操作 |
| 252 | By law, this is not a question of whether or not we can or should do it | 根据法律,这不是我们是否能够或应该这样做的问题 |
| 253 | It is a question of whether we can imagine something better where each of us is in control and not just a few | 这是一个问题,我们是否可以想象一些更好的事情 在那里,我们每个人都在控制,而不只是少数 |
| 254 | We know that in the past harms have resulted | 我们知道过去已经造成了伤害 |
| 255 | From as I said tobacco alcohol and also we know there are powerful industries like broadcasting media that we realized | 正如我所说的 烟酒,我们也知道 有强大的行业 像广播媒体,我们意识到 |
| 256 | Exerted huge control over our thought systems on our behavior. | 对我们的行为的思维系统施加了巨大的控制。 |
| 257 | What we did is we changed things | 我们所做的就是改变一切 |
| 258 | We ensure that that the public had control and that is why we need to do that | 我们保证公众有控制权 这就是为什么我们需要这样做 |
| 259 | Now we need to think differently. | 现在我们需要不同的思考。 |
| 260 | We need to ensure that ownership is | 我们需要确保所有权是 |
| 261 | Democratic that cannot happen with the current system. | 民主是不能在现行制度下发生的。 |
| 262 | It cannot happen through simple tinkering | 它不会通过简单的修补发生 |
| 263 | Through laws that benefit the few we must be more radical and there is only | 通过有利于少数人的法律 我们必须更加激进,只有 |
| 264 | One question for us. | 我们有一个问题 |
| 265 | Will the many benefit or the few so I put it to this house that private media | 多少好处或多少好处 所以我把它在这个房子 私人媒体 |
| 266 | Companies social media companies must be brought under public ownership. | 必须将公司社会媒体公司置于公共所有之下。 |
| 267 | Thank you | 谢谢 |
| 268 | Next invite the second speaker for side opposition. | 接下来请第二位发言人发言。 |
| 269 | Thank you very much for the opportunity to speak | 非常感谢你给我这个机会 |
| 270 | I'm going to take a slightly different view | 我将采取一个稍微不同的观点 |
| 271 | So I will make three points and give a number of different examples of why you really really don't want public | 所以我要举三点 举几个不同的例子 说明你为什么真的不想公开 |
| 272 | Ownership of social media and that they should be in private hands to benefit us and protect freedom and democracy | 社会媒体的所有权以及它们应掌握在私人手中以造福我们和保护自由和民主 |
| 273 | the first point | 第一点 |
| 274 | India and China which we haven't really talked about so much before | 印度和中国,我们以前没说过这么多 |
| 275 | Both have quite a few tech billionaires that are mentioned in the proposition | 两个都有很多技术亿万富翁 在提案中提到 |
| 276 | they have | 他们有 |
| 277 | Those billionaires have social tech companies social media companies | 那些亿万富翁有社交科技公司 社交媒体公司 |
| 278 | But the role of I would argue privately held mainly American | 但我认为这个角色主要是美国人 |
| 279 | Social media companies play a crucial role in India and China. | 社会媒体公司在印度和中国发挥着至关重要的作用。 |
| 280 | Why? | 为什么? |
| 281 | in India | 在印度 |
| 282 | Mr. Modi can threaten | 莫迪先生可以威胁 |
| 283 | newspapers | 报纸 |
| 284 | He can threaten journalists and lock them up | 他可以威胁记者,把他们关起来 |
| 285 | Newspapers and broadcast tv have been very ineffective oppositions | 报纸和电视广播都是无效的反对者 |
| 286 | He can't really threaten youtube | 他不能真的威胁你 |
| 287 | Whatsapp and the like | 苹果之类的 |
| 288 | Now you might reply he shut down tick tock | 现在,你可以回答他关闭 滴答 |
| 289 | But that was actually mainly because tick tock was a kind of seen as a chinese-backed company | 但其实这主要是因为 滴答是中国支持的公司 |
| 290 | And it wasn't very successful either because lots of other companies mainly american took the share of tick tock in india | 也不是很成功 因为很多其他公司 主要是美国公司 |
| 291 | So that wasn't a great success | 所以,这不是一个伟大的成功 |
| 292 | in the last few | 最后几个 |
| 293 | elections in india | 印地安人选举 |
| 294 | American private social media companies have been one of the few sources of opposition | 美国私营社交媒体公司是少数反对来源之一 |
| 295 | Against modi's domination of the media | 反对莫迪对媒体的统治 |
| 296 | There were youtube comedians interviews with congress opposition politicians | 有Youtube喜剧演员采访国会反对派政治人物 |
| 297 | people mobilizing private whatsapp groups and more | 人们动员私人的什么应用团体等等 |
| 298 | even x | 甚至连X |
| 299 | twitter which I think many of us don't really like anymore | 推特,我觉得我们很多人都不喜欢了 |
| 300 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}现在一直战斗 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}直到印度最高法院 | |
| 301 | Challenging the government's lack of accountability in taking down posts | 挑战政府在撤职方面缺乏问责制 |
| 302 | Let's hope that the case gets heard in the courts | 希望法庭能审理此案 |
| 303 | in china | 在中国 |
| 304 | Estimates are that between 10 and 30 percent of chinese citizens use virtual private networks vpns to access content | 估计有10%至30%的中国公民使用虚拟私人网络访问内容 |
| 305 | Beyond the great firewall | 在防火墙之外 |
| 306 | Now you might think well, they're just doing it to watch harry potter | 现在也许你觉得很好, 他们这样做只是为了看哈瑞陶特 |
| 307 | Or maybe they're going to watch the oscars this weekend or something like that | 也许他们周末会看奥斯卡之类的 |
| 308 | Well, in fact, I think this is a lifeline for political dissidents in china | 事实上,我认为这是中国政治异见分子的命脉 |
| 309 | There was a video posted in china in 2015 | 2015年在中国有一段视频发布 |
| 310 | When beijing and other cities were still under great clouds of pollution | 当北京和其他城市 仍然被大云污染时 |
| 311 | And it was called under the dome it we it it was watched more than 150 million times | 它被称作穹顶下 我们被观看了超过1.5亿次 |
| 312 | Then the government decided to shut it down because it was getting a little bit dicey | 之后政府决定关闭它,因为它变得有点快 |
| 313 | On youtube you can still watch that video and I think many chinese citizens do | 在YouTube上你还可以看那段视频 我认为很多中国公民都这样 |
| 314 | And I think therefore I would say | 所以我想我会说 |
| 315 | To india and china we could add a whole | 在印地安和中国,我们可以加一个整体 |
| 316 | Range of other things that have happened in recent years black lives matter me too | 近些年来发生的其他事情 黑人生活对我也很重要 |
| 317 | I think in iran at the moment. | 我想现在在伊兰 |
| 318 | There are many people accessing telegram | 有很多人收到电报 |
| 319 | Instagram and so on in order to find out what's happening to their country during war | 为了了解战时他们国家的情况, |
| 320 | So I think this is a lifeline again when push comes to shove | 所以,我想这是一条生命线 再次当推来推去 |
| 321 | Do you really want these privately owned social media companies controlled in some way by government? | 你真的希望这些私有社交媒体公司以某种方式被政府控制? |
| 322 | I don't | 我没有 |
| 323 | the second point | 第二点 |
| 324 | Some of you will have heard that there's been a recent fight between anthropic the ai company and the trump administration | 你们中有些人会听说 最近慈善公司和王权政府之间发生了争吵 |
| 325 | Anthropic is known for the clawed large language models | Anthropic以爪状大语言模型著称 |
| 326 | Of course that may not be known to oxford students who only use open ai for their assessments, but that's another matter | 当然,奥福德的学生可能不知道 他们只使用开放的AI来评估, 但这是另一个问题 |
| 327 | But in any case | 但无论如何 |
| 328 | I think this is a really really important case | 我觉得这案子很重要 |
| 329 | why | 为什么 |
| 330 | The the way in which anthropic made its case was twofold one was about military applications and autonomous weapons | 人类的辩护方式有两个方面:军事用途和自主武器。 |
| 331 | That's not of concern this evening here | 今晚这不关你的事 |
| 332 | But the other | 但另一个 |
| 333 | Was that anthropic wanted to prevent the u.s. Government from using its ai to exercise surveillance | 那个人类想阻止我们 政府不利用其ai进行监视 |
| 334 | over its own domestic american population | 美国国内人口 |
| 335 | What does that have to do with social media? | 这和社交媒体有什么关系? |
| 336 | You might ask | 你可以问 |
| 337 | Well, the vast bulk of ai data is actually social media data | 大量AI数据其实是社交媒体数据 |
| 338 | So take the example | 所以举个例子 |
| 339 | Could be a mild-mannered oxford professor with a woolly kind of middle middle of the road | 可能是个温和的牛福德教授 中间有羊毛 |
| 340 | Political views | 政治观点 |
| 341 | Surely that can't harm that particular individual | 这肯定不会伤害到那个个人 |
| 342 | The point is that ai might actually find out in this case the woolly professor being me | 重点是Ai可能会发现 羊毛学教授是我 |
| 343 | That my main social media interactions | 我的主要社交媒体互动 |
| 344 | Are with lots of radical oxford students and professors if they still exist | 和很多激进的牛福德学生和教授在一起,如果他们还存在的话 |
| 345 | And so they might actually identify me as a political subversive | 所以他们可能真的认为我是一个政治颠覆者 |
| 346 | And in that case, I think i'd be in pretty much trouble | 那样的话,我觉得我会惹上大麻烦 |
| 347 | so | 这样 |
| 348 | If you hang out with anybody of a different political persuasion watch out ai is going to find you out | 如果你跟不同政治派别的人混在一起 小心Ai会找到你的 |
| 349 | Since anthropic is privately owned | 由于人类是私有的 |
| 350 | The trump administration I think is going to have a hard time forcing it to allow | 我认为政府会很难 迫使它允许 |
| 351 | Ai to analyze our social media data and therefore to put us under surveillance | Ai分析我们的社交媒体数据, |
| 352 | So I think again | 所以我又想起来了 |
| 353 | speaking for private ownership | 个人所有权 |
| 354 | a third point | 第三个点 |
| 355 | A current slogan in a again in relation to ai is | 与ai有关的当前口号是 |
| 356 | Socialize the data centers, right? | 将数据中心社会化,对吧? |
| 357 | That would be a great idea | 那会是个好主意 |
| 358 | In fact, I think it would be a terrible idea and not just because of energy. | 事实上,我认为这是一个可怕的主意,而不只是因为精力。 |
| 359 | I mean in relation to energy again | 我的意思是,对于能量再次 |
| 360 | That's a separate point which doesn't concern us here really | 这是另外的一点 这与我们无关 |
| 361 | But again the data on which ai are currently based are to a large extent social media data | 但Ai目前的数据在很大程度上也是社交媒体数据 |
| 362 | The idea that this should be part of a commonly | 认为这应当是一个共同的 |
| 363 | Owned public infrastructure | 拥有的公共基础设施 |
| 364 | Sounds like a nice idea incidentally the slogan socialize the data centers | 顺便说一句,听起来是个好主意 口号让数据中心社交 |
| 365 | Was coined by Evgeny Morozov if you remember him in the new left review | 由埃夫根尼·莫罗佐夫(英语:Evgeny Morozov)发明,如果你在新的左派评论中记得他的话 |
| 366 | so | 这样 |
| 367 | That's where it comes from | 这就是它的起源 |
| 368 | In any case my point is do we really want the trump administration to control social data centers? | 无论如何,我的观点是,我们是否真的希望统治政府控制社会数据中心? |
| 369 | I think the opposite the | 我觉得相反 |
| 370 | Those on the opposite side would make the would make the motion | 对方会提出动议 |
| 371 | That | 那个 |
| 372 | You know | 你知道吗 |
| 373 | You would you would want public infrastructures. | 你会想要公共基础设施。 |
| 374 | We've heard that phrase several times from the other speakers | 我们从其他发言者那里听到过几次这句话 |
| 375 | I think populists around the world | 我觉得世界各地的民粹主义者 |
| 376 | Have been quite effective in even nudging public infrastructures public service companies | 在甚至取消公共基础设施公共服务公司方面都相当有效 |
| 377 | and suppressing | 打击 |
| 378 | their political ideas | 他们的政治思想 |
| 379 | So you might imagine let's say for the sake of argument we're in 2029 | 所以你可以想象一下,我们是在2029年 |
| 380 | Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Zoran Mamdani our president and vice president respectively | 亚历山德里亚·奥卡西奥-科尔特斯和佐兰·马姆达尼 |
| 381 | Surely in that case public infrastructure might not hurt us | 如果那样,公共基础设施就不会伤害我们 |
| 382 | Now let's remember now. | 现在让我们记住。 |
| 383 | Let's imagine another | 让我们想象另一个 |
| 384 | 2029 scenario | 2029年情景 |
| 385 | JD Vance has been elected president | 万斯当选总统 |
| 386 | 也许他让Kristi Noem和Stephen Miller成为副总统 | |
| 387 | and they | 他们 |
| 388 | Use ai to analyze our social media and figure out | 利用ai分析我们的社交媒体,找出 |
| 389 | That we're up to no good | 说我们做错了 |
| 390 | If that doesn't scare you now imagine 2029 | 如果这不吓到你 现在想象2029年 |
| 391 | And the good friend of of mr. Vance. | 和先生的好朋友。 万斯(原变种). |
| 392 | Mr. Nigel Farage is in is in charge of our social media data centers | Nigel Farage先生负责我们的社交媒体数据中心 |
| 393 | I'm, not sure that that's a very nice | 我,我不确定 这是一个非常好的 |
| 394 | Image, but I leave it for you to sleep on tonight. | 图像,但我留给你今晚睡觉。 |
| 395 | Thank you | 谢谢 |
| 396 | Our next invite the third speaker for side proposition | 我们下一位请第三位发言人做副手 |
| 397 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
| 398 | Madam president | 总统女士 |
| 399 | And good evening | 边 |
| 400 | Now there are many social ills that have been laid at the door of social media in recent years | 现在有许多社会弊端 被放置在社交媒体的门前 |
| 401 | Among them the increasing polarization of public discourse | 其中,公共言论日益两极分化 |
| 402 | So against the spirit of the times and despite the format of this debate | 所以,反对时代的精神,不顾这次辩论的形式 |
| 403 | I thought i'd start by trying to find points of agreement and common ground with the opposition | 我想先找点与反对派的共同点 |
| 404 | In the process and listening to the other side tonight | 在过程中,并听对方今晚 |
| 405 | I've come to the realization that we share so much common ground that the opposition is likely to be making many of our arguments | 我意识到我们有很多共同点 反对派可能会提出我们的许多论点 |
| 406 | For us on this side of the house | 为了我们的房子的这一边 |
| 407 | and I can say that because the opposition will no doubt and has been trying to | 我可以说,因为反对派 毫无疑问,并一直试图 |
| 408 | Persuade you that our media platform should be accountable to the public and independent from the government of the day | 说服你 我们的媒体平台应该对公众负责 独立于当日的政府 |
| 409 | That we need to ensure plurality and diversity in our communication systems | 我们需要确保我们通信系统的多元性和多样性 |
| 410 | That we need to enable technological and cultural innovation | 我们需要促进技术和文化创新 |
| 411 | And that we need to protect the freedom of speech | 我们需要保护言论自由 |
| 412 | So far so good no debate | 至今为止没有辩论 |
| 413 | Rest assured that those are the positions that we are also taking on this side of the house grounded as they are | 请放心,这些立场也是我们正采取的立场。 |
| 414 | In ideals of the public good and democratic virtue | 在公益和民主美德的理想中 |
| 415 | But the problem for the opponents is that they will try to convince you that the best way to secure these public benefits | 但反对者的问题是,他们会试图说服你,确保这些公共利益的最佳方式。 |
| 416 | Is by entrusting them to the whims of a handful of billionaires whose commitments to do no evil | 就是把他们托付给 少数亿万富翁的幻想 他们承诺不作恶 |
| 417 | Or protect users from disinformation can change with the prevailing winds of political expediency or falling share prices | 或保护用户免受虚假信息的影响, |
| 418 | They will try to persuade you that these vital public benefits are best pursued by owners who are motivated by profit power | 他们会试图说服你,这些重要的公共福利 最好由所有者追求 他们的动机是盈利力量 |
| 419 | And self-interest rather than by the collective ideals and values of public service truth | 和自我利益,而不是 集体的理想和价值观 公共服务真理 |
| 420 | fairness and cooperation | 公平与合作 |
| 421 | They may even try to suggest that the palpable harms caused by our rather anti-social media today | 他们甚至可能试图暗示 我们的反社会媒体 造成的明显伤害 |
| 422 | Could be mitigated simply by better regulation tomorrow | 只要明天能有更好的监管 就可以减轻损失 |
| 423 | But you should read that not only as evidence of their naivety | 但你应该把这句话读出来 不仅仅是他们天真的证据 |
| 424 | But as evidence that they accept the inherent dangers of the inevitable tendency of capital to accumulate | 但作为他们接受资本积累的必然趋势的内在危险的证据 |
| 425 | of corporate power to concentrate | 公司集中权力 |
| 426 | And the logic of ever greater extraction of value in all its forms in order to feed the insatiable appetite of company shareholders | 以及以各种形式提取更多价值的逻辑 以养活公司股东的无厌欲望 |
| 427 | The opposition would have you believe that private ownership is the only defense against state monopoly | 反对派会让大家相信 私有制是对抗国家垄断的唯一理由 |
| 428 | censorship and stagnation | 检查和停滞 |
| 429 | Unluckily for them. | 对他们来说很不幸 |
| 430 | We have logic ethics and the lessons of history on our side | 我们有逻辑道德和历史的教训 |
| 431 | Let's face it the private ownership model looks pretty monopolistic and dysfunctional from where we're standing | 面对现实吧 私人所有制模式看起来很垄断 和功能失调 |
| 432 | Right now the majority of social media platforms in the uk are controlled by just three giants | 现在,大多数的社交媒体平台 由三个巨头控制 |
| 433 | google excor and meta a cartel of global companies whose reach extends far beyond their social media interests | Google 驱赶并重组了一个全球公司集团,其影响力远远超出其社交媒体利益范围 |
| 434 | In terms of revenue and influence whose power extends into every sector of society | 其权力延伸到社会各部门的收入和影响 |
| 435 | And who are big enough and opaque enough to brush off any democratic challenge to the harms they create | 和谁足够大 和不透明 来抵消任何民主挑战 他们造成的伤害 |
| 436 | That is if they haven't already literally bought themselves regulatory conditions | 也就是说,如果他们还没有真正 购买自己的管理条件 |
| 437 | From the parties in power | 执政党 |
| 438 | And that's only compounded for a country like the uk which is to say like almost every other country in the world | 对于一个像苏克这样的国家来说 这更复杂了 这可以说就像世界上几乎所有其他国家一样 |
| 439 | Where the social media landscape is almost entirely colonized by platforms that originated in | 社交媒体几乎完全被源自于 |
| 440 | answer of the interests of the increasingly authoritarian superpowers | 回应日益专制的超级大国的利益 |
| 441 | Whereas citizens we have little say and no authority | 而公民,我们没有发言权,也没有权威 |
| 442 | Together these few monstrously overgrown privately owned | 加上这些可怕的过度的私人所有 |
| 443 | Foreign media companies have produced a communications infrastructure that thrives on distraction division and intolerance | 外国媒体公司在分散注意力和不容忍行为的基础上,建立了传播基础设施。 |
| 444 | deliberately engineered to keep us hooked | 故意设计 使我们上钩 |
| 445 | Regardless of any harmful consequences that result whether psychological political social or environmental | 不论造成何种有害后果,无论是心理政治、社会还是环境 |
| 446 | What's more this land grab for our attention and our data also sucks the advertising lifeblood out of more local homegrown media | 更何况这片土地吸引了我们的关注 我们的数据也吸掉了更多本地媒体的 生命线广告 |
| 447 | Choking off the potential for real plurality and diversity in the public sphere | 挖掘公共领域真正多元化和多样性的潜力 |
| 448 | Publix are commodified as biddable and depletable resources | Publix 作为可投标和可消耗的资源进行商品化 |
| 449 | Incessant personalized feeds diminish our capacity for deliberative agency and the ethical obligation to listen out across differences | 缺乏个性化的饲料削弱了我们议事机构的能力,也削弱了我们倾听分歧的道德义务。 |
| 450 | But it didn't have to be like this | 但没必要这样 |
| 451 | Think back to the joyous opening ceremony of the london 2012 olympics | 回想一下2012年伦敦奥运会的欢乐开幕式 |
| 452 | Where amidst the celebration of the diversity and creativity of british culture the stadium was lit up with the words. | 在庆祝英国文化的多样性和创造力时,体育场被点亮了文字。 |
| 453 | This is for everyone | 这是给大家的 |
| 454 | These are the famous words of tim berners-lee who in the early 90s coded the worldwide web in his office at cern | 这些是Tim Berners -lee的名言 他在90年代早期 在Cern的办公室编码了全球网络 |
| 455 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}然后把它免费送给世界 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}相信它只有为每个人服务 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}它才会有效 | |
| 456 | It was an epoch-defining technological breakthrough produced in a public institution funded in the spirit of international post-war collaboration | 这是一个具有划时代意义的技术突破,由一个公共机构本着国际战后合作的精神提供资金。 |
| 457 | Sadly the wide open networked pastures of the web about which hannah is so nostalgic | 可悲的是,网络上的广阔的网状草场 汉纳如此怀旧 |
| 458 | Have long since been almost entirely captured and enclosed for private profit | 很久以来,几乎完全被俘虏并被囚禁,以谋取私利。 |
| 459 | Platform users have increasingly surveyed and controlled and the breathless optimism that greeted the democratizing potential of the new media | 平台用户越来越多地调查和控制新媒体的民主化潜力,以及令人喘息的乐观情绪。 |
| 460 | Is just a distant memory | 只是一个遥远的记忆 |
| 461 | But even if optimism is in short supply, we must not lose hope | 但即使乐观不足,我们也不能失去希望 |
| 462 | History gives us plentiful examples of pro-social independent and publicly owned media | 历史为我们提供了大量支持社会独立和公有媒体的例子。 |
| 463 | Not least the bbc | 连BBC都不行 |
| 464 | Which let's remember first emerged as a response to the unregulated chaos of american commercial radio in the 1920s | 让我们记住,第一次出现 作为对1920年代美国商业广播的混乱的反应 |
| 465 | And as a novel experiment to use state resources | 作为利用国家资源的新实验 |
| 466 | To invest in new technologies and create favorable conditions for private enterprise | 投资于新技术并为私营企业创造有利条件; |
| 467 | By lucky accident, it was also indelibly shaped by the self-transformative | 幸运的是,它也是不可磨灭的 由自我转化 |
| 468 | Conviction to operate in the service of the public | 为公众服务而犯罪 |
| 469 | Over the last century the bbc has done more than just inform educate and entertain the nation | 在上个世纪里,bbc所做的不仅仅是教育 和娱乐国家 |
| 470 | It has also been an engine house of technological and cultural invention | 它也是技术和文化发明的引擎库 |
| 471 | Its protected income has enabled investment in radical and experimental content | 其保护性收入使得能够投资于激进和实验内容 |
| 472 | humanitarian outreach and the development of pioneering innovations like cfax the bbc microcomputer digital audio broadcasting and the eye player | 人道主义外联和开发开拓性创新,如cfax bbc微型计算机数字音频广播和眼睛播放器 |
| 473 | In other words though by no means perfect as an independent public corporation | 换句话说,尽管绝不是一个独立的公营公司完美无缺的。 |
| 474 | It has time and again responded or even been in the vanguard of social and technological change | 它一再响应,甚至成为社会和技术变革的先锋 |
| 475 | It's nurtured new media literacies developed new talent and opened up new markets | 培养了新媒体 培养了新人才 开拓了新市场 |
| 476 | And it remains the only british media platform of any note on the global stage | 它仍然是全球舞台上唯一一个英国媒体平台 |
| 477 | Even more importantly though through its shortcomings as much as through its successes | 更重要的是,通过它的缺点和成功 |
| 478 | It has helped define ways of organizing public communication intended not to extract as much profit as possible from the few | 它帮助确定了组织公共传播的方式,目的是不从少数人那里获取尽可能多的利润。 |
| 479 | But to nurture protect and sustain civil society for the many | 但为许多人培养保护和保持民间社会 |
| 480 | Now we don't have to pretend that everything in the public service media garden is rosy in order to win this argument tonight | 现在,我们不必假装 公共服务媒体花园里的一切是 玫瑰花样,以便赢得今晚的争论 |
| 481 | Because the indisputable point we're making is that public ownership allows for real democratic scrutiny | 因为无可争议的要点是 公有制允许真正的民主审查 |
| 482 | Genuine accountability and the possibility of civic minded reform | 真正的问责制和公民思想改革的可能性 |
| 483 | No wonder the bbc comes under such attack from the foot soldiers of the brolligarchy | 难怪BBC受到兄弟会士兵的攻击 |
| 484 | But the bbc model is not the only alternative to private ownership | 但bbc模式并不是私人所有的唯一选择 |
| 485 | Much of the diversity of our current media landscape is a result of the work of community-led and participatory media of every size and shape | 我们当前媒体的多样化在很大程度上是各种规模和形式的社区主导和参与性媒体工作的结果。 |
| 486 | Working in the shadows of the private monopolies to carve out spaces of genuine connection and collaboration | 在私人垄断的阴影下努力开拓真正联系和合作的空间 |
| 487 | In the service of free expression and public interest | 为言论自由和公共利益服务 |
| 488 | I refer you to the work of the media reform coalition | 我介绍一下媒体改革联盟的工作 |
| 489 | And the manifesto for a public service internet as just two of the many initiatives working on realistic democratic and decentralized | 而关于公共服务互联网的宣言 仅仅作为许多倡议中的两个 致力于现实的民主和分散 |
| 490 | alternatives to the absurdities and dangers of our current arrangements | 我们目前安排的荒谬之处和危险 |
| 491 | Social media platforms are part of the basic infrastructure of our democracies | 社会媒体平台是我们民主政体基本基础设施的一部分 |
| 492 | The flow of information just as vital to healthy living as clean fresh water | 信息流动与清洁淡水一样对健康生活至关重要 |
| 493 | Oh, but wait | 哦,不过等等 |
| 494 | Of course the privatized water companies are also incentivized to run down the public infrastructure and pump poisonous sewage into our environment | 当然,私有化的供水公司也鼓励公共基础设施倒塌,并向我们的环境注入有毒污水。 |
| 495 | So remember as you cast your vote this evening that we are putting forward this motion to end private ownership of the | 所以记住,当您投票 今晚,我们正在提出这个动议 结束私人拥有 |
| 496 | Infrastructural platforms not to end private enterprise or commercial funding nor to put any new limits on the freedoms of expression | 基础设施平台不终止私营企业或商业融资,也不对言论自由施加任何新的限制 |
| 497 | The motion aims rather to protect those things and to untether the truly social promise of digital media | 该运动旨在保护这些东西,并解开数字媒体的真正社会承诺。 |
| 498 | In the end the case we are making is a simple one | 归根结底,我们做的这个案子很简单 |
| 499 | That the platform so crucial to every aspect of our social political civic and cultural life | 这个平台对我们社会政治、公民和文化生活的各个方面都至关重要 |
| 500 | Should no longer remain as private fiefdoms, but be held in common for the public good | 不应再作为私人领地,而应为了公共利益而共同持有 |
| 501 | Accountable to the people and open to all | 对人民负责并向所有人开放 |
| 502 | Time for the people to take back control | 是时候让人民夺回控制权了 |
| 503 | I urge this house to vote in favor of the motion | 我敦促本院投票赞成这项动议。 |
| 504 | Our next invite that our speaker for side opposition | 我们的下一个邀请,我们的发言人 边反对 |
| 505 | Thank you, madam president | 谢谢,总统夫人 |
| 506 | I agree that the giant social media companies that now track our every move | 我同意,巨型社交媒体公司 现在跟踪我们的每一步 |
| 507 | Addict our young people and pollute our public discourse are profoundly destructive | 迷惑我们的年轻人 污染我们的公开言论 具有极大的破坏性 |
| 508 | My concern is with what happens the day after an end to private ownership is proclaimed | 我关心的是私人所有权被宣布结束的第二天会发生什么 |
| 509 | If not privately owned social media will need to be publicly owned or at least publicly managed | 如果不是私有社交媒体,则需要公有或至少是公有管理 |
| 510 | But public ownership is a 20th century solution to a 21st century problem | 但公有制是20世纪解决21世纪问题的办法 |
| 511 | And the conditions necessary for public management of social media do not exist | 社会媒体公共管理的必要条件不存在 |
| 512 | Let's begin with a history lesson following world war two and extending through the 20th century | 我们从第二次世界大战开始 并延续到20世纪 |
| 513 | Both britain and france worked to nationalize key industries such efforts became deeply controversial for ideological and political reasons | 英国和法国都努力使关键行业国有化,由于意识形态和政治原因,这些努力引起很大争议。 |
| 514 | But their history teaches us two relatively clear lessons | 但是他们的历史教给我们两个相对清楚的教训 |
| 515 | First to successfully nationalize an industry the state needs to be able to define the industry and institute control over its key inputs and outputs | 首先,要成功地将一个行业国有化,国家需要能够界定该行业,并对其关键投入和产出实行控制。 |
| 516 | Second the state needs to be able to operate the activity successfully as a public endeavor in the case of social media | 第二,国家需要能够成功地开展这项活动,作为社会媒体的公共努力。 |
| 517 | Neither is remotely achievable | 也不可能实现 |
| 518 | So on the first point in both britain and france the most successful nationalization efforts involved infrastructure industries that were also natural monopolies | 因此,在英国和法国的第一点,最成功的国有化努力涉及基础设施产业,这些产业也是自然垄断。 |
| 519 | For example coal mining electricity production and nuclear energy | 例如煤矿发电和核能 |
| 520 | British efforts to nationalize transport were much messier | 英国将运输国有化的努力更是混乱 |
| 521 | Railways compete with highways and waterways each uses different infrastructures and all must provide for both freight and passenger services | 铁路与高速公路和水道竞争,各使用不同的基础设施,所有铁路都必须提供货运和客运服务 |
| 522 | The british transport commission tried its hardest to understand and predict usage patterns | 英国运输委员会试图最难理解和预测使用模式 |
| 523 | But there were just too many moving parts and the relevant technologies were changing too rapidly | 但移动部件太多 相关技术变化太快 |
| 524 | In less than two decades the effort had failed the assets had been transferred to other owners and the commission had been abolished | 在不到20年的时间里,这项努力失败了,资产被转移到其他所有者手中,委员会被废除。 |
| 525 | Let's now consider social media even defining what ought to qualify as social media is impossible | 现在,让我们考虑社交媒体 甚至定义什么应该是社交媒体是不可能的 |
| 526 | YouTube is a social media company sure | YouTube是一家社交媒体公司 |
| 527 | But what about the rest of google google search uses social information to rank search results | 但Google搜索的其余部分使用社会信息对搜索结果进行排序 |
| 528 | Google gemini uses social information to help determine source reliability | Google Gemini 利用社会信息帮助确定源的可靠性 |
| 529 | Google scholar uses citation metrics to determine relevance, but is any of that the same thing? | Google 学者使用引用度量衡来确定相关性,但其中是否有任何相同的东西? |
| 530 | Are the gaming platforms Microsoft and roblox on which researchers have documented extremist efforts to recruit and radicalize very young children | 是微软和Roblox的游戏平台 研究人员记录了极端 招募和激进化非常年幼的儿童 |
| 531 | also social media companies | 还有社交媒体公司 |
| 532 | In an era in which many businesses depend on extracting and monetizing social data | 在一个许多企业依赖社会数据提取和货币化的时代 |
| 533 | Nearly all digital technology companies are social media companies to one extent or another | 几乎所有数字技术公司都是某种程度的社交媒体公司. |
| 534 | But proclaiming public ownership and public management of the entire social web is plainly infeasible | 但是,宣布整个社会网络的公共所有权和公共管理显然是不可行的 |
| 535 | And regardless of what definition is chosen there will be private workarounds that those charged with enforcing the law will struggle to categorize | 无论选择什么定义, 都会有私人工作, 负责执法的人会挣扎 分类 |
| 536 | Assuming that some plausible definition can be arrived at the proposition also presumes that social media can be operated and controlled within | 假设在提案中可以得出某种合理的定义,也假定社会媒体可以在 |
| 537 | International boundaries this would be necessary to avoid incursions by privately owned social media companies located elsewhere | 为了避免私营社交媒体公司在其他地方的侵入,有必要这样做。 |
| 538 | But social media companies and other digital services companies now operate within distributed digital supply chains that are transnational and global | 但社交媒体公司和其他数字服务公司现在在跨国和全球性的分布式数字供应链中运作。 |
| 539 | Countries with a small number of internet backbone nodes such as china saudi arabia or turkey | 拥有少量互联网骨干节点的国家,如中国的saudi arabia或火鸡 |
| 540 | Can institute choke points and use them to control content flows britain is not such a country nor is the u.s | 能否设置阻塞点并用它们来控制内容流量,不是这样一个国家,也不是美国。 |
| 541 | So incursions by and competition from privately owned social media companies will be impossible to prevent | 因此,私人社交媒体公司的入侵和竞争将无法防止 |
| 542 | So to sum up on the first point the state cannot define what counts as social media nor can it institute control over key inputs and outputs | 因此,总结一下第一点,国家不能定义什么是社交媒体,也不能控制关键投入和产出。 |
| 543 | Moving on to the second point capacity to operate the target industry successfully as a public endeavor is essential | 继续提高第二点能力,使目标行业成功运作,以此作为一项公共努力,这一点至关重要。 |
| 544 | Many nationalization efforts have failed this test some failures were politically over determined | 许多国有化努力都未能通过这一测试,有些失败在政治上已经过定 |
| 545 | So for example the last two decades of nationalized coal mining in britain were violent and disruptive because governments | 例如,在过去20年中, 国有化的煤矿开采 在布里坦是暴力和破坏性的,因为政府 |
| 546 | Ideologically committed to privatization pursued policies of brinksmanship in their dealings with organized labor | 意识形态上致力于私有化,在与有组织劳工打交道时奉行边缘政策。 |
| 547 | In other cases though governments simply failed to navigate the demands of the relevant industry | 在其他情况下,虽然政府根本未能满足相关行业的需求 |
| 548 | Here the french efforts to develop computing architectures with distinctly french characteristics come to mind for three decades | 30年来,法国为开发具有明显法国特色的计算架构所作的努力被人们所铭记 |
| 549 | France attempted to develop mainframe computing prototypes repeating the same errors over and over again | 法国试图开发主机计算原型,反复重复同样的错误 |
| 550 | Those in charge rejected scientific and technical dialogue with leading researchers in other countries | 负责人拒绝与其他国家的主要研究人员进行科学和技术对话 |
| 551 | Because that would interfere with the goal of developing a computer that had distinctly french characteristics | 因为这会妨碍开发具有法国特色的计算机的目标 |
| 552 | They rejected plans to source key components from abroad for the same reason | 出于同样的原因,他们拒绝了从国外获取关键部件的计划。 |
| 553 | And they subjected their chosen private sector partners to burdens and financial restrictions rather than laying the groundwork to help them succeed | 他们让自己选择的私营部门伙伴承受负担和财政限制,而不是为帮助他们成功奠定基础。 |
| 554 | France lost the computing race and billions in public investment were wasted | 法国输掉了计算竞赛 浪费了数十亿的公共投资 |
| 555 | Let's consider now social media | 现在考虑一下社交媒体 |
| 556 | Effective public management would need to perform two functions that social media's current companies currently undertake on a self-regulatory | 有效的公共管理需要履行两个职能,这些职能是社会媒体目前的公司目前根据自我管制承担的。 |
| 557 | Basis as well as others that they are refusing to perform at all | 他们拒绝履行的根据和其他条件 |
| 558 | First the two functions that they do self-regulatory | 首先,他们履行两项自律职能。 |
| 559 | Attempts at begin with the task of identifying harmful content such content is diverse ranging from live stream shooter videos and child sexual | 试图首先查明有害内容, |
| 560 | Abuse material to hate and harassment to coordinated and sometimes automated disinformation campaigns | 滥用材料进行仇恨和骚扰,开展协调的有时是自动化的造谣运动 |
| 561 | Some kinds of harmful content are easy to identify but others are not | 某些有害内容易于识别,但另一些则不易识别。 |
| 562 | Many of the most insidious campaigns of health hate and harassment and disinformation operate through coded language and imagery | 许多最阴险的健康仇恨、骚扰和造谣的运动都是通过密码语言和图像进行的。 |
| 563 | In a democratic society committed to freedom of expression | 在致力于言论自由的民主社会中 |
| 564 | Government government should not be responsible for collecting data on everyone's social media use and deciding what to allow and what to block | 政府不应负责收集每个人使用社交媒体的数据,并决定允许什么和阻止什么 |
| 565 | Democratic governments moreover have obligations to tolerate some amount of so-called lawful | 此外,民主政府有义务容忍一些所谓的合法行为。 |
| 566 | But awful speech for both of these reasons a public social media commission | 但因为这两个原因 发表可怕的言论 一个公共社交媒体委员会 |
| 567 | Even if a public trust or a multi-stakeholder body or some such won't solve the problem of harmful online speech | 即使公众信任或多利益攸关方机构或一些此类机构无法解决有害的网上言论问题 |
| 568 | Such a commission would have a duty to be even handed and even so it would be continually embroiled in defending itself against accusations of bias | 这样的委员会甚至有义务被移交,即使如此,它仍会不断被纠缠在对偏见的指控面前为自己辩护。 |
| 569 | Next comes the task of removing or otherwise responding to harmful content | 接着是清除或以其他方式应对有害内容的任务 |
| 570 | There are options here ranging from removal to flagging to shadow banning to account deactivation and so on | 这里有各种选择,从清除到标记到阴影禁止到账户停用等等 |
| 571 | Some decisions must be made instantaneously whilst others must merely be made very quickly | 有些决定必须立即作出,而另一些决定则必须迅速作出 |
| 572 | There must be processes for correcting mistakes and revising best practices. | 必须制定纠正错误和修订最佳做法的程序。 |
| 573 | The scale involved is massive | 规模很大 |
| 574 | Automation can help but it is into panacea among other well-documented problems automated content moderation | 自动化可以有所帮助,但它是万灵药 以及其他有文件记载的问题 自动化内容节制 |
| 575 | Reproduces pre-existing cultural and structural biases | 复制原有的文化和结构偏见 |
| 576 | It has difficulty detecting certain kinds of coded content | 它很难检测某些类型的编码内容 |
| 577 | And it performs very poorly in languages and cultures that its designers do not understand | 它在语言和文化方面的表现很差 设计者不懂 |
| 578 | To minimize these problems which can never be completely eliminated automated systems | 尽量减少无法完全消除的这些问题 |
| 579 | Therefore must be calibrated and recalibrated iteratively | 因此必须反复校准和重新校准 |
| 580 | I think we should be able to agree that getting all of this right would be a very tall order indeed | 我认为我们应该能够同意 获得所有的权利 将是一个非常高的订单 |
| 581 | For a government that has spent the last part of last decade outsourcing its health and national security data operations to american big tech companies | 对于一个在过去十年中最后一部分时间 将其健康和国家安全数据业务 外包给美国大科技公司的政府来说 |
| 582 | 包括google oracle和帕兰蒂尔. | |
| 583 | Yes. | 对 |
| 584 | I'm talking about the british government and also mine | 我说的是英国政府和我的 |
| 585 | Doing what is necessary would require a massive expansion of the public fisc the public workforce and the public digital capability | 做必要的事需要大规模扩大公共劳动力和公共数字能力。 |
| 586 | More likely critical operations would simply be outsourced to private vendors reproducing exactly the same problems that we see now | 更可能的关键业务只是外包给私人供应商,重复我们现在看到的完全相同的问题 |
| 587 | Last come the functions that social media companies are refusing to perform | 社交媒体公司拒绝履行的职能终于来了 |
| 588 | Not coincidentally, these are the functions that strike at the heart of the highly profitable behavioral advertising business model | 无意间,这些功能 打击的核心 高度盈利的行为 广告业务模式 |
| 589 | So for example, the government might seek to end feed optimization for engagement | 例如,政府可能寻求停止优化饲料,以促进参与 |
| 590 | It might ban addictive design practices. | 它可能禁止成瘾的设计做法。 |
| 591 | It might mandate chronological feed ordering | 它可能授权时间顺序 |
| 592 | It might prohibit digital ad tech models based on behavioral micro targeting | 它可能禁止基于行为微观目标的数码广告技术模型 |
| 593 | It might seek an end to the dual class stock ownership structure that tech billionaires use to operate their companies as extensions of their own personas | 它可能寻求结束双重类别股票所有权结构,技术亿万富翁利用这种结构来经营自己的公司,作为自己个人的延伸。 |
| 594 | It might institute a wealth tax or revise the competition laws to reach | 它可能会征收财富税或修订竞争法,以达到 |
| 595 | Practices under which the giant tech and ai companies buy stakes across the startup tech universe | 巨型科技公司和AI公司在创业科技领域购买股份的做法 |
| 596 | It might mandate precautionary threat modeling and mitigation | 它可能授权建立和减轻预防性威胁模型 |
| 597 | Because such regulations would address the ways that social media systems are designed and configured | 因为这些条例将涉及社会媒体系统的设计和配置方式 |
| 598 | They would be far more effective than post-hoc content removal at addressing social media's harms | 在处理社交媒体弊端方面, |
| 599 | But if you take one message away today take this one | 但是如果你今天拿走了一条消息 就拿走这个 |
| 600 | None of these activities requires public ownership or public management what they require is regulatory innovation | 这些活动不需要公共所有权或公共管理,它们需要的就是监管创新。 |
| 601 | Such innovation is far likelier to succeed if government is not distracted by having to take on massive content | 如果政府不因必须接受大量内容而分心,这种创新就更可能成功。 |
| 602 | Responsibility and then defend its own inevitably poor performance | 责任,然后为自己辩护 |
| 603 | The government wouldn't need to write on a blank slate | 政府用不着写在空白板上 |
| 604 | There are models in pharma regulation and banking regulation that might supply useful starting points | 药物监管和银行监管中有一些模式可能提供有用的起点 |
| 605 | Financial regulators as one example have broad authority to require adjustments to capital liquidity and leverage ratio ratios | 例如,金融监管机构有广泛的权力要求调整资本流动性和杠杆比率 |
| 606 | And systemically important banks are subjected to continual monitoring and supervision people on the floor 24 7 | 对系统重要的银行 24 7楼的人进行持续监测和监督 |
| 607 | We could do that for the giant tech platforms if we had the will and the model so to conclude. | 如果我们有意志和模型可以完成的话, 我们可以为巨大的技术平台这样做。 |
| 608 | Let me be clear | 让我说清楚 |
| 609 | Effective public governance of social media companies is essential | 社会媒体公司的有效公共治理至关重要 |
| 610 | Public management is simply the wrong instrument. | 公共管理只是错误的工具。 |
| 611 | Thank you | 谢谢 |
| 612 | I next invite the final speaker outside proposition to deliver | 我下面请最后一名外聘演讲人 |
| 613 | Thank you, ladies and gentlemen friends colleagues, uh, thank you for the opportunity to speak today | 谢谢各位先生女士 朋友们 感谢各位今天给我机会 |
| 614 | I just want to start by | 我只想从头开始 |
| 615 | um | 垛 |
| 616 | Just clarifying a few things about the proposition that I think the opposition have | 只是澄清一些事情 关于这个提案 我认为反对派有 |
| 617 | mistaken regrettably | 很遗憾 |
| 618 | um | 垛 |
| 619 | The um, i'll also address a few of the points that they made | 嗯,我也会谈谈 他们提出的几点 |
| 620 | we're not proposing | 我们不是提议 |
| 621 | a | (单位:千美元) |
| 622 | state ownership of social media | 社会媒体的国家所有权 |
| 623 | in india | 印地安语 |
| 624 | or china | 或中国 |
| 625 | or indeed the united states | 或实际上美国 |
| 626 | because the | 因为 |
| 627 | alternative | 备选案文 |
| 628 | to private ownership of social media | 私人拥有社交媒体 |
| 629 | is not | 没有 |
| 630 | post-war | 战后 |
| 631 | nationalization on the style of britain | 贵族风格的国有化 |
| 632 | and france | 和法郎 |
| 633 | the industry as you mentioned | 你提到的行业 |
| 634 | it isn't | 不是这样 |
| 635 | 额,cctv | |
| 636 | Or door d'or chan in india | 或者印地安的门 |
| 637 | 有点像BBC | |
| 638 | And it's probably | 也许 |
| 639 | something | 东西 |
| 640 | That we haven't even imagined yet | 我们还没想到 |
| 641 | And that's the scale of the ambition. | 这就是野心的规模。 |
| 642 | I want you to think about when you think about supporting this motion | 我希望你能考虑一下 当你考虑支持这个动议时 |
| 643 | I want you to recall the scale of the ambition | 我想让你记住这个野心的规模 |
| 644 | Exactly a century ago this year 2026 when the bbc was brought into public ownership | 整整一个世纪前 今年2026年 当bbc 被公有化 |
| 645 | The scale of the ambition when the medical profession | 医学界的雄心壮志 |
| 646 | was brought into public ownership | 被公有制 |
| 647 | in 1946 | 1946年时 |
| 648 | The scale of the ambition even when we think about | 雄心的大小,即使我们想 |
| 649 | The riskiest parts of the banking sector being being brought into public ownership | 银行部门中风险最大的部分被公有化 |
| 650 | in 2008 | (单位:千美元) |
| 651 | Sometimes extraordinary times call for extraordinary measures | 有时非常时期需要采取非常措施 |
| 652 | And I don't think | 我不觉得 |
| 653 | We should be negative. | 我们应该是消极的。 |
| 654 | I don't think we should be downhearted. | 我觉得我们不应该低调 |
| 655 | I think we should be clear in our vision about what's required | 我认为我们应该清楚我们的愿景 需要什么 |
| 656 | In the world we're living in | 我们生活在这个世界上 |
| 657 | by the way | 顺便说一句 |
| 658 | Just to address some of the specific points it is possible to define social media | 仅针对某些特定点,可以定义社交媒体 |
| 659 | There's a definition in the digital services act. | 数字服务法案中有定义. |
| 660 | There's a definition in the australian social media ban | 澳洲社交媒体禁令中有一个定义 |
| 661 | There is a list of social media companies. | 有社交媒体公司名单. |
| 662 | We're talking about the big ones, right? | 我们说的是大个子,对吧? |
| 663 | This is a problem to do with large monopolies | 这跟大垄断有关 |
| 664 | We're not talking about nationalizing data centers. | 我们不是说数据中心国有化 |
| 665 | They could be unbundled. | 他们可以拆散。 |
| 666 | They could be | 他们可能是 |
| 667 | Treated as a separate business. | 当作别业. |
| 668 | We're talking about | 我们在谈论 |
| 669 | social media companies | 社交媒体公司 |
| 670 | We're talking about the algorithms | 我们说的是算法 |
| 671 | So a number of people have spoken | 很多人都说过 |
| 672 | about harms | 关于伤害 |
| 673 | Before | 在此之前 |
| 674 | Before I go and just try and address some of those points | 在我走之前 试着解决其中的一些问题 |
| 675 | I should just say that for the purposes of this debate i'm going to argue | 我只能说,为了这场辩论,我要说 |
| 676 | That we should | 我们应该 |
| 677 | And for me, it's possibly temporarily | 对我来说,这可能是暂时的 |
| 678 | end private | 结束私有 |
| 679 | private ownership of the largest social media companies | 最大的社交媒体公司的私人所有权 |
| 680 | because | 因为 |
| 681 | They are not cooperating with regulation | 他们不配合监管 |
| 682 | They are laughing in the face of our parliaments | 他们笑着面对我们的议会 |
| 683 | I don't exclude the possibility later of moving to a mixed commercial public system | 我并不排除以后转向混合商业公共系统的可能性 |
| 684 | And I agree with my colleague when he said that the alternative is not state ownership | 我同意我的同事的说法,他说过,替代的不是国家所有权 |
| 685 | It is possibly trusts | 也许是信任的 |
| 686 | charities public bodies be cool | 慈善机构公共机构要冷静 |
| 687 | There are many potential ownership models and a healthy resilient democracy | 有许多潜在的当家作主模式和具有健康复原力的民主 |
| 688 | In which citizens are protected from harm is one in which we can freely switch between them | 保护公民免受伤害,我们可以自由地相互交换 |
| 689 | We could have a debate about the harms | 我们可以辩论一下这些伤害 |
| 690 | We'd get involved in that. | 我们会参与其中的 |
| 691 | Is it correlation? | 是相关吗? |
| 692 | Is it causation? | 是因果关系吗? |
| 693 | There will be evidence | 会有证据的 |
| 694 | But I think all the people in this room | 但我觉得这屋子里的人 |
| 695 | Understand that these are harmful technologies | 了解这些是有害技术 |
| 696 | These are addictive technologies. | 这些都是令人上瘾的技术。 |
| 697 | These are extractive technologies and I'll point out to you that by virtue of being in this room | 这些是采掘技术,我要向你们指出,由于在这个房间里 |
| 698 | You have proved | 你已经证明 |
| 699 | That you can self-regulate | 你可以自我调节 |
| 700 | Okay, but we all know | 好吧 但我们都知道 |
| 701 | People who are victims of these technologies who have mental health problems | 受这些技术之害的有精神健康问题的人 |
| 702 | Who can't get out of bed? | 谁不能下床? |
| 703 | Who are stuck at home? | 谁被困在家里了? |
| 704 | Because of the addictive properties of these technologies we have devised regulation | 由于这些技术的上瘾性,我们制定了条例 |
| 705 | To deal with those problems the online safety bill the digital services act are regulations which attempt | 为解决这些问题,在线安全法案 数字服务法是试图 |
| 706 | To oblige those companies to design those their services in safer ways | 迫使这些公司以更安全的方式设计其服务 |
| 707 | so i'm not going to go into the | 所以我不会去 |
| 708 | the detail of the the the | 详细情况 |
| 709 | evidence for harm | 损害的证据 |
| 710 | Because we know about it | 因为我们知道 |
| 711 | But I do want to mention | 但我确实想说 |
| 712 | The question of what we do about it because I think where the two sides differ is | 问题是我们该怎么办 因为我认为双方的分歧在于 |
| 713 | What we do about it | 我们怎么办呢? |
| 714 | and I would | 我会 |
| 715 | put to you | 交给你 |
| 716 | That where we're going with our process of regulation | 我们的监管过程 |
| 717 | is | 这是 |
| 718 | um | 垛 |
| 719 | Too slow. | 太迟钝了 |
| 720 | So many of the people in this room are about the age of of social media | 这个房间里的很多人都是社交媒体的时代 |
| 721 | and | 和 |
| 722 | It's been around for about 20 years | 已经20年了 |
| 723 | in order to resolve this problem before you are dealing with | 为了在您处理之前解决这个问题 |
| 724 | Managing the social media habits of your children. | 管理你孩子的社交媒体习惯. |
| 725 | We need something a little bit more decisive | 我们需要一些更果断的东西 |
| 726 | The i've been working on online safety | 我一直在做在线安全 |
| 727 | Legislation for the last 12 years and the government is still saying | 过去12年的立法和政府仍在说 |
| 728 | It will take a while to implement | 要花点时间执行 |
| 729 | Okay | 还好 |
| 730 | um | 垛 |
| 731 | And that's the reason I think we need to think about a more radical | 这就是为什么我认为我们需要考虑 一个更激进的 |
| 732 | proposal | 建议 |
| 733 | So the online safety act came into | 网上安全法案就被提起来了 |
| 734 | force in 2024 | 2024年部队人数 |
| 735 | Age verification has been the biggest shift, but I think somebody mentioned that you know, that's not really working | 年龄核实是最大的转变, 但我想有人提到,你知道, 这不是真的工作 |
| 736 | um | 垛 |
| 737 | Even that can be really fooled | 即使这样,也会被骗的 |
| 738 | But we're missing the point here. | 但是我们忽略了重点 |
| 739 | The legislation was passed | 通过了立法 |
| 740 | Before we'd really grappled with the with the problem and this is true of eu legislation. | 之前,我们真的 解决了问题 这是我们的立法。 |
| 741 | It's true of uk legislation | 公法是这样的 |
| 742 | The problem is addictive design | 问题是上瘾设计 |
| 743 | That's not even in the legislation | 这在立法上都不行 |
| 744 | It's the business model | 这是商业模式 |
| 745 | And this business model is locked in by really immense power market power lobbying power financial power | 这个商业模式 被强大的市场力量所锁定 游说强大的金融力量 |
| 746 | and musk | 还有麝香 |
| 747 | Is even using this power to try and change the political game in europe | 甚至用这种力量去改变欧洲的政治游戏 |
| 748 | by supporting particular | 通过支持特定 |
| 749 | parties | 缔约方 |
| 750 | And trying to change the balance of power | 试图改变权力平衡 |
| 751 | I'll mention also that larry ellison one of his few shareholders is actually trying to buy this university | 我还想提一下,拉里·埃利森 他的几个股东之一 其实是想买这所大学 |
| 752 | um | 垛 |
| 753 | Or at least made significant parts of it | 或者至少做了相当一部分 |
| 754 | so | 这样 |
| 755 | My argument is that fundamentally because of the harms | 我的论点是 根本上是因为伤害 |
| 756 | Because of the harms to democracy we need social media to be a genuine | 因为对民主的伤害 我们需要社交媒体成为真正的 |
| 757 | Public square and not a plutocrats private piazza | 公共广场 而不是私人广场 |
| 758 | So the social media model is broken and only by taking it into public ownership of some form | 所以社交媒体模式被打破了 只能以某种形式成为公共所有 |
| 759 | Can it be disrupted? | 能被打断吗? |
| 760 | So what are we proposing? | 我们有什么建议? |
| 761 | I would say use an existing definition of social media | 我想说用一个社交媒体的定义 |
| 762 | One of those I mentioned | 我提到的其中之一 |
| 763 | In the eu they say 45 million plus active subscribers we could say 5 million plus | 在eu,他们说4500万加活跃的用户 我们可以说500万加 |
| 764 | active users | 活动用户 |
| 765 | Take it into public ownership break it up | 把它公之于众 拆散它 |
| 766 | build a socially responsible mission | 建立一个对社会负责的使命 |
| 767 | mission | 特派团 |
| 768 | Institute safety by design | 研究所设计安全 |
| 769 | Reset the model | 重置模型 |
| 770 | And we could oblige data portability obligations do all of those things many of which were suggested by the opposition | 我们可以强制要求数据可移植性义务 做所有那些事情 这些是反对派提出的 |
| 771 | Which simply won't happen without some form of | 完全不会发生 没有某种形式的 |
| 772 | public | 公开 |
| 773 | Intervention of this scale | 这一规模的干预 |
| 774 | So what we're proposing is a disruption of a business model that is broken | 所以,我们的建议是 打破商业模式 |
| 775 | It's time for a disruption which is led by their people by the people through their servants in parliament. | 现在该是他们人民通过议会的仆人 来领导混乱的时候了 |
| 776 | We did it with radio | 我们用无线电 |
| 777 | And the founding of the bbc we did it with medicine | BBC的创立 是我们用药做的 |
| 778 | And in the wake of the financial crisis, we did it with banking | 金融危机之后,我们用银行 |
| 779 | The us of course | 当然是我们 |
| 780 | has effectively | 已经有效地 |
| 781 | onshore tick tock | 岸上勾选 |
| 782 | China long ago | 中国很久以前 |
| 783 | Asserted its own digital sovereignty | 行使自己的数字主权 |
| 784 | But we haven't | 但我们没有 |
| 785 | So I submit to you that we should end private ownership of social media. | 因此,我向你们提出,我们应该结束私人对社交媒体的所有权。 |
| 786 | Thank you | 谢谢 |
| 787 | Are there any speakers in the audience that want to speak for the motion? | 观众中是否有任何发言者想代表动议发言? |
| 788 | We're doing so are there any people wishing to speak for proposition | 我们这样做,有 任何人想发言 提议 |
| 789 | Seeing none. | 见无. |
| 790 | Are there any that want to for proposition? | 是否有人想提议? |
| 791 | For opposition. | 为了反对 |
| 792 | Yes, please | 好的,谢谢 |
| 793 | Here you are | 给 |
| 794 | Give me one moment here | 给我一分钟 |
| 795 | Hello, everyone. | 大家好,你们好 |
| 796 | How are you doing? | 你好吗? |
| 797 | As a very very proud american | 作为一个非常自豪的美国人 |
| 798 | Holds holds | 持有 |
| 799 | I probably would have entertained being on this side of the aisle | 我可能会在走廊的这一边享受 |
| 800 | about | 关于 |
| 801 | a year and a half ago | 一个半年前 |
| 802 | But what I have observed | 但我所观察到的 |
| 803 | Has been frankly shocking | 老实说,这太令人震惊了 |
| 804 | in america | 在美国 |
| 805 | so | 这样 |
| 806 | I think public ownership proposals for digital ownership. | 我认为关于数字所有权的公共所有权建议。 |
| 807 | So social media and whatnot | 社交媒体什么的 |
| 808 | Drastically alarming as true social was brought up earlier | 令人惊恐的是,因为 真正的社交活动是早起的 |
| 809 | I think | 我觉得 |
| 810 | It is shocking so let me name a couple things that happen in america that we all might agree would be deeply | 让我举出几件在美国发生的事情 我们大家可能都同意 |
| 811 | unfathomable | 不易变形 |
| 812 | in the past one and a half years | 过去一年半 |
| 813 | the violation of | 违反《公约》的行为 |
| 814 | americans basic constitutional rights | 美国人的基本宪法权利 |
| 815 | The censorship of images by federal government | 联邦政府对图像的审查 |
| 816 | Americans basic constitutional rights the censorship of images by federal government | 美国人的基本宪法权利 联邦政府对图像的审查 |
| 817 | the executive claims of absolute immunity by law enforcement. | 执法部门提出的绝对豁免要求。 |
| 818 | These things are shocking. | 这些事情令人震惊。 |
| 819 | And to quote Mark Carney, | 并引用马克·卡尼, |
| 820 | in the past one and a half years, | 过去一年半 |
| 821 | we have truly seen a rupture in world order. | 我们确实看到世界秩序破裂。 |
| 822 | So now let me list to you four tangible things | 所以,现在让我 列出四个有形的东西给你 |
| 823 | that have happened in America | 美国发生的事 |
| 824 | that I think are very, very relevant | 我认为非常非常相关 |
| 825 | to inform why you should be strongly, | 告诉为什么你应该坚强, |
| 826 | strongly against this motion. | 强烈反对这项动议。 |
| 827 | The first of which is voting curbs | 第一个是投票限制 |
| 828 | that are being present across states and introduced. | 正在各州进行介绍。 |
| 829 | The second is protests, crackdowns. | 二是抗议,镇压. |
| 830 | The third would be tariff powers | 第三个是关税权力 |
| 831 | and blockage by the Supreme Court, | 和被最高法院封锁, |
| 832 | which we've seen President Trump very much | 我们经常见到川普总统 |
| 833 | try and implement again. | 尝试再执行。 |
| 834 | And finally, legal fallout of erosion of free speech | 最后,言论自由受到侵蚀的法律后果 |
| 835 | and executive power. | 以及行政权力。 |
| 836 | As we can see, it is frightening what is happening | 正如我们所见, 正在发生的事情是可怕的 |
| 837 | in America and completely naive to think | 在美国和完全天真的想法 |
| 838 | that a democratic public supervisory board | 民主公共监督委员会 |
| 839 | would be anything independent | 任何独立的东西 |
| 840 | from the government in control. | 从政府控制。 |
| 841 | I'll conclude with the lobbying groups. | 我最后要跟游说团体说 |
| 842 | $5 billion in America is spent on lobbying interest. | 美国50亿美元用于游说利息. |
| 843 | And this would greatly jeopardize any type of independence | 这会严重危及任何类型的独立 |
| 844 | from the federal government. | 从联邦政府。 |
| 845 | Vote against this motion. | 投票反对这项动议。 |
| 846 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
| 847 | Are there any other speakers that want to speak either | 还有谁想发言吗? |
| 848 | for or against this motion? | 还是反对这个动议? |
| 849 | Seeing none, I invite the final speaker | 见无,我请最后一位发言者发言。 |
| 850 | to close side opposition. | 关闭侧面反对。 |
| 851 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
| 852 | Tonight, my fellow opposition members have laid out | 今晚,我的反对党成员 已经提出 |
| 853 | how private platforms can be bulwarks | 私人平台如何成为屏障 |
| 854 | against authoritarian governments. | 反对专制政府。 |
| 855 | How the governments today are simply not capable | 今日政府根本无法胜任 |
| 856 | of successfully administering platforms | 成功管理平台 |
| 857 | and that some form of regulation | 以及某种形式的条例 |
| 858 | would be a far more proportionate response | 这将是一个更加相称的反应 |
| 859 | to the problems we see today. | 解决我们今天所看到的问题。 |
| 860 | The proposition on the other hand has said things | 另一方面,这个提议已经说了些话 |
| 861 | that are not incompatible with maintaining private ownership | 与保持私人所有权不相抵触的 |
| 862 | and they've critiqued billionaires | 他们批评了亿万富翁 |
| 863 | and forgotten that government officials | 忘记了政府官员 |
| 864 | and the publics aren't saints either. | 大众亦非圣人. |
| 865 | In closing, I want to make three final points. | 最后,我要谈最后三点。 |
| 866 | First, I'm going to argue that even if states | 首先,我要指出,即使各州 |
| 867 | had the capacity, ending private ownership | 拥有能力,结束私有制 |
| 868 | generates enormous risks of political capture. | 造成政治占领的巨大风险。 |
| 869 | And that's the motion to be clear. | 且道是动静清净. |
| 870 | Not ending the private ownership | 不结束私有制 |
| 871 | of very large social media platforms, | 社交媒体平台, |
| 872 | ending the private ownership of social media period. | 结束社交媒体的私人所有权。 |
| 873 | Second, that concerns about who owns the platform | 第二,关于谁拥有平台的问题 |
| 874 | are red herring and the real problem is centralized power. | 真正的问题是权力集中 |
| 875 | And third, if our goal is and should be | 第三,如果我们的目标是并且应该是 |
| 876 | to decentralize power, then maintaining | 权力下放,然后维持 |
| 877 | a private competitive ecosystem | 私营竞争性生态系统 |
| 878 | is actually our only viable pathway forward. | 实际上是我们唯一可行的前进道路。 |
| 879 | So to understand why this would be problematic, | 所以,为了理解为什么会有问题, |
| 880 | I want to tell a story about the New York taxi system. | 我想讲纽约出租车系统的故事 |
| 881 | In the 1930s, the government decided to do something | 1930年代,政府决定做点什么 |
| 882 | about the fact the streets were crowded | 街上挤满了人 |
| 883 | and the public wanted to regulate private taxi drivers | 公众想要监管私人出租车司机 |
| 884 | to ensure quality and safety. | 确保质量和安全。 |
| 885 | So the government took control. | 于是政府控制. |
| 886 | They created a limited number of medallions, | 他们创造的奖章数量有限, |
| 887 | licenses to drive, fewer in number | 驾驶执照,数量减少 |
| 888 | than the amount of taxi drivers that existed. | 比现在的出租车司机数量还多 |
| 889 | But what happened when the state took control | 但当州政府控制时发生了什么 |
| 890 | of that market, it was captured. | 在那个市场上,它被抓住了。 |
| 891 | Because the government capped the number of licenses, | 因为政府封顶了许可证的数量 |
| 892 | those medallions became incredibly valuable. | 这些奖章变得非常宝贵。 |
| 893 | At one point costing a million dollars each. | 一次耗资100万 |
| 894 | This didn't make the cars cleaner or the drivers better. | 这并不能让汽车更清洁 司机也更好 |
| 895 | The opposite happened. | 情况恰恰相反。 |
| 896 | Riders faced a waiting tax | 骑手面临等待税 |
| 897 | because there were never enough cabs. | 因为没有足够计程车。 |
| 898 | Service decayed because drivers had no reason | 服务衰败,因为司机没有理由 |
| 899 | to be polite or keep their cars running well. | 要礼貌 或保持他们的车运行良好。 |
| 900 | If you're the only ride in town, | 如果你是唯一的骑在城里, |
| 901 | the customer has no choice but to get in. | 顾客别无选择,只能进去 |
| 902 | The owners didn't spend their time innovating | 店主没有花时间创新 |
| 903 | and improving the product, | 并改进产品, |
| 904 | they spent their time rent seeking, | 他们花时间租房, |
| 905 | lobbying the government to never issue a single new license | 游说政府永远不要发放新的许可证 |
| 906 | so their monopoly stayed protected. | 所以他们的垄断权仍然受到保护。 |
| 907 | Okay, apply this logic to social media. | 把这个逻辑应用到社交媒体上 |
| 908 | We might have the best of intentions | 我们也许有最好的打算 |
| 909 | and the most laudable of goals, | 和最可喜的目标, |
| 910 | but if we end private ownership | 但如果我们结束了私有制 |
| 911 | and create something like a national social media agency, | 并创建类似国家社交媒体机构, |
| 912 | we aren't getting rid of power, | 我们没有摆脱权力, |
| 913 | we're creating a digital medallion. | 我们正在创建一个数字徽章。 |
| 914 | We're creating a system where the insiders | 我们正在建立一个系统 里面的人 |
| 915 | and political party in power, | 和执政党, |
| 916 | or the most well-funded lobbyists, | 或资金最充足的说客, |
| 917 | will fight to capture the algorithm | 将战斗抓住算法 |
| 918 | and prevent anyone from changing it. | 并阻止任何人改变它。 |
| 919 | And the risks of capture here are far more dangerous | 捕捉到这里的危险要大得多 |
| 920 | than a badly run taxi system. | 比运行不良的出租车系统。 |
| 921 | On day one of publicly administering platforms, | 在公共管理平台的第一天 |
| 922 | we're gonna have to answer some difficult questions | 我们要回答一些困难的问题 |
| 923 | like the ones Julie raised. | 就像朱莉提起的一样 |
| 924 | What counts as harmful enough to ban? | 何谓有害足以禁止? |
| 925 | What is misinformation? | 什么是错误信息? |
| 926 | What is hate speech? | 什么是仇恨言论? |
| 927 | The answer to these questions are not defined | 未界定这些问题的答案 |
| 928 | or won't be defined by the best arguments, | 或不会被最好的论据定义, |
| 929 | they'll be defined by majoritarian whims | 由多数人的冲动决定 |
| 930 | or people with the deepest pockets, | 或口袋最深的人, |
| 931 | people who have vested interest in the algorithm | 对算法有兴趣的人 |
| 932 | serving their political and economic goals. | 实现政治和经济目标。 |
| 933 | Take a second to imagine if your political opponents | 考虑一下,如果你的政治对手 |
| 934 | could access the power to decide these questions. | 能够获得决定这些问题的权力。 |
| 935 | For those of you on the left, | 你们中左边的人 |
| 936 | imagine a future government | 想象未来的政府 |
| 937 | that views your organizing a civil unrest | 看你组织内乱 |
| 938 | or your advocacy for marginalized groups | 或你对边缘化群体的宣传 |
| 939 | as divisive misinformation. | 作为分裂的误导。 |
| 940 | For those of you on the right, | 你们中右边的人, |
| 941 | imagine a government that labels your traditional values | 想象一个标榜你传统价值的政府 |
| 942 | or skepticism of state power's harmful extremism. | 或怀疑国家政权的有害极端主义。 |
| 943 | If the state owns the town square, | 如果国家拥有镇广场 |
| 944 | these kinds of dissent aren't just unpopular, | 这种异议不只是不受欢迎 |
| 945 | they're anti-social behavior | 他们是反社会的行为 |
| 946 | that can be censored in the name of public safety. | 可以以公共安全的名义审查 |
| 947 | And if you think it's hard to change an algorithm now, | 如果你认为现在很难改变算法 |
| 948 | imagine trying to change one | 想象一下试图改变一个 |
| 949 | when it's protected by a government bureaucracy | 当它受到政府官僚的保护 |
| 950 | with ideologically self-serving politicians. | 与意识形态上自利的政治家. |
| 951 | They're not the only ones | 不只是他们 |
| 952 | that are ideologically self-serving. | 在意识形态上是自私的。 |
| 953 | A private company has a fear you're leaving | 私人公司怕你离开 |
| 954 | for another competitor, sure. | 当然是给另一个竞争者的 |
| 955 | They'd morally and legally owe it to their shareholders | 他们道德和法律上欠股东的 |
| 956 | to explain why people are leaving and make serious changes. | 解释人们为什么离开 并做出重大改变。 |
| 957 | By contrast, a government utility | 相反,一个政府公用事业 |
| 958 | just has to wait for you to pay your taxes | 等你们交税 |
| 959 | and take you for a ride, | 载你一程 |
| 960 | like the New York taxis of the 1930s. | 就像1930年代的纽约出租车 |
| 961 | The real enemy here isn't the owner, it's centralized power. | 这里真正的敌人不是主人,而是中央集权. |
| 962 | Whether it's the CEO's profit-maximizing algorithm | 是否是CEO的利润最大化算法 |
| 963 | or a lobbyist's state-approved filter, | 或者说客经国家批准的过滤器 |
| 964 | both rely on monopolies of discretion | 两者都依赖独断专行 |
| 965 | over what you see and say. | 以你们所看见的和所说的话发誓, |
| 966 | And in a state-owned system, there's no escape. | 而在国有体系中,也无从逃脱. |
| 967 | If the nationalized platform | 如果国有化平台 |
| 968 | becomes a naked authoritarian tool for political power, | 成为政治权力的裸体专制工具, |
| 969 | where do you go? | 向甚么处去. |
| 970 | You're probably thinking here, | 你可能在这里想, |
| 971 | but it isn't easy to exit the private giants today either. | 但今天也不容易离开私人巨头 |
| 972 | I agree. | и種 |
| 973 | The solution isn't to change the landlord, | 解决办法不是改变房东 |
| 974 | it's to build an exit. | 就是要建个出口 |
| 975 | We need interoperability, | 我们需要互操作性 |
| 976 | like one of our speakers already said. | 就像我们的一位发言者已经说过的那样。 |
| 977 | Think of it like email, Gmail. | 像电子邮件一样,Gmail |
| 978 | Gmail、Outlook和苹果都是不同的系统 | |
| 979 | for viewing your messages, | 收看您的留言, |
| 980 | but they all speak the same language. | 但他们都说同样的语言。 |
| 981 | 如果你讨厌Gmail的界面,你离开Outlook。 | |
| 982 | You don't lose your emails or your contacts, | 你没有失去你的电子邮件或联系人, |
| 983 | and this is what we need for social media. | 这就是我们需要的社交媒体。 |
| 984 | We need to stop thinking about it as one god algorithm | 我们必须停止把它当成一个神算法 |
| 985 | and start thinking of it | 开始思考 |
| 986 | as a potential marketplace of algorithms. | 作为潜在的算法市场。 |
| 987 | Imagine a world where you don't have to accept | 想象一个你不必接受的世界 |
| 988 | what a billionaire or a bureaucrat wants you to see. | 亿万富翁或官僚要你看看 |
| 989 | Instead, you choose your own filter. | 相反,你选择自己的过滤器。 |
| 990 | If you want a feed focused on fact checks | 如果你想要一个信息 专注于事实检查 |
| 991 | and rigorous news, you choose that. | 和严格的消息, 你选择。 |
| 992 | If you want sports politics or cat videos, you choose that. | 如果你想要体育政治或猫的视频,你选择。 |
| 993 | The point is that we need to disperse power from the center | 重点是我们需要把力量从中央分散出去 |
| 994 | and move it to the edge, to you, the user. | 并移动到边缘, 给你,用户。 |
| 995 | Why is this good? | 为什么这样好? |
| 996 | Well, it makes it harder for billionaires, | 这让亿万富翁更难受 |
| 997 | the government, or your political opponents | 政府,或你的政治对手 |
| 998 | to wield power over you | 来支配你 |
| 999 | by controlling what you see, say, | 通过控制你所看到的,说, |
| 1000 | and who you associate with. | 以及你们所用来配他的。 |
| 1001 | Why would you want to give anyone that kind of power? | 你为什么要给任何人这种权力? |
| 1002 | The philosopher, Judas Flaher, | 哲学家犹大·弗莱厄 |
| 1003 | and I have to mention a philosopher as I'm a philosopher, | 我必须提一个哲学家 因为我是哲学家 |
| 1004 | called this approach the liberalism of fear. | 将这种做法称为恐惧的自由主义。 |
| 1005 | This is the idea that free society should aim primarily | 这就是自由社会应主要着眼于 |
| 1006 | at limiting the power of individuals and the state, | 限制个人和国家的权力, |
| 1007 | not because we don't want them to do good, | 不是因为我们不希望他们做好事, |
| 1008 | but because of our fear of their potential to do evil. | 但因为我们害怕他们做恶的潜质 |
| 1009 | And the highest evils that of being subject | 和最高的邪恶,作为主体 |
| 1010 | to the arbitrary and absolute will | 对任意和绝对意志的侵犯 |
| 1011 | of a tyrant or group of tyrants, | 他们是暴虐者或暴虐者。 |
| 1012 | whether it's the technocrats or the tech bros. | 无论是技术官僚还是技术兄弟 |
| 1013 | Now, we're safer, correspondingly, on this view | 现在,我们更安全,相应的,在这个观点上 |
| 1014 | when we're scattered than when we're synchronized. | 当我们分散 比我们同步。 |
| 1015 | When a single nationalized platform makes a mistake, | 当一个单一的国家化平台犯了错误时, |
| 1016 | it's a catastrophic systemic failure | 这是灾难性的系统故障 |
| 1017 | that misleads an entire nation. | 误导整个国家。 |
| 1018 | But when a private platform in a scattered ecosystem | 但当一个私人平台 在分散的生态系统中 |
| 1019 | makes a mistake, it's a local error | 出错,这是局部错误 |
| 1020 | that the rest of the network can correct. | 其余的网络可以纠正。 |
| 1021 | So, look, if the motion is implicitly asking | 所以,你看,如果动议是隐含的问 |
| 1022 | who should own the platform, my answer is no one should. | 谁应该拥有平台, 我的答案是没有人应该。 |
| 1023 | But the paradox of our time is that ending private ownership | 但我们时代的悖论是结束私有制 |
| 1024 | is the surest way to ensure that someone, the state, | 这是确保某人,国家, |
| 1025 | owns us forever. | 永远拥有我们 |
| 1026 | Publicly owned platforms, just like the government | 公共平台,就像政府一样 |
| 1027 | more generally, have the least incentive | 更一般地说,动机最小 |
| 1028 | to diminish their own power over others. | 削弱自己对他人的权力。 |
| 1029 | Only a competitive private ecosystem | 只有有竞争力的私人生态系统 |
| 1030 | has people willing to fight for your attention | 有人愿意为你们而战 |
| 1031 | and disrupt the power of the biggest platforms. | 破坏最大平台的力量 |
| 1032 | This is because the underdogs, innovators, | 这是因为弱者 创新者 |
| 1033 | and the startups, like Hannah, | 和初创的, 像汉娜, |
| 1034 | they don't win by being like the giants, | 他们不会像巨人一样赢 |
| 1035 | they win by stealing the giants' users. | 他们通过窃取巨人的用户而获胜. |
| 1036 | They don't require a political census or a permit | 他们不需要政治人口普查或许可 |
| 1037 | from a government committee to innovate, they build. | 从一个政府委员会 创新,他们建设。 |
| 1038 | And if the giants can't handle that, | 如果巨人无法应付 |
| 1039 | then the giants will be forced to change. | 然后巨人将被迫改变 |
| 1040 | As James Madison put it, | 正如詹姆斯·麦迪逊所说, |
| 1041 | things go best when ambition is made to counteract ambition. | 当雄心壮志对抗雄心壮志时 事情会变得最好 |
| 1042 | Force private companies to compete | 强迫私营公司竞争 |
| 1043 | to see who can create the most attractive way | 看看谁能创造出最吸引人的方式 |
| 1044 | for individuals to control their own lives. | 个人可以控制自己的生活。 |
| 1045 | I wanna leave you with this thought. | 我想把这个想法留给你 |
| 1046 | The motion before us today is just asking us | 今天我们面前的动议只是问我们 |
| 1047 | to swap one master for another. | 换一个主人 |
| 1048 | But the real revolution isn't a change in ownership, | 但真正的革命不是所有权的改变 |
| 1049 | it's a change in platform architecture. | 这是平台架构的变化. |
| 1050 | And as I've shown, only the pressure | 正如我所显示的 只有压力 |
| 1051 | of private competition can provide the incentive | 私人竞争可以提供奖励 |
| 1052 | to build the exits that states would never create. | 来建立国家永远也不会创造的退出。 |
| 1053 | This is not to say there's no role for the state to play. | 这并不是说国家不能扮演任何角色. |
| 1054 | What the state ought to do is break up the monopolies | 国家应该做的是打破垄断 |
| 1055 | and not become the monopolies themselves. | 而不是成为垄断者本身。 |
| 1056 | As such, I urge you, don't vote to nationalize the monopoly, | 因此,我敦促你,不要投票 国有化垄断, |
| 1057 | vote to break it and vote against the motion. | 投票推翻该动议。 |
| 1058 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
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