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《经济学人》时间即将被重新定义!铯原子统治60年的“秒”要被

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P1《经济学人》时间即将被重新定义!铯原子统治60年的“秒”要被4:07

P1 · 《经济学人》时间即将被重新定义!铯原子统治60年的“秒”要被光钟取代了 [B2] p01 原声 (P1)

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时间英文中文
0:14It takes about a second to say cesium atoms, and for nearly 60 years cesium atoms have大约需要一秒钟 说铯原子, 和近60年 铯原子有
0:21said how long a second lasts.说要持续多久
0:24That is because cesium-133, an isotope of cesium, switches这是因为铯-133是铯的同位素,开关
0:28between two energy states when exposed to microwave radiation, at a rate so regular受微波辐射时,在两个能量状态之间,频率如此之高
0:34you could set your watch by it.你可以设置你的表 通过它。
0:36Indeed, atomic clocks use this steady rhythm to measure time.事实上,原子钟利用这种稳定的节奏来测量时间。
0:41According to the International System of Units, a second is 9,192,631,770 cycles.根据国际单位制,第二个为9,192,631,770个周期.
0:46But not但是没有
0:53for much longer.更长时间。
0:55On October 13, the world's top metrologists convened in Versailles for10月13日,世界顶级计量学家在凡尔赛召开.
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序号英文中文
1It takes about a second to say cesium atoms, and for nearly 60 years cesium atoms have大约需要一秒钟 说铯原子, 和近60年 铯原子有
2said how long a second lasts.说要持续多久
3That is because cesium-133, an isotope of cesium, switches这是因为铯-133是铯的同位素,开关
4between two energy states when exposed to microwave radiation, at a rate so regular受微波辐射时,在两个能量状态之间,频率如此之高
5you could set your watch by it.你可以设置你的表 通过它。
6Indeed, atomic clocks use this steady rhythm to measure time.事实上,原子钟利用这种稳定的节奏来测量时间。
7According to the International System of Units, a second is 9,192,631,770 cycles.根据国际单位制,第二个为9,192,631,770个周期.
8But not但是没有
9for much longer.更长时间。
10On October 13, the world's top metrologists convened in Versailles for10月13日,世界顶级计量学家在凡尔赛召开.
11the General Conference on Weights and Measures, the CGPM, as they have done roughly once every重量和措施大会,即妇女问题委员会,正如它们几乎每一次所做的那样,
12four years since 1889, to discuss the science of measurement.1889年后的四年,讨论测量学.
13After three days of debate,经过三天的辩论
14they set themselves a deadline.他们为自己设定了一个期限。
15By 2030 they will decide how to redefine the second.到2030年,他们将决定如何重新界定第二个问题。
16The CGPM oversees the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, the BIPM, which setsCGPM监督国际体重和计量局,即BIPM,它规定:
17the global standard for the passage of time.时间流逝的全球标准。
18It does so by combining measurements from其方法是结合来自
19hundreds of atomic clocks, based in laboratories around the world, to account for small fluctuations数以百计的原子钟, 以世界各地的实验室为基地,
20which can cause errors in each individual reading.可以在每次读取中引起错误。
21The result is a single, standardised结果是单一的,标准化的
22time that coordinates everything from financial transactions to satellite navigation.从财务交易到卫星导航
23But不过
24the BIPM has a problem.BIPM有一个问题。
25To check the accuracy of its standardised time, it uses a set of为了检查标准化时间的准确性,它使用一套
26newer clocks, based on different chemical elements, which can measure time more precisely新的时钟,基于不同的化学元素,可以更精确地测量时间
27than the best cesium clocks can.比最好的铯钟可以。
28Checking the accuracy of the newer clocks requires检查更新时钟的准确性需要
29a definition of the second itself.定义第二个本身。
30Using that from a cesium clock is like trying to使用从铯钟 就像试图
31measure the width of a hare using a ruler whose divisions are wider than the hare.使用比兔子更宽的划分尺测量兔子的宽度。
32To改为
33run the clockwork like clockwork, the CGPM needs to untie the second from cesium.运行时钟工作像时钟工作, CGPM 需要解开第二个与铯.
34Kyle Arnold, a physicist at the National University of Singapore, is part of a team developing新加坡国立大学的物理学家凯尔·阿诺德(Kyle Arnold)是开发团队的一部分
35a clock based on lutetium ions.一个基于 lu离子的时钟.
36While cesium clocks use microwave radiation to trigger铯钟使用微波辐射触发
37transitions between the atoms' energy states, Dr Arnold's device uses lasers.原子能量状态之间的过渡,阿诺德博士的装置使用激光.
38Such optical这种光学
39clocks tick more quickly, allowing time to be measured more finely.计时速度更快,可以更精确地测量时间。
40Writing in Nature自然写作
41in September, Dr Arnold's group reported its lutetium clock had a tick about 1000 times9月,阿诺德博士的小组报告 它的 lu钟有大约1000次
42more regular than the best cesium devices.比最好的铯设备更普通
43Atomic clocks must work reliably in different原子钟必须在不同的地方可靠工作
44places around the world.世界各地的地方。
45Dr Arnold's device, however, is the size of a room, and yet to然而,阿诺德博士的装置 是一个房间的大小,还没有
46leave his Singapore lab.离开他的新加坡实验室
47Other more portable contenders include optical clocks based on其他更便捷的竞争者包括基于下列条件的光学钟:
48ytterbium and strontium atoms suspended by lasers.y和tron原子被激光悬浮.
49These come with their own issues.这些都是他们自己的问题。
50A study published in Physical Review Letters in July found that measurements comparing7月在物理评论函上发表的一项研究发现,测量比较
51optical clocks based on these elements disagreed with earlier results by more than their known基于这些要素的光学钟比已知的更不赞同先前的结果
52uncertainties could explain.不确定性可以解释。
53Metrologists must now decide which atomic transition is计量学家现在必须决定 哪个原子过渡
54promoted to the official standard.晋升到官方标准.
55That requires consensus among yet another team of time lords,这需要另外一组时间领主达成共识,
56the Consultative Committee for Time and Frequency, who are advising the BIPM and CGPM on the时间和频率协商委员会,向植物检疫和植物检疫局和植物检疫委员会提供
57With the deadline set for 2030, they have about 100 million seconds to reach an agreement.随着2030年的最后期限被设定,他们有约1亿秒达成协议.
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