正为择校、选专业发愁？这位耶鲁教授用大数据告诉你为何说“知识
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:04 | Hello, everyone. | 大家好,你们好 |
| 0:05 | I just want to say good evening to everyone dialing in from Asia and good | 我只想跟所有从亚洲来的人说晚安 |
| 0:11 | morning to Professor Ma in New Haven and others joining from North America or that side of | 早上致纽黑文的马教授和其他人 来自北美或那边 |
| 0:18 | the globe. | 全球 |
| 0:19 | Welcome to this Yale Center Beijing event. | 欢迎来到耶鲁中心北京活动 |
| 0:24 | I am Carol Lee Rafferty, the executive | 我是卡罗尔·李·拉费蒂 执行官 |
| 0:25 | director of the center and a Yale College alumna. | 中心主任和耶鲁大学校友 |
| 0:30 | As many of you know, the Yale Center | 很多人都知道,耶鲁中心 |
| 0:32 | of Beijing was founded in 2014 as Yale University's only university-wide center outside of its US | 北京大学成立于2014年,是耶鲁大学唯一的全美大学中心 |
| 0:40 | campus. | 学校。 |
展开字幕全文（645 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hello, everyone. | 大家好,你们好 |
| 2 | I just want to say good evening to everyone dialing in from Asia and good | 我只想跟所有从亚洲来的人说晚安 |
| 3 | morning to Professor Ma in New Haven and others joining from North America or that side of | 早上致纽黑文的马教授和其他人 来自北美或那边 |
| 4 | the globe. | 全球 |
| 5 | Welcome to this Yale Center Beijing event. | 欢迎来到耶鲁中心北京活动 |
| 6 | I am Carol Lee Rafferty, the executive | 我是卡罗尔·李·拉费蒂 执行官 |
| 7 | director of the center and a Yale College alumna. | 中心主任和耶鲁大学校友 |
| 8 | As many of you know, the Yale Center | 很多人都知道,耶鲁中心 |
| 9 | of Beijing was founded in 2014 as Yale University's only university-wide center outside of its US | 北京大学成立于2014年,是耶鲁大学唯一的全美大学中心 |
| 10 | campus. | 学校。 |
| 11 | And throughout the year, almost every other day, we host events such as these, where we | 整个一年,几乎每隔一天, 我们主办这样的活动, 我们在那里 |
| 12 | convene leaders from academia, business, politics, arts and sciences to talk about the most | 召集学术界、商界、政界、艺术界和科学界的领导人,谈论最多的 |
| 13 | pressing and interesting and important topics facing our world. | 我们的世界面临着紧迫和有趣的重要议题。 |
| 14 | Today, we are very delighted to | 今天,我们非常高兴 |
| 15 | have Yale Professor Song Ma with us to talk about through the lens of big data, education and | 让耶鲁·宋马教授与我们一起通过大数据、教育和 |
| 16 | career choices. | 职业选择。 |
| 17 | I think this is a very timely talk, especially for those of you who are in the | 我认为这是一个非常及时的谈话,尤其是对于你们中那些身处 |
| 18 | applying to university or contemplating studying in the US and your future, because Professor Song | 申请上大学或考虑在美国及你的未来学习,因为宋教授 |
| 19 | Ma and his colleague from Yale, also an economist, Professor Barbara Biasi, they have done this very, | 马和他来自耶鲁的同事,也是经济学家,芭芭拉·比亚西教授, 他们已经做了非常, |
| 20 | very interesting study using big data and machine learning to tell you more about how your education | 利用大数据和机器学习 告诉你更多关于你的教育 |
| 21 | and career choices may impact your future. | 职业选择会影响你的未来 |
| 22 | So I'm going to do a really quick introduction of our | 所以,我要做一个非常快速的介绍 我们 |
| 23 | great speaker today. | 今天的演讲很精彩 |
| 24 | Song Ma is an assistant professor of finance at the Yale School of | 宋马是耶鲁大学金融系的助理教授 |
| 25 | Management. | 管理. |
| 26 | His main research interests are corporate finance, entrepreneurial finance, | 他的主要研究兴趣是企业金融,企业金融, |
| 27 | innovation and business law. | 创新和商业法。 |
| 28 | His research has been featured in top academic journals, such as the | 他的研究在顶级学术期刊上有所报道,例如 |
| 29 | 政治经济学报(英语:Political Economic Journal of Finance),他也曾获得过众多研究奖项. | |
| 30 | His research has | 他的研究 |
| 31 | also been referenced by legislators and policymakers around the world, including the | 世界各地的立法者和决策者也提到了这一点,其中包括: |
| 32 | Federal Trade Commission, competition commissions around the world. | 联邦贸易委员会,世界各地的竞争委员会. |
| 33 | He was also recognized as Poets | 他也被评为诗人 |
| 34 | and Quants 40 under 40 best business school professor in 2021 and teaches a popular course | 2021年40岁以下最佳商学院教授 教授受欢迎课程 |
| 35 | on entrepreneurial finance at Yale SOM. | 在耶鲁SOM的创业融资。 |
| 36 | But this topic, you may think, oh, this is very different | 但这个话题,你可能会认为, 哦,这是非常不同的 |
| 37 | from what he usually speaks about. | 从他常说的。 |
| 38 | And the reason why I have asked him to share about why college | 我问他为什么上大学的原因 |
| 39 | education matters and how to make your best choices is because I heard his really brilliant talk | 教育问题和如何做出你最好的选择 是因为我听到他的精彩演讲 |
| 40 | a couple, a month or two ago when he was presenting to an audience that consists of | 一对夫妇,一两个月前 当他向观众展示 包括: |
| 41 | leaders at Tsinghua University and Yale University. | 清华大学和耶鲁大学的领导人。 |
| 42 | And I just thought this is very interesting | 我只是觉得这很有趣 |
| 43 | and timely and useful information that we can share with more people. | 以及我们能够与更多人分享的及时和有用的信息。 |
| 44 | So without further ado, | 所以不用再多说了 |
| 45 | let's welcome Professor Song Ma. | 欢迎宋马教授 |
| 46 | And after his presentation, we'll have a Q&A session. | 在他介绍完之后,我们将举行一个“A”会议。 |
| 47 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
| 48 | Thank you, Carol, for the very kind introduction. | 谢谢你 卡罗尔 非常好的介绍 |
| 49 | And for those of you who are logging from China, | 你们这些从中国伐木的人, |
| 50 | I'm going to speak in English. | 我要说英语。 |
| 51 | But if you have any questions, please feel free to ask either in | 但是,如果你有任何问题, 请随意问两个 |
| 52 | English or Chinese or whatever dialect that you feel like I could understand. | 英文或中文 或任何你认为我能理解的方言 |
| 53 | And with that, | 有了这个 |
| 54 | with that, I will first motivate a little bit about my talk and hopefully can provide some | 有了这个,我首先会 激发一下我的谈话 希望能够提供一些 |
| 55 | useful information to you. | 对你有用的信息。 |
| 56 | I think Carol actually left the introduction with a very, very interesting | 我觉得卡罗尔确实把介绍留给了一个非常非常有趣的人 |
| 57 | lead for me. | 带我走 |
| 58 | We definitely didn't coordinate, but I thought it was really, really useful. | 我们绝对没有协调, 但我觉得这真的很有用。 |
| 59 | That is, first, let me introduce myself. | 首先 让我自我介绍一下 |
| 60 | I'm an assistant profiler of finance. | 我是财务助理 |
| 61 | I'm also affiliated | 我也从属 |
| 62 | with Yale SOM Entrepreneurship, Yale Law School and National Bureau of Economic Research, and my | 与耶鲁大学SOM创业学院,耶鲁法学院和国家经济研究局,和我 |
| 63 | research interest in innovation, entrepreneurship, and so on. | 对创新,创业等的研究兴趣. |
| 64 | So while the question is, why does a | 所以尽管问题是 为什么 |
| 65 | finance professor choose to talk about education with everybody? | 财务教授选择和大家谈论教育? |
| 66 | I mean, I'm not an education | 我的意思是,我不是一个教育 |
| 67 | economist or major in that and so on. | 经济学家或主修,等等。 |
| 68 | But why it is important? | 但为什么这很重要? |
| 69 | Why am I interested in it? | 为什么我对它感兴趣? |
| 70 | Because | 因为 |
| 71 | in essence, in my mind, education is an investment. | 实质上,在我看来,教育是一种投资。 |
| 72 | And for those of you, I see a lot of young faces | 对你们来说,我看到很多年轻的脸蛋 |
| 73 | here, and I know that you're at the breakpoint of thinking about, okay, where should I go? | 我知道你在想,我该去哪儿? |
| 74 | What | 什麽? |
| 75 | should I do with my career, with my education choices? | 我应该做我的事业, 与我的教育选择? |
| 76 | And so in your mind, you're making a | 所以,在你的脑海里,你正在做一个 |
| 77 | calculation about what's the potential cost and what's the potential return. | 计算潜在成本和潜在回报。 |
| 78 | And this was never | 这从来都不是 |
| 79 | in economist's mind until roughly 1950s by this Chicago economist, Gary Becker, and who actually | 在经济学家的思想中,直到大约1950年代 芝加哥经济学家加里・贝克尔。 |
| 80 | got to this human capital theories that was thinking, okay, every human behavior regarding | 到了这个人力资本理论 正在思考,好吧,每个人类的行为 |
| 81 | your education, healthcare, jobs, and so on and so forth is a type of investment. | 教育、医疗、工作等都是投资 |
| 82 | You need to trade | 你需要交换 |
| 83 | off the cost and return. | 停止成本和返回。 |
| 84 | And with that in mind, I would say, okay, let's actually give it a little | 记住这一点,我会说,好吧, 让我们真正给予它一点 |
| 85 | bit of economist spin in this problem. | 经济学家在这个问题上有点偏执 |
| 86 | And when we think about this as an investment choice, then | 当我们把这当作投资选择时 |
| 87 | it becomes a very weird type of investment. | 它变成了一种非常奇怪的投资类型。 |
| 88 | Why? | 为什么? |
| 89 | Think about this. | 考虑一下 |
| 90 | If you invest in stocks, | 如果你投资股票 |
| 91 | okay, at least you know a lot about those stocks, and they're going to keep you updated about your | 好吧,至少你知道很多 关于这些股票, 他们会保持更新你 |
| 92 | stocks. | 库存。 |
| 93 | For example, if you want to invest in, let's say, Maotai, you get their annual reports, | 例如,如果你想投资,比如说,茅台,你得到他们的年度报告, |
| 94 | you got their quarterly reports, you know their past stock performance returns in the past year, | 你得到了他们的季度报告, 你知道他们过去的股票业绩回报 在过去的一年, |
| 95 | volatility, product quality, management quality, and so on and so forth. | 波动性,产品质量,管理质量等. |
| 96 | Physically, you know a | 在身体上,你知道一个 |
| 97 | ton about those things. | 关于那些东西的一吨。 |
| 98 | Then you make the investment, but for education. | 然后,你做投资, 但教育。 |
| 99 | In some sense, | 从某种意义上来说, |
| 100 | we don't know much. | 我们不知道很多。 |
| 101 | We perhaps got a little bit of information about school rankings. | 也许我们得到了一些关于学校排名的信息。 |
| 102 | You can see, okay, those are school rankings. | 你可以看到, 好吧, 这是学校排名。 |
| 103 | Those are in those locations and so on. | 这些都是在这些地点等等。 |
| 104 | But there | 但这里 |
| 105 | are so many useful things that would help guide your investment decision, but you kind of do not | 这么多有用的东西 帮助引导你的投资决定, 但你有点不 |
| 106 | have access to. | 可以进入。 |
| 107 | For example, do you know if you have actually five offers in front of you? | 比如,你知道你面前有5个报价吗? |
| 108 | What are taught in the classroom in those universities? | 在这些大学的教室里教什么? |
| 109 | And how do they compare across | 他们如何对比 |
| 110 | different schools? | 不同的学校? |
| 111 | Which professors that you have access to teach useful stuff that will actually | 哪些教授可以教一些有用的东西 |
| 112 | could be very useful for your career and academic choices in the future? | 将来对你的职业和学术选择会很有帮助吗? |
| 113 | And in general, what kind of curriculum give you the best career choices in the future? | 一般来说,哪门课程能给你 未来最好的职业选择? |
| 114 | And remember, the answer to those questions might not be uniform across different people, | 记住,这些问题的答案 可能并不统一 不同的人, |
| 115 | because given your different backgrounds and goals and so on, maybe the best courses and best fit | 因为考虑到你不同的背景和目标等等, 也许最好的课程和最适合 |
| 116 | would be very, very different, right? | 这将是非常,非常不同,对不对? |
| 117 | And also, what kind of career paths should you decide to | 还有,你应该选择什么样的职业道路 |
| 118 | follow education and so on? | 继续教育等等? |
| 119 | I mean, those are all useful, useful questions, but we just do not have | 我的意思是,这些都是有用的问题, 但我们只是没有 |
| 120 | access to. | 进入。 |
| 121 | And think about how costly it is to make the investment in education. | 想想在教育方面投资的成本有多高。 |
| 122 | This kind of | 这样 |
| 123 | become a necessary useful information for us to provide if some school like us want to convince | 成为我们必需的有用信息 如果我们这样的学校想要说服 |
| 124 | you, oh, Yale is great university, but why it is the case? | 耶鲁大学很棒 但为什么呢? |
| 125 | How can I tell you that this is the case | 我怎么能告诉你这是事实 |
| 126 | as to tell you this is a good investment for your future and human capital? | 告诉你这是对你未来和人力资本的好投资? |
| 127 | Okay. | 摆 |
| 128 | So in this talk, I'm going to try to cover two pieces of research that is related to | 因此,在这个演讲中,我将尝试 覆盖两个研究 与 |
| 129 | this. | 这个 |
| 130 | And the first one is the major one that I will talk about is also what Carol | 第一个是我要讨论的 也是卡罗尔 |
| 131 | motivated with is a piece of work that I did with my colleague here, an education economist | 我在这里和同事 教育经济学家一起做了一件工作 |
| 132 | by Barbiase to look into university education through their curriculum. | 由Barbiase通过他们的课程研究大学教育。 |
| 133 | And we're going to try | 我们要尝试 |
| 134 | to quantify the usefulness of education contents and its determinants and document the link between | 量化教育内容的有用性及其决定因素,并记录教育与教育之间的联系。 |
| 135 | education content and future student outcome. | 教育内容和未来的学生成果。 |
| 136 | Okay. | 摆 |
| 137 | This is a work in process that we can | 这是我们在进行的工作,我们可以 |
| 138 | hopefully transform them into some sort of a ranking. | 希望能把它们变成某种排名 |
| 139 | But at this moment it's not at that | 但此时此刻不是 |
| 140 | stage yet, but I will show you some to help you guide you to think about this problem. | 但我会给你看一些 帮助你引导你思考这个问题。 |
| 141 | The second one is kind of at the intersection of education that what I talk about and my | 第二个是那种教育的交汇点 我所谈论的和我的 |
| 142 | general topic of interest of study, which is entrepreneurship. | 有关研究的一般主题,即创业。 |
| 143 | That is, I think a lot of | 也就是说,我认为很多 |
| 144 | students at this moment really think about entrepreneur or being entrepreneurs, | 学生们在此刻 真正思考的是企业家或企业家 |
| 145 | start up their own companies and so on, being a short-term or long-term goal for their careers | 创办自己的公司等等,是他们职业生涯的短期或长期目标 |
| 146 | and entrepreneur activities becomes an important component in their education | 企业家活动成为其教育的重要组成部分; |
| 147 | in universities. | 在大学。 |
| 148 | I'm going to revisit these problems through some evidence that I have | 我要通过一些证据 重新审视这些问题 |
| 149 | through big data and then try to see, okay, we know entrepreneur education is an important | 通过大数据,然后尝试 看,好吧, 我们知道企业家教育是重要的 |
| 150 | part of university education, but does it mean that we really want students or do we really want | 大学教育的一部分, 但它意味着我们真的想要学生 还是我们真的想要 |
| 151 | to encourage students to be entrepreneurs just in the universities? | 鼓励学生在大学当企业家? |
| 152 | Is that good as a good use of | 不错吧? |
| 153 | your time and money in the early stage of your career? | 你职业生涯初期的时间和金钱? |
| 154 | Okay. | 摆 |
| 155 | So with that, let's go into the | 因此,让我们进入 |
| 156 | first piece of work, which is what we call the education innovation gap, joined with my colleague | 我们称之为教育创新差距的第一部作品,与我的同事一道 |
| 157 | and friend Barbara. | 还有朋友芭芭拉 |
| 158 | And the idea of the paper is really like straightforward. | 论文的构思非常直截了当。 |
| 159 | That is, we know that | 也就是说 我们知道 |
| 160 | we go to universities to learn about new knowledge and new ideas. | 我们去大学学习新知识和新思想。 |
| 161 | You want to broaden your knowledge, | 你想扩大你的知识, |
| 162 | hopefully this knowledge will be helpful for you in the future. | 希望这种知识将来对你有所帮助。 |
| 163 | And also from innovation economist | 也是来自创新经济学家 |
| 164 | perspective, higher education curriculum is one of the most important channels that we can disseminate | 高等教育课程是我们能够传播的最重要渠道之一。 |
| 165 | new ideas. | 新的创意。 |
| 166 | And this is useful because new ideas could come out of universities, come out of | 这很有用,因为大学里会有新的想法 |
| 167 | corporations and so on. | 企业等。 |
| 168 | But if it does not go into human capital, it does not go into | 但如果它不进入人力资本,它不会进入 |
| 169 | the talent's minds, the minds like yours, and it's useless. | 人才的头脑,像你这样的头脑,是无用的. |
| 170 | Therefore, we want universities | 因此,我们需要大学 |
| 171 | to be a place where new ideas and knowledge can be disseminated efficiently. | 成为能够有效传播新思想和新知识的地方。 |
| 172 | But we actually do not | 但我们实际上没有 |
| 173 | know whether that is the case. | 知道是否如此吗? |
| 174 | We don't know how good universities are in incorporating new | 我们不知道大学在融合新东西方面有多好 |
| 175 | technologies, especially given the technologies are moving so fast. | 技术,特别是鉴于技术的发展如此之快。 |
| 176 | You could go into a university, | 你可以上大学 |
| 177 | or you have several different options and you go into a university, but turns out they have | 或者你有几种不同的选择 你进入大学,但事实证明他们有 |
| 178 | the reputation, but they're not up to date with their teaching curriculum. | 声名狼藉,但他们的教学课程并不及时。 |
| 179 | Because technically | 因为技术上 |
| 180 | speaking, given how much that we see new, imagine your life eight years ago and now, 10 years ago | 想想你八年前和现在 十年前的生活 |
| 181 | and now, how things have changed. | 现在,事情变了 |
| 182 | And the computer science back then and computer science today are | 那时的计算机科学和今天的计算机科学 |
| 183 | very, very different. | 非常,非常不一样。 |
| 184 | Even finance back then and today are very different. | 即使是当时和今天的金融,也是截然不同的。 |
| 185 | We have very different | 我们很不一样 |
| 186 | type of securities. | 证券类型。 |
| 187 | We have very different phenomenas and so on. | 我们有非常不同的现象等等。 |
| 188 | Are universities up to date? | 大学最新消息吗? |
| 189 | Do university curriculums equip students with frontier knowledge? | 大学课程是否为学生提供前沿知识? |
| 190 | And does this differ across | 这是否不同? |
| 191 | different universities? | 不同的大学? |
| 192 | And if you want to see whether a certain university are doing good or | 如果你想看看某所大学是好还是好 |
| 193 | bad, what kind of determinants can you see in terms of guiding you to think about this problem? | 坏的,在引导你思考这个问题方面,你能看到什么样的决定因素? |
| 194 | Is this a university type of features? | 这是大学的特色吗? |
| 195 | Is it about instructors? | 是老师的事吗? |
| 196 | And so on. | 及诸众生. |
| 197 | So the key novelty of this | 所以这个关键的新奇之处 |
| 198 | part of the research is that we collected and processed millions of university syllabi | 研究的部分内容是 我们收集并处理了数百万的大学教学大纲 |
| 199 | to answer these questions. | 回答这些问题。 |
| 200 | For those of you who are not familiar with the term | 你们中不熟悉这个术语的人, |
| 201 | course syllabi is basically a few pages of documents that outlines the course content as | 课程教学大纲基本上是几页文件,将课程内容概括为 |
| 202 | well as the day-to-day content of the course. | 以及课程的日常内容. |
| 203 | I think at least when I was in college in China, | 我想至少当我在中国大学的时候 |
| 204 | it's called so basically we collected millions of them and across the world and mainly in US | 基本上我们收集了数百万个 遍布世界各地,主要在美国 |
| 205 | and we process them and try to compare those course content across different universities | 并尝试比较不同大学的课程内容 |
| 206 | and across different professors and so on and see what we can see. | 和不同的教授等等, 看看我们能看到什么。 |
| 207 | Who are teaching the useful | 谁教有用的 |
| 208 | and up-to-date stuff? | 和最新的东西? |
| 209 | And does teaching useful and up-to-date stuff help? | 教学有用和最新的东西有用吗? |
| 210 | So what do we do with the | 那么,我们该怎么办 |
| 211 | so we collected a gigantic amount of data that can help us to answer these questions. | 所以我们收集了大量的数据 能够帮助我们回答这些问题。 |
| 212 | First, we got this course syllabi and we can parse the course content for each courses for each | 首先,我们有这门课目 我们可以分析每门课的课程内容 |
| 213 | course and also we have a way to evaluate whether the things that are taught are up to the frontier | 以及我们有一个方法来评估 所教的东西是否到了前沿 |
| 214 | or not. | 或无. |
| 215 | For example, if they're a computer science course that they're teaching slightly newer | 例如,如果他们是计算机科学课程 他们教的稍新 |
| 216 | language like for example an intro to computer science class that teaches newer language like | 语言,比如计算机科学课的入门课,教授新语言,比如 |
| 217 | Julia and so on versus a course that teaches let's say a visual basic which is like a 30-year-old | 朱莉娅等 与一个教课的 说一个视觉基础 就像一个30岁的孩子 |
| 218 | language and so on. | 语言等. |
| 219 | So I mean this is just an example and maybe for general linear algebra | 所以,我的意思是,这只是一个例子 也许对于一般的线性代数 |
| 220 | do you actually introduce more up-to-date examples to it or a basic statistics course? | 你到底是向它介绍更多最新的例子还是一个基本统计课程? |
| 221 | Do you introduce stuff that can help you to connect to machine learning and new stuff in AI | 你介绍一些东西可以帮助你 连接到机器学习和AI的新东西 |
| 222 | and so on because that is the base for that or do you still use the very old examples about like | 诸如此类的,因为那是基础 或者你仍然使用非常古老的例子 |
| 223 | populations and so on. | 人口数量等等。 |
| 224 | So kind of we'll have a way to measure the difference between course syllabi | 所以,我们有办法 衡量不同 课程的音节 |
| 225 | and frontier. | 和边界。 |
| 226 | I will get to that in a minute about how specifically we did and then we | 我会在一分钟内得到 关于如何具体 我们做了,然后我们 |
| 227 | also collected a lot of information about universities. | 还收集了大量有关大学的信息. |
| 228 | We get the information about | 我们得到的信息 |
| 229 | university instructors and so on and we also get information about students student demographics | 大学教官等,我们也有学生人口统计信息 |
| 230 | and also how well they did after they take certain courses. | 以及他们在修完某些课程后表现如何。 |
| 231 | And in that way we actually have | 这样,我们实际上有 |
| 232 | data to see whether students experiencing certain type of educational content | 数据以了解学生是否经历某种教育内容 |
| 233 | actually did well in the future versus not. | 事实上,在将来做得很好。 |
| 234 | This is the type of information that we think would be | 这类型的信息 我们认为是 |
| 235 | great to have especially for students who are at the stage of choosing their education | 尤其对于正在选择其教育阶段的学生来说,这是极好的。 |
| 236 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}因为就像我说的 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}如果你想买股票 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}你对股票很了解 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\sha | |
| 237 | past performance and so on but we kind of don't know much about the university this is a way to | 过去的表演等等 但我们对大学不太了解 |
| 238 | actually get us closer to those kind of information. | 实际上,让我们更接近 此类信息。 |
| 239 | So just to give you a sense of each of the | 所以,只是给你一个感知 每一个 |
| 240 | syllabus in this okay in this you can see this is a typical Yale syllabus okay this is typical Yale | 这里面的提纲,你可以看到 这是典型的耶鲁教学大纲... ... |
| 241 | syllabi and there are tons of information in it there's a course number there's a course title | 音节和里面有很多信息 有课程编号 有课程标题 |
| 242 | and this is a terms and there's like the professors the teaching assistant there's | 这是一个术语,有 像教授 教学助理那里 |
| 243 | a course description that teaches that basically tells you what typically this course looks like | 一个课程描述 教给你的基本上 告诉你这个课程的典型样子 |
| 244 | the textbook the required readings and they're also there's a course structure that gives you a | 教科书上需要的读数 还有课程结构 |
| 245 | by day run of those things the first day we're going to teach this and the second day if you're | 第一天我们要教这些 第二天如果你是 |
| 246 | in the university this should not be strange to you or new to you but for those of you who are | 在大学里,这对你来说不应该奇怪,对你们来说不应该是新的,对你们中的那些是新的。 |
| 247 | in high school and and so on this is the type of things that you are going to deal with very very | 高中,等等,这是 类型的事情,你会 处理非常 |
| 248 | soon and we in total we collected seven million course syllabi and for the study that I'm going | 很快,我们总共收集了700万个课程表 以及我要去的研究 |
| 249 | to show you we focus on the U.S. for 20 years between 1998 to 2018 we got nearly two million | 从1998年到2018年的20年里 我们一直专注于美国 我们得到了近两百万 |
| 250 | syllabi that covers 800 U.S. institutions typically the fairly top ones and we cover all kinds of | 包括800个美国机构 通常最顶尖的机构 我们涵盖各种各样的 |
| 251 | different fields and we parse the content into basic info instructor name course description | 不同字段,我们把内容解析为基本信息教员名称课程描述 |
| 252 | teaching schedule catalog references assignments and so on right so we get all those information | 教学时间表目录 参考任务等等 |
| 253 | together with a lot of information that I showed you here about universities and students as well | 再加上我给大家展示的许多关于大学和学生的信息 |
| 254 | then what do we do in order to measure whether certain things are useful versus not | 那么,我们做什么,以衡量 某些东西是否有用 |
| 255 | so the way that we have is to construct this measure called the education innovation gap | 因此,我们的方法 是构建这一措施 教育创新差距 |
| 256 | and the idea is to compare course content with the frontier publication in the scientific field | 其理念是将课程内容与科学领域的前沿出版物进行比较 |
| 257 | okay and we are going to stay a course has a higher gap if it is less similar to the | 好吧,我们要保持一条航线 有一个更高的差距,如果它不类似于 |
| 258 | newer research but more similar to the old research but it would have a lower gap okay if it is more | 较新的研究,但与旧的研究更相似 但差距会更小 |
| 259 | similar to newer research meaning that it's good right if it is closer and I just I gave you the | 和较新的研究相似 意思是如果更接近就很好 我只是给了你 |
| 260 | example my wife actually is also a professor here at Yale she teaches introduction to statistics | 举个例子 我妻子也是耶鲁大学的教授 她教统计学 |
| 261 | she is a statistician she's in the statistics department and if you ask her what kind of | 她是一个统计学家 她在统计部门 如果你问她什么类型的 |
| 262 | statistics courses that she took when she was a student 12 years ago and ask what kind of courses | 12年前她做学生时所学的统计课程 问哪些课程 |
| 263 | that she teaches today it's actually quite different why because you introduce new type | 她今天教书,其实很不一样 因为你引进了新类型 |
| 264 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}把学生与不同前沿知识联系起来的话题 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}她现在投入了更多 | |
| 265 | categorical data like logistic regressions and so on so forth or splice and so on all those | 绝对的数据,如后勤回归等等 诸如此类,或螺旋等等 |
| 266 | things are preparing the students for computer science data science as well as machine learning | 东西正在准备 学生的计算机科学数据科学 以及机器学习 |
| 267 | ai that will that a lot of students are quite useful to for a lot of students those are quite | 也就是说,很多学生对很多学生来说 很有帮助,他们相当 |
| 268 | useful to them so this is kind of the idea that we have in mind but how can we actually do that | 对他们有用 所以这就是我们所想的 但怎样才能做到 |
| 269 | we're going to apply approach that use textual similarities between syllabus and the top | 我们要采用的方法 使用文字相似的 教学大纲和顶部 |
| 270 | publications that we collected basically we know what our frontier knowledge through scientific | 我们收集的出版物 基本上我们知道 我们的前沿知识 通过科学 |
| 271 | publications through job postings right because when universities when companies and so on | 通过职位发布出版物的权利,因为当大学时,公司等等 |
| 272 | are putting their job postings online we know their text and you will get a sense of how what | 我们知道他们的短信 你会发现什么 |
| 273 | of skills are desired on the labor market and we can see whether university courses are actually | 我们可以看到,大学课程是否实际存在。 |
| 274 | equipping students or preparing students for those kind of stuff right and then we're going | 给学生们准备这些东西 然后我们就走 |
| 275 | to construct the education innovation ratio gap gap ratio as the ratio of similarity measures | 将教育创新差距比作为类似性衡量标准的比例 |
| 276 | between my similarity to the old versus new okay to give you a sense we have a syllabi we have the | 我和新旧的相似 让你觉得我们有一个音节 |
| 277 | type of scientific dictionary to categorize them into vectors and we're going to weigh the | 科学词典的种类 把它们分类成矢量 |
| 278 | vectors through their relative frequency those are all part of the natural language processing | 矢量通过其相对频率,它们都是自然语言处理的一部分 |
| 279 | and then we can look at the cosine similarity measures between those kind of documents which | 然后我们再看看这些文档之间的 宇宙相似度测量 |
| 280 | gives us okay the gap app as the measure of okay how similar i am with 15 year old knowledge | 以我15岁知识的相似性为尺度 |
| 281 | versus past year's knowledge and as can you imagine as this gap goes up it means that | 与去年的知识相比,你可以想象,随着这一差距的扩大,这意味着 |
| 282 | my similarity with the old knowledge are really high i'm teaching a lot of old stuff | 我和旧知识的相似度很高 我教了很多老东西 |
| 283 | versus the new ones the gap would be high right but reversely if the gap is low it means that | 与新的差距相比,差距将是很高的,但如果差距是低的则相反,这意味着 |
| 284 | i teach a lot of new stuff therefore the numerator is really sorry the denominator is really high | 我教了很多新东西,所以算术真的很抱歉 分母真的很高 |
| 285 | in that case it will be it will be a lower gap force which is what we consider to be | 在这种情况下,它将是一个较低的差距力量,这是我们认为的。 |
| 286 | quite useful okay it will be quite useful so with this technique in hand what did we show | 相当有用,好吧,它会相当有用 所以有了这个技术,我们展示什么 |
| 287 | okay first we you perhaps don't have even though in the end we are going to try to create a ranking | 好吧,首先,也许你没有 虽然最后,我们将尝试 创建一个排名 |
| 288 | based on that and so on so forth but you perhaps do not have those kind of information how can you | 以此为根据,等等... ...但你也许没有这种信息... ...你怎么能... |
| 289 | signals okay how can you find signals from universities can help you to extract information | 如何从大学找到信号 帮助你提取信息 |
| 290 | about what kind of universities have a lower gap which is basically universities could equip you | 关于哪类大学有较低的差距 基本上大学可以装备你 |
| 291 | with up-to-date technologies and we're going to ask three questions first how should we think about | 我们首先要问三个问题 我们该怎么考虑 |
| 292 | school level differences in terms of providing access to frontier knowledge to their students | 学校在向学生提供获得前沿知识的机会方面存在差异 |
| 293 | that is how can we find such signals how can we find those that can actually help you to | 我们怎样才能找到这样的信号 我们怎样才能找到能帮助你 |
| 294 | guide help to guide you to find universities with those kind of lower gap traits and then second | 指南帮助您找到那些差距较小的大学,然后是第二 |
| 295 | we want to look at okay professors are doing research and so on in fact a lot of your | 我们想看看好吧 教授们在做研究 事实上你有很多 |
| 296 | tuitions goes into your professor research budget and then how should we think about | 学费会花在教授的研究预算中 然后我们该怎么考虑 |
| 297 | professors research is that going to be a useful thing that could complement their teaching that | 教授的研究是,这将是一个有用的东西 能够补充他们的教学 |
| 298 | could eventually benefit you and also when you for example in the universities right what kind | 最终会给你带来好处 以及当你在大学里的时候 |
| 299 | of courses should you pick right like based on the professor's research profile their titles and so | 你是否应该根据教授的 研究简介来选好课程 题目,所以 |
| 300 | forth what are really useful to you and then the third is how should we think about the course | 而第三个是我们应该如何思考方向 |
| 301 | content related to students outcome is that actually useful because i guess a lot of students | 与学生成绩相关的内容 实际上是有用的 因为我猜很多学生 |
| 302 | at least think like going to college has a bunch of consumption value in it that is it's just for | 至少想想上大学 里面有一大堆消费价值 只是为了 |
| 303 | fun to meet people and so i do not dispute with any of that but do we at least know the course | 很高兴见到大家 所以我不反对 但至少我们知道怎么走 |
| 304 | content would at least matter a little bit to our career outcomes and specifically for what | 内容至少对我们的事业成果有一点关系, 特别是对于什么 |
| 305 | students those outcomes are like those links between course and or your education with the | 这些结果就像课程与你的教育之间的联系 |
| 306 | outcome are useful and i can preview it to you a little bit if you come from a family right that | 结果是有用的,我可以给你预览一下 如果你来自一个家庭的权利 |
| 307 | is already well connected and quite wealthy and comfortable perhaps course content to your future | 已经紧密相连 相当富有和舒适 也许课程内容 与你的未来 |
| 308 | outcome is not that important but if you are determined and your feminine background forces | 成果不是那么重要,但如果你有决心 和你的女性背景力量 |
| 309 | right to actually just need to earn your own career and really fight very hard to get a bright | 需要自己挣钱 拼命奋斗才能获得光明 |
| 310 | future then the course content is going to be really helpful okay i'm going to go to details | 以后课程内容会很有帮助的 好吧,我详细谈谈 |
| 311 | to any to some of that but i'm going to now show you the three findings that i have the first is | 但我现在要告诉你 我第一个发现的是 |
| 312 | access to frontier knowledge and we basically link the education innovation gap with a bunch | 我们基本上把教育创新的差距 和一串 |
| 313 | of public school characters okay and first as you can see public universities okay generally has a | 公立学校的人物 好吧 首先你可以看到公立大学 |
| 314 | slightly higher gap okay slightly higher gap and labor arts college even though you think they are | 差距稍大 差距稍大 和劳动艺术学院,尽管你认为 |
| 315 | labor arts they're teaching potentially the classics and so on you do not see them to have | 劳动艺术,他们可能 教授经典等等 你看不到他们有 |
| 316 | a higher gap compared to you other universities mainly because they highlight teaching quite a | 与其他大学相比差距更大,主要是因为它们突出教学 |
| 317 | and their professors really spend a lot of time crafting their teaching materials right for those | 而他们的教授们真的花了很多时间 来为他们准备教材 |
| 318 | of you who are worried about labor arts college teaching very outdated stuff no that does not | 你们这些担心劳动艺术学院 教那些过时的东西的人 没有这些 |
| 319 | seem to be the case in fact they teach quite up-to-date stuff despite their concentration | 似乎情况是,事实上,他们教 相当最新的东西 尽管他们集中 |
| 320 | on classics research intensity really really matters that is if you know this so-called | 研究强度真的很重要 如果你知道这个所谓的 |
| 321 | Carnegie R1 which is the research intensity of a university that is a very key determinant | 卡内基R1,这是大学的研究强度 一个非常关键的决定因素 |
| 322 | of what kind of courses that you can get because you can see Carnegie R1 research intensive | 因为你可以看到卡内基R1研究密集型 |
| 323 | universities has a systematic lower gap which is closer to the frontier compared to other | 与其他大学相比,大学的差距更小。 |
| 324 | universities and money matters as not surprisingly you can see universities endowment instructional | 大学和金钱并不奇怪,你可以看到 大学捐赠教学 |
| 325 | expenses instructional salary as well as research expenses is a very very precise | 教学工资和研究费用非常精确 |
| 326 | predictor of the education innovation gap and also if you actually try to look at school rankings | 教育创新差距的预测器,以及如果您真的想看看学校排名 |
| 327 | you can see people call those ivy or ivy plus which is the ivy league plus four elite universities | 你可以看到人们称为常春藤或常春藤加盟 是常春藤加盟四所精英大学 |
| 328 | duke chicago mit and stanford and highly selective and selective you can see that | 奇卡戈・米特和斯坦福德公爵 以及非常有选择性和选择性的你可以看到 |
| 329 | it is the those universities are called those universities for some reason right they are | 因为某种原因,这些大学被叫做大学 |
| 330 | providing courses that are better than the rest of the other the rest of the universe okay the | 提供比其他课程更好的课程 宇宙其他部分 |
| 331 | run the rest of the universe okay and the students demographic students have with different | 管理宇宙的其余部分 和学生人口 学生有不同的 |
| 332 | demographics actually have access to those kind of different universities as well and you can see | 人口统计学确实可以进入这些不同的大学,你可以看到 |
| 333 | okay all those thoughts yes the sign seems to be suggesting there are some relationship but what's | 好吧,所有这些想法是的 标志似乎暗示有一些关系 但是什么 |
| 334 | the economic magnitude right like how should we think about how much did we lose in terms of | 经济规模,就像我们应该如何思考 我们损失了多少 |
| 335 | going into different universities like yes they're teaching different stuff but how much are these | 像是一样进入不同的大学 他们教不同的东西 但是这些是多少 |
| 336 | okay and we did a simulation based quantification basically how should we think about the difference | 好吧,我们做了一个模拟量化 基本上,我们应该如何思考 区别 |
| 337 | across different universities how much did we lose for example for the same course okay and some | 在不同的大学里 我们损失了多少 比如说在同一个课程上 |
| 338 | are teaching older stuff and some are teaching new stuff how much older stuff did we actually | 教老东西 有些教新东西 多少老东西 我们实际上 |
| 339 | lose in this what does it mean if you actually compare ivy plus plus other schools and the gap | 如果你真的比较常春藤加其他学校 和差距,那意味着什么? |
| 340 | between them is equivalent to a nine percent course content difference in terms of some like | 两者之间的课程内容差异相当于9% |
| 341 | other schools are teaching 10 older stuff well the slightly more selective universities | 其他学校在教授10种更古老的东西 比较有选择的大学 |
| 342 | are picking 10 newer stuff compared to the other universities and similar things you can do the | 和其他大学相比 选十种新东西 |
| 343 | calculations for the endowment for public universities and so on so forth okay i mean | 计算公立大学的捐赠等等,好吗? |
| 344 | this does not mean that you shouldn't go to those universities remember there's a cost difference | 这并不意味着你不应该去那些大学 记得有成本差异 |
| 345 | across that as well right because some universities are just easier as well as like less costly to go | 因为有些大学比较容易 也比较便宜 |
| 346 | to and that's still very very good but if you decide to go there make sure that you know that | 如果你决定去那里 确保你知道 |
| 347 | you want to make sure that what you learn is still up to date and so on maybe reach proud | 你想确保你学到的 仍然更新,等等... ... |
| 348 | uh actively outside to know what what you can get out there okay and the second is how should we | 嗯,积极外面 知道你能得到什么 在那里好吗 第二是我们应该如何 |
| 349 | think about like okay after you go into a university what kind of courses from which | 在你上大学后好好想想 什么样的课程 |
| 350 | whose course should you take which professor's course should you take in order to get good | 你该选哪门教授课程才能学好 |
| 351 | good exposures to new knowledge of course you should always trust reputation because the people | 当然,你应该永远相信名誉 因为人民 |
| 352 | ahead of you took the course they know how useful certain things are there's no problem with that | 在你走之前,他们知道 某些东西有多有用 没有什么问题 |
| 353 | but if you actually want to know okay if i just look at it or you are just selecting universities | 但是如果你真的想知道 好吧,如果我只是看它 或者你只是选择大学 |
| 354 | you're looking at the university teaching profile what should you pick faculty research quality is | 你在看大学的教学概况 你该选什么系的研究质量 |
| 355 | the number one predictor of the course content okay and that is the professor's research | 课程内容的头号预测器好,这是教授的研究 |
| 356 | productivity is a strong predictor of how well the content will serve you in the future here | 生产力是预测未来 内容能为您提供多少好处的有力指标 |
| 357 | we can measure the correlation between the education innovation gap with the research | 我们可以衡量教育创新与研究之间的关联 |
| 358 | of faculty members in terms of number of publications their general impact based on | 按出版物数量统计的教职员人数 |
| 359 | the citations they receive as well as their scientific grants that receive from different | 他们收到的引用及其科学赠款 |
| 360 | agencies you can basically see the education innovation gap okay is much lower with university | 大学教育创新差距要小得多 |
| 361 | professors that have a much higher uh citation or research impact okay basically teachers who | 教授的引用或研究影响要高得多 基本上可以让老师 |
| 362 | do better research they actually do better teaching as well okay they do better teaching as well it's | 做更好的研究 他们实际上做的更好 教学,好,他们做的更好 |
| 363 | not like the general sense like oh the teacher who does good research our nerves cannot communicate | 不像一般的感觉 像哦 老师谁做好的研究 我们的神经无法沟通 |
| 364 | and so on no it's no longer the case just uh uh just uh just to know that when you pick uh | 所以,不,它已经不是案件 只是... 只是为了知道 当你选择... |
| 365 | university professors which courses and so on and also there's this general trend in u.s higher | 大学教授 教授课程等等, 还有这种总的趋势 在U. |
| 366 | education education in general that we have a lot of adjunct lectures uh in universities right i | 教育 教育 教育 教育 教育 教育 教育 教育 教育 |
| 367 | mean my cousin actually goes to a very famous university in the u.s right and then she is applying | 我表妹真的去了一个非常著名的大学 然后她申请 |
| 368 | uh to graduate school at this moment and i look at the transcript and i was shocked by how many | 嗯,现在的研究生院 我看了笔录 我震惊了多少 |
| 369 | adjunct lectures and professors courses that she had to take okay and if you actually look at the | 辅助讲座和教授课程,她必须接受,如果你真的看 |
| 370 | current composition you can see this is nearly half of university staff teaching staff at this | 现在的构成,你可以看到 这是近一半的大学教职员工 在这个 |
| 371 | moment okay and what does it mean the problem with that is that if you actually look at the | 好吧,这是什么意思 问题在于如果你真的看 |
| 372 | education across drop titles the tenure track faculty members that are research active have a | 积极从事研究工作的终身教职员工 |
| 373 | much lower one particularly the young professors okay the young professors at this moment are where | 更低的一位,尤其是年轻的教授... ...... ...... ...... |
| 374 | you have the best bet on to some extent of course the senior professors can give you different type | 高级教授可以给你不同的类型 |
| 375 | of insights but if you say okay what does the data tell us the professors who are still young | 如果你能说清楚 数据告诉我们哪些教授还年轻 |
| 376 | and very research active are where they're actually introducing a lot of new content you can balance | 并且非常活跃的研究 在那里他们实际上 引入了很多新的内容 你可以平衡 |
| 377 | that with a lot of senior professor who can give you connections networks as well as the basic | 与很多高级教授 谁可以给你 连接网络和基础 |
| 378 | guidance and advice and so on but make sure that you should trust with some of the research active | 指导和咨询等,但要确保您能够信任一些活跃的研究 |
| 379 | young faculty members when you pick your courses and so on because that's a great predictor of how | 年轻教职员工在选择课程时, 因为这是一个很好的预测 |
| 380 | the contents will be and also does education okay i have tried to convince you that you need to | 内容会是,教育也会是,好吗? |
| 381 | really take care of your education content where what you learn in universities but does it but | 真正照顾你的教育内容 当你在大学学到什么,但这样做。 |
| 382 | but does it even matter the answer is yes what you learn actually matter it's not only the buddies | 答案是肯定的 你所学的不是朋友 |
| 383 | that you know in the universities that actually matter or you get a diploma from a reputable | 你知道在大学中 真正重要的 或者你得到文凭 从声誉 |
| 384 | university that matters yes they matter quite a bit but what you learn really matters as well | 大学很重要,他们很重要 但你学到的东西也很重要 |
| 385 | a one standard decline gap that is one standard deviation a standard unit of decreasing getting | 一个标准下降差距,即一个标准偏差,一个标准减少单位 |
| 386 | closer to the gap is associated with eight percent increase in graduation rates and seven percent | 离差距更近的是毕业率上升了8%和7%。 |
| 387 | increase in your future income annually okay this is a very very big jump and particularly | 增加你未来的收入 年。 。 |
| 388 | if you are from more humble background where you're not going to use family network family | 如果你来自更谦卑的背景 在那里你不会使用家庭网络家庭 |
| 389 | wealth and so on so forth to give you a kick start of your own career in that case having | 财富等等 让你开始自己的职业生涯 |
| 390 | learned more useful stuff is particularly useful to you okay it's particularly useful to you it's | 学到更多有用的东西对你们特别有用,对你们特别有用 |
| 391 | very easy to understand this why because you are the those kind of students are the people who | 很容易理解 为什么因为你是那种学生 |
| 392 | are going to the interview room to really show your muscles and your skills and so on in order | 准备去面试室 展示你的肌肉和技能等等 |
| 393 | to get the job without additional help okay therefore learning useful content is particularly | 在没有额外帮助的情况下找到工作 学习有用的内容是特别的 |
| 394 | important for them and for those kind of kids that the jump in terms of income is even higher | 对于他们和那些 收入跳跃甚至更高的孩子来说 |
| 395 | it's like 10 percent rather than seven percent okay it's a very very important this is also | 这就像10%,而不是7%... ... |
| 396 | related to your future graduate school admissions and so on so i don't have time to show any of that | 关于你将来的研究生录取,等等 所以我没有时间去展示 |
| 397 | but in summary what i try to do in this type of research is basically to tell you if you think | 但总而言之,我试图在这种研究中做的是 基本上告诉你 如果你认为 |
| 398 | about your education really think about what you're getting out of universities and course content | 关于你的教育 真正思考什么 你走出大学 和课程内容 |
| 399 | is very very important really no matter where you are you're picking universities or you're | 无论你在哪里选择大学还是你 |
| 400 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}在大学里 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}试着选择课程 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}确保你把这东西放进去 | |
| 401 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}但愿这些研究对你很有用 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}我正在运行一段时间 | |
| 402 | let me spend three minutes on the second topic that i really care about and i just want to give | 让我花三分钟谈第二个话题 我真的很关心 我只想给 |
| 403 | you my perspective on this just in case some of you are really thinking about this issue that is | 我对这件事的看法 以防你们中有些人真的在想这个问题 |
| 404 | well a lot of the students at this moment are thinking about universities as a jump board | 此时此刻很多学生 都把大学当作跳板 |
| 405 | for your startup activities for your entrepreneurial efforts down the road | 创业活动 |
| 406 | i want to be entrepreneur university is a place i'm going to meet my partner having resources get | 我想成为企业家 大学是一个我要去的地方 我的合作伙伴有资源获得 |
| 407 | help with professors and and and use the time because you were in high school you're super | 帮助教授,利用时间 因为你在高中,你是超级 |
| 408 | busy now i'm adults i'm in university let me start up my company and so on and not surprisingly | 现在很忙,我是成年人 我在大学里 让我开始我的公司之类的事 |
| 409 | entrepreneurship education is now as a result of important components in higher education i in fact | 创业教育是高等教育的重要组成部分。 |
| 410 | teach entrepreneurial courses and yale has a ton of resources and similarly in other universities | 教授创业课程,耶鲁拥有大量资源,在其他大学中也是如此。 |
| 411 | as well and many students come into the university with this explicit goal to start up a company | 以及许多学生来到大学 明确的目标是创办公司 |
| 412 | is this a good educational investment both in terms you're paying 60 000 a year tuition | 你每年要付六万元学费 这是否是一笔很好的教育投资? |
| 413 | in the top university in the u.s and you're spending the very very valuable time between the | 在美国顶尖的大学里 你花费了非常宝贵的时间 |
| 414 | of 18 to 22 okay in order to do that is that on average a good investment that's the question i | 18到22是好的 为了做到这一点, 平均来说,一个良好的投资 是问题i |
| 415 | want you to ask yourself especially after trading off the returns and risks maybe the answer is yes | 想要你问自己,特别是在交换回报和风险之后 也许答案是肯定的 |
| 416 | because i guess those are the people that you have in mind maybe we are a different type of generation | 因为我猜你所想的就是这些人 也许我们是另一代人 |
| 417 | you have different idols but these are the people that i grew up knowing as university | 你们有不同的偶像,但是这些是我在大学时认识的人 |
| 418 | uh students who come to universities and start up the companies of course they all dropped out | 来大学创办公司的学生当然都退学了 |
| 419 | of college that's a different story but this is for those of you who are really kind of young | 大学的故事不一样 但这是给那些 真正年轻的人的 |
| 420 | just to tell you who they are these are this is bill gates right microsoft this is steve jobs he's | 告诉你他们是谁 这是比尔的门 右微软 这是史蒂夫的工作 |
| 421 | no longer with us and he created the apple and this is mark zagerberg who is not in a particularly | 不再和我们在一起了 他创造了苹果 这是马克·扎格伯格 |
| 422 | position at this moment but he created facebook and maybe the answer is yes you thought okay | 此时此刻的位置,但他创建了Facebook 也许答案是,你觉得可以 |
| 423 | we have those kind of good examples and so on but the problem is the good examples | 我们有这些好例子等等 但问题是好例子 |
| 424 | bias your beliefs about how creative college kids are i mean let's look at bigger data rather | 你对大学生的创造力有偏见 我的意思是让我们看看更大的数据 |
| 425 | than only three examples that can motivate you this is the individual innovation uh in | 只有三个例子可以激励你 这是个人创新 呃... |
| 426 | individuals innovation creative experience curve and what does this tell us is that okay if we look | 个人创新 创造经验曲线 这告诉我们,如果我们看 |
| 427 | at all the scientists that who got nobel prize okay in the past and then look at their top | 过去获诺贝尔奖的科学家们都很好 然后看看他们的顶级 |
| 428 | creative work that got them there okay what where does this uh creativity peak lines up in terms of | 创造力的创造力让他们到达了那里... ... |
| 429 | age and the answer is between 38 to 40 okay and that is why because that is the place where you | 年龄和答案在38到40之间 好,这就是为什么,因为这是你的地方 |
| 430 | got enough experience and polish your creativity and you still have the energy and you got there | 有足够的经验 磨练你的创造力 你仍然有精力,你到了那里 |
| 431 | i'm trying to say okay this is perhaps some signal for you to say okay maybe | 我想说,好吧,也许这是一些信号 让你说,好吧,也许 |
| 432 | the earlier age here is not where the creativity really lines up or the place where you should | 这里的年长 并不是创造力的所在 也不是你该去的地方 |
| 433 | think about starting up and that can give you even a more direct evidence of curves for | 考虑开始,这可以给你更直接的证据 曲线用于 |
| 434 | entrepreneur success lining up with ages this is from a different paper but if you look at | 企业家成功与年龄排队 这是不同的论文,但如果你看看 |
| 435 | the overall u.s startup founders overall they are still kind of lining up between 38 to 42 | 总体来说,他们仍然排在38到42之间 |
| 436 | and overwhelmingly the founders of the top one percent growth startup meaning that's the | 并且绝大多数前1%增长的创始人 都意味着 |
| 437 | where you earn experience and so on so forth and networks and after even graduate school and so on | 在那里你获得经验等等 网络,甚至研究生毕业后等等 |
| 438 | and here similarly this is a what they call the 70 year effect 17 year effect not 70 oh my god | 同样地,这是他们所谓的70年效应 17年效应不是70 哦我的上帝 |
| 439 | 17 year effect that is among the successful startups overwhelmingly it comes from | 17年的影响是成功的初创企业之一 绝大多数来自 |
| 440 | uh people who created their startups between 35 and 44 okay that that is roughly 17 years after | 在35到44岁之间创建初创企业的人 可以知道这大概是17年后 |
| 441 | you graduate from college okay and then all i try to give you this evidence for is to let you to | 你大学毕业还好吧 然后我想给你这个证据 就是让你 |
| 442 | think about this problem okay you are going to get a lot of entrepreneur education which is great | 考虑一下这个问题 好,你会得到很多的企业家教育 这是伟大的 |
| 443 | this is what universities are doing and we i think it is a great thing that we do both in college | 这是大学正在做的, 我认为这是一件伟大的事情 我们两个在大学做 |
| 444 | in business school in engineering schools and so on i teach you courses in all three of them | 在工学院的商学院等等 我教你们三个课程 |
| 445 | but i think give preparing your education in entrepreneurial fields is different from | 但我认为在创业领域为你的教育做准备不同于 |
| 446 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}或者鼓励你马上从大学毕业 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}你每次做 | |
| 447 | that big shift in terms of your choice you will say i'm going to spend two years of my college life | 就你选择的大转变来说 你会说我要花两年的大学生活 |
| 448 | the time and money to do certain efforts in entrepreneurial endeavors is a huge investment | 做一些创业努力的时间和金钱是巨大的投资 |
| 449 | is huge costly you can think about how much you can achieve in two years and how much money that | 你可以考虑两年内能赚多少钱 还有多少钱 |
| 450 | you use okay think about the trade-offs and think about the exposed return that i showed you | 想想我给你看的曝光回报 |
| 451 | and um i i think it's just something um to to be mindful okay so but overall i hope you learned | 我认为这是一些事情,嗯... ... |
| 452 | something useful through this talk i'm sorry i ran out of time a little bit um and uh i i look | 说些有用的话 对不起 我时间不多了 嗯 呃 我看着 |
| 453 | forward to hearing some of your thoughts and if you have any questions please please feel free to | 如果你有任何问题 请随意 |
| 454 | ask again either in english if you feel comfortable or in chinese which i totally welcome as well as | 再次用英语问您是否舒服,或者用中国语问您,我完全欢迎他们 |
| 455 | any dialect that uh that you you prefer using as long as i can understand thank you very much again | 任何你喜欢使用的方言,嗯,只要我能理解,谢谢 |
| 456 | wow thank you very much um professor ma that was really really fascinating um and um i see some | 哇,非常感谢,嗯,教授妈妈 真的很迷人,嗯,嗯,我看到一些 |
| 457 | um likes and enthusiasm in the chat box as well so um i'm sure um you know for those of you have | 嗯,喜欢和热情 在聊天盒里 所以,嗯,我敢肯定,嗯,你知道, |
| 458 | questions um you can start raising your hands or typing them into the chat box oh great um we have | 你可以开始举手 或者把它们输入聊天箱 |
| 459 | a first question from cliff yay uh professor uh it's good to hear from you again uh my name is | 悬崖上的第一个问题 教授 很高兴再次听到你的声音 |
| 460 | clive i went to som mba 19 so i've taken your entrepreneurial finance class i have to say it's | 克莱夫,我去了Som mba 19 所以我上了你的创业融资课 我得说这是 |
| 461 | one of the uh you know very practical and valuable course i've taken at business school | 你认识一个在商学院上过的 实用而有价值的课程 |
| 462 | so it's it's great to hear from you again um it's a very interesting research | 很高兴再次听到你的消息 嗯,这是一个非常有趣的研究 |
| 463 | and somehow it came as a surprise to me that ivy league actually has a narrow innovation gap | 不知怎么的,我感到很惊讶 常春藤联盟实际上 有一个狭窄的创新差距 |
| 464 | because you know intuitively i would think you know ivy league at least you know the the colleges | 因为你直觉上知道 我想你知道常春藤联赛 至少你知道大学 |
| 465 | they are not uh occupation driven uh as a matter of fact our president once said you know it's a | 我们的总统曾经说过 你知道这是个 |
| 466 | shame if we teach the students uh skills you know rather than thinking uh rather than thinking | 可惜我们教学生... ... |
| 467 | um so i'm just thinking you know try to reconcile why the ivy league actually has | 嗯,所以我只是想你知道 试图调和为什么常春藤联盟实际上有 |
| 468 | a narrower innovation gap i wonder whether the professional schools would play a role | 更窄的创新差距 我想知道专业学校是否会发挥作用 |
| 469 | um in in this regard because you know at business school have seen you know accounting classes or | 嗯,在这方面,因为你知道 在商学院 你见过的会计课程或 |
| 470 | finance classes there are always you know very young faces from yale college so when uh maybe | 金融课上总有你认识的 雅尔大学的年轻面孔 所以也许 |
| 471 | you know the professional schools will provide a avenue for ivy league students to learn uh the | 你知道职业学校会为常春藤联赛的学生提供 学习 呃... |
| 472 | technical skills um and i think the best business schools also mostly are ivy league schools | 我觉得最好的商学院也是常春藤联赛的学校 |
| 473 | 除了Princeton 所以我很想知道你是否知道Princeton的学生 | |
| 474 | their innovation gap uh you know whether there's a difference between their innovation gap | 他们的创新差距 你知道他们的创新差距是否不同 |
| 475 | with other ivy league college students so just a curious mind | 和其他常春藤联赛的大学生一起 这么好奇 |
| 476 | this is great so i i think this is actually this is something that we looked into a little bit as | 这是伟大的,所以我认为 这是实际上这是 我们研究了一点点 |
| 477 | well which is so that's actually where i highlighted liberal arts as well which is | 这才是我强调自由艺术的地方 |
| 478 | also a place where they highlight classics highlight about ways to think and so on i want | 也有一个地方,他们强调经典 突出如何思考,等等 |
| 479 | to make three points here right so so the first points i want to make is that teaching classics | 所以我想说的第一点就是教经典 |
| 480 | doesn't mean i teach old stuff right things evolve right things evolve even for example thinking | 不代表我教老东西 正确的事物进化 正确的事物进化 即使是思考 |
| 481 | about discussions about history discussions about like even the hot topics at this moment about | 关于历史讨论的讨论 有关像即使是热门话题 在此刻 |
| 482 | social justice about racial uh diversity relations and so on and so forth thinking about the more | 社会公正,关于种族... 多样性的关系等等... |
| 483 | classic stuff about um how uh about like like those kind of more uh humanity related stuff | 经典的东西嗯,如何嗯喜欢 像那种更... 人性相关的东西 |
| 484 | um there are new views that are often introduced uh and and and and uh and into those kind of uh | 嗯,有新的观点 经常被引入 uh,和和和呃, 和这些类型的 uh |
| 485 | uh into this kind of topics and most of the studies that i showed you is within a topic | 嗯,进入这种主题 和大多数研究 我展示给你是一个话题 |
| 486 | physically we should accept that engineering generally have a lower gap compared to let's | 物理上,我们应该接受 工程的缺口一般比我们小 |
| 487 | humanity or history majors and so on but within that okay different universities differ in terms | 人类或历史专业等等,但在这个范围内,不同的大学在条件上有所不同 |
| 488 | of how quickly they can incorporate up-to-date stuff into this kind of uh into this kind of | 他们能多快地把最新的东西 加入到这种... ... |
| 489 | course teaching and so on and as a matter of fact that's why i said those instructor quality | 课程教学等等,事实上, 这就是为什么我说这些 教员素质 |
| 490 | is very very important okay is very very important that is in a lot of universities you just have | 在很多大学里都很重要 |
| 491 | professors who are so good that can they cannot allow themselves to teach you outdated stuff | 这么好的教授 他们不能自己教你过时的东西 |
| 492 | they put such a high standard on themselves and they do not want to kind of teach you | 他们把这么高的标准 自己,他们不想 那种教你 |
| 493 | um like useless and stuff therefore they select all those things and uh and that's kind of the | 嗯,像无用的东西 因此,他们选择 所有这些东西,呃,这是一种 |
| 494 | first comment i want to i want to say that is you should think about this as a within field change | 首先我想说,你应该把这当成一个内部的改变 |
| 495 | that is i'm comparing let's say engineering with engineering across different universities history | 那就是我比较一下 工程学和工程学 跨越不同的大学历史 |
| 496 | in the other universities and of course yale has a higher uh history uh a component in it um but | 在其他大学 当然耶鲁有更高的历史... ...嗯... ... |
| 497 | even compare history we're just doing a slightly better job um in terms of incorporating up-to-date | 甚至比较历史,我们只是做一个稍好的工作,嗯,结合最新 |
| 498 | stuff right that's the first comment the second comment actually i i really appreciate that you | 这是第一评论,第二评论 我真的很感激你 |
| 499 | asked this question is like it gave me an opportunity to actually give you this perspective of mine | 问这个问题,就像它给了我一个机会 真正地给你 我的观点 |
| 500 | to some of you i'm not trying to force an opinion on you okay but i'm trying to give you this | 对你们中的一些人,我并不想强迫你们发表意见,但我想给你这个 |
| 501 | perspective that is there's this argument about oh universities are places that teaches you how to | 大学是教你如何 |
| 502 | think okay rather than teaches you skills or specific abilities and so on so forth fine | 而不是教你技能 或特定的能力等等 |
| 503 | of course uh go for it but is this a one type that fits all type of story here for is that | 当然,呃,去它,但这是一种类型 适合所有类型的故事在这里 |
| 504 | true for all kinds of students is that right that we teach all students how to think | 我们教所有学生如何思考 |
| 505 | uh i actually i'm not exactly sure that is the case right so i my feeling is that yes for certain | 呃,我其实我不确定 这是完全正确 所以我感觉是肯定的 |
| 506 | type of students who show their interest and intellectual curiosity and ambition it's good | 那种表现出兴趣和智力好奇心和野心的学生 |
| 507 | to teach students how to think and uh and and and so on but maybe for certain students who have a | 教学生如何思考,呃,等等 但也许有些学生有 |
| 508 | more clear academic goal and and and and and who also have certain traits and so on teaching them | 更明确的学术目标 和,还有,还有谁也有 某些特性,等等 |
| 509 | more skills might actually be a good thing right it's going to be good for them in terms of | 更多的技能或许是件好事 对他们有好处 |
| 510 | their career choices as an investment for a college education okay i just want to | 他们的职业选择 作为投资 大学教育 |
| 511 | speak this out loud not not saying like you shouldn't learn how to think | 大声说出来,不要说 像你不应该学习如何思考 |
| 512 | and i in fact this is something that i totally agree that for students in certain universities | 其实我完全同意 对于某些大学的学生来说 |
| 513 | that's definitely something we should do but just keep in mind like it's not might not be | 那绝对是我们应该做的 但是要记住 可能不是 |
| 514 | rule that fits everybody okay it might not be a rule that fits everybody and the third thing | 规则是适合每个人的 好吧,它可能不是一个规则 适合每个人和第三件事 |
| 515 | i want to highlight is that professional schools generally do a much better job in terms of | 我想强调的是,职业学校一般在下列方面做得更好: |
| 516 | introducing those kind of like lower gap skills and so on and one thing | 引进那些像 低差距技能等等,还有一件事 |
| 517 | uh given that you have this yale background that i think why yale does uh better in college education | 嗯,鉴于你有这个耶尔的背景 我认为耶尔为什么在大学教育方面做得更好 |
| 518 | in general is that the last one of the last evidence that i showed you that is they actually | 一般来说,最后的证据之一 我向你们展示,其实他们 |
| 519 | ask really research active faculty members including junior and senior to actually teach | 要求真正从事研究的在职教职员工,包括初级和高级教职员工实际授课 |
| 520 | courses okay and if you like i i work here i know that it's very hard for us to get out of teaching | 好吧,如果你喜欢我在这里工作, 我知道这非常困难 我们离开教学 |
| 521 | like in any way we just we are here we need to teach and we need to teach well that's that's | 就像我们只是在这里 我们需要教,我们需要教好,这就是 |
| 522 | just part of the expectation so i think that's uh uh that's that's something that is um about us | 只是期望的一部分 所以我认为,呃,那是的东西 是我们 |
| 523 | thanks for the question great seeing you again that was very interesting um next up would be | 谢谢你的问候 很高兴再次见到你 这非常有趣 接下来是 |
| 524 | um eric i believe from yale nus uh hi um thank you prof for your amazing talk i'm eric i'm from | 嗯,埃里克,我相信从耶鲁努斯 嗯,嗨,谢谢你的教授 你惊人的演讲 我是埃里克,我是来自 |
| 525 | yale nus college i'm a freshman here and i also have an education startup back in china that i | 耶鲁尼斯大学 我是这里的新生 而且我在瓷器里也有教育的开始 |
| 526 | started back in uh 2016 uh when i was in high school um so this talk has been very interesting | 2016年我上高中时开始的 所以这次谈话很有趣 |
| 527 | and i was wondering uh whether there's any sort of connect research or data into the connection | 我在想,呃,有没有 任何类型的连接 研究或数据与连接 |
| 528 | between higher education and entrepreneurship specifically in china and across different regions | 在高等教育和创业之间,特别是在中国和不同地区 |
| 529 | because i kind of feel like um when i was doing some research into uh china's entrepreneurial | 因为我在研究中国的创业能力时 感觉像是... |
| 530 | world especially a lot of the older generation entrepreneurs are not exactly from higher | 特别是很多老一代的企业家 并不完全来自高阶层 |
| 531 | education backgrounds and i think the sort of um connection that people usually see between | 教育背景 我觉得人们通常会看到 |
| 532 | higher education and entrepreneurship in america may not apply to china especially maybe in different | 美国的高等教育和企业家精神可能不适用于瓷器,特别是在不同的瓷器中。 |
| 533 | {\fn黑体\fs20\shad2\2aH82\3aH20\4aH33\fscx95\3cH592001\be1}在瓷器里,哦,那是个奇妙的问题 {\fn黑体\fs20\shad2\2aH82\3aH20\4aH33\fscx95\3cH592001\be1}答案是我不知道这些 | |
| 534 | of research i would love to know uh some of this uh research um this is really an interesting | 我很想知道一些研究,这真的很有趣 |
| 535 | question actually uh here's a few thoughts that uh really kind of came to mind i'm just sharing | 问题其实呃... 这里有一些想法... ... 呃... |
| 536 | some of my thoughts this is not based on research and so on this is nothing but my uh my own thoughts | 我有些想法不是建立在研究之上的 所以这只不过是我自己的想法 |
| 537 | immediate reaction to some extent the first thing is that i think given the economic reform that | 从某种程度上来说,立即的反应是,我认为,鉴于经济改革, |
| 538 | we've experienced in the past 40 some years right so we need to know that a lot of the evidence | 我们在过去的40年里有过经历 所以我们需要知道 很多证据 |
| 539 | that we saw are are from a very very special historical period okay and that's actually | 我们从一个非常特殊的历史时期 看到了,其实 |
| 540 | also something that i need to remind everybody there's this article that was floating around | 还有一件我需要提醒大家的东西 有篇文章漂浮在周围 |
| 541 | our colleagues in the past couple of days that is how the successful stories distorted people's | 我们的同事在过去几天里 成功的故事如何扭曲人们的 |
| 542 | beliefs that's actually also my example of bill gates mark zuckberg and steve jobs and so on so | 这也是我的例子 比尔门标记Zuckberg 和史蒂夫的工作等等 |
| 543 | forth all those successful stories distorted you and you feel like all the successful stories are | 所有那些成功的故事 扭曲了你 你感觉所有成功的故事是 |
| 544 | within reach and very very doable okay and and you forgot about the specific historical period | 你忘记了具体的历史时期 |
| 545 | and you forgot about the the the psychological bias that you have on those and and you also | 你忘记了你的心理偏执 对这些,你也 |
| 546 | didn't know how many failed right the fact that you only highlight successful stories is uh is uh | 不知道有多少失败了 你只强调成功的故事 |
| 547 | is uh is uh is is is uh it's it's kind of potentially distorting um and and having said | 嗯,是的,是的,是的,这是 一种潜在的扭曲 嗯,而且已经说过 |
| 548 | this general background i think this okay we have a lot of successful stories with people who didn't | 这个一般背景,我想这没关系 我们有很多成功的故事 与人们谁没有 |
| 549 | go to colleges uh and so on and actually reach to certain career as well as entrepreneur success | 进入学院,呃,等等 并实际上接触 某些职业和企业家成功 |
| 550 | it means that personal talent really matters but at the same time you don't want to forget | 意思是个人才华真的很重要 但同时你也不想忘记 |
| 551 | that it is just a golden period of chinese development that it is a testing of not only | 只是中国发展的黄金时期 不仅是考验 |
| 552 | education but the testing of your character of your determinants of your of your courage | 但考验你的性格 你的勇气的决定因素 |
| 553 | and so on so forth right i would say it's going to become much more harder to start up um or to | 诸如此类的,我想说,它会变得更难 开始嗯或 |
| 554 | have a successful uh startup and so on without an education if you actually look at the generation | 有了成功的,呃启动等等 没有教育,如果你真的看 一代 |
| 555 | that we are seeing now right it's it's it's very very different right and another thing actually | 我们现在看到的是,这是非常不同的 右和另一件事实际上 |
| 556 | is specific about distorting is that people love talking about stories when somebody didn't get an | 扭曲是人们喜欢谈论故事 当有人没有得到一个 |
| 557 | education and become very very successful i think that's just like our preference because the story | 我认为这是我们喜欢的,因为故事 |
| 558 | is more dramatic and this admittedly so right i mean it's just more surprising but you perhaps | 更戏剧化 这一点承认如此正确 我的意思是它只是更令人惊讶 但你也许 |
| 559 | didn't know like let's say um from so who was one of the first unicorns and so on like he was a | 并不知道,比如说,嗯... ...所以谁是 最早的独角兽之一... |
| 560 | phd at mit who got physics phd he's one of the most genius person and uh and we forgot about that i | 他是最天才的人之一 而且我们忘了我 |
| 561 | mean i mean because the story has become too cliche because he's just a top student or you're | 我的意思是,因为这个故事已经变得太陈词滥调 因为他只是一个优秀的学生 或者你是 |
| 562 | uh from the beginning of his life it's become oh so yeah sure but you like stories that so that is | 嗯,从他生命的开始,它就变成 哦,所以是肯定的,但你喜欢的故事 所以这是 |
| 563 | one uh the second i think is about the trend in chinese college entrepreneurship trends i think | 一呃,第二,我想是 中国大学创业趋势 我想 |
| 564 | this is where caro and i saw each other again a lot late last year i always feel like and also | 我和Caro去年很晚才再见面 |
| 565 | actually if you look at the documents from the minister of education in china and so on they | 其实你看看中国教育部长的文件 |
| 566 | actually explicitly say this this is for training purposes okay this is for training purposes this | 直接说这是为了训练目的 是为了训练目的 |
| 567 | is extremely useful why because i think having it as a training purpose is extremely proper | 这非常有用 为什么因为我认为把它作为训练目的 是非常合适的 |
| 568 | and appropriate if you actually say we want to have certain amount of students going to start | 如果你真的说我们想让 一定数量的学生开始学习 |
| 569 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}这样根本就没有办法 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}就像不可能 | |
| 570 | so therefore i think students taking the time to do some training and education as i said | 所以我认为学生们需要时间来进行一些培训和教育,就像我说的 |
| 571 | is extremely valuable especially thinking about what could that do 10 years from your graduation | 特别想一想 你毕业十年后能做什么 |
| 572 | um but depending on like whether you actually can do something | 但取决于你是否真的能做点什么 |
| 573 | um immediately after graduating i'm not so sure i mean if you have a good idea go for it i mean | 嗯,刚毕业之后,我不确定 我的意思是,如果你有一个好主意去 |
| 574 | by all means but but but i'm not so sure just uh just uh just my two thoughts thanks a lot um | 但是,我不确定只是... 只是我的两个想法... ... |
| 575 | that was very interesting uh i you know given time i think i'll take the last question from | 这很有趣 呃... ...你知道,有时间... ...我想我会接受最后一个问题 |
| 576 | and professor ma we also have a question in the chat box about if there's a way um people could | 和教授妈妈,我们也有一个问题 在聊天盒里 关于是否有办法,嗯人们可以 |
| 577 | get access to your research conclusions on ranking of the schools especially yeah i mean the research | 获取你的研究结论 学校的排名,尤其是 是的,我的意思是研究 |
| 578 | paper is on my website and um at the same time uh i can put the i can put the link in the chat as | 报纸在我的网站上,嗯 同时,呃,我可以把 我可以把链接 在聊天中作为 |
| 579 | well for the research paper but for the ranking we are at this moment need to discuss with | 对研究论文来说是好的 但对于排名来说 我们现在需要和 |
| 580 | uh people about whether we can do it because it's a much more complicated story | 嗯,人们关于我们能不能做到这一点 因为这是一个更复杂的故事 |
| 581 | a much more complicated story about whether we plan to put out the ranking | 一个更复杂的故事 关于我们是否计划 公布排名 |
| 582 | out there um but i will put the paper's link right now okay great thank you um so we'll | 在那里,嗯,但我会把 报纸的链接 现在,好,谢谢,嗯,所以我们将 |
| 583 | unmute uh salvatore uh hi professor thank you for the talk today it's very informative and | 老师,谢谢你今天的演讲 内容非常丰富 |
| 584 | very inspiring as well um i have a question i actually is a two-part question the first | 也很鼓舞人心,嗯,我有一个问题 其实我是一个两部分的问题 第一个 |
| 585 | part is uh what is the next step for your first research um it's it's already already very um | 这部分是... ...什么是下一步 你的第一个研究... ... |
| 586 | inspiring so i'm thinking what are you going to do for the next step and uh perhaps what do you | 鼓舞人心,所以我在想 你下一步要做什么,也许你该做什么 |
| 587 | discuss in your paper in the discussions uh section and also uh the second part is very small | 在你的论文讨论 在讨论 uh 一节,还有 uh 第二部分非常小 |
| 588 | is what's the name of your ranking will be i guess i mean first of all we don't know yet | 你排行榜上的名字是... ...我想我是说首先我们不知道 |
| 589 | whether we want to put a public ranking and so on we perhaps would need to categorize universities | 我们是否想公开排名等等 我们也许需要把大学分类 |
| 590 | into different clusters and so on too i mean i that to some extent we already show part of that | 我意思是,在某种程度上,我们已经展现了其中的一部分 |
| 591 | um uh in the paper and uh and uh and i i guess if we really need to name it we just name it the | 嗯,呃,在报纸上,嗯,嗯,我想 如果我们真的需要命名它,我们只是命名它 |
| 592 | education innovation gap which is exactly what it is we perhaps even caro knows i don't like | 教育创新差距 这正是它是什么 我们也许甚至Caro知道我不喜欢 |
| 593 | catchy titles i only want to say what it is it is the education innovation gap therefore it's a | 我最想说的是 教育创新的差距 |
| 594 | ranking of that and for the first one i think this is kind of a long-term goal that we have | 排名第一位 我认为这是一个长期的目标 |
| 595 | um of using those data to really kind of think about like looking into like how course selection | 嗯,利用这些数据 真正的那种思考 像看如何选择课程 |
| 596 | by students um really kind of adds value to our returns and what kind of professors really created | 由学生,嗯 真正增加的价值 我们的回报 和什么样的教授 真正创建 |
| 597 | value for their to their students and how universities could i mean reversely right instead | 对学生的价值 以及大学怎么可以指反向正确 |
| 598 | doing ranking actually one thing that we really wanted to do is actually to like doing ranking is | 排行榜实际上 我们真正想做的是 实际上喜欢排行榜 |
| 599 | one thing of using this data right but a more active way of doing it is actually to work with | 使用这个数据的一种正确但更积极的方法 实际上是与 |
| 600 | university administrators to actually help them improve it right it would it would be great if | 大学管理者会帮助他们改善环境 如果能改善环境 那会更好 |
| 601 | everybody does better rather than saying oh we're going to have a ranking of this and and know who | 最好大家不要说 哦,我们定了排名,知道是谁 |
| 602 | is good and so on um i think a more active and constructive way would be to share this with the | 不错,嗯,我想一个更积极和更具建设性的方式 是分享这一点 |
| 603 | administrators to know like okay how can we do this this is our study that shows that your | 管理员要知道什么是好的,我们如何做到这一点 这是我们的研究显示,你 |
| 604 | university could improve here could improve here this is what other universities are teaching in | 大学可以改善这里 改善这里 这是其他大学的教学内容 |
| 605 | similar courses and so on so in some sense that's kind of the type of things we want to do with this | 类似课程之类的 所以,从某种意义上来说,这就是我们想要做的 |
| 606 | um in a in a in a more active way to that as well but that's a great question thank you very much | 嗯,在一个更积极的方式 对于这一点,但 这是一个伟大的问题,谢谢你 |
| 607 | thanks for well we're we're running out of time um for everyone but um professor ma if you don't | 谢谢你的好意 我们没时间了 对大家来说 |
| 608 | mind i think there's um one quick question from the chat box uh it says uh | 不介意,我想有一个问题 从聊天箱 嗯,它说,呃 |
| 609 | should i answer in chinese perhaps i should answer in chinese | 我应该用中国语回答 也许我应该用中国语回答 |
| 610 | 能力因为这些过程都是浅疑默化那学校和老师教师的科研 | |
| 611 | 排名 | |
| 612 | 这个学校的科研能力 | |
| 613 | 能力以及你这个你能选的这些课你接触到的这些老师的科研 | |
| 614 | First, you can look at the rankings. | 首先,可以查看排名. |
| 615 | Second, I think everyone can dig deeper. | 第二,我想每个人都可以深入挖掘。 |
| 616 | What you can actually see is... | 你所看到的其实是... |
| 617 | For example, if you are particular about one thing... | 例如,如果你对一件事特别... |
| 618 | I actually think that students in this department can do it more deeply. | 我实际上认为这个部门的学生可以更深入地做. |
| 619 | In fact, you can go into the professions you like and see what each teacher is doing. | 事实上,你可以进入你喜欢的职业,看看每个老师在做什么。 |
| 620 | If these teachers wrote what they wrote on their CV or website in 2015, 2014, or in the past 4, 3, 4, or 4, 5 years. | 如果这些教师在2015年,2014年或者过去4,3,4,或4,5年里在他们的CV或网站上写下的内容. |
| 621 | They didn't do anything. | 他们什么都没做 |
| 622 | You can probably imagine what kind of situation it is. | 你也许可以想象出什么情况 |
| 623 | Because it's an information age now. | 因为现在是信息时代 |
| 624 | In fact, everyone is very active in updating their information. | 事实上,每个人都非常积极地更新信息。 |
| 625 | In fact, everyone can be more active or more proactive. | 事实上,每个人都可以更加积极或更加主动。 |
| 626 | Go and see different schools, the profession you are interested in, the teacher you are interested in, and so on. | 去看看不同的学校,你感兴趣的专业,你感兴趣的老师等等. |
| 627 | It's like applying for a research project in the past. | 就像过去申请研究项目一样. |
| 628 | How do you do it? | 如何是道. 师曰. |
| 629 | In fact, most of the time, students in this department can actually do this. | 事实上,大多数时候,这个系的学生实际上可以做到这一点. |
| 630 | Because the students in this department are actually getting more and more proactive. | 因为这个系的学生实际上越来越主动. |
| 631 | So I feel that everyone can consider doing these things. | 所以我觉得每个人都可以考虑做这些事情。 |
| 632 | Wow, that's great. | 哇,这是伟大的。 |
| 633 | Thank you very much. | 谢谢 |
| 634 | So we're coming to the end of this very interesting talk and discussion. | 所以我们要结束这个非常有趣的演讲和讨论。 |
| 635 | What I'd like to do is invite everyone who can to turn on your cameras so that we can say thank you to Professor Ma and also take a group photo, which is what we usually do | 我想请所有可以打开相机的人 向马教授致谢 也拍张合影 |
| 636 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}在一次Zoom活动上 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}觉得我们在一起 | |
| 637 | So please turn on your cameras, as many of you as you can. | 所以请打开你的摄像头, 尽可能多的你们。 |
| 638 | So, five, four, three, two, one. | 所以,五,四,三,二,一。 |
| 639 | A big smile for Yale. | 为耶律大笑. |
| 640 | Yay. | 赞 |
| 641 | All right. | 好吧,我们走。 |
| 642 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
| 643 | And thank you so much, Professor Ma, and to all of you who participated. | 非常感谢你,马教授 也感谢你们大家 |
| 644 | We look forward to the next talk. | 我们期待着下一次会谈。 |
| 645 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
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