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耶鲁大学校长2022开学演讲:在耶鲁踏上追寻真理之路

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时间英文中文
0:11It is truly a thrill to welcome all of you,很高兴欢迎你们所有人
0:17our entering students and your family members to our campus进入校园的学生和家人
0:22for our Yale College Opening Assembly.我们的耶鲁学院开幕大会。
0:25Today is the official start今天是正式开始
0:28of your undergraduate education at Yale.在耶鲁的本科生教育。
0:31And on behalf of all my colleagues here on the stage with me,并代表我所有的同事 在舞台上和我一起,
0:35we're delighted this day has arrived.我们很高兴今天到了
0:39As you know, Yale's motto is light and truth.如你所知,耶鲁的座右铭是光明和真理.
0:44Looks at veritas in Latin,看着拉丁文的阴道
0:46wurim, vetumim in Hebrew,乌里姆 希伯来语的兽医
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序号英文中文
1It is truly a thrill to welcome all of you,很高兴欢迎你们所有人
2our entering students and your family members to our campus进入校园的学生和家人
3for our Yale College Opening Assembly.我们的耶鲁学院开幕大会。
4Today is the official start今天是正式开始
5of your undergraduate education at Yale.在耶鲁的本科生教育。
6And on behalf of all my colleagues here on the stage with me,并代表我所有的同事 在舞台上和我一起,
7we're delighted this day has arrived.我们很高兴今天到了
8As you know, Yale's motto is light and truth.如你所知,耶鲁的座右铭是光明和真理.
9Looks at veritas in Latin,看着拉丁文的阴道
10wurim, vetumim in Hebrew,乌里姆 希伯来语的兽医
11and you will see it etched ubiquitously你将看见它无处不在,
12on crests around campus.在校园周围的山峰上
13Today I wanna speak with you about the part of our motto今天我想跟你谈谈我们的座右铭
14we share with many other universities around the world我们与世界上其他许多大学共享
15through their mission, ethos, culture,他们的使命, 精神,文化,
16and that is veritas, or truth.这是真理或真理
17For several years now,几年来,
18even as the world struggled to contain a public health crisis,即使全世界都在努力遏制公共卫生危机,
19we have witnessed the virulent spread我确已目睹凶恶的蔓延,
20of deceptive information, even outright lies.欺骗信息,甚至直截了当的谎言。
21We've seen an assault on expertise,我们已经看到一个攻击 专业,
22an assault on scientific and other scholarly findings,攻击科学和其他学术发现,
23indeed an assault on truth.确是对真理的攻击。
24Hardly a day passes without a report几乎没有一天没有报告
25on someone who has discovered被发现的人
26in the comfort of his or her own home在舒适的家里
27that the scientific experts are wrong about COVID.科学专家对COVID的看法是错误的。
28Hardly a day goes by when someone on the internet几乎一天,当有人 在互联网上
29does not spin some new fact-free conspiracy theory.而不是推开一些新的无事实的阴谋论。
30Historical events we know to be true历史事件,我们知道是真的
31are denied by individuals with nefarious motives.被有邪恶动机的个人拒绝。
32Here are five brief examples.以下是五个简短的例子。
33Earlier this year, some in our country,今年早些时候,一些在我国,
34including those in positions of leadership,包括担任领导职务者,
35depicted a violent mob's attempt描绘了暴徒的企图
36to disrupt the most basic functioning of our democracy破坏我国民主最基本的运作
37by denying an election outcome拒绝选举结果
38as legitimate political discourse.作为合法的政治言论。
39As destructive wildfires, severe drought in some places,作为毁灭性的野火, 在一些地方严重的干旱,
40historic flooding in others在其他国家发生历史性洪灾
41portend a catastrophic climate emergency,预示着一场灾难性的气候紧急情况,
42we see those fateful to unfounded skepticism我们看到那些命中注定的 毫无根据的怀疑论
43disregard overwhelming scientific consensus.无视压倒性的科学共识。
44In some counties in the United States,在美国的一些县里
45half of the residents still do not believe一半的居民仍然不相信
46global climate change is real.全球气候变化是真实的。
47In recent months, Vladimir Putin has propagated最近几个月,弗拉基米尔·普京宣传
48misinformation about rooting out Nazis关于铲除纳粹的错误信息
49as the motivation for his unprovoked invasion of Ukraine.作为他无端入侵乌克兰的动机
50Social media platforms have been mobilized已动员社交媒体平台
51to incite or stoke ethnic violence煽动或煽动种族暴力;
52by propagating falsehoods in countries在各国传播谎言
53like Myanmar and Ethiopia.像缅甸和埃塞俄比亚。
54And finally, a recent defamation trial最后,最近一场诽谤审判
55focused on a notorious conspiracy theorist专注于一个臭名昭著的阴谋论者
56who claims that the murder of 20 school children声称杀害20名在校儿童
57and six adults in Sandy Hook, Connecticut,还有康涅狄格州桑迪胡克的6个成年人
58about a half hour's drive from here,大约半小时的车程 从这里,
59was staged by the US government.是美国政府策划的
60Of course, spreading misinformation is not new.当然,传播错误信息并非新鲜事。
61History teams with the haunting consequences of lies.历史团队有着谎言的困扰性后果.
62Philosopher Hannah Arendt,哲学家汉娜·阿伦特,
63on whom Yale bestowed an honorary degree in 1971,1971年耶鲁授予他荣誉学位,
64writes of some of humanity's darkest chapters写一些人类最黑暗的篇章
65and the malignant regimes that authored them.以及那些恶毒的政权
66The ideal subject of totalitarian rule, she says,她说 极权统治的理想主题
67is not the convinced Nazi or the convinced communist.并不是被说服的纳粹 也不是被说服的共产主义者
68It is rather people for whom the distinction更何况是被区别的人
69between fact and fiction, that is the reality of experience在事实和虚构之间 这就是真实的经验
70and the distinction between true and false,与真假之间的区别,
71that is the standards of thought, no longer exist.这是思想的标准,不再存在。
72Yes, malevolence can feast是的,恶意可以盛宴
73on the environment devoid of veritas.在环境上没有阴茎。
74And at stake, therefore, in the abiding search for truth,因此,在不断寻求真理的过程中,
75is humanity itself.人类本身。
76For our part, colleges and universities就我们而言,大专院校
77must combat the spread of misinformation, propaganda,必须打击传播错误信息、宣传、
78and conjured conspiracy theories.和阴谋论。
79First, by supporting faculty.首先,通过支持教职员。
80They generate scientific data and scholarly insight.它们产生科学数据和学术见解。
81Faculty must be free to disseminate knowledge学校必须自由传播知识
82and teach you to think critically并教你们思考
83about ideas and their sources.关于想法及其来源
84But to do so effectively,但是,为了有效地做到这一点,
85our institutions of higher education, faculty and students,我们的高等教育机构,师生,
86must be open to engaging with diverse ideas,必须愿意接触各种想法,
87whether conventional or unconventional,无论是常规还是非常规,
88of the left or of the right.左边或右边。
89It is Yale's obligation to address the credibility crisis,耶鲁有义务解决信誉危机,
90for we have long stood for the pursuit of truth因为我们一直坚持追求真理
91and devoted ourselves to it.并致力于它。
92Colleges and universities like Yale are home to artists耶鲁等大学都是艺术家的家
93and scholars and scientists and practitioners学者、科学家和从业人员
94who spend their entire lives searching for truth.他们一生都在寻找真理
95Yet, the growing polarization in society around ideas,然而,社会上围绕思想的日益两极化,
96spoken of by your dean, whether embraced or eschewed由你的院长说, 无论是拥抱还是回避
97by a particular faction, impedes the search for truth某一派别,阻碍寻找真相
98and threatens to erode public confidence in expertise,并有可能削弱公众对专门知识的信心,
99minimizing the impact of universities,尽量减少大学的影响,
100precisely when unvarnished truth is so desperately needed.确切地说,当迫切需要真相时。
101Faculty and students, indeed the university itself,学院和学生,实际上大学本身,
102will be viewed as reliable sources of information将被视为可靠的信息来源
103if we do not appear closed off to unpopular如果我们看起来不 关闭不受欢迎
104or otherwise non-mainstream ideas或其他非主流思想
105from thoughtful individuals responsibly articulated.从深思熟虑的个人 负责地阐述。
106Most Americans still have a positive view of universities大部分美国人对大学仍持积极看法
107and consider a college education important认为大学教育很重要
108for future success.未来成功。
109But confidence that higher education但相信高等教育
110has a salubrious impact on society is eroded对社会的有害影响被侵蚀
111by a belief that we will not engage相信我们不会介入
112with ideas that challenge us.有挑战我们的想法。
113So let me discuss a familiar example让我来讨论一个熟悉的例子
114that there has been a steady decline持续下降
115in the percentage of college students占大学生百分比
116who believe the freedom to express unpopular points of view他们相信自由表达不受欢迎的观点
117is secure.这是安全的。
118Actually, it is a myth that students do not want其实,这是一个神话 学生不希望
119their campuses to be home to a broad range of perspectives.他们的校园将拥有广泛的视角。
120They do.没错
121Recent opinion polling by the Knight Foundation骑士基金会最近进行的民意测验
122confirms that most students believe it is more important证实大多数学生认为这更重要
123to be exposed to all types of speech接触各类言论
124than to protect people by prohibiting offensive而不是通过禁止攻击来保护人民
125or biased speech.或有偏见的言论。
126What some refer to as cancel culture有人所说的取消文化
127is not the dominant ideology of students.不是学生的主导思想。
128Here at Yale, which is home to the country's在耶鲁,这里是这个国家的故乡
129oldest collegiate debate society,最古老的社团辩论会,
130students across the political spectrum政治阶层的学生
131can engage in spirited yet civil discussions.能够进行热烈而文明的讨论。
132Yale College students have selected Hillary Clinton耶鲁大学的学生选择了希拉里·克林顿
133as a Class Day speaker and honored both George H.W.作为班级日演讲人 并纪念乔治·H·W
134Bush布什
135and George W. Bush as Yale Undergraduate Lifetime乔治·布什是耶鲁大学本科生
136Achievement Award recipients.成就奖获得者。
137And the university has hosted interactions大学也主持过互动
138between individuals with ideological differences,在意识形态有差异的个人之间,
139such as a recent conversation between Emily例如艾米丽最近的对话
140Bazelon and Ross Duthat and another one巴泽隆和罗斯杜塔 还有另一个
141among four former secretaries of state,在四位前国务卿中,
142Democrats and Republicans.民主党和共和党.
143But let's be frank, it can be difficult但坦白说,这很困难
144to articulate unpopular views on college campuses.在大学校园里表达不受欢迎的观点。
145That Knight Foundation survey that I cited a moment ago我刚才提到的骑士基金会调查
146suggests that only about half of all students说明只有一半的学生
147feel comfortable offering dissenting opinions.提出不同意见感觉很舒服。
148So we need to build on an existing desire among students因此,我们需要在学生的现有愿望基础上再接再厉
149to engage every day in classrooms and dining halls每天在教室和餐厅里活动
150and meeting spaces with different viewpoints和有不同观点的会议空间
151and to appreciate the importance of expressing并赞赏表达
152their disagreement with one another.他们彼此分歧。
153Indeed, in a university setting,在大学里,
154we must be able to distinguish emphatically我们必须能显著区分
155legitimate dissent from outright deceit.合法地反对完全欺骗
156We must make room for beliefs we find objectionable我们必须给信仰留点空间 我们觉得很不妥
157as faithfully as we reject falsehoods we know to be lies.正如我们忠实地否认我们所知道的谎言一样。
158And we must therefore nurture a bias toward openness因此我们必须培养对开放的偏见
159even and especially when this ethos exposes us特别是当这种气质暴露了我们
160to points of view that test our most来考验我们
161strongly held assumptions.强烈持有的假设。
162Such a climate affords the search for truth这样的气氛可以寻找真相
163and the credibility necessary to trust it.和信任它所必需的信誉。
164Of course, as we search for truth,当然,当我们寻找真相时,
165we must be mindful of the power and influence我们必须牢记权力和影响力
166of institutions like Yale.像耶鲁这样的机构。
167We must recognize with humility我们必须谦卑地承认
168that what looks like a truth might not be one.看起来真相可能不是
169I think for instance of our own history,比如说我们的历史
170our resistance to co-education for so long我们反对男女同校这么久
171or our leadership at one time in eugenics.或我们的领导 一次在优生学。
172With power comes great responsibility.权力带来巨大的责任。
173These disturbing realities are why some are reluctant这些令人不安的现实是为什么有些人不愿意
174even to use the word truth in describing our mission.甚至用真理来形容我们的使命
175Nonetheless, at Yale, I've often observed尽管如此,在耶鲁,我经常看到
176our faculty actively encouraging students我们的系积极鼓励学生
177to interrogate data and other ideas presented to them.* 询问提交给他们的数据和其他想法。
178And I've seen students change their minds我见过学生改变主意
179when confronted with contrary evidence.面对相反的证据。
180Every one of you will have that experience你们每个人都会有这种经历
181as part of your Yale education.作为你的耶鲁教育的一部分。
182I suspect you'll have it often.我怀疑你会经常得到它。
183You can enroll in courses that bring together您可报名参加以下课程:
184pairs of professors representing different disciplines代表不同学科的对教授
185who model how looking at a problem谁模拟如何看待问题
186from divergent perspectives can lead to new insights.从不同的观点来看,可以产生新的见解。
187A course on film taught by a film historian and a physicist.电影史学家和物理学家教授的电影课程.
188A course on the nature of choice taught by a philosopher哲学家教授的选择性质课程
189and an economist.和一位经济学家。
190A course on transgender health taught by faculty members教职员讲授的变性人健康课程
191from American Studies and the School of Nursing.来自美国研究学院和护理学院。
192Similarly, in a recent semester,同样 在最近一个学期
193three experts from across the political spectrum来自各政治派别的3名专家
194co-taught a course on the crisis of liberalism共同讲授自由主义危机的课程
195covering the Obama and Trump presidencies.报道奥巴马和特朗普主席
196We will continue to create opportunities like these for you我们将继续为你创造这样的机会
197to have open conversations about contentious, complex issues.公开讨论有争议的复杂问题。
198Opportunities rooted in the reality扎根于现实的机会
199that no ideological block can claim ownership of truth.任何意识形态障碍都不能声称拥有真理。
200That facts pledge no fealty事实不会使你虚荣
201to any of our preferred conclusions.任何我们喜欢的结论。
202And therefore, that evidence must guide the beliefs we hold因此,证据必须指导我们所持有的信念
203rather than conform to them.而不是服从他们。
204In considering this imperative,考虑到这一必要条件,
205I'm reminded of the book, The Death of Truth让我想起了《真理的死亡》
206普利策奖得主Michiko Kakutani,
207an alumna of Yale College, class of 1976,1976年耶鲁学院的校友
208and a champion of the sense of truth we seek to promote.也是我们追求的真理感的捍卫者
209Kakutani's stirring appeal for reason and objectivity卡库塔尼出于理性和客观的动机
210concludes with an especially, if not unnervingly,最后,如果不是紧张的话,
211relevant warning for our era issued by James Madison.詹姆斯·麦迪逊对我们时代的警告
212A popular government without popular information一个没有大众信息的大众政府
213or the means of acquiring it is but a prologue to a force,或获得它的手段,只是部队的前兆,
214I'm sorry, is but a prologue to a farce or a tragedy,抱歉 只是闹剧或悲剧的前奏
215or perhaps both.也许两者兼有
216Indeed, without commonly agreed upon facts Kakutani posits,事实上,没有共同商定Kakutani假设的事实,
217not Republican facts and not Democratic facts,不是共和党的事实,也不是民主党的事实,
218not the alternative facts of today's silo world,而不是今天仓卒时代的另类事实,
219there can be no rational debate over policies,对政策不能进行理性的辩论,
220no substantive means of evaluating candidates没有评价候选人的实质性手段
221or political office,或政治职务,
222and no way to hold elected officials并且没有办法担任民选官员
223accountable to the people.对人民负责。
224Without truth, democracy is hobbled.没有真理,民主就步履维艰。
225The founders recognize this,创始人认识到这一点,
226and those seeking democracy's survival以及寻求民主生存的人
227must recognize it today.今天必须认识到这一点。
228It was all a quote.这都是引言
229I think too of James Hatch,我也觉得詹姆斯·哈奇
230an extraordinary Yale undergraduate一个非常的 耶鲁大学本科
231who spent over two decades他们花了20多年时间
232with the Naval Special Warfare Command海军特别作战司令部
233before returning to complete his college education.在完成大学教育之前
234As he wrote, the climate at Yale他写道,耶鲁的气候
235is one where most students understand是大多数学生理解的
236that there has to be a place必须有一个地方
237where people can assault ideas openly人们可以公开攻击思想
238and discuss them vigorously and respectfully并恭敬地讨论
239in order to improve the state of humanity.为了改善人类的状况
240Yale is committed to the responsibility耶鲁承诺负责
241of promoting the public's trust in academic research,促进公众对学术研究的信任,
242expertise, and the value of higher education高等教育的价值
243by ensuring that Mr. Hatch's experience is typical通过确保Hatch先生的经验是典型的
244of every student every day in every classroom.每天每个学生在每一个教室。
245Philosophy 181 reflects this responsibility.哲学181反映了这一责任。
246In her course, Philosophy and the Science of Human Nature,在她的课程中,哲学和人类自然科学,
247Yale's Faculty of Arts and Sciences Dean Tamara Gendler耶鲁艺术与科学学院院长塔马拉·根德勒
248ties contemporary cognitive science当代认知科学
249which has helped us to gain an understanding帮助我们获得理解
250of how our minds operate我们的心灵如何运作
251to the work of ancient philosophers.给古代哲学家们的作品
252Students in her class consider a new,她班上的学生们考虑一个新的,
253Plato's Allegory of the Cave柏拉图洞穴的特征
254in which people mistake shadows on the wall for reality.人们把墙上的影子误认为是现实
255Dean Gendler walks her students through this allegory院长詹德勒带她的学生走过这个寓言
256to challenge them to consider this question,要求他们考虑这个问题,
257how do you discover truth你怎么发现真相
258given that the human mind is imperfect?既然人类的心灵是不完美的?
259Of course, our limitations pose no impediment当然,我们的局限性没有阻碍
260to the search for truth,寻找真理,
261for they are, in fact, what can power因为事实上,他们能拥有什么
262the curiosity necessary to sustain it.需要的好奇心来维持它。
263By embracing our humility,通过接受我们的谦卑,
264we can broaden our understanding.我们可以扩大我们的理解。
265So at Yale, we will not merely reaffirm所以在耶鲁,我们不会仅仅重申
266what you already think as you arrive,你来的时候已经想好了
267we will instead provoke you to uncover我们会激怒你揭穿
268all you do not know before you leave.你离开之前不知道的
269We will fine tune your ability to sift facts from falsehood我们会好好调整你的能力 从谎言中找出事实
270for the core of a liberal education自由教育的核心
271is comprised of reason, logic, and critical thinking.由理性、逻辑和批判性思维组成。
272Soon you will be the beneficiary of such an education,你将受这种教育,
273yet it behooves you also to be an active participant in it你也应该积极参与其中
274as students and then in due course as alumni.作为学生,然后在适当的时候作为校友。
275And so today, as you begin your college career,今天,当你开始你的大学生涯时,
276I call on all of us to promote我呼吁我们所有人促进
277a truth seeking climate at Yale在耶鲁寻找气候的真相
278in every seminar, in every residential college,每个研讨会,每个寄宿学院,
279and in every late night conversation在每晚的谈话中
280to echo our dean by being willing to entertain ideas来回响我们的院长 愿意娱乐想法
281with which we do not agree,我们不同意,
282by being willing to extend grace愿意宽宏大量
283and assume positive intent by listening carefully,并谨听从。
284by thinking deeply, and by speaking with empathy深思熟虑 用同情心说话
285{\fnSIMHEI\fs22\1cHFFFFFF\3cHFF8000}还有谅解
286Let us together elevate the virtues of tolerance让我们一起提升宽容的美德
287and engagement and reject the culture of public shaming,并劝善戒恶,
288doxing, and ostracism.吸食和排斥。
289And in time tested tradition,在时间检验传统,
290let us strengthen the open discourse让我们加强公开讨论
291that has for centuries been a hallmark数百年来,这一直是个标志
292of our intellectual community at Yale.我们的知识界在耶鲁。
293And that has produced the scholarship并产生了奖学金
294and scientific breakthroughs和科学突破
295that have improved the world well beyond it.使世界大大超越了它。
296By doing so, you can develop expertise这样,你就可以发展专业知识
297and also help to rescue its standing.也帮助拯救它的地位。
298You can, in an increasingly dark world,你可以,在一个越来越黑暗的世界,
299bring veritas to looks,带马鞭草来看
300and perhaps equally as vital in a fragmented world,在分裂的世界中,也许同样至关重要,
301bring looks to veritas, light to truth.带给视线, 光明的真理。
302Welcome to Yale.欢迎来到耶鲁
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