从本土实践到全球经验，耶鲁×NGO×亚洲研究所专家带你探索可

从本土实践到全球经验，耶鲁×NGO×亚洲研究所专家带你探索可持续发展教育未来路径

发布于 2025-12-14 · 时长 1:23:59

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:04	Good evening, everyone.	大家晚上好,我们走
0:05	I'm Helen Sun, president of Yale Club of Beijing.	我是北京耶鲁俱乐部主席海伦·孙.
0:09	It's my honor to welcome you all, both here in person and those joining us online.	我很荣幸欢迎你们所有人, 无论是亲自到这儿来,还是在网上加入我们的人。
0:16	Today, we are very fortunate to have four distinguished Yale and Columbia alumni with us,	今天,我们非常幸运有四个杰出的耶鲁和哥伦比亚校友与我们在一起,
0:22	talking about how education for sustainable development responds to rural crisis.	讨论教育促进可持续发展如何应对农村危机。
0:30	Our panelists are Gordon Jewell, former associate dean for international engagement at Yale School of Environment.	我们的小组成员是Gordon Jewel 前耶鲁环境学院国际参与助理院长
0:41	Welcome.	欢迎
0:44	I'm pleased to be here.	我很高兴在这里。
0:48	和Emmanuel Pestrack,亚洲研究院院长.
0:53	Welcome.	欢迎

展开字幕全文（937 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	Good evening, everyone.	大家晚上好,我们走
2	I'm Helen Sun, president of Yale Club of Beijing.	我是北京耶鲁俱乐部主席海伦·孙.
3	It's my honor to welcome you all, both here in person and those joining us online.	我很荣幸欢迎你们所有人, 无论是亲自到这儿来,还是在网上加入我们的人。
4	Today, we are very fortunate to have four distinguished Yale and Columbia alumni with us,	今天,我们非常幸运有四个杰出的耶鲁和哥伦比亚校友与我们在一起,
5	talking about how education for sustainable development responds to rural crisis.	讨论教育促进可持续发展如何应对农村危机。
6	Our panelists are Gordon Jewell, former associate dean for international engagement at Yale School of Environment.	我们的小组成员是Gordon Jewel 前耶鲁环境学院国际参与助理院长
7	Welcome.	欢迎
8	I'm pleased to be here.	我很高兴在这里。
9	和Emmanuel Pestrack,亚洲研究院院长.
10	Welcome.	欢迎
11	Thank you for having me.	谢谢你邀请我
12	And our panelists in person, Pat Yang, president and co-founder of Zigen Fund.	和我们的小组成员,帕特·杨,齐根基金总裁和联合创始人。
13	Welcome.	欢迎
14	And our moderate April Hu, chair of the Yale International Alliance.	还有我们温和的四月胡,耶鲁国际联盟主席.
15	Welcome, all panelists.	欢迎各位嘉宾
16	Now the stage is yours, April.	现在舞台是你的了,四月。
17	Thank you very much, Helen, who is president of Yale Beijing.	非常感谢,现任耶鲁北京大学校长的海伦.
18	She just mentioned Yale Club of Beijing.	她刚刚提到耶鲁北京俱乐部.
19	And today, we are all here together.	今天,我们都在这里。
20	And I was just referring to the moon.	我只是在说月亮
21	The moon is a round moon.	月为圆月.
22	中文为yuán.
23	And we are all here, yuán fèn, in the Chinese word, which is we are, for whatever reason, got together in a round way.	我们都在这里,Yuán fèn,用中文来说,这就是我们,无论出于什么原因,都以圆形的方式聚集在一起。
24	And it links to this idea of also sustainability.	它与可持续性的概念相关联。
25	That's such a big stretch of a metaphor.	这是一个很大的比喻。
26	But it's also about a cycle.	但也涉及一个循环.
27	And I'm extremely honored.	我非常荣幸
28	Of course, who is making this happen is because of the host.	当然,谁是促成这种情况的,是因为东道主。
29	The host is Yale Center Beijing, and also Yale Club Beijing, and ourselves as a part of Yale International Alliance as an international alumni group.	主办单位是耶鲁北京中心,以及耶鲁北京俱乐部,我们自己作为耶鲁国际联盟的一部分,作为一个国际校友团体.
30	So today, as mentioned by Helen, very honored to have several panelists join us from both here in China, Pat Yang,	因此,今天,正如海伦提到, 非常荣幸有几位小组成员与我们一起来自中国这里,帕特杨,
31	and also coming in from New Haven, Professor Gordon Jabal, and also from Tokyo, Emmanuel Pastrich.	还有来自纽黑文的戈登·贾巴教授还有东京的埃马纽埃尔·帕斯特里希
32	The format of today is that each member will be presenting 15 minutes of a comment about how education for civil development addresses the rural crises with case studies from China, Haiti, Japan.	今天的形式是,每个成员将通过中国、海地、日本的案例研究,就教育促进公民发展如何解决农村危机提出15分钟的评论。
33	And after each one of them will present 15 minutes, they're about 10, 15, but I'll be the timekeeper that it won't be longer than 15.	在他们每人15分钟后, 他们大约是10,15, 但我会是计时员,不会超过15。
34	Then the panelists will then discuss amongst themselves what they just shared.	然后小组成员将讨论他们刚刚分享的内容。
35	And I had promised Professor Jabal yesterday that we will definitely stick with our 13 minutes question and answer.	我昨天答应Jabal教授我们一定会坚持13分钟的问答
36	This is a discussion, it's a roundtable, Yuan, and the purpose is really for cross-dialogue.	这是一场讨论,是一场圆桌会议,袁,目的真的是为了进行交叉对话.
37	So not only those who are here tonight, but also those who are online.	所以,不仅是那些今晚在这里的人, 还有那些在线上的人。
38	I know many have gotten up really early on the West Coast, even three in the morning.	我知道有很多人在西海岸很早起床甚至凌晨三点
39	There's six on the East Coast, and also those in Europe, and also many, I think, also in Asia.	东海岸有六个,欧洲也有, 我想亚洲也有很多。
40	So thank you very much all for coming to join in.	因此,非常感谢大家前来参加。
41	And I actually welcome you to think of this as actually a lecture being taught by Professor Jabal.	我其实欢迎你们把这当成是Jabal教授的讲座。
42	He teaches an undergraduate class to the freshmen, a freshman seminar at Yale.	他向新生讲授本科课程,在耶鲁大学举办新生研讨会.
43	And I'd love you to think of this as his course, where he will open the program and then talk about some of the overarching issues of sustainable development.	我非常希望你能把这看作是他的路线, 在那里,他将打开程序,然后谈论一些可持续发展的首要问题。
44	And then we bring in the domain experts, such as other case studies.	然后我们请来域专家,比如其他的案例研究。
45	So I wanted to just also just highlight the definition of what is the rural crisis.	所以我只想强调一下农村危机的定义。
46	And the rural crisis right now is actually a result of the urban crisis.	而现在的农村危机实际上是城市危机的结果。
47	And the rural crisis is a compilation of poverty, of lack of services, poor education, causing enormous drain,	农村危机是贫穷、缺乏服务、教育程度低造成大量排水
48	and also continuous critical cycle of never quite able to come out of a very poor base.	并且持续的关键循环永远无法走出一个非常差的基础。
49	But this is actually also an interesting opportunity.	但这也是一个有趣的机会。
50	And I think Professor Jabal may talk about is sometimes when you have a crisis, you do have an opportunity to actually build back better.	我认为Jabal教授有时会说当你遇到危机的时候, 你确实有机会重建得更好。
51	That we talked about yesterday.	我们昨天谈的
52	And that could also serve as a cushion or a sponge to absorb some of the crisis that we are seeing more and more of today.	这也可以作为一个缓冲或海绵来吸收我们今天所看到的越来越多的危机。
53	So with that as a teaser, I'm delighted to introduce, if you're going to call me Gordon or Professor Jabal, but over to you.	因此,作为一个笑话者,我很高兴介绍, 如果你要叫我戈登或杰巴教授,但给你。
54	The floor is yours.	地板归你了
55	Thank you, April.	谢谢,四月。
56	Well, I'm very pleased to be here.	我很高兴能来
57	And I thank April and the Beijing Center for hosting and the Yale Club of Beijing.	我感谢4月和北京中心主办和北京耶鲁俱乐部。
58	Yale has an extensive network of alumni all over the world.	耶鲁大学拥有遍布世界各地的校友网络.
59	And we love it when we're in contact with all of you, and especially when you come back to New Haven to see us.	我们爱它当我们与你们所有人接触, 尤其是当你回到纽黑文来见我们。
60	So I hope you will.	我希望你会的。
61	I thought I would first start off by introducing myself a little bit.	我想先自我介绍一下
62	I taught at the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, which changed its name a few years ago to the Yale School of the Environment for many, many years.	我在耶鲁大学林业与环境研究学院任教,几年前该学院更名为耶鲁大学环境学院,历时多年.
63	And I did a lot of teaching and a lot of administration.	我做了很多教学和行政管理。
64	My favorite part, if any teachers are listening, professors are listening, was not the administrators and professors.	我最喜欢的部分,如果有老师在听,教授在听,不是行政人员和教授。
65	I love the students.	我爱学生
66	The students are just so inquisitive.	学生们太好奇了
67	And since I'm getting to set the tone a little bit for this talk, I love discussion.	既然我要为这次演讲定调我喜欢讨论
68	So that's why April made that mention that hopefully we can quickly get to the discussion.	这就是为什么艾普丽尔提到,希望我们能迅速展开讨论。
69	I want to hear your thoughts.	我想听听你们的想法
70	And then I would love to reflect on that.	然后,我想思考一下这一点。
71	I wanted to start off a little bit by saying I have a very interesting relationship with China.	首先我想说我和中国的关系很有趣
72	In the 90s, 1990s, long ago, I was in China every year, sometimes twice a year, because I really wanted the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies at the time to have some relationship with China.	在90年代,1990年代,很久以前,我每年都在中国,有时一年两次,因为我真的希望当时的林业与环境研究学院与中国有某种关系.
73	At that time we had very few Chinese students and very few researchers there.	当时,中国学生很少,研究人员也很少。
74	And Yale, as many of you know, has a very rich relationship with China.	而耶鲁,你们许多人都知道,与中国的关系非常丰富.
75	And I thought that our school, our part of Yale was missing out.	我以为我们的学校,耶鲁的那部分被错过了
76	There was a doctoral student at the time, Sonia Ji, who was studying forestry in Fujian province.	当时在福建省学习林业的有博士生索尼雅池.
77	And I visited with him in China many times.	我和他去过中国很多次
78	And I was lucky enough to get far and wide.	我很幸运能走得很远
79	I've been up to the northeast, to Harbin, where there's a well-known forestry university.	历任东北,哈尔滨,有著名的林业大学.
80	I've been to Beijing Forestry University.	曾就读于北京林业大学.
81	I've been to Nanjing Forestry University.	曾就读于南京林业大学.
82	I've been out to Gansu province.	曾出任甘肃省知府.
83	And I even was lucky enough to take a boat from Chongqing down the river before the dam was completed.	我甚至有幸在大坝完工前从重庆乘船下江.
84	So I got to see the dam, and more or less it's wild saved before it was dammed up.	因此,我必须看到大坝, 或多或少它是野生保存之前,它被建坝。
85	I haven't been back to China recently.	我最近还没回中国呢
86	It's my great regret not to have been there.	我非常后悔没去那
87	I did see China in the 90s, those of you that might remember, was in a glorious age for China.	我确实看到了90年代的中国,你们中那些可能记得的,是中国的辉煌时代.
88	I remember one of the phrases was, there are not enough lights in Beijing.	我记得其中一句话,北京的灯光不够.
89	And so everybody was putting up lights and Christmas tree lights and lights all over the restaurants.	所以大家把灯圣诞树灯灯光都放在餐厅里
90	And everybody was beginning to come out, and really the economic boom of that period was starting.	每个人开始出现, 而那个时期的经济繁荣开始。
91	So that's how I remember China.	所以我记得中国
92	I've obviously kept up with China through photographs and colleagues.	我显然通过照片和同事跟随中国.
93	And I know it's a huge, thriving economy.	我知道这是一个巨大的,繁荣的经济。
94	And one of the visits I made, and I'm not going to get the name exactly right, but I was in Shanghai.	和我的一次访问, 我不会得到完全正确的名字, 但我在上海。
95	I'm going to call it the history museum.	拟称历史博物馆.
96	I'm not sure what's right.	我不知道什么是正确的。
97	And I remember seeing an artifact there that dates back, I think it was 6,000 years.	我记得在那里看到一件可以追溯到6000年的文物。
98	And it impressed upon me the fact that the cultural heritage of China is long and glorious.	它给我留下深刻的印象,中国的文化遗产是漫长而光荣的.
99	And so it's fun to reconnect, April.	故复联之乐,四月.
100	Thank you for bringing us together.	谢谢你让我们在一起
101	I wanted to, since I'm talking about Haiti, I thought I'd start with my story of Haiti.	我想,既然我讲的是海地,我想先讲我关于海地的故事.
102	In 2010, some students from the environment school and from the School of Public Health at Yale walked into my office and said,	2010年,一些来自环境学校和耶鲁公共卫生学院的学生走进我的办公室说,
103	there's just been a big earthquake there.	那里刚刚发生了一场大地震
104	We know nothing about Haiti.	我们对海地一无所知。
105	Will you teach a course on Haiti?	你会教授海地课程吗?
106	And I said, well, I'd be glad to teach a course, but I also know nothing about Haiti.	我说,我很乐意教一个课程但我对海地也一无所知。
107	We have to find someone at the university that knows something about Haiti.	我们必须在大学里找到一个知道海地情况的人。
108	And we were lucky enough to find a doctor, medical doctor, Gary Dezier, who had been born in Haiti, raised in Haiti,	我们很幸运找到一个医生,医生加里·德齐尔, 他出生在海地, 在海地长大,
109	had lots of family there, but had done his college and medical training in the United States.	在那里有很多家人,但在美国完成了他的大学和医学培训。
110	So we ran for five years, of course, in the spring, where we studied Haiti.	因此,我们跑了五年,当然, 在春天,我们在那里学习海地。
111	And we went down in Yale's spring break, which is in March, to Haiti for five years.	我们在耶鲁的春假中下山,也就是在3月,到海地度过了5年.
112	And we toured around.	我们四处巡游。
113	We were tourists.	我们是游客。
114	但我们也与海地农村的一家私立医院L'Hopital Albert Schweitzer互动.
115	And this is my introduction to Haiti.	这是我对海地的介绍。
116	So those of you that know, 2010 was quite a cataclysmic year for Haiti.	所以,你们当中知道,2010年对海地来说是一个灾难性的一年。
117	In January, just about, so it's just about whatever number of years, 15 years ago exactly, next month,	大约在1月,所以它只是多少年,15年前,确切地说,下个月,
118	there was this cataclysmic earthquake in the populated areas near the capital port of France	在法国首都港口附近的人口稠密区发生了一场灾难性地震
119	that killed maybe, of course, the numbers vary, but they're saying at least 100,000 people	杀死了,当然, 数字是不同的, 但他们说至少10万人
120	and maybe 800,000 people or maybe a million people were left homeless because of buildings that had collapsed.	可能80万人或100万人因为建筑物倒塌而无家可归。
121	Just to put that in perspective, the big tsunami in the Indian Ocean that killed so many people in 2004	以2004年印度洋大海啸夺走了这么多人的生命
122	is thought to have killed about 230,000 people, just mainly in Aceh province, I believe in Indonesia.	大约23万人被杀害,
123	Many of you will remember or can study it.	你们中许多人会记得或研究它。
124	So 100,000 people dying, very short time in one little area compared to the 200,000-some people	十万人死了, 在一个小地区很短的时间与20万人相比
125	that died over much of the province and over much of the northern Indian Ocean.	死在了全省和印度洋北部的大部分地区。
126	I'm just using it to compare what a terrible disaster that was.	我只是用它来比喻那可怕的灾难
127	Then about both of these cases, I'm going to talk a little bit about both.	那么关于这两个案子, 我要谈谈两个。
128	About 10 months later, in a different part of Haiti, unrelated to the earthquake,	大约10个月后,在海地的另一部分与地震无关
129	there was a release of human waste from a UN peacekeeping force center,	从一个联合国维和部队中心释放了人类废物
130	and the waste entered into a tributary that got into the main river of Haiti, the Arte Benit,	废物流入一条支流,流入海地的主要河流Arte Benit河,
131	and unbeknownst to anybody at the time, some people from Nepal at the time, some of the soldiers from Nepal	以及当时不为人知的尼泊尔士兵
132	had recently come in contact with cholera, and cholera was in the waste, got into the river,	最近感染了霍乱霍乱在废墟里流入了河里
133	and there was a big introduction of cholera to Haiti.	在海地出现了霍乱
134	The interesting story there is that cholera was not present in Haiti at the time,	有趣的故事是当时海地没有霍乱
135	so this was a real insult to the health of the country.	所以这是对国家健康的侮辱
136	Only, I would say only, but 10,000 people died, and it's thought that maybe 800,000 people got sick.	我只能说,但一万人死了, 而且人们觉得也许80万人生病了。
137	Cholera is not a terribly dangerous disease.	霍乱不是非常危险的疾病。
138	It's scary.	令人惊骇.
139	No one wants to get it.	没有人想得到它。
140	It's basically diarrhea.	基本为痢疾.
141	But if you live in rural areas, and our topic is rural today, and you don't have good medical care,	但如果你住在农村, 而我们今天的话题是农村, 而你没有良好的医疗照顾,
142	and you don't get to the hospital quickly, you can die of dehydration and the loss of salts.	而且你不会很快到医院, 你可以死于脱水和盐的损失。
143	But if you can get to the hospital or if you can get some water, you can weather the storm	但是,如果你可以去医院或者你可以得到一些水, 你可以风化风暴
144	and get through the disease and come out fine.	和通过疾病出来很好。
145	There is a vaccine which is now introduced in Haiti,	现已在海地引进疫苗。
146	so it's more of a chronic disease.	所以它更是一种慢性病。
147	So those are the two crises I wanted to talk about briefly.	这就是我想简单谈谈的两个危机。
148	The one is very rural, and I won't spend too much time on it, and the one is very urban.	一个非常乡村, 我不会花太多时间在它上, 一个非常城市。
149	The earthquake was really in an urban area, which is why there was so much destruction.	地震真的发生在城市地区, 这就是为什么有这么多的破坏。
150	It's called the Haiti earthquake.	被称为海地地震.
151	It actually did not affect all of Haiti.	它实际上并没有影响到海地全境。
152	It affected a very small area,	它影响到一个很小的地区,
153	and all the people that died were in the populated area, unfortunately.	不幸地,所有死者都在人口稠密地区。
154	It did affect the rural areas because many people who were homeless did flee back to their relatives,	它确实影响到农村地区,因为许多无家可归的人确实逃回亲戚那里,
155	their families, their friends in the rural area.	他们的家人,他们在农村地区的朋友。
156	So the rural area suddenly had an increase of some numbers of people,	因此,农村地区突然增加了一些人口,
157	although most of the people were in dead cities.	虽然大部分人都在死城里
158	So the two topics I wanted to talk about with sustainable development, I want to introduce here,	所以我想谈的两个议题是可持续发展我想在这里介绍
159	and then we'll go back to both the earthquake and cholera.	然后再回到地震和霍乱中
160	In a crisis situation, sustainable development is important before the crisis happens and after the crisis happens.	在危机局势中,可持续发展在危机发生之前和危机发生之后都很重要。
161	So before the crisis happens, we're now using the word resilient.	因此,在危机发生之前,我们现在使用“弹性”一词。
162	We're trying to make ourselves more resilient to what the future might bring.	我们试图让自己更适应未来可能带来的。
163	So in the climate change community, we're talking about being resilient to climate change,	因此,在气候变化社区, 我们谈论的是抵御气候变化,
164	which for instance might involve planting mangroves along the shoreline so as storms increase and there are waves that come on shore.	例如,可能涉及沿海岸线种植红树林,以便随着风暴增加和海岸上出现大浪。
165	What they first hit is not human civilization, but a buffer of mangroves and other organisms that might buffer the energy of the storm.	他们首先打击的不是人类文明,而是红树林和其他生物的缓冲,可能缓冲风暴的能量.
166	So that's building resilience.	这就是建立复原力。
167	It's sometimes done by building dams or levees.	有时通过建造水坝或堤坝来完成.
168	And we often use a very physical approach to it, although there can be a strong educational component, too.	我们经常用一种非常实际的方法去处理它, 尽管也可以有一个很强的教育成分。
169	For instance, in the United States, we constantly get advice to pack the crisis bag.	例如,在美国,我们不断得到建议来收拾危机包。
170	So we're all supposed to have in our homes some water, some medical equipment, something to wrap ourselves to stay warm,	所以,我们都应该在我们的家中有一些水, 一些医疗设备, 一些包裹我们自己保持温暖,
171	so that if, for instance, our house were destroyed or burned, we would be able to protect ourselves out in the more rugged environment.	因此,例如,如果我们的房子被摧毁或烧毁,我们将能够在更崎岖的环境中保护自己。
172	The second time that sustainable development becomes important is after the crisis, and April alluded to this.	第二次可持续发展变得重要是在危机之后,4月就提到了这一点。
173	So we often say now, out of disaster, there is opportunity.	因此,我们经常说,在灾难中,有机遇。
174	And the opportunity in a sustainable development frame is the following.	可持续发展框架内的机会如下。
175	When you start to build back, let me use as an example a flood along a river or the mouth of a river.	当你开始重建时,让我用沿河或河口的洪水作为例子。
176	If there's a flood and the housing is destroyed, this happened in New York City storm we had many years ago called Super Storm Sandy.	如果发生洪水,房屋被摧毁, 这发生在纽约市的暴风雨,我们多年前曾有过,叫做超级风暴桑迪。
177	There were many houses in Staten Island, part of New York City, that were flooded and destroyed.	纽约市一部分的斯塔滕岛有许多房屋被淹并被毁.
178	So when the people that lived in those houses think about what they do after the flooding,	所以当住在那些房子里的人想到洪水之后他们做了什么
179	the natural instinct is to recreate what they had before.	自然的本能就是重现他们以前拥有的
180	I think it's a human instinct.	我觉得这是人类的本能
181	That's what you remember.	这就是你记得的。
182	It's what you live.	汝所生处.
183	You want to overcome the disaster, and you build back the way it was.	你想克服灾难,然后恢复原样
184	The sustainable development argument is the following, and the words were mentioned, build back better.	可持续发展的论点如下,有人提到这些话,这些话更有助于恢复。
185	Take this opportunity of this disaster and say how could we build back in a way that makes us now in the future more resilient.	抓住这次灾难的这个机会,说我们如何能够以使我们今后更有复原力的方式重建。
186	So this is now, for instance, in the floodplain of a river and the houses get washed away.	因此,现在,比如说,在一条河的淹没处,房屋被冲走。
187	Instead of building back there, why not move those people to higher ground, dedicate the lowlands to flooding, maybe to turn it into a park.	而不是在那里建造,为什么不把这些人转移到高地, 将低地用于洪水, 也许把它变成一个公园。
188	There's a famous case in Brazil in Curitiba where they took a lot of money and moved people out of the floodplain	库里蒂巴巴西有个著名的案子他们拿了很多钱把人搬出淹水区
189	and let the river just wash over once or twice a year and developed a very fertile land, and that was a wonderful park for everybody to enjoy.	让河水一年洗一两次开发出一个非常肥沃的土地, 这是大家享受的美妙公园。
190	You can do that and then move the people to safer grounds so that the flooding that impacted them is less likely to affect them the next time the river rises.	你可以这样做,然后把人民转移到更安全的地方,这样影响他们的洪水就不太可能在下一次河水上升时影响到他们。
191	So that's an example of building back better.	所以这是重建得更好的例子。
192	So in the earthquake, the main way of being resilient to an earthquake is in the building code.	因此在地震中,抗震能力的主要方式是建筑规范.
193	I don't have to really talk much about earthquakes.	我不用说太多地震的事
194	China has earthquakes regularly, I think almost every year.	中国经常发生地震,我想几乎每年都有。
195	Somewhere there's an earthquake.	某处有地震.
196	So your culture, your building codes have adapted to the idea of an earthquake.	所以,你的文化,你的建筑规范适应了地震的理念。
197	In Haiti, the earthquake happens very rarely.	在海地,地震很少发生.
198	The buildings were not built up to code.	这些建筑不是按密码建造的。
199	And so this is one way of becoming more resilient in the future, which is now people in Haiti should pay more attention to building.	因此,这是今后更具有复原力的一种方式,现在海地人民应该更加注意建设。
200	Unfortunately, or fortunately, I should say, earthquakes are relatively rare in Haiti.	不幸的是,或者幸运的是,我应该说,海地的地震比较少见。
201	The bigger problem in Haiti, by far the biggest, is hurricanes.	海地最大的问题是飓风。
202	And those are getting stronger, and Haiti's going to have to figure out in an urban setting and a rural setting how to prepare for hurricanes.	海地将不得不在城市和农村找到应对飓风的方法。
203	So in the second sense, as Haiti builds back, as the urban area builds back, they are talking about developing building codes.	因此,从第二种意义上说,随着海地的重建,随着城市地区的重建,他们正在谈论制定建筑规范。
204	The problem is, and this is a problem generically in rural areas, the people are very poor.	问题是,在农村地区,这是一个普遍的问题,人民非常贫穷。
205	In Haiti, even in the urban areas, the people are very poor.	在海地,即使在城市地区,人民也非常贫穷。
206	So building back a house that was destroyed by the earthquake in the capital city by using reinforcing structures, better concrete mixtures, and so on and so forth, costs money.	因此,通过使用加固结构,更好的混凝土混合物等方法,在首都建造一座被地震摧毁的房屋需要花费很多钱。
207	And a lot of the people don't have it.	而多众生无着.
208	So I'm afraid that a lot of houses will be built back, not very improved.	因此,我担心许多房屋会重建回来,而不是有很大的改善.
209	But fortunately, I don't want to jinx the Haitians.	但幸运的是我不想让海地人失望
210	Fortunately, there shouldn't be another big earthquake in Haiti for quite a long time.	幸运的是,在相当长的时间里,海地不应该再发生一次大地震.
211	I think the previous big one was in the 1920s, so maybe they'll get away with another hundred years.	我想前一个大人物是在1920年代,所以也许他们会再逃过一百年.
212	In the cholera sense, let's look at sustainable development before and after the cholera.	在霍乱意义上,让我们看看霍乱前后的可持续发展.
213	So Haiti has, in the rural areas, as many rural areas, has relatively poor sanitation structures.	因此,海地在农村地区,同许多农村地区一样,卫生设施结构相对很差。
214	Many people have to walk quite a ways to get water from springs or wells that are in larger cities.	许多人必须走相当的路才能从大城市里的泉水或水井中取水.
215	Often, of course, it's the girls and the women that have to do this walking, sometimes quite a bit every day to get some water.	通常,当然,是女孩和女人不得不做这个行走, 有时每天有相当一部分得到一些水。
216	So in terms of building resilience by building a more robust water delivery system and water sanitation system,	因此,在通过建立更强大的供水系统和水卫生系统来建设复原力方面,
217	Haiti could generally make itself a healthier rural society.	海地一般可以使自己成为一个更健康的农村社会。
218	After cholera, this became obvious, or more obvious, I should say.	在霍乱之后,这种情况变得很明显,或更明显。
219	And the success story of cholera is only 10,000 people died over three years.	而霍乱的成功故事是三年间只有一万人死亡.
220	And actually, Haiti was able to reduce the cholera incidence very, very low because they used education in the rural areas.	实际上,海地能够降低霍乱发病率,非常低,因为他们在农村地区使用教育。
221	So after a crisis, this is when education, which is one of the topics today, becomes very important.	因此,在危机之后,教育这个今天的主题之一变得非常重要。
222	People, generally, their attention is on the disaster.	一般来说,人们的注意力集中在灾难上.
223	They see dramatically what the effect of the disaster has been.	他们非常清楚地看到灾难的影响。
224	And I think it's a time when we can do a lot of education.	我认为这是一个我们可以做很多教育的时候。
225	And in Haiti, a lot of education has gone on.	而在海地,许多教育已经展开.
226	So one of the biggest problems that was discovered is there are a lot of people in rural, rural, rural Haiti that live too far from medical care.	因此,发现的最大问题之一是,海地的农村、农村和农村有许多人离医疗太远。
227	As I said, it's easy to fight cholera if you can get to a hospital, if you can rehydrate.	如我所说,若能到医院,若能补水,则治霍乱是容易的.
228	But if you can't get there for two days or whatever, you're going to die from dehydration and loss of salts.	但如果两天内不能到那里,你会死于脱水和盐的流失.
229	So there's a lot going on in Haiti now.	所以现在海地的情况很多。
230	That looks like the signal to time to stop talking.	看起来像是停止说话的信号
231	Okay, I think I've got a lot of ideas on the table.	好吧,我想我有很多想法摆在桌面上。
232	So I'm looking forward to hearing what my colleagues have to say and then getting back into conversation.	因此,我期待着听到我的同事要说的话,然后回到对话中。
233	Thank you, April, for having me.	谢谢你,艾波莉,请我来
234	谢谢你,Jabal教授
235	And now, for the sake of time, we'll now move to the next panelist, Pat Yang, who will have a set of slides.	而现在,为了时间的考虑,我们现在要搬到下一位主讲人帕特·杨(Pat Yang)那里,他将会有一套幻灯片.
236	And by introduction, Pat Yang, she is a domain expert in China.	而通过介绍,帕特·杨是中国的域专家.
237	Having been here, I'm going to pass this on and have her introduce her story.	来过这里,我要传下去让她介绍她的故事
238	And again, I think the purpose of this webinar is really to bring ideas from different parts of the world to address some global problems.	再说一次,我认为这个网络研讨会的目的其实是带来来自世界不同地区的想法来解决一些全球问题。
239	So delighted to have a domain expert here from China.	很高兴有一位来自中国的域专家
240	Okay, friends, it's a great pleasure and also honor to be in this beautiful Beijing and to share my experiences working in rural China for the past 30 years.	好了,朋友们,我非常高兴和荣幸来到这个美丽的北京分享我过去30年在中国农村工作的经验
241	For the 30 years working in China, I have all witnessed the great tremendous change in China.	在中国工作的30年来,我目睹了中国的巨大变化。
242	And the first is unprecedented historically, the great migration.	第一个是史无前例的, 伟大的移民。
243	Large number of people migrated from the rural areas to the cities as their higher laborers.	大量人口从农村地区迁移到城市,成为他们的较高劳动力。
244	And in the meantime, the modernization, urbanization, and the industrialization has the greatest impact in the China development.	在此期间,现代化,城镇化,工业化对中国的发展影响最大.
245	Especially through these changes, the people's lives have been greatly improved.	特别是通过这些变化,人民的生活得到了极大的改善.
246	In the meantime, I think it's very important we know that the eradication of the poverty in China is really a huge, huge success for developing countries.	与此同时,我认为,我们知道在中国消除贫困,对于发展中国家来说,确实是一个巨大的,巨大的成功,是非常重要的.
247	But among all those good news, in the meantime, I think China has paid great prices, especially from the rural area.	但是,在所有这些好消息中,我认为中国付出了巨大的代价,特别是从农村地区。
248	And the first price China paid is the degradation of the environment.	而中国支付的第一个代价是环境退化。
249	Okay, first, the soil and the water and the air are heavily polluted.	好吧,首先,土壤和水和空气严重污染。
250	And also the biodiversity is losing rapidly.	生物多样性也在迅速丧失。
251	And then the food security, and we are facing a lot of the hassles.	然后是食品安全,我们面临许多麻烦。
252	So environmental degradation.	所以环境恶化。
253	Another important thing is China with thousands of years of diverse culture, the local culture, and also the traditional culture has been diminished rapidly.	另外一件重要的事情是中国几千年的多元文化,地方文化,传统文化也迅速衰减.
254	And instead is the city consumerism.	而城市的消费主义则相反.
255	I think losing of the traditional culture and the local culture and also degradation of the environment is facing the rural area severely, even up to now.	我认为传统文化和地方文化的丧失以及环境的恶化正严重地面对农村地区,甚至至今。
256	And in the meantime, because all the young people left to the cities and many rural areas left with the older people and left behind children.	在此期间,因为所有的年轻人都离开了城市和许多农村地区,留下了老年人,留下了孩子.
257	So China, the government has promoted the revitalized rural area.	因此,中国,政府促进了振兴的农村地区.
258	It has been very urgent issues.	这是非常紧迫的问题。
259	But what about the future of the rural area?	但乡村地区的未来呢?
260	It's the greatest challenge to the people in China and to the government.	这是对中国人民和政府的最大挑战.
261	Okay, talking about the sustainable development.	好吧,谈论可持续发展。
262	And since 1992, through the numerous international conferences, has reached a consensus that for sustainable development, economic development is not enough.	自1992年以来,通过多次国际会议,达成了共识,即为了可持续发展,经济发展是不够的。
263	Not only economic development, in the meantime, you have to consider environmental protection and also the cultural diversity and social equality.	与此同时,不仅经济发展,你还必须考虑环境保护以及文化多样性和社会平等。
264	So the four pillars working together, influencing each other and have balanced development, they will have a sustainable development.	因此,四个支柱共同努力,相互影响,实现均衡发展,它们将有一个可持续发展。
265	No one can left behind.	无人能舍.
266	It's equally important because we always hear about economic is the basic.	这同样重要,因为我们总是听说经济是基本。
267	Only economic development, you can develop the other things.	只有经济发展,才能发展其他事物.
268	I think this is very much an update, not an update, I think it's a backwards notion.	我认为这在很大程度上是一个更新,而不是更新, 我认为这是一个反向的概念。
269	And now it's the four pillars working together, they will have the sustainable development.	现在,这是四个支柱一起工作,他们会有可持续发展。
270	And in the meantime, the United Nations has proposed 17 development goals from 2015 to 2030.	与此同时,联合国提出了2015年至2030年的17项发展目标。
271	Not too many years left, but among the 17 goals, only 16 goals have been achieved.	所剩时间不多,但在17个目标中,只有16个目标得以实现。
272	And then one third of the goals stagnate, another one third of the goals even backwards.	然后三分之一的球停滞不前, 三分之一的球甚至倒着。
273	So for the four pillars of the sustainable development, and every pillar is facing a lot of risk right now.	因此,对于可持续发展的四大支柱来说,每个支柱现在都面临着许多风险。
274	So we are in an uncertain, changing world.	因此,我们处于一个不确定、不断变化的世界。
275	We are facing a lot of challenges, but in the meantime, of course, there are a lot of opportunities.	我们面临许多挑战,但与此同时,当然有很多机会。
276	Then what should we do?	那怎么办?
277	We are facing this uncertainty, facing this risk.	我们正面临这种不确定性,面临这种风险。
278	What can we do?	我们该怎么办?
279	I think in 1992, the United Nations held the Rio Environment and Development Conference	我认为,1992年联合国举行了里约环境与发展会议。
280	and proposed that education is the key to maintain sustainable development society, education key.	并认为教育是维持可持续发展社会的关键,是教育的关键。
281	But we need a new kind of education.	但我们需要一种新的教育。
282	Traditional education is to learn a skill and to find a job, but that's not enough right now.	传统教育是学习技能,找到工作,但现在这还不够.
283	Because we are facing tremendous risk right now.	因为我们现在正面临巨大的风险。
284	So the United Nations proposed in the 21st century agenda,	因此,联合国在21世纪提出的议程,
285	officially proposed to promote education for sustainable development.	正式提出推进教育促进可持续发展.
286	And in China, it proposed ecological civilization and education for sustainable development.	在中国,它提出了生态文明和教育促进可持续发展。
287	Which is that to educate everyone from the early infant to the older people like me,	也就是教育每个人从早期的婴儿到像我这样的老人
288	and has the chance to acquire the major issues facing us right now,	并有机会了解我们现在面临的主要问题,
289	among these four pillars of framework, such as climate change, such as biodiversity losing,	在框架的这四个支柱中,如气候变化,如生物多样性的丧失,
290	such as inequality within the country and among the countries,	国内和国家之间的不平等,
291	and such as the huge pollution, the soil, the water, and the diminishing of our natural resources,	诸如巨大的污染、土壤、水和自然资源减少,
292	and the issue of poverty.	贫穷问题。
293	So everyone should acquire the knowledge and attitude and skill about these early issues.	因此,每个人都应当获得关于这些早期问题的知识和态度及技能。
294	Without the consensus, without the knowledge of everybody,	没有共识,没有每个人的了解,
295	then it's difficult to achieve sustainable development.	因此很难实现可持续发展。
296	Okay, China also in 2012 already promote five pillars, five pillar development.	好,2012年中国也已经推广了五大支柱,五大支柱发展.
297	And this is a national policy.	这是一项国家政策。
298	Look at that.	看看这个。
299	It's very similar to the four pillars of the sustainable development.	与可持续发展的四大支柱非常相似.
300	Also, you see, it's economic and also cultural and society.	而且,你看,这是经济, 以及文化和社会。
301	But it also has a political.	但它也有政治色彩。
302	But it is very comprehensive and very similar to the international accepted,	但是,它非常全面,非常类似于国际上接受的,
303	the four pillars of the development.	发展的四个支柱。
304	And China also has promote the green mountain and the green level,	中国也提倡绿山和绿地
305	the green river, equally important as the silver mountain, silver river, and the gold mountain.	绿河,与银山,银河,金山同样重要.
306	So we call this a true mountain theory.	所以,我们称之为真正的山地理论。
307	So take a look, there is very much emphasis in the environment and also about the nature.	所以看一看,环境以及自然都非常强调.
308	It's not only just economic growth.	这不仅仅是经济增长。
309	Okay, what I have been doing and participating is trying to promote	好吧,我一直在做和参加试图推广
310	education for sustainable development in the rural area for the past 30 years.	过去30年来,农村地区教育促进可持续发展。
311	And the projects I've been, you know, involving is to systematically through the education	我所参与的项目是系统地通过教育
312	to integrate the ESD into the rural development in the area of the basic education,	将教育促进可持续性发展纳入基础教育领域的农村发展;
313	the vocational education, and also in the adult education.	职业教育,以及成人教育。
314	So I'm saying that it is through the systematic approach.	所以我说,这是通过系统的方法。
315	And the first of all the projects has to have a basic research base.	而第一项目必须有一个基础研究基地.
316	And the second, they will have to develop a set of the training programs.	第二,他们必须制定一套培训方案。
317	It's under the framework of the ESD.	它在ESD的框架之下.
318	And in the meantime, they will establish the green eco schools and the green eco village	同时,他们将建立绿色生态学校和绿色生态村
319	to integrate environmental protection, integrate cultural reversing into the school curriculum.	将环境保护,文化倒转纳入学校课程.
320	And then the last thing is through all these experiences and to summarize the lesson learned	最后一件事就是通过所有这些经历总结教训
321	and the good lesson learned to tell and with all the conferences, international conferences	以及向所有会议、国际会议介绍和介绍的良好经验
322	and the local conferences to arise the public awareness and the national policy, government policy advices.	• 举行地方会议,以引起公众的认识和国家政策、政府政策建议。
323	And this is the courses we develop.	这是我们开发的课程。
324	Altogether eight courses and to the different learners.	共有八门课程,面向不同的学习者。
325	First is to the next year's school teachers.	第一是次年的学校教师.
326	And the second one is for the rural working leaders.	其二是农村劳动领导.
327	And the third is for the NGO leaderships.	第三是非政府组织的领导。
328	And also we have for the women's leadership training program.	我们还有妇女领导能力培训方案。
329	It's all under the framework of the sustainable development.	皆以可持续发展为框架.
330	This is the framework of the school.	这是学校的框架。
331	I participate in building more than 100 rural schools around the country.	我参加建设全国100多所农村学校.
332	So we have the program for the teachers, for the students, for the parents, and also for the schools.	因此,我们为教师、学生、家长以及学校制定了方案。
333	We say detail in.	我们说细节。
334	We've got the time constraint.	我们有时间限制
335	I don't have to really go into it.	我不用再这样了
336	And also for the green echo villages.	亦为绿回声村.
337	And those are the photos.	这些是照片。
338	So the teachers will work collaboratively with the Beijing University, Beijing Normal University,	因此,教师们将与北京大学,北京师范大学合作,
339	agricultural university, and with the local people and teachers and the school principals together	农业大学,与当地人民和教师以及学校校长一起
340	to develop the training program.	制定培训方案。
341	All those are the participants from all different schools.	所有这些都是来自不同学校的参与者。
342	For the teachers who participate right now, we have trained more than 5,000 rural teachers.	对于现在参加的教师,我们培训了5000多名农村教师。
343	And they all have the knowledge and the attitude about environmental protection	他们都有环境保护的知识和态度
344	and also about the cultural reservation.	以及文化保留。
345	And those are the...	这些是...
346	And in the schools, the students and the teachers participate together to plant the trees,	在学校里,学生和老师们一起参与植树,
347	to collect the garbage, and for the division of the garbage.	收集垃圾, 和垃圾的分割。
348	And the school was a student, and they have this environmental protection, high-riding newspapers.	学校是一个学生, 他们有环保, 高骑的报纸。
349	And those are the teachers working together to pull out the weeds of the farming land and the rice field.	这些是教师们一起努力拔出农田和稻田的杂草。
350	In the meantime, we're talking about the development and the culture.	在此期间,我们谈的是发展与文化.
351	So the purpose of the development and the mission of the development	所以发展的目的和发展的使命
352	actually is to raise the wisdom, compassion, ethics, and the spiritual.	实际上就是提高智慧、同情心、道德和精神。
353	So in order to do this, environment, culture is really the most important.	所以为了做到这一点,环境,文化是最重要的。
354	So in the meantime, we develop the local culture through all different schools,	在此期间,我们通过所有不同的学校发展当地文化,
355	especially the place I work, a lot of other minority groups,	特别是我工作的地方很多其他少数群体
356	with Miao minority, with the Dong minority, especially in Guizhou,	与苗族,东族,尤以贵州为甚.
357	even in one area, they have more than 60 different minority groups.	即使在一个地区,他们也有60多个不同的少数群体。
358	It's very, very rich in culture, but diminished rapidly.	其文化非常丰富,但迅速减弱.
359	So we asked this grandfather to come over to talk about the history of the village.	所以我们请这位祖父过来谈谈这个村的历史.
360	And here is a long-lost guitar.	这把吉他丢了很久了
361	And so we had the local artists come over to teach the students	我们让当地艺术家过来教学生
362	and to play the local guitar and the dancing together.	一起弹吉他和跳舞
363	And I took this picture that was in the mountain of Yunnan.	我拍了这张照片在云南的山。
364	So the students, the parents, the villagers, all dancing together at the Bright Moon,	因此,学生,父母,村民, 都跳舞在明月,
365	and we revitalized their local culture.	我们振兴了他们的当地文化。
366	And here is the grandmother and teaching his granddaughter.	这是奶奶教孙女
367	And this is the best practice of the farming, farming fish and rice together.	这是养殖,养鱼和养米的最好做法。
368	It's a very ecological, traditional, long-lost farming methods.	这是一种非常生态,传统,长期失传的耕作方法.
369	So those are the projects that have been participating	这些是一直参与的项目
370	and to revitalize, to reserve the local culture	振兴和保留当地文化
371	and to make it committed to sustainable development.	并致力于可持续发展。
372	But I'm talking about all the good things,	但我说的是所有美好的事
373	but in the meantime we also encounter a lot of difficulties.	但与此同时,我们也遇到许多困难。
374	Because of sustainable development,	由于可持续发展,
375	they are advocate for environmental conscience,	他们倡导环境良知,
376	to be safe, to be conserved energy.	安全节能
377	But now the main culture is to promote consumerism.	但现在的主要文化是提倡消费主义.
378	So this is a great conflict, but we encounter a lot of difficulties too.	因此,这是一个巨大的冲突,但我们也遇到了许多困难。
379	And the second, in the school,	第二,在学校里,
380	and the emphasis on the school of the textbooks,	和强调教科书的学校,
381	the environmental courses and also other local cultures	环境课程和其他当地文化
382	is not in the school curriculum.	不在学校课程中。
383	It's not in the evaluation of the performance of the teachers.	不见於教师业绩评价.
384	So it's difficult to really integrate this kind of lessons into the school curriculum.	因此,很难真正将这种课程纳入学校课程。
385	And in many schools it's teacher-centered teaching methods	许多学校都是以教师为中心的教学方法
386	and the students are ready to respond.	学生们准备回应
387	Many curriculum is not relevant to the local.	许多课程与当地无关。
388	So we have to face all those obstacles	所以我们必须面对所有这些障碍
389	and to convince the local people to adopt this kind of ESD is difficult.	说服当地人民接受这种教育是困难的。
390	We have to develop the programs,	我们必须制定方案,
391	we have to convince the local government,	我们必须说服地方政府
392	we have to work with the schools,	我们必须与学校合作,
393	in the meantime we have to come up with the funding.	与此同时,我们必须拿出资金。
394	But I think this is important, and this is lacking.	但我认为这很重要,这是缺乏的。
395	This is really raising the pensions development.	这真的提高了养老金的发展。
396	Okay, last one.	好吧,最后一个。
397	I will call Chairman Mao Zedong say,	我会打电话给毛泽东主席说:
398	and he say,	他说,
399	The sun will be low, and the sweat in the spring breeze.	太阳将低,春风中汗.
400	Billions of the Chinese people was the sage king of Yao and Sun.	数十亿中国人民曾是姚和孙的贤王.
401	Okay, follow that.	好吧,跟着这个。
402	If everyone in China, they all have the environmental knowledge	如果中国每个人都有环保知识
403	and the consciousness and taking action.	以及意识和行动。
404	Everyone in China, and they respect the elderly and caring for the young.	中国的每个人都尊重老人,关心年轻人。
405	And everyone share the value of working in harmony with nature	每个人都有与自然和谐相处的价值
406	and as one of the nature.	和作为天性之一。
407	And also everyone is to participate	而且每个人都要参与
408	and conserve their own culture, respect their own culture.	保护自己的文化,尊重自己的文化。
409	And also participate in building their village, their society	也参与建设他们的村庄,他们的社会
410	into a sustainable development model.	成为可持续发展模式。
411	And in this case, China will be the greatest country	这样的话,中国将是最伟大的国家
412	and to let the people forward to build a beautiful, sustainable future.	让人民向前发展,建设一个美丽、可持续的未来。
413	Okay, thank you very much.	好吧,非常感谢。
414	Thank you, Ms. Yang.	谢谢杨小姐
415	I appreciate the time limit.	我感谢这一时限。
416	And now we will have Emmanuel coming in from Tokyo	现在我们让埃马纽埃尔从东京过来
417	to share your experience from a very, very important part of East Asia.	分享你来自东亚一个非常重要的地方的经验
418	So over to Emmanuel.	所以去埃马纽埃尔。
419	Well, thank you very much for having me.	谢谢你邀请我
420	I don't have a ready case study,	我还没有准备好的案例研究
421	but I did work with local government in Korea, in South Korea,	但我和韩国的地方政府合作过在韩国
422	for several years as advisor to the governor of Chungnam province,	担任中南省省长顾问几年,
423	which included education and rural policy.	其中包括教育和农村政策。
424	So I had some experience with the actual situation.	所以我对实际情况有些经验。
425	And in Japan, there have been several rural communities	日本有好几个农村社区
426	that I have participated in agricultural events with	我参加了农业活动
427	over the last three years that I've been back here.	过去三年来,我一直回到这里。
428	So I have some idea of the issues at all,	所以我对问题有些了解
429	but I will have to talk in a broader,	但我得更深入地谈谈
430	a bird's eye view manner about the issue.	鸟眼的视线有关这个问题。
431	In Japan, there's been immense pressure to reduce the amount of domestic farming,	在日本,有巨大的压力减少家庭农业的数量,
432	which is related to current trade negotiations and past ones.	它与目前的贸易谈判和过去的谈判有关。
433	And many Japanese are deeply worried regarding food security	许多日本人很担心食物安全
434	at the very low level of supply, especially for rice,	在非常低的供应水平, 特别是大米,
435	but in other fields as well, the other products.	但是在其他领域,其他产品也是如此。
436	The aging population overall, especially in rural areas,	老年人口总数,特别是农村地区,
437	is also a major issue, as is the general discouragement	这也是一个重大问题,正如普遍劝阻一样。
438	in popular culture of agriculture as a career,	在大众文化农业作为一种职业,
439	which has led to a breakdown of basic inherited knowledge	导致基本遗传知识崩溃
440	about farming techniques and daily life in rural areas	农村地区耕作技术和日常生活
441	and best practices that's made it very hard,	和最佳的做法使它很难,
442	even with considerable efforts, to revive farming communities.	即便付出了很大努力,也要重振农业社区。
443	Moreover, the consolidation of distribution, retail,	此外,合并销售、零售、
444	has meant that a lot of family businesses in rural areas have been reduced,	这意味着农村地区许多家庭企业已经减少,
445	and rural communities tend to depend on large discount stores,	农村社区往往依赖大型折扣商店,
446	as is true in the United States and elsewhere, for opportunities to work.	在美国和其他地方,工作机会也是如此。
447	And there's not the sort of economic or cultural diversity that we had,	我们没有那种经济或文化多样性,
448	although this is not true for all rural areas in Japan.	虽然并非日本所有农村地区都如此。
449	Moreover, young people tend to go to the cities	此外,年轻人往往去城市
450	in order to get a college education.	为了获得大学教育。
451	And as I know from the one farming community I've interacted with,	正如我从一个农耕社区里知道的我和他互动过
452	Genki Mura, which is in a rural area outside of Tokyo,	村贤纪在东京以外的一个乡村地区
453	most of them tend to leave.	他们大多倾向于离开。
454	So we have an aging population.	因此,我们有一个老化的人口。
455	And as you know, becoming a farmer is not something you just do overnight.	正如你所知道的,成为农民不只是你做一夜。
456	I was advised by a friend of mine,	我得到一个朋友的建议
457	if I want to go back to being a farmer, I should start doing it before I turn 50.	如果我想回到一个农民, 我应该开始做在我50岁之前。
458	Now it's already too late.	现在已经太晚了。
459	Because if you try and do it later,	因为如果你以后再试的话
460	you can't really bend down your knees and your back.	膝盖和背部不能弯曲
461	It's not accustomed to what's required to actually be a farmer.	它不习惯于做一个农民
462	But I really wanted to talk today about what I think the most important study,	但我今天真的想谈谈我认为最重要的研究
463	as we look at these issues of education and the agricultural rural communities,	当我们审视这些教育和农业农村社区问题时,
464	and that is the study by Franklin King, which was published in 1911,	这就是富兰克林·金在1911年发表的研究
465	called Farmers of 40 Centuries, Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea, and Japan.	中国、韩国和日本的常年农业。
466	Now Franklin King, who was a professor of agriculture at University of Minnesota,	现在富兰克林·金曾是明尼苏达大学的农业教授
467	visited China, Korea, and Japan at the beginning of the 20th century,	20世纪初访问了中国、韩国和日本,
468	and he describes in detail the remarkable best practices for organic farming	他详细介绍了有机耕作的显著最佳做法。
469	that he saw in Asia, the incredible commitment to preserving soil, water,	他在亚洲看到的, 不可思议的承诺保护土壤,水,
470	traditional irrigation, and long-term planning that was really made agriculture	传统灌溉,以及真正成为农业的长期规划
471	in East Asia the best in the world at that time.	在东亚是当时世界上最好的。
472	He describes the achievements, and at that time he advocated that the eastern model	他描述了成就,当时他主张东方模式
473	should be what should be followed in the west.	应该是西方应该遵循的
474	Needless to say, the advent of artificial fertilizers and then other developments,	毋庸置疑,人工肥料的出现以及其他的发展,
475	including mechanization, took us in a separate direction.	包括机械化把我们带到了另一个方向
476	However, I find this book, which has been translated into Chinese, into Japanese, and Korean,	然而,我发现这本书, 已经翻译成中文, 日文和韩文,
477	to be extremely valuable and give us a hint of what Asia itself holds.	给我们一点亚洲本身所蕴藏的东西
478	And I would take this back to the Confucian ideas about ecology and economy,	我会把这个带回儒家关于生态和经济的想法,
479	which place an emphasis, and we can see this from the Song dynasty, through the Qing dynasty,	我们从宋朝到清朝
480	but especially in the Song dynasty, on long-term agricultural development as the center of the economy.	但尤以宋朝为主,以长期农业发展为经济中心.
481	And the government, which was also run with long-term goals,	而政府, 也是以长期目标运行,
482	not one year, two year, five year, but century-long projects for irrigation, land management,	而不是一年,两年,五年, 但一个世纪的项目灌溉,土地管理,
483	maintenance of soil, and other programs, which were extremely sophisticated	维护土壤和其他极其复杂的方案
484	and probably the most sophisticated in the world at the time.	可能是当时世界上最精密的
485	That emphasis on ecology as central to the concept of economics is what made Asia	强调生态是经济学概念的核心,是使亚洲
486	the center of the world economy up until really the middle of the 19th century,	直到19世纪中叶世界经济的中心
487	something which we tend not to be aware of, but as the opium wars,	有些东西我们不太了解但作为鸦片战争
488	the whole development of the United States and Great Britain, especially,	美国和大不列颠的整个发展,特别是,
489	was related to the transfer of wealth from China, essentially.	基本上与中国的财富转移有关。
490	There's something between India and Bangladesh as well, and other countries,	印度和孟加拉国还有别的国家
491	but China had enormous wealth, as did East Asia.	但中国拥有巨大的财富,东亚也是如此。
492	I'd also add that the educated intellectuals in government and elsewhere,	我还想补充一下政府和其他地方受过教育的知识分子
493	in China, Japan, and Korea, maintained their family farms.	在中国,日本,韩国,维持着家族农场.
494	They made their rural homes the center for their lives,	他们把自己的农村家园作为生活的中心,
495	although they went to the big cities, into the civil service.	尽管他们去了大城市,进入公务员队伍。
496	They came back home, and that was very much a part of their identity	他们回家,这是他们身份的一部分
497	and of their long-term family economic and cultural investment in land and in the local economy.	以及他们对土地和当地经济的长期家庭经济和文化投资。
498	So if we're serious going forward about reversing the extreme forms of urbanization	如果我们真的要扭转极端形式的城市化
499	and the resulting crisis for rural communities in China and in Korea,	以及由此产生的中国和韩国农村社区的危机,
500	South Korea, and Japan as well, the lack of resources,	韩国和日本也缺乏资源
501	the cultural and institutional foundations that are breaking down,	正在瓦解的文化和体制基础,
502	the need to restore a culture of sustainability,	需要恢复可持续性文化,
503	we really need to reconsider what exactly growth is, what development is,	我们真的需要重新考虑什么是增长,什么是发展,
504	and whether the Western model as exists now.	以及现在的西方模式
505	I wouldn't say it's the whole Western tradition, since the Western philosophical,	我不会说这是整个西方的传统, 因为西方哲学,
506	political, economic system is complex,	政治,经济体制是复杂的,
507	but it's become somewhat simplistic over the last, say, 60 years,	但在过去的60年里它变得有点简单
508	and especially the last 30 years.	尤其是过去30年
509	So whether this Western model, as opposed to the original Eastern one, is really universal.	所以这个西方模式,相对于最初的东方模式,是否真的具有普遍性.
510	Is it really what we need looking at the future,	这真的是我们需要的展望未来,
511	especially in response to the challenges of climate change,	特别是应对气候变化的挑战,
512	which are just only starting to kick in?	才刚开始呢?
513	As the global urbanization accelerates, the rural crisis	随着全球城市化的加速,农村危机
514	will have a lot of demands that will be made of us.	将会对我们提出很多要求
515	And I would say that especially in the case of China,	我要说,特别是在中国,
516	that the Neo-Confucian, the Zhu Shi school of Confucian teaching,	即涅槃者,儒学朱史之学,
517	put tremendous emphasis on long-term ecological sustainability.	大力强调长期生态可持续性。
518	And that maybe that's what my conclusion would be,	也许这就是我的结论,
519	that if we're looking for an answer for China,	如果我们要找中国的答案
520	in terms of what the education in China should be,	关于中国的教育应该是什么,
521	that it's not simply translating what we Western scholars have written on the subject,	不仅仅是翻译我们西方学者所写的
522	but it actually is rediscovering China's original,	但它实际上是重新发现中国的原创,
523	or for that matter, Korean, Japan's original,	或者说,朝鲜语,日本的原声,
524	long-term, 100-year, 200-year plan for agricultural production	长期、100年、200年农业生产计划
525	with an emphasis on irrigation, water quality, soil quality,	强调灌溉、水质、土壤质量,
526	and making agriculture the center of the economic system.	并使农业成为经济体系的中心。
527	I much appreciate having the opportunity to speak with you,	我非常感谢有机会和你谈谈,
528	and I look forward to the rest of our discussion.	我期待着我们讨论的其余部分。
529	Thank you.	谢谢
530	Thank you so much, Emmanuel.	谢谢你,埃曼纽尔。
531	We had very much 11 minutes, so that's great.	我们用了很长的11分钟,所以这是伟大的。
532	Thank you.	谢谢
533	So we got back a little bit of time from our late start.	我们从很晚的开始就回来了
534	As I mentioned, first of all, thank you so much for your comments,	正如我所提到的,首先,非常感谢你的评论,
535	and I hope all of you really enjoyed.	我希望你们都喜欢
536	Wow.	珃
537	In the last half an hour, we went from Haiti to China to Japan.	过去半小时,我们从海地到中国到日本。
538	We covered things that happened very recently,	我们报道了最近发生的事情
539	all the way to some historical background.	一直到一些历史背景。
540	And overall, I feel there is a sense of a very challenging situation	总体来说,我觉得有种非常艰难的局面
541	for the rural area, but also there is some cause for some hope	农村地区,但也有一些希望的原因
542	about possible learning from the East and the West,	关于可能学习东西方,
543	for some particularly to be more patient and to come up,	以便一些特别的人更加耐心,更加耐心地出现,
544	as Emmanuel suggested, a 100- to 200-year planning,	正如埃马纽埃尔建议的那样, 一百到二百年的计划,
545	which actually in America there are American Indians who actually say	在美国,有美国印第安人说
546	they would, even planting a tree or clearing a pasture,	他们将种树,或扫荡牧场,
547	they think what will happen to the next seven generations,	他们猜想后七世将怎样。
548	which at that time the general lifespan of about 30, 40, is about 200, 250 years.	这时一般寿命大约30,40年,大约200,250年.
549	So that seems like a natural span of what kind of horizons we're looking at.	因此,这似乎是一个自然的跨度, 什么样的视野,我们正在看。
550	Okay, so now actually more importantly is this is now we have about 15, 10 minutes.	好了,现在更重要的是,现在我们还有15,10分钟。
551	It's just for Professor Jabal and Teacher Yang,	只是给Jabal教授和杨老师的
552	maybe would you like to ask each other questions	也许你们想问彼此的问题
553	or reflect on some of the points that you'd like to highlight?	或者反思你想要强调的几点?
554	And I'm also now fielding any questions.	我现在还回答问题
555	Be ready for asking questions because I'll be asking you questions.	准备好提问因为我会问你问题
556	And those who are online, can you just turn on the video for the online?	而那些在线的人, 你能打开视频在线?
557	I just had a sense to say to wave to our online community.	我只是有种感觉要向我们的网络社区挥手。
558	It's a quiet community.	这是一个安静的社区。
559	They're not even on their screens.	他们甚至没有在屏幕上。
560	Oh, there's one.	哦,有一个。
561	Hi, hello.	嗨,哈罗。
562	All right, so I do know I think there are a couple of dozens out there.	好吧,所以我知道,我认为有几十个在那里。
563	So, but regardless, please feel free to send in,	所以,但不管怎样,请随意送来,
564	to text in your question.	在您的问题中发短信。
565	And if you wish to, if you turn on the screen,	如果你想,如果你打开屏幕,
566	you can actually turn on the mic and you can even ask your question in person.	你可以打开麦克风甚至可以亲自提问
567	Okay, so over to you.	好吧,所以给你。
568	Now ask Professor Jabal, why didn't you start off?	现在问问Jabal教授你为什么不开始呢?
569	Run this like your webinar, okay?	运行这个像你的 webinar,好吗?
570	We're sitting in your seminar right now.	我们正坐在你的研讨会上
571	Yeah, so thank you to both of my colleagues for their presentations.	谢谢两位同事的介绍
572	And I wanted to just focus in on a couple of topics that I think are universal.	我想集中谈谈我认为是普遍性的几个议题。
573	First of all, this idea that was mentioned of the migration from rural to urban,	首先,人们提到的从农村向城市迁移的想法,
574	that is happening all over the world.	这正在世界各地发生。
575	I was in Bhutan and they are, the agricultural society there is suffering	我在不丹,他们在那里,农业社会正在受苦
576	because all the young people want to go to the cities and actually a lot of them	因为所有的年轻人都想去城市实际上很多
577	want to leave the Bhutan and go to Australia where everything is happening.	想要离开不丹,去澳大利亚那里的一切正在发生。
578	I think this is a function of the culture that's shown on movies and TVs	我想这是电影和电视上播放的文化功能
579	和TikToks之类的东西。
580	The young people are captured by this kind of life.	年轻人被这种生活所俘虏.
581	So I wanted to just reinforce that this migration is all over the world.	因此,我想强调,这种移徙遍及全世界。
582	And I wanted to reinforce that point, which is that both of you made,	我想强化这一点, 即你们两个都做了,
583	which is the rural culture, the culture of agriculture is portrayed	农村文化、农业文化
584	in a poor light these days, again, all over the world.	现在的光线很暗全世界都一样
585	And it's really hard for, say, parents or in the case of the one photograph	对父母来说,或者对一张照片来说,这是很难做到的
586	from rural China of the grandparent, it's hard for the elders	祖父母的中国农村人长辈很难过
587	to instill in the younger people the values, the skills,	向年轻人灌输价值观和技能,
588	the knowledge that they have.	他们的知识。
589	And so then, as was mentioned, the idea of going back	所以,正如有人提到的那样,关于返回的想法
590	and recreating an agriculture class sometime in the future is going to be different.	将来某个时候再造一个农业课会不同
591	And I think this idea of rural education is vitally important.	我认为这个关于乡村教育的想法至关重要。
592	I don't know and I'd be curious what you all think of how do we actually get	我不知道,我会好奇你们怎么看待我们
593	younger people to either stay in the rural areas, learn the skills,	年轻人要么留在农村地区,学习技能,
594	the organic skills, the sustainable skills of their elder generation,	有机技能长辈的可持续技能
595	or even get some people such as those that are sitting in the seminar right now,	甚至有人像那些坐在研讨会上的人,
596	some of the younger people in a manual sense, the pre-50 people,	一些年轻人在手动意义上, 50年前,
597	to go back to the farms and take up and learn farming.	回到农场去学习农耕
598	I don't know how we do that.	我不知道我们怎么做到的。
599	I wonder if anyone has any ideas.	我想知道是否有人有任何想法。
600	I think education maybe is the only way we have, but I don't know how we do this.	我认为教育也许是我们唯一的办法, 但我不知道我们怎么做到的。
601	But I'd be curious to hear what the other speakers have	但我很想知道其他发言者有什么
602	and maybe when we get to the audience, what ideas they have.	也许当我们到达观众, 他们有什么想法。
603	Can I reply?	我能回答吗?
604	Sure, absolutely.	当然可以
605	My name is Will.	我叫威尔
606	I'm an educator.	我是个教育家。
607	I spent the past few times educating the teenagers	我过去几次教育青少年
608	and doing exchanges to the rural provinces.	与农村省份进行交流。
609	I do have a point because one of my co-founders,	我确实有道理因为我的一位共同创始人
610	we actually had a farm in Anhui province.	我们实际上在安徽省有个农场
611	It's very large.	甚为广大.
612	It's about 26,000 acres, so it's massive.	占地约2.6万亩,所以规模很大.
613	The founders and the funding goes from those successful people	创始人和资金来自成功的人
614	or businessmen who actually made a fortune	或商人谁实际赚了一大笔钱
615	and want to chase back their teenage lives, their rural lives.	并想追赶他们的青少年生活,他们的农村生活。
616	So they print the money with the local policy,	所以他们用地方政策来印钱
617	which the exchange of the policy allows to exchange the farm lines	交换政策可以交换农场线路
618	to go to, I think they had a loan for 50 or 70-something years.	我想他们借了50到70年贷款
619	What I found surprisingly is a lot of people	我发现令人惊讶的是很多人
620	actually is doing a pursuit of the rural life.	实际上,这是在追求农村生活。
621	For our young generations, or for me, I'm in my 30s,	对于我们的年轻一代, 或者为了我, 我在我的30多岁,
622	our concern is whether we can get an economic balance,	我们的担心是,我们能否取得经济平衡,
623	if we can earn enough money while enjoying the countryside.	如果我们能赚到足够的钱同时享受乡村。
624	And I found myself, there is actually a balance between it.	我发现自己,它之间其实是平衡的。
625	Because with the transportation,	因为随着运输,
626	I actually just took a straight hour train from Shandong province	其实我刚从山东省坐了几个小时的火车
627	to come here for this meeting.	来参加这个会议。
628	And the 5G generation of the communication,	和5G 一代通讯,
629	especially we know the sixth generation is on the way	特别是我们知道第六代即将来临
630	with Elon Musk and all the satellites and stuff,	与伊隆穆斯克和所有卫星和东西,
631	actually the cost for communication is going to drop significantly	实际上,通信费用将大幅下降
632	and they can actually earn quite a bit of money	他们可以赚很多钱
633	while enjoying the low price and the beautiful countryside.	享受低价和美丽乡村
634	So we know a lot of examples like this.	所以我们知道很多这样的例子。
635	People are actually trying this in all different places in China.	人们实际上正在中国各地尝试这个方法。
636	Occasionally, or you come back to China,	有时,或者你回到中国,
637	come to China, we can actually show you around.	来中国,我们可以带你到处看看。
638	It's actually very interesting.	这其实很有趣。
639	So I think that's actually a balance,	所以我认为这其实是一个平衡,
640	because after so many years of the development,	因为经过这么多年的发展,
641	during the urban lines,	在城市线上,
642	people are actually flowing back to the rural lines, rural places.	实际上,人们正在流回农村,农村。
643	One thing I find curious, what's blocking this,	有件事我很好奇是什么挡住了这个
644	is I think the administration is still thinking	我觉得政府还在想
645	that they need more people, more urbanization.	他们需要更多的人, 更多的城市化。
646	So they don't allow the country folks to build their own houses,	所以他们不允许乡下人建自己的房子
647	I mean houses just like the United States.	我是说像美国一样的房子
648	They are blocking people to do that first.	他们阻止人们首先这样做。
649	What they are trying to do is,	他们想做的是
650	through generations of Chinese development,	历经几代中国的发展,
651	they are actually dividing the land to millions and millions of individuals.	他们实际上正在把土地分割成数百万人。
652	Each individual, for one acre of the land,	每个人对于土地的一英亩,
653	there's maybe 100 or 200 owners,	可能有100或200个业主,
654	and that's a big problem for the rural development.	这是农村发展的一大问题。
655	So they're trying to find ways to actually centralize the land.	因此,他们试图寻找实际集中土地的方法.
656	And after that, they can let the machines or like, you know,	之后,他们可以让机器或者喜欢,你知道,
657	tourism and all the stuff would be possible,	旅游和所有的东西是可能的,
658	without changing the fundamental of this administration,	不改变这个政府的基础,
659	the equalized of the lands.	平等的土地。
660	Thank you.	谢谢
661	What was your name again?	你叫什么来着?
662	Will.	威尔
663	Thank you, Will.	谢谢你,威尔
664	And that is an interesting reflection from a young man	这是一个有趣的反映一个年轻人
665	who would like to be staying in the country,	谁愿意留在这个国家,
666	but some of the systemic problems of land property rights in China.	但中国土地产权的一些系统性问题。
667	Okay, what I'm going to do,	好吧,我该怎么办,
668	I'm actually now going to hold questions from the audience.	我现在要向观众提问。
669	Let's just have the speakers to continue.	我们继续说吧
670	I'm sorry, but that was really extremely helpful, Will.	对不起,但那真的很有帮助,威尔。
671	Well, let's come back to Emmanuel and Yang.	好吧,让我们回到埃马纽埃尔和杨。
672	Do you have any comments on Professor Jivelle's comment	你对Jivelle教授的评论有什么意见吗?
673	about the universal trend of people who do,	人们的普遍趋势,
674	the majority of people do move from the rural to urban,	大多数人确实从农村迁移到城市,
675	and also how, because the rural life is portrayed,	如何,因为农村生活被描绘,
676	the perception is that it's very hard,	感觉很困难,
677	and there are a lot of problems that make it very, very difficult to reside in.	并且有很多问题使它非常,非常难以居住。
678	So any comments?	有什么意见吗?
679	Talking about the culture,	谈论文化,
680	I think culture is very important,	我觉得文化很重要
681	but through the culture you educate the people from the young to the old,	但你通过文化教育人们从年轻到老,
682	but now it's internationally and also in China,	但是现在它在国际上在中国也是如此
683	and the school education, take a look at the content,	和学校教育,看看内容,
684	it's actually very urban oriented,	它实际上非常面向城市,
685	and very few content is about the rural life,	很少的内容是关于农村生活,
686	about the rural culture, and about the local culture.	关于农村文化, 关于当地文化。
687	Not only in formal education, also in non-formal education.	不仅在正规教育中,而且在非正规教育中。
688	Take a look at the TV.	看看电视
689	How many programs are about the rural culture?	有多少关于农村文化的方案?
690	Very few.	极少见.
691	So fundamentally that's why we need a new kind of education,	因此,从根本上说,这就是为什么我们需要一种新的教育,
692	not those kind of traditional education to find a job, to get rich.	不是那种传统的教育找工作,发财。
693	The sustainable development education is to know about your local culture,	可持续发展教育是了解你的地方文化,
694	respect the local culture,	尊重当地文化,
695	and also the values and so forth.	还有价值等等
696	So that's why they advocate for the educational sustainable development,	这就是为什么他们倡导教育可持续发展,
697	with new content, new methods, and a new orientation.	有了新的内容,新的方法, 和一个新的方向。
698	This I think is very important.	我觉得这很重要
699	Okay, I'm just answering your questions.	好吧,我只是回答你的问题。
700	Yeah.	对
701	Okay, great.	好吧,伟大的。
702	I just wanted to ask Emmanuel to make some comments and then we'll be able to get to the floor.	我只是想让Emmanuel发表一些评论然后我们才能到地上
703	Please go ahead, Emmanuel.	请继续,埃马纽埃尔。
704	Well, I just want to follow up on what Dr. Yang just said.	我只想跟杨医生说
705	And that is that to create such a sustainable ecological culture and education would be the primary way to do this.	这就是创造这种可持续的生态文化和教育是做到这一点的主要途径。
706	In a way, it's the equivalent of the May 4th movement in reverse.	从某种意义上来说,这相当于5月4日的逆向运动.
707	But to do so would require a combination between certain ideas, shall we say Western or modern ideas, and some traditional ones.	但是,要做到这一点,就需要把某些想法结合起来,我们应当说西方或现代的想法,以及一些传统的想法。
708	So obviously we don't want to go back to foot binding.	很明显我们不想回到脚束缚。
709	We don't want to go back to an oppressive society for women.	我们不想回到一个压迫妇女的社会。
710	We don't want to have semi-slave servants.	我们不想有半奴隶仆人
711	And there are lots of things about traditional China, traditional Japan and Korea that we don't want to go back to.	还有很多关于传统中国,传统日本和韩国的事情,我们不想再回到过去.
712	However, there's an enormous amount in that tradition, especially regarding agriculture and sustainability, long-term planning that we do want.	然而,这个传统中有很多, 特别是在农业和可持续性方面, 我们确实想要长期规划。
713	And which can supplement and improve a lot of the general concepts that are used in the West and a lot of our concepts about development and the betterment of humanity.	它可以补充和改进西方使用的许多一般概念,以及我们有关发展和改善人类的许多概念。
714	So I just wanted to suggest that it's a creative process that we're going to have in case of China or Japan, create a new culture.	所以,我只想建议,这是一个创造性的过程, 对于中国或者日本来说,我们将有一个, 创造一种新的文化。
715	But that new culture will draw upon some aspects of traditional culture, but probably not all aspects.	但是,这种新文化将借鉴传统文化的某些方面,但可能不是所有方面。
716	Wonderful.	真不错
717	A balance, again, we're talking about again the cycle, the balance around here.	平衡,我们再次谈论循环,平衡在这里。
718	And here we have, introduce yourself.	在这里,我们介绍一下你自己。
719	Okay, so my name is Max and I'm also a alum for Yale Forestry School.	好吧,所以我的名字是马克思我也是耶鲁林业学校的校友。
720	So just going back to Gordon's question.	回到戈登的问题
721	Actually, I worked in the rural areas for several years after I came back to China.	实际上,我回到中国后,在农村工作了几年。
722	And although what you point out is a general universal trend, however, there are some special cases that I want to point out.	尽管你指出的是普遍趋势, 但我要指出一些特殊情况。
723	There are some pioneer group projects like Yanglaoshi and many others.	有一些先锋集团项目,如杨乐雄和许多其他项目.
724	For example, they are conserving the old seeds, the seeds that can regenerate itself over generations.	例如,它们正在保存旧的种子,这些种子可以世代相传地再生。
725	So without buying the F1 seeds, which cannot regenerate, you have to buy from big agricultural companies.	因此,不购买F1种子,这些种子无法再生,你就必须从大型农业公司购买.
726	So that is already happening in places like Hangzhou in China, like the farmers are trading their generations of seeds to keep that genetic variety.	因此,在中国杭州等地已经发生了这种情况,比如农民用他们世代的种子来保持这种基因种类。
727	And also architects like Wang Shu, he is building, like rebuilding a village in Hangzhou Wenzhen.	还有王舒等建筑师,他正在建设,就像在杭州文革中重建一个村庄一样.
728	So, for example, he is one of the two most famous architects in China.	因此,举例来说,他是中国两个最著名的建筑师之一.
729	And he built traditional houses in Wenzhen, both modern and traditional, to appeal some tourism attractions.	而他在文革中建造了传统房屋,既有现代的,也有传统的,以吸引一些旅游景点.
730	And kind of conserve the culture of the community in that village.	并保护了该村的社区文化。
731	So I think in that sense, there is some cultural continuation.	因此,我认为从这个意义上讲,有一些文化延续。
732	Also, there are a lot of educational opportunities in many rural places in China.	另外,中国许多农村也有许多教育机会.
733	The one I participated just a few years ago was in Yunnan, Jingmai Shan, if you've heard of it.	几年前我参加的那个是在云南景梅山,如果你听说过的话.
734	It's actually a very new United Nations UNESCO World Heritage Site because of the belong people, how they grow tea underneath the forest, underneath the shade of the trees.	它实际上是一个非常新的联合国教科文组织世界遗产, 因为属于人类, 他们如何在森林下种茶, 在树荫下种茶。
735	So they use biological controls, use the spiders and birds to control the pests and diseases.	因此他们使用生物控制,使用蜘蛛和鸟类来控制病虫害.
736	So I think because I searched for pesticide-free tea all over China for many years, and I think that is the most purest form of organic tea that I can find.	所以我认为,因为我在中国各地寻找了多年无农药的茶叶,我认为那是我能找到的最纯的有机茶叶.
737	So after it became a UNESCO site, a lot of tourists went there every year to kind of learn from their traditional wisdom.	因此,在成为联合国教科文组织网站后,每年都有许多游客去那里学习他们的传统智慧。
738	But that's another problem is called mass tourism.	但另一个问题是所谓的大众旅游。
739	So they're coming to the other direction.	因此,他们来到了另一个方向。
740	But I think a lot of other places that you mentioned in Yunnan, Guizhou, a lot of the minority villages, they can start to explore some tourism, eco-tourism opportunities to start to get some attraction from the internet.	但我认为,在云南,贵州,很多少数民族村落,你提到的很多其他地方,他们可以开始探索一些旅游,生态旅游的机会,开始从互联网上获得一些吸引力.
741	Maybe some explorers discover mindset, people will travel there and learn from their culture.	也许有些探险家会发现心态,人们会去那里学习他们的文化.
742	Wonderful.	真不错
743	Thank you so much for your comment and additional case studies of tying the traditional and the modern.	非常感谢你对传统和现代联系的评论和更多的个案研究。
744	Any comments here?	有意见吗?
745	I fully agree.	我完全同意这一点。
746	When we talk about the cultural diversity for the sustainable development, it's very closely related.	当我们谈论文化多样性促进可持续发展时,它有着非常密切的联系.
747	But what kind of culture, like in Chinese culture, is binding the foot and also look down at the woman.	但是,什么样的文化,如中国文化中,是捆绑足部,也俯视着女人.
748	And talking about if the woman doesn't have the knowledge is the best thing.	而论妇人若无知识为最胜.
749	Those kind of culture we should compare.	那种文化,我们应该比较。
750	Yeah.	对
751	But in the meantime, in thousands of years of the culture, a lot of it is very much environmental protection and conservation.	但在此期间,在几千年的文化中,很多都是环境保护和养护.
752	And talking about respect the elderly and in harmony of the society and in China and in many other cultures as well,	谈到尊重老人和谐社会在中国和许多其他文化中
753	we should preserve those kind of culture to make this modernized, make it address the modern developmental issues.	我们应当保持这种文化,使这种文化现代化,使之解决现代发展问题。
754	I think the culture has a great contribution.	我认为这种文化有很大的贡献。
755	It also can create a lot of job opportunities for the agricultural, for the cultural products, for the cultural work.	它还可以为农业、文化产品和文化工作创造大量就业机会。
756	And also like in China, it can improve the health with a lot of herbs, Chinese herbs, Chinese medicine.	也和中国一样,用大量的草药,中药材,中药材可以改善健康.
757	And it's from the villages, it's sustainable, it's good for the health, and also it's a way of life.	且从乡里得来,可持久,有益于健康,也是一种生活方式.
758	There are very, very large elements in the local culture that can be preserved.	当地文化中有非常,非常大的元素可以保留.
759	And it's always environmentally friendly.	而且它总是环保的。
760	But we should recover this culture, preserve this culture, make it more relevant to the modern development, which we can all together.	但是,我们应当恢复这种文化,保存这种文化,使之与现代发展更加相关,我们都能共同实现现代发展.
761	That's right.	没错
762	I definitely feel education for sustainable development is a very important education reform, education revolution.	我当然觉得教育促进可持续发展是一件非常重要的教育改革,教育革命.
763	Yes.	对
764	But right now, haven't really implemented it in China.	但是现在,还没有真正在中国实施.
765	Thank you, Yang.	谢谢你,杨。
766	So any other questions or comments?	还有什么问题或评论吗?
767	I think Professor Javal, you want to say something?	Javal教授,你想说什么吗?
768	Yes, I just wanted to make a comment based on something I think Will said and just said.	是的,我只是想发表一个评论基于一些我认为威尔说和刚刚说。
769	There may be an interesting dichotomy between the concept of balance and harmony,	平衡与和谐的概念之间可能有有趣的二分法,
770	which comes through in the Chinese and Asian culture so much compared to progress,	在中国和亚洲文化中与进步相比
771	which is sort of the Western idea of constantly moving forward, constantly finding the new ways of doing things.	这是一种西方的观念不断前进不断寻找新的做事方式
772	And I think that that might bring to the fore some of the topics we're talking about, that we want to rediscover the balance.	我认为,这也许可以突出我们所讨论的一些议题, 我们希望重新发现平衡。
773	For instance, living in the rural areas is a lower cost of living.	例如,生活在农村地区的生活费用较低。
774	You can have a nice house, you don't have to spend so much money, there's not so much hassle, and you can do agriculture.	你可以有一个好的房子,不用花这么多钱,没有太多麻烦,你可以做农业.
775	And then with high speed internet connections, you can connect through streaming and movies to the fast paced life in the city.	然后随着高速的互联网连接,你可以通过流线和电影连接到城市的快速生活.
776	I think that may be an interesting way of looking at it.	我认为这可能是一个有趣的方法看待它。
777	So I want to thank my colleagues for bringing that up and Will for bringing that up too.	因此,我要感谢我的同事们提出这个问题,并感谢威尔提出这个问题。
778	That was a nice thought.	这是一个不错的想法。
779	Thank you.	谢谢
780	I'm going to ask for, do you have a question for some comments?	我要问你,你有什么问题要评论吗?
781	Oh, sorry, here?	哦,对不起,这里?
782	Sorry, I think I just have a quick question.	抱歉,我想我有个问题要问
783	So as Dr. Yang just mentioned, that we need a new kind of education and that we need to develop the sustainable culture	正如杨博士刚才提到的我们需要一种新的教育我们需要发展可持续的文化
784	because most things we have currently are urban oriented and that we know little about rural culture.	因为我们目前掌握的大多数东西都是面向城市的, 而我们对农村文化知之甚少。
785	So I think my question is that for people who are living in urban regions and who are not really planning on moving back to the farmland in the short term,	所以我想,我的问题是, 对于生活在城市地区的人, 他们没有真正计划在短期内返回农田,
786	not being that pioneer, but how do we support this initiative?	不是这个先锋,但我们如何支持这一倡议?
787	Or putting it another way, how do we involve a wider audience in the society to kind of support what we're currently doing as a pioneer?	或者换句话说,我们如何让社会上更广泛的观众来支持我们目前作为先驱所做的一切?
788	I think the rural culture is not any different from the urban culture.	我认为农村文化与城市文化没有区别.
789	Because the values to be part of the nature and to be one of the nature is universal.	因为作为自然的一部分和作为自然的一部分的价值是普遍的。
790	It's not only urban people that don't have to do that.	不惟城人不须此.
791	That's not true.	这不是真的。
792	But especially in China, thousands of years, the Chinese culture actually is the agricultural culture.	但特别是在中国,几千年,中国文化实际上是农业文化.
793	The people doing the farming work and most of the people work as farmers.	务农的人和大部分的人都是农民。
794	So in China, even the people living in the city, their roots, their parents and also their ancestors, they are from China.	所以在中国,甚至生活在城市里的人,他们的根,父母以及他们的祖先,都是来自中国的.
795	In China, all those points, all those good stories, it's all about the rural area.	在中国,所有这些点,所有好的故事,都是关于农村的.
796	So I don't think we should separate from the rural culture and the urban culture.	因此,我认为我们不应该与乡村文化和城市文化分开.
797	It's all very much related, but we do need the new education, the new content to conserve and to respect the nature.	这些都非常相关,但我们确实需要新的教育,新的内容来保存和尊重自然.
798	And not really those kinds of consumes.	也不是那种消费。
799	I think that's international.	我认为那是国际性的。
800	So on this point, we're asking for a revolution.	因此,在这一点上,我们要求革命.
801	We're trying to change a lot of mindsets that is continuously enforced from media, from what we watch.	我们试图改变许多观念,这些观念是不断从媒体,从我们看得到的.
802	But of course, we all know that the most critical group is the youth group.	当然,我们都知道,最重要的群体是青年群体。
803	Basically, the Gen Z, the Alpha, they're the ones that are under 20s.	基本上,Gen Z,Alpha, 他们都是20岁以下。
804	And I think the two teenagers were probably by their parents saying they had something else to do.	我想两个青少年可能跟父母说他们还有别的事要做
805	But there you are.	但你在这里。
806	So I was going to pose this question to our three panelists as your teachers.	所以我打算把这个问题提出给我们的三位小组成员作为你的老师。
807	Professor Javalle, you're right now actually teaching freshmen.	Javalle教授你现在正在教新生
808	Is it a freshman seminar?	是新生研讨会吗?
809	What are the types of students that come, that choose to come to take your course, to learn about Haiti?	来参加你们课程的学生类型是什么?
810	Like I said, Ms. Yang, in your teaching, who are the students that are really interested to try to learn more about rural areas and to step into studying an alternative career path?	正如我所说的,杨女士,在你的教学中,真正感兴趣的学生是哪些人来尝试更多地了解农村地区,并步入学习另类职业道路?
811	And also Emmanuel, you are sitting in Tokyo.	还有伊曼纽尔,你在东京
812	You've been in East Asia for many years.	你在东亚已经多年了.
813	What is your feeling about, what is it that we would want to, I don't know, to select and entice most easily those who are already interested?	你是什么感觉,是什么,我们想,我不知道, 选择和诱惑最容易那些已经有兴趣的人?
814	But what, in your experience, can help identify those students and also educate them to bring them forward as pioneers for us to have this revolution in education?	但是,在你的经验中,有什么能帮助识别这些学生,并教育他们,使他们成为我们的先锋,让我们在教育中进行这场革命呢?
815	Professor Javalle?	贾瓦利教授?
816	Just quickly, the students that I teach in the Haiti course are freshmen.	很快,我在海地课程中教的学生是新生。
817	They're entering students, so they're just out of high school.	他们进入学生,所以他们只是高中毕业.
818	So most of them are 17, 18 years old.	因此他们大多是17,18岁.
819	I think the characteristic for this course is they know nothing about Haiti and they want to learn something.	我认为,这一课程的特点是,他们对海地一无所知,他们想学习一些东西。
820	So this is a really good gene for someone who's a teacher to have in their students that wanting to learn about something they don't know about.	所以,对于一个老师来说,这是一个非常好的基因, 他的学生们想要学习一些他们不知道的东西。
821	And I think there's an interesting spot because so much of our learning, like in mathematics, you learn one year and then you build on that the next year and you build on that next year.	我认为这里有个有趣的地方, 因为我们所学的很多东西, 比如数学,你学了一年, 然后在下一年的基础上发展, 在下一年的基础上发展。
822	This is a course where everyone starts at zero and we all start together.	这是大家从零开始,我们一起开始的课程。
823	So you can talk about how you learn about things.	所以,你可以谈论你如何学习的东西。
824	But other than that, they're all different majors, April, so they're all over the maps and where they're going to go.	但除此之外,他们都是不同的少校,四月,所以他们遍布地图和去的地方.
825	And this is just an interesting chance for them to have a smaller course.	这对他们来说是一个有趣的机会, 让他们有一个较小的课程。
826	The seminar course is designed to have entering students be able to have a small course instead of the economics course, which is the biggest course at Yale that may have 600 students in it.	研讨会课程旨在让进入的学生能够拥有一个小课程,而不是经济学课程,这是耶鲁大学最大的课程,其中可能有600名学生.
827	This is a chance to really talk to a professor and interact.	这是一个真正与教授交谈和互动的机会。
828	But I'm curious what Emmanuel has to say also.	但我很想知道Emmanuel还能说什么
829	Right.	对
830	So it's always hard to know who's going to learn what when.	故常难知谁学何时.
831	When I was undergraduate at Yale, I took Conrad Tauchman's history of Tokugawa, Japan, and he expressed the Tokugawa policy for forest management.	耶鲁大学本科毕业时,考取了康拉德·陶奇曼的日本德川历史,他表达了德川森林管理政策.
832	And Tokugawa, Japan in the 17th, 18th century had 100, 200, 300 year plans for maintaining forest and farmland.	而在17,18世纪的日本德川有维持森林和农田的100,200,300年计划.
833	And I didn't really think about it all that much at the time.	我当时没有那么想
834	But later on in my life, I realized that this was a different model for what I saw around me.	但后来,我意识到这对我周围的景象来说是一个不同的模型。
835	And I realized that Asia offered something not in terms of making semiconductors faster or bullet trains, but some other concept of what the relationship between ethics, economics, and environment and energy was.	我意识到亚洲提供的东西不是制造更快的半导体或子弹列车, 而是一些其他的概念道德、经济学、环境与能源之间的关系。
836	And so you never know.	所以你永远不知道
837	And so we tend to, you know, it's like the parable of the solar.	所以,我们倾向于,你知道, 这就像太阳的比喻。
838	I mean, you throw out the seed and some of them will sprout up and some of them may take, you know, a decade or two to germinate.	我的意思是,你扔出种子和其中一些会发芽有些可能要花一两年的时间才能发芽。
839	And I also think about we should have the post industrialized education.	我也认为我们应该接受工业化后的教育。
840	As an ecological civilization, it is a very important, you know, the direction for the future education and for the future values.	作为一个生态文明,它是一个非常重要的,你知道,未来教育的方向和未来价值观的方向.
841	In the meantime, I think the critical thinking and the system thinking through the education to train the people with the ability for the critical thinking and the system thinking is very important,	在此期间,我认为批判性思维和系统思考通过教育来训练人们具备批判性思维和系统思维的能力是非常重要的,
842	especially to critical about all the practices not favorable to the sustainable development.	特别是批评不利于可持续发展的所有做法。
843	For example, consumerism.	例如消费主义.
844	For example, every year we have to have the economic growth and then we grow more materials and then we encourage people to buy it and to encourage consumerism.	例如,我们每年都必须实现经济增长,然后增加材料,然后鼓励人们购买,鼓励消费主义。
845	This is not sustainable.	这是不可持续的。
846	Yeah.	对
847	So people have to have this kind of critical attitude to be differentiated.	所以人们必须有这种批评的态度才能加以区别.
848	What is sustainable and what is not.	哪些是可持续的,哪些不是。
849	But all those is lacking in the education right now.	但是,所有这些现在都缺乏教育。
850	And that's very important.	这很重要
851	Thank you.	谢谢
852	I'm going to say the judgment was that we only have two more minutes.	我要说判决是我们只有两分钟时间了
853	So I'm going to give another chance for the cyber community.	所以我要给网络社区另一个机会。
854	Quick, if you turn on your screen, if you have a question to ask.	快,如果你打开屏幕, 如果你有问题要问。
855	Oh, here we are.	哦,我们到了。
856	Please go ahead.	请进
857	Good morning.	早上好,你好吗?
858	Good afternoon.	午安师曰.
859	My name is Thomas Deering.	我叫托马斯·迪林
860	I'm a physician.	我是医生
861	I live in the United States and I've had a great opportunity to interact with Chinese folks over the years.	我住在美国,多年来我与中国人有很好的机会互动.
862	I typically, in my specialty, have visited China once or twice a year for 10 years and have relationships with colleagues in China in the field.	通常,我在我的专业中,每年访问中国一次或两次,为期十年,并与中国的实地同事有关系.
863	April, I'd really like to thank you for bringing together this diverse group of individuals from different geographies with different experiences.	4月,我非常想感谢你们聚集了来自不同地理的具有不同经验的人。
864	With people who have different backgrounds, learn from them and become better of it.	与有不同背景的人学习,并变得更好.
865	I'd like to ask a quick question of maybe the faculty on the rural health care considerations.	我想问一个简单的问题, 也许教职员工关于农村保健的考虑。
866	It's problematic across the globe.	这在全球都有问题
867	You mentioned Gary Dazeer.	你提到加里・达泽尔。
868	Gary's a friend of mine.	盖瑞是我的朋友
869	Gary and I were classmates and we trained together as physicians at Yale.	我和盖瑞是同学我们一起在耶鲁大学当医生
870	To make a long story short, I'm right now driving the Yale international community to try to put our alumni together to do conferences like this.	长话短说,我现在正在驱使耶鲁国际社会努力让我们的校友们一起做这样的会议。
871	So I look forward to connecting with you, April.	因此,我期待着与你联系,四月。
872	My question, I guess, is rural health care suffers everywhere.	我想,我的问题是, 农村的保健遍及各地。
873	China is only one of many countries in which this is the case.	中国只是许多情况如此的国家之一。
874	I think there are technological advances that can help this.	我认为有技术进步可以帮助我们做到这一点。
875	I've been working with a couple of folks in China about using web-based considerations, using telemedicine considerations, using other components, using educational programs that are different.	我和中国的几个人合作, 利用网络上的考虑, 利用远程医疗的考虑, 利用其他组件, 利用不同的教育计划。
876	There's a gentleman named Greg Lipp from the UK who has worked very, very closely and developed apps to help people to take their blood pressure medicines or their anticoagulants or their medicines procedures.	有位来自英国的绅士名叫格雷格·利普(Greg Lipp),他非常,非常密切地工作并开发了应用,帮助人们服用其血压药物或抗凝血剂或药物程序.
877	So I'd like to get the perspectives on those of you in rural areas and how we can make health care better by using modern technology, but not losing that personal touch, which is important for the delivery of care to individuals.	所以我想了解一下你们在农村地区的情况, 以及我们如何通过使用现代技术来改善医疗, 但不要失去这种个人的触觉, 这对向个人提供护理很重要。
878	Thank you, April, for allowing me to participate.	谢谢你,艾普丽尔,让我参加
879	So just quickly, in Haiti, Haiti has a very well-developed cell phone network.	所以很快,在海地,海地有一个非常发达的手机网络。
880	And so that's the technology, I think, that could be used very effectively in Haiti.	我认为,这就是海地可以非常有效地使用的技术。
881	You can have telemedicine through the cell phone, but you can also have courses.	你可以通过手机进行远程医疗,但也可以参加课程.
882	People can download and then listen on their phone over in the evening or when they're walking to get the water.	人们可以下载,然后在晚上或步行去取水时在手机上收听.
883	There are two courses that talk to them about sanitation in the home.	有两门课程与他们谈论家中的环境卫生。
884	There's a lot of appropriate technology, simple hand-washing machines and well-filtering that people can adopt.	有许多适当的技术,简单的洗手机和滤井,人们可以采用.
885	So I think that's one of the techniques in Haiti that hasn't been used with cell phones.	我想这是海地没有用过手机的技术之一。
886	And cell phones, of course, are now ubiquitous all over the world.	当然,手机现在遍布全世界。
887	They're easy to charge with a little solar panel at the speed corner.	它们很容易在速度角用一个小太阳板充电.
888	They're very cheap to buy.	他们买得起的
889	And so lots of information could be transferred to the rural areas that way.	所以很多信息可以这样转移到农村地区。
890	I think that might be one way to start in Haiti.	我认为这可能是在海地开始的一个办法。
891	Thank you.	谢谢
892	So thanks for that question.	谢谢你的问候
893	Sedge was to my last question for the faculty team here, and then we'll close the seminar.	塞奇是我最后一次向这里的教职员工提问然后我们结束研讨会
894	Talking about technology, innovative technologies, AI, which is looming,	谈论技术,创新技术,AI, 即将来临,
895	what is your comment about using human-centered AI or technology to quicken the dissemination of education for sustainable development,	你对利用以人为本的人工智能或技术加速宣传教育促进可持续发展有何评论,
896	this post-industrialization education model?	这种工业化后的教育模式?
897	Any responses to this question?	对这个问题有答复吗?
898	So AI is out of the bag.	所以AI是出包。
899	There's no way of stopping it anymore.	复有无上道止住.
900	So we might as well join in and figure out how to use it most effectively.	因此,我们不妨加入并找出如何最有效地利用它。
901	And I think probably in the sense of medicine, the previous speaker maybe could wing in on us.	我认为,从医学的意义上来说, 前一位演讲者也许可以加入我们。
902	We need doctors to talk.	我们需要医生说话。
903	I think AI is going to be a good place to start.	我认为AI会是一个良好的起点。
904	People had already started going to Wikipedia or online searches to get their medicine.	人们已经开始去维基百科或在线搜索以获得他们的药。
905	So why not up it with a little bit more of a boost from the AI?	何不用人工智能再加点气?
906	And then we're going to need the doctors, the real people, to constantly moderate and let us know where the AI is working and where it's not working.	然后我们需要医生,真正的人, 不断地温和,让我们知道AI在哪里工作,在哪里不工作。
907	But I don't think we can go back.	但我觉得我们回不去了
908	We're all going to be AI aficionados soon.	我们很快就会成为AI的异教徒了
909	My question is about how to apply human-centered AI on education for sustainable development.	我的问题是如何应用以人为中心的关于教育促进可持续发展的AI.
910	Sorry, I'm not going to talk about AI.	对不起,我不会谈论AI。
911	I'm going to talk about herbal medicine because it's mentioned about the health.	我将讨论草药,因为它提到健康。
912	I'll start with a story.	我先讲个故事
913	Twenty years ago, I went to the Miao minority groups on the mountains.	二十年前,我到山上的苗族少数民族.
914	And a girl took me down the hill.	一个女孩把我带到山下
915	And she can tell all the herbs around her home.	她可以告诉家里所有的草药
916	And she knows different herbs to treat different kinds of sickness.	她知道不同的草药治疗不同的疾病。
917	It's just marvelous.	简直太棒了
918	But now all the people, they don't know all those Chinese herbs medicine anymore because it's not taught in the school.	但是现在所有的人,由于学校没有教授这些中药草药,所以他们不再懂得这些中药草药.
919	It's not being emphasized.	没有被强调.
920	I think that's the most effective.	我觉得这最有效了
921	That's cheap.	这是便宜的。
922	And that's sustainable.	这是可持续的。
923	And that's part of the culture.	这是文化的一部分。
924	But I think we should recover and reinvent those kinds of knowledge about the herb medicine.	但我认为我们应该恢复并重塑这些关于草药的知识。
925	In all different cultures, it's the same thing.	在各种不同的文化中,都是一样的.
926	It's not talking about AI.	这不是说AI。
927	It's something right in front of our house, in the field, in the forest.	它的东西就在我们家门口,在田野里,在森林里.
928	That's the most effective of health.	这是最有效的健康。
929	Thank you.	谢谢
930	Absolutely.	当然
931	Taking things from the front.	从前面拿东西。
932	Actually, as I had my undergraduate at Yale in electrical engineering and computer science,	事实上我在耶鲁大学攻读电气工程和计算机科学
933	I do believe the need to leverage technology.	我相信需要利用技术。
934	For instance, the wisdom in our indigenous community knowledge,	例如,我们的土著社区知识中的智慧,
935	if we do just at least capture it, put it into our database,	如果我们至少能抓住它把它输入我们的数据库
936	we could at least hope not to lose it and to be able to use innovative technologies like AI to draw it out	我们至少可以希望不要失去它,并且能够使用AI这样的创新技术来画出来.
937	and maybe make it easier for people to learn or to go and tap into that depository.	也许可以让人们更容易地学习或去利用那个保存处

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